Rock Creek Park
IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape)
Maryland border entrance
Location	District of Columbia, USA
Nearest city	Washington, D.C.
Coordinates	38°57′10″N 77°2′30″W / 38.95278°N 77.04167°W / 38.95278; -77.04167Coordinates: 38°57′10″N 77°2′30″W / 38.95278°N 77.04167°W / 38.95278; -77.04167
Area	2,820.34 acres (11.4135 km2)
Established	September 27, 1890
Visitors	2,115,516 (in 2004)
Governing body	National Park Service
Rock Creek Park Historic District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Location:	Roughly, Rock Creek Park from Klingle Rd. to Montgomery County line, Washington, District of Columbia
Coordinates:	38°57′27″N 77°2′42″W / 38.9575°N 77.045°W / 38.9575; -77.045Coordinates: 38°57′27″N 77°2′42″W / 38.9575°N 77.045°W / 38.9575; -77.045
Area:	1,754.6 acres (710.06 ha)
Built:	1820
Architect:	Olmsted,Frederick Law,Jr.; Olmsted,John C.
Architectural style:	Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals, Early Republic, NPS Rustic
Governing body:	National Park Service
NRHP Reference#:	91001524 [1]
Added to NRHP:	October 23, 1991

Rock Creek Park is a large urban natural area with public park facilities that bisects Washington, D.C. The park is administered by the National Park Service.

Rock Creek Park[link]

Rock Creek

The main section of the park contains 1,754 acres (7.10 km²), or 2.75 square miles (7.1 km²), along the Rock Creek Valley. Including the other green areas the park administers (Glover Archbold Park, Montrose Park, Dumbarton Oaks Park, Meridian Hill Park, Battery Kemble Park, Palisades Park, Whitehaven Park, etc.), it is over 2,000 acres (8.1 km²). The major portion of the area lies north of the National Zoo, and was established by act of Congress made law by President Benjamin Harrison on September 27, 1890, the same year that Yosemite National Park was established. A later addition of the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway extended the park along a narrow corridor from the zoo to the mouth of Rock Creek at the Potomac River.

In 1933, Rock Creek Park, along with other National Capital Parks, was transferred to the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, and it is patrolled by the United States Park Police. Legislative language from its establishment, and the character of the park itself, suggests that it is among the oldest of America's national parks.

Recreation facilities include a golf course; equestrian trails; sport venues, including a tennis stadium which hosts major professional events; a nature center and planetarium; an outdoor concert venue; and picnic and playground facilities. Rock Creek Park also maintains cultural exhibits, including the Peirce Mill and Civil War fortifications, such as Fort Stevens and Fort DeRussy. Rock Creek is a popular venue for jogging, cycling, and inline skating, especially on the long, winding Beach Drive, portions of which are closed to vehicles on weekends.^[2]

It is also the path of a major traffic thoroughfare, the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway, especially along the portion south of the zoo.

The parklands follow the course of Rock Creek across the D.C.-Maryland border to connect with Rock Creek Stream Valley Park and Rock Creek Regional Park in Montgomery County. The Maryland parks are operated by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission.

The Rock Creek Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 23, 1991.

In May 2002, the remains of missing Federal Bureau of Prisons intern Chandra Levy were found in Rock Creek Park. Police had been searching for her for over a year.

Peirce Mill[link]

Peirce Mill

Peirce Mill is a water-powered grist mill in Rock Creek Park. There were at least eight mills along Rock Creek within what is now Washington D.C., and many more farther upstream in Montgomery County, Maryland. Of those eight, only Peirce Mill is still standing.

It was built in the 1820s by Isaac Peirce, along with a house, barn, and other buildings. It was later owned by a son, Joshua Peirce, and a nephew Peirce Shoemaker. It became part of Rock Creek Park when the park was created in the 1890s.

The family consistently spelled their name "Peirce" (except for some of Isaac Peirce's ancestors who went by Pearce). Others often use "Pierce" but not the family. Evidence includes family gravestones, family Bible, and estate book from Joshua Peirce, and living descendants who still use the old spelling.

The mill was listed on the National Register in 1969 as Pierce Mill.^[1]

The Mill has been repaired and re-opened October 15, 2011.

The Peirce Carriage Barn, adjacent to the mill, is usually open every day. The barn is the National Park Service point of contact. The barn was part of the Peirce estate built in 1810 and used as a tack room and carriage barn. The barn is now a mini museum containing information on the milling process, the Peirce family estate and other mills along the Rock Creek Valley.

Montrose and Dumbarton Oaks Parks[link]

Montrose Park occupies land that belonged to Robert Parrott. Adjacent to it is Dumbarton Oaks Park, which preserves the grounds of the former Dumbarton Oaks estate. The house and its formal garden are not part of the park.

Both parks were listed on the National Register on May 28, 1967.

Old Stone House[link]

The Old Stone House, the oldest building in Washington, DC, is a simple 18th century dwelling. The house itself is a popular museum showcasing the everyday life of middle class colonists. It was purchased by the federal government in 1953 and has been open to the public since the 1960s.

Administrative history[link]

Congressional authorizations:

• Rock Creek Park – September 27, 1890
• Meridian Hill Park – June 25, 1910
• Montrose Park – March 2, 1911
• Rock Creek & Potomac Parkway – March 4, 1913
• Dumbarton Oaks Park – December 2, 1940

See also[link]

• Battleground National Cemetery
• Fort Stevens
• Linden Oak
• Meridian Hill Park
• Old Stone House (Washington, D.C.)
• Pierce-Klingle Mansion

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rock Creek Park

• National Park Service: Rock Creek Park
  • Battleground National Cemetery
  • Meridian Hill Park
  • Montrose and Dumbarton Parks
  • The Old Stone House
  • Peirce Mill
• Dumbarton Oaks
• Friends of Peirce Mill
• FORCE – The Friends of Rock Creek's Environment

Rock Creek may refer to:

Streams[link]

• Rock Creek (British Columbia)
• Rock Creek (California), disambiguation
• Rock Creek (Idaho)
• Rock Creek (Kankakee River), in Illinois
• Rock Creek (Potomac River), in Maryland and the District of Columbia
• Rock Creek (Montana), in Missoula County
• Rock Creek (Nebraska)
• Rock Creek (Nevada)
• Rock Creek (Catlow Valley), in eastern Oregon
• Rock Creek (John Day River), in north central Oregon
• Rock Creek (Lane County, Oregon)
• Rock Creek (Wasco County, Oregon)
• Rock Creek (Washington County, Oregon)
• Rock Creek (Monocacy River), in Pennsylvania
• Rock Creek (Palouse River), in Washington state
• Two streams in Wyoming:
  • Rock Creek (Clear Creek), in the Bighorn Mountains
  • Rock Creek (Medicine Bow River), rising in the Snowy Mountains

Communities[link]

• Rock Creek, Alabama
• Rock Creek, British Columbia
• Rock Creek, Butte County, California
• Rock Creek, Plumas County, California
• Rock Creek, Illinois (disambiguation), three different communities in Illinois
• Rock Creek, Kansas
• Rock Creek, Minnesota
• Rock Creek, Ohio
• Rock Creek, Oregon (disambiguation), three different communities in Oregon
• Rock Creek Gardens, Washington, D.C., a neighborhood in Washington, D.C.
• Rock Creek, West Virginia (disambiguation), two different communities in West Virginia
• Rock Creek, Wisconsin
• Rock Creek Park, Colorado

Other[link]

• Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway, in Washington, D.C.
• Rock Creek Canyon Bridge, in British Columbia
• Rock Creek Cemetery, in Washington, D.C.
• Rock Creek Free Press, a newspaper published in Washington, D.C.
• Rock Creek Gold Rush, located near the town of Rock Creek, British Columbia
• Rock Creek Methodist Episcopal Church, in Maryland
• Rock Creek Park, in Washington, D.C.
• Rock Creek Park Golf Course, in Washington, D.C.
• Rock Creek Railway, a historic electric streetcar company in Washington, D.C.
• Rock Creek Roadless Area, in Wyoming
• Rock Creek Station, a Pony Express station in Nebraska
• Rock Creek Schools, a school district in Kansas
• Rock Creek State Park, in Iowa
• Rock Creek Station and Stricker Homesite, a historic site in Idaho
• Rock Creek Trail, in Colorado
• Rock Creek Wilderness, in Oregon
• Rock Creek Woods Historic District, in Maryland
• Rock/Creek, an outdoor specialty retailer

See also[link]

• Rock Creek Township (disambiguation)
• All pages beginning with "Rock Creek"

This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (September 2010)

Donaldson Toussaint L'Ouverture Byrd II, (born December 9, 1932) is an American jazz and rhythm and blues trumpeter. A sideman for many other jazz musicians of his generation, Byrd is best known as one of the only bebop jazz musicians who successfully pioneered the funk and soul genres while simultaneously remaining a pop artist.

In 1973, he created The Blackbyrds, a fusion group consisting of his best students. They scored several major hits including "Happy Music" (#3 R&B, #19 pop), "Walking In Rhythm" (#4 R&B, #6 pop) and "Rock Creek Park".

Biography[link]

Byrd attended Cass Technical High School. He performed with Lionel Hampton before finishing high school. After playing in a military band during a term in the United States Air Force, he obtained a bachelor's degree in music from Wayne State University and a master's degree from Manhattan School of Music.

While still at the Manhattan School, he joined Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers, as replacement for Clifford Brown. In 1955, he recorded with Jackie McLean and Mal Waldron. After leaving the Jazz Messengers in 1956, he performed with many leading jazz musicians of the day, including John Coltrane, Sonny Rollins, Thelonious Monk, and later Herbie Hancock.

Byrd's first regular group was a quintet that he co-led from 1958-61 with baritone saxophonist Pepper Adams, an ensemble whose hard driving performances are captured "live" on At the Half Note Cafe. In June 1964, Byrd jammed with jazz legend Eric Dolphy in Paris just two weeks before Dolphy's death from insulin shock.

In the 1970s, Byrd moved away from the hard-bop jazz idiom and began to record jazz fusion and rhythm and blues. He teamed up with the Mizell Brothers (producer-writers Larry and Fonce) for Black Byrd in 1972. It was highly successful and became Blue Note Records' highest-ever selling album. The title track climbed to #19 on Billboard's R&B chart and reached the Hot 100 pop chart, peaking at #88. The Mizell brothers' follow-up albums for Byrd, Street Lady, Places and Spaces and Steppin' Into Tomorrow were also big sellers, and have subsequently provided a rich source of samples for acid jazz artists such as Us3. Most of the material for the albums was written by Larry Mizell.

In 1994, Byrd appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation album, Stolen Moments: Red Hot + Cool. The album, meant to raise awareness and funds in support of the AIDS epidemic in relation to the African American community, was heralded as "Album of the Year" by Time Magazine.

He has taught music at Rutgers University, the Hampton Institute, New York University, Howard University, Queens College, Oberlin College, Cornell University and Delaware State University.

In addition to his master's from Manhattan School of Music, Byrd has two master's degrees from Columbia University. He received a law degree in 1976, and his doctorate from Columbia University Teachers College in 1982.

In September 2009, he was named an artist-in-residence at Delaware State University.^[1] Byrd lives in Teaneck, New Jersey.^[2]

Discography[link]

As leader[link]

• Byrd's Eye View (1955), Transitions
• Byrd Blows on Beacon Hill (1956), Transitions
• Off to the Races (1958), Blue Note
• Byrd in Hand (1959), Blue Note
• Fuego (1959), Blue Note
• Byrd in Flight (1960), Blue Note
• At the Half Note Cafe (1960), Blue Note
• Motor City Scene - with Pepper Adams (1960), Bethlehem
• Chant (1961), Blue Note
• The Cat Walk (1961), Blue Note
• Royal Flush (1961), Blue Note
• Free Form (1961), Blue Note
• A New Perspective (1963), Blue Note
• Up with Donald Byrd (1964), Verve
• I'm Tryin' to Get Home (1964), Blue Note
• Mustang! (1966), Blue Note
• Blackjack (1967), Blue Note
• Slow Drag (1967), Blue Note
• The Creeper (1967), Blue Note
• Fancy Free (1969) Blue Note
• Electric Byrd (1969–70), Blue Note
• Kofi (1969), Blue Note
• Ethiopian Knights (1971), Blue Note
• Black Byrd (1972), Blue Note
• Street Lady (1973), Blue Note
• Stepping into Tomorrow (1974), Blue Note
• Places and Spaces (1975), Blue Note
• Caricatures (1976), Blue Note
• Thank You... for F.U.M.L. (Funking Up My Life) (1978), Elektra
• Love Byrd (1981), Elektra
• Words, Sounds, Colors and Shapes (1983) Landmark
• Harlem Blues (1987), Landmark
• Getting Down to Business (1989), Landmark
• A City Called Heaven (1991), Landmark
• Touchstone (2000)
• The Transition Sessions (2002)

As sideman[link]

• 1955 Kenny Clarke - Bohemia After Dark
• 1955 Cannonball Adderley - Discoveries
• 1955 Oscar Pettiford - Another One
• 1955 Hank Jones - Quartet-Quintet
• 1955 Hank Jones - Bluebird - one track only
• 1955 Ernie Wilkins - Top Brass
• 1956 George Wallington - Jazz for the Carriage Trade
• 1956 Jackie McLean - Lights Out!
• 1956 Hank Mobley - The Jazz Message of Hank Mobley
• 1956 Kenny Clarke - Klook's Clique
• 1956 Art Blakey - The Jazz Messengers
• 1956 Rita Reys - The Cool Voice of Rita Reys
• 1956 Elmo Hope - Informal Jazz
• 1956 Phil Woods - Pairing Off
• 1956 Jackie McLean - 4, 5 and 6
• 1956 Gene Ammons - Jammin' with Gene
• 1956 Horace Silver - Silver's Blue
• 1956 Hank Mobley - Mobley's Message
• 1956 Hank Mobley - Jazz Message #2
• 1956 Art Farmer - 2 Trumpets
• 1956 Paul Chambers - Whims of Chambers
• 1956 Phil Woods/Donald Byrd - The Young Bloods
• 1956 Horace Silver - 6 Pieces of Silver
• 1956 Hank Mobley - Hank Mobley Sextet
• 1956 Doug Watkins - Watkins at Large
• 1956 Sonny Rollins - Sonny Rollins, Vol. 1
• 1956 Kenny Burrell - All Night Long
• 1957 Kenny Burrell - All Day Long
• 1957 Gigi Gryce/Donald Byrd - Jazz Lab
• 1957 Art Farmer/Donald Byrd/Idrees Sulieman - Three Trumpets
• 1957 Lou Donaldson - Wailing with Lou
• 1957 Jimmy Smith - A Date with Jimmy Smith Volume One
• 1957 Art Taylor - Taylor Wailer's
• 1957 Gigi Gryce - Gigi Gryce and The Jazz Lab Quintet
• 1957 George Wallington - The New York Scene
• 1957 Various Artists - American Jazzmen Play Andre Hodeir's Essais
• 1957 Kenny Burrell/Jimmy Raney - 2 Guitars
• 1957 Kenny Drew - This is New
• 1957 Hank Mobley - Hank
• 1957 Paul Chambers - Paul Chambers Quintet
• 1957 The Gigi Gryce/Donald Byrd Jazz Lab - At Newport - One side of LP which also features Cecil Taylor
• 1957 Gigi Gryce/Donald Byrd - New Formulas from the Jazz Lab
• 1957 Gigi Gryce/Donald Byrd - Modern Jazz Perspective
• 1957 Sonny Clark - Sonny's Crib
• 1957 John Jenkins - Star Eyes
• 1957 Oscar Pettiford - Winner's Circle
• 1957 George Wallington - Jazz at Hotchkiss
• 1957 Red Garland - All Mornin' Long
• 1957 Red Garland - Soul Junction
• 1957 Red Garland - High Pressure
• 1957 Lou Donaldson - Lou Takes Off
• 1958 John Coltrane - Lush Life - one track only
• 1958 John Coltrane - The Believer - two tracks
• 1958 John Coltrane - The Last Trane - two tracks
• 1958 Johnny Griffin - Johnny Griffin Sextet
• 1958 Pepper Adams - 10 to 4 at the 5 Spot
• 1958 John Coltrane - Black Pearls
• 1958 Michel Legrand - Legrand Jazz
• 1958 Dizzy Reece - Blues in Trinity
• 1958 Art Blakey - Holiday for Skins
• 1958 Jim Timmens - Gilbert and Sullivan Revisited
• 1959 Jackie McLean - Jackie's Bag
• 1959 Thelonious Monk - The Thelonious Monk Orchestra at Town Hall
• 1959 Chris Connor - Ballads of the Sad Cafe
• 1959 Sonny Clark - My Conception
• 1959 Manny Albam/Teo Macero - Something New, Something Blue
• 1959 Jackie McLean - Vertigo
• 1959 Jackie McLean - New Soil
• 1959 Walter Davis Jr. - Davis Cup
• 1961 Pepper Adams - Out of This World
• 1962 Duke Pearson - Hush!
• 1963 Hank Mobley - No Room for Squares
• 1963 Hank Mobley - Straight No Filter - released 1986
• 1963 Hank Mobley - The Turnaround
• 1963 Jimmy Heath - Swamp Seed
• 1963 Herbie Hancock - My Point of View
• 1964 Dexter Gordon - One Flight Up
• 1964 Cal Tjader - Soul Sauce
• 1964 Solomon Ilori - African High Life
• 1964 Duke Pearson - Wahoo!
• 1965 Dexter Gordon - Ladybird
• 1965 Wes Montgomery - Goin' Out of My Head
• 1967 Stanley Turrentine - A Bluish Bag
• 1967 Sam Rivers - Dimensions & Extensions
• 1967 Hank Mobley - Far Away Lands
• 1977 Gene Harris - Tone Tantrum
• 1978 Sonny Rollins - Don't Stop the Carnival
• 1993 Guru - Jazzmatazz, Vol. 1
• 1995 Guru - Guru's Jazzmatazz, Vol. 2: The New Reality
• 1995 Ahmad Jamal - Big Byrd: The Essence Part 2

References[link]

External links[link]

• Donald Byrd at Allmusic
• Donald Byrd Discogs entry
• Donald Byrd discography at jazzdisco.org

Clara Barton
Born	Clarissa Hartlowe Barton (1821-12-25)December 25, 1821 North Oxford, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	April 12, 1912(1912-04-12) (aged 90) Glen Echo, Maryland, U.S.
Resting place	North Cemetery, Oxford Massachusetts
Nationality	American
Occupation	Teacher, Nurse, Humanitarian, Founder and first president of the American Red Cross
Spouse	None
Signature

Clarissa Harlowe "Clara" Barton (December 25, 1821 – April 12, 1912) was a pioneer American teacher, patent clerk, nurse, and humanitarian.

Early life[link]

Clara Barton was the youngest child of Stephen Barton: veteran of the Indian Wars in Ohio and Michigan, and a selectman in Oxford, Massachusetts; and his wife, Sarah. Her siblings were Dorothy', Sally, Stephen and David.^[1]

Barton always had a passion for being a nurse. She took care of her dog when he hurt his leg. But the best example was her brother, David Barton. When Barton was 11, David was fixing the barn roof, and he fell off. The doctor said that he would die within a matter of time. But young Barton was determined to save him. She nursed him back to health. The doctors didn't know how she did it, but David knew that she had a gift.

Early professional life[link]

Clara Barton became a school teacher in 1837 teaching in the area for a dozen years in schools at Oxford, N. Oxford, Charlton, and West Millbury. In 1850, Barton decided to further her education by pursuing writing and languages at the Clinton Liberal Institute in New York. Following these studies, Barton opened a free school in New Jersey. The attendance under her leadership grew to 600 but instead of hiring Barton to head the school, the board hired a man instead. Frustrated, in 1854 she moved to Washington D.C. and began work as a clerk in the US Patent Office;^[2] this was the first time a woman had received a substantial clerkship in the federal government and at a salary equal to a man's salary. Subsequently, under political opposition to women working in government offices, her position was reduced to that of copyist, and in 1857, under the administration of James Buchanan, eliminated entirely.^[3] After the election of Abraham Lincoln, having lived with relatives and friends in Massachusetts for three years, she returned to work at the patent office in the autumn of 1860, now as temporary copyist, in the hope she could pioneer to make way for more women in government service.^[2]

American Civil War[link]

Clara Barton circa 1866.

On April 21, 1861, American Civil War, a trainload of Union soldiers was mobbed by Confederate sympathizers in Baltimore, MD and arrived in Washington DC full of dead and wounded with no baggage or supplies. Barton tended to wounded soldiers (some from Massachusetts) quartered in the U.S. Senate chamber in Washington.^[4][5] Then after the First Battle of Bull Run, July 21, Barton established the main agency to obtain and distribute supplies to wounded soldiers. She was given a pass by General William Hammond to ride in army ambulances to provide comfort to the soldiers and nurse them back to health and lobbied the U.S. Army bureaucracy, at first without success, to bring her own medical supplies to the battlefields. Finally, on August 3, 1862,^[4] she obtained permission to travel to the front lines, eventually reaching some of the grimmest battlefields of the war and serving during the Siege of Petersburg and Richmond, Virginia. In 1864 she was appointed by Union General Benjamin Butler as the "lady in charge" of the hospitals at the front of the Army of the James. Among her more harrowing experiences was an incident in which a bullet tore through the sleeve of her dress without striking her and killed a man to whom she was tending.She is known as the "Angel of the Battlefield."

American Red Cross[link]

After the war, she ran the Office of Missing Soldiers, at 437 Seventh Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C. in the Gallery Place neighborhood.^[6]

Barton then achieved widespread recognition by delivering lectures around the country about her war experiences. She met Susan B. Anthony and began a long association with the woman's suffrage movement. She also became acquainted with Frederick Douglass and became an activist for black civil rights. In 1869, during her trip to Geneva, Switzerland, Barton was introduced to the Red Cross and Henry Dunant's book A Memory of Solferino, which called for the formation of national societies to provide relief voluntarily on a neutral basis.

At the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War, in 1870, she assisted the grand duchess of Baden in the preparation of military hospitals, and gave the Red Cross society much aid during the war. At the joint request of the German authorities and the Strasbourg Comité de Secours, she superintended the supplying of work to the poor of Strasbourg in 1871, after the Siege of Freaking Paris, and in 1872 had charge of the public distribution of supplies to the destitute people of Paris. At the close of the war she was decorated with the golden cross of Baden and the iron cross of Germany.^[7]

When Clara Barton returned to the United States, she inaugurated a movement to gain recognition for the International Committee of the Red Cross by the United States government.[5] When she began work on this project in 1873, most Americans thought the U.S. would never again face a calamity like the Civil War, but Barton finally succeeded during the administration of President Chester Arthur, using the argument that the new American Red Cross could respond to crises other than war.

Barton naturally became President of the American branch of the society, which held its first official meeting at her I Street apartment in Washington, DC May 21, 1881. The first local society was founded August 22, 1881 in Dansville, Livingston County, New York, where she maintained a country home.^[8]

The society's role changed with the advent of the Spanish-American War during which it aided refugees and prisoners of the civil war. In 1896, responding to the humanitarian crisis in the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of the Hamidian Massacres, Barton sailed to Constantinople and after long negotiations with Abdul Hamid II, opened the first American International Red Cross headquarters in the heart of Turkey. Barton herself traveled along with five other Red Cross expeditions to the Armenian provinces in the spring of 1896, providing relief and humanitarian aid. Barton also worked in hospitals in Cuba in 1898 at the age of seventy-seven.^[9] Barton's last field operation as President of the American Red Cross was the relief effort for the victims of the Galveston hurricane of September 1900. The operation established an orphanage for children of the 6,000 dead, helped to acquire lumber for rebuilding houses, and teamed with the New York World newspaper to accept contributions for the relief effort. As criticism arose of her management of the American Red Cross, plus her advancing age, Barton resigned as president in 1904, at the age of 83. After resigning, Barton founded the National First Aid Society. On April 12, 1912 at the age of 90 she died in Glen Echo, Maryland with all her friends by her side. Cause of death was tuberculosis which she contracted two years earlier and had been bedridden one month earlier.

Religious beliefs[link]

Various authorities^[who?] have called Barton a “Deist-Unitarian" or freethinker or deist. Although not formally a member of the Universalist Church of America,^[10] in a 1905 letter to the widow of Carl Norman Thrasher, she identified herself with her parents' church as a "Universalist”.^[11]

Clara Barton National Historic Site[link]

 

In 1975, Clara Barton National Historic Site, located at 5801 Oxford Road, Glen Echo, Maryland, was established as a unit of the National Park Service at Barton's home, where she spent the last 15 years of her life. One of the first National Historic Sites dedicated to the accomplishments of a woman, it preserves the early history of the American Red Cross, since the home also served as an early headquarters of the organization. She was born in a house which is now a museum.

The National Park Service has restored eleven rooms, including the Red Cross offices, the parlors and Barton's bedroom. Visitors to Clara Barton National Historic Site can gain a sense of how Barton lived and worked. Guides lead tourists through the three levels, emphasizing Barton's use of her unusual home. Modern visitors can come to appreciate the site in the same way visitors did in Clara Barton's lifetime.^[12]

Places named for Clara Barton[link]

Clara Barton – steel engraving by John Sartain

• Barton County, Kansas
• Clara Barton School in Bordentown, New Jersey
• Clara Barton Drive in Fairfax Station, Virginia
• Lake Barton in Burke, Virginia
• Barton Hall, Iowa State University
• Clara Barton subdivision of Edison, NJ
• Clara Barton Parkway in Maryland
• Clara Barton Rest Area in New Jersey
• Clara Barton District, a regional association of Unitarian Universalist Association member congregations
• Clara Barton Elementary School in Oxford, Massachusetts
• Clara Barton Elementary School in Bronx, New York
• Clara Barton Elementary School in Cherry Hill, New Jersey
• Clara Barton Elementary School in Corona, California
• Clara Barton Elementary School in Chicago, Illinois
• Clara Barton Elementary School in Alton, Illinois
• Clara Barton Elementary School in Anaheim, California
• Clara Barton Elementary School in West Mifflin, Pennsylvania
• Clara Barton Elementary School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
• Clara Barton Open School in Minneapolis, Minnesota
• Clara Barton School in Fargo, North Dakota
• Clara Barton Woods in Lake Clear, New York
• Clara Barton Street in Dansville, NY
• Clara Barton High School in Brooklyn, New York
• Clara Barton High School in Elizabeth, New Jersey
• Clara Barton Community Center, Cabin John, MD
• Clara Barton First Aid Squad, Edison NJ
• Barton, a crater on Venus
• Barton's Crossing, Pittsfield, MA
• Barton Center for Diabetes Education, North Oxford, MA
• Barton Hall at Montclair State University in Upper Montclair, New Jersey
• Barton Boulevard in Rockledge, FL
• Clara Barton House, a residence hall at Towson University, Towson, MD.

Clara Barton Elementary in Long Beach Ca on Del Amo Blvd

Published works[link]

• Barton, Clara H. The Red Cross-In Peace and War Washington, D.C.: American Historical Press, (1898)
• Barton, Clara H. Story of the Red Cross-Glimpses of Field Work New York: D. Appleton and Company, (1904)

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Barton, William E. The Life of Clara Barton Founder of the American Red Cross New York: AMS Press, (1969)
• Hutchinson, John F. Champions of Charity: War and the Rise of the Red Cross Boulder: Westview Press, Inc., (1996)
• Joyce, James Avery. Red Cross International and the Strategy of Peace New York: Oceana Publications, Inc., (1959)
• Pryor, Elizabeth Brown. Clara Barton: Professional Angel Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, (1987)
• Ross, Ishbel. Angel of the Battlefield: The Life of Clara Barton New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers, (1956)
• Deady, Kathleen,W. "Clara Barton" Mankato:Capstone Press, (2003)
• Numbering All the Bones by Ann Rinaldi features Clara Barton and Andersonville Prison, a Civil War prison with terrible conditions.
• Safranski, Debby Burnett, "Angel of Andersonville, Prince of Tahiti: The Extraordinary Life of Dorence Atwater," Alling-Porterfield Publishing House, 2008

External links[link]

	Biography portal
	American Civil War portal
	Nursing portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Clara Barton

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Barton, Clara.

• Harvard University Library Open Collections Program. Women Working, 1870–1930. Clara Barton (1821–1912). A full-text searchable online database with complete access to publications written by Clara Barton.
• Works by Clara Barton at Project Gutenberg
• Clara Barton National Historic Site
• Clara Barton Birthplace Museum
• The Barton Center For Diabetes Education, Inc.
• Clara Barton's House: Home of the American Red Cross, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
• Clara Barton's life in the Finger Lakes, NY
• Women in History
• Clara Barton Passport Application – 1869 (Original document image)
• Clara Barton, A Register of Her Papers in the Library of Congress
• Clara Barton at Find a Grave