- published: 28 Jul 2013
- views: 4199
- author: SFootballHD7
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- Lyrics: play full screen play karaoke
- Norway - Beach House
- Norway - Imperia
- Norway - Penpals
We were sleeping till you came along
With your diamond heart
You let us in the wooden house
To share in all the wealth
Don't you know it's true?
Norway eeeay eeeaaaay ay-ay-ay
Seven figures leap the hungry maws
The beastie comes to you
He's a hunter for a lonely heart
In the season of the sun
Don't you know it's true?
Norway eeeay eeeaaaay ay-ay-ay
Where you thinkin' that you gotta run to now
With the beating of a diamond heart?
Hang on to the things that you're supposed to say
Billions of stars that open to your fate
Norway
I skogen mellom fjell og daler, der kommer jeg fra
Et land med vann som krystall
Landet i nord med sine røtter som gror dypt i meg
Landet i nord hvor min sjel er fri
NORGE
Når bladene er grønne og fulle av liv
Til de blir mørke røde høstens prakt
Landet i nord med sine røtter som gror dypt i meg
Landet i nord hvor min sjel er fri
NORGE
Gjennom skoger fulle av liv, hvor ingen prøver a ta fra meg min frihet
Fordi i all denne naturens skjønnhet er jeg fri, er jeg fri
ER JEG FRI!!!
Landet i nord med sine røtter som gror dypt i meg
Landet i nord hvor min sjel er fri
She says always
"You gotta know yourself, you can do it more"
She comes from Norway
Her tone is almost freeze
I know she's quite right
So I make up mind to never lose my cool
But blizzard from Norway
is gonna rage against my love
She's so pretty but so tough
(or I'm so vague)
I guess here comes the time to choose
(I make it hard again!)
I'm not strong enough to be with you but
Mabye you're my fatal girl but
I'll never give into...
So, goodbye
She says anyway
"You gotta believe your talent
You can win some fame"
She goes it on all day
Her tone is raising up
I know she thinks of me
I try so hard to come up to her hope
But the midnight sun on Norway
is gonna take my sleep away
She's so pretty but so tough
(or I'm so vague)
I guess here comes the time to choose
(I make it hard again!)
I'm not strong enough to be with you but
Mabye you're my fatal girl but
I'll never give into...
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Save Me
- Anything at All
- Only One I Need
- American Girl
- The Power of Gold
- Since You've Been Gone
- Tell Me (Is That the Way That It Is)
- Won't Let You Down
- Haunted
- Personality Plus
- A Future (feat. Ronnie Martin)
- Promise
- Won't Be Lost
- People Like You (feat. Jon Pierce)
- Not Your Own
- Information Architect
- The Ocean
- Newday
- Get Out
- Perfect in Every Way
- MC-4 Horsemen of the Apocalypse
- Norway Squared
- It's Only Pop
- For So Long
- Down to Earth
- My Synthesizer
- From One Ballad to Another
- Not Tragedy
- Dead Without the Drums
- Watch Out
- Givin' It All
- One Night Alone
- Someday, Someway
- I Don't Wanna Love You
- Can't Live Without You
- Sendin' a Prayer (A Song for David)
- When You Close Your Eyes
- Cry Baby
- Find My Way Home
- Hole in My Heart
- Heaven in Your Arms
- So You Say
- There's Something More to Life
- Here We Go Again
- Dark and Lonely
- Jesus Girl
- Confused
- With All My Heart
- Norwaygirl
- Everytime
- Only Time
- Heartbeat
- Every Little Thing
- Night Dreams
- Give You My Love
- Destination Unknown
- Love on the Line
- Never Gonna Fall in Love Again
- Bad Boys
- Love Is Strong Enough
- Surrender
Send this Playlist by SMS
Gulbrandsen failure penalty Germany vs Norway, UEFA Womens Final
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:28
- Updated: 30 Jul 2013
Gulbrandsen failure penalty Germany vs Norway, UEFA Womens Final Gulbrandsen failure penalty Germany vs Norway, UEFA Womens Final Gulbrandsen failure penalty...
http://wn.com/Gulbrandsen_failure_penalty_Germany_vs_Norway,_UEFA_Womens_Final
Gulbrandsen failure penalty Germany vs Norway, UEFA Womens Final Gulbrandsen failure penalty Germany vs Norway, UEFA Womens Final Gulbrandsen failure penalty...
Mittag Goal 1-0 Germany vs Norway, UEFA Womens Final
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:18
- Updated: 30 Jul 2013
Mittag Goal 1-0 Germany vs Norway, UEFA Womens Final Mittag Goal 1-0 Germany vs Norway, UEFA Womens Final Mittag Goal 1-0 Germany vs Norway, UEFA Womens Final.
http://wn.com/Mittag_Goal_1-0_Germany_vs_Norway,_UEFA_Womens_Final
Mittag Goal 1-0 Germany vs Norway, UEFA Womens Final Mittag Goal 1-0 Germany vs Norway, UEFA Womens Final Mittag Goal 1-0 Germany vs Norway, UEFA Womens Final.
- published: 28 Jul 2013
- views: 10975
- author: SFootballHD7
DJ Broiler - Football's Coming Home (Norway Cup Anthem 2013)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:37
- Updated: 04 Aug 2013
Under åpningskonserten til det 41. Norway Cup arrangementet fikk vi i oppgave å remixe "Football's Coming Home" fra 1998. Her er resultatet etter en snau tim...
http://wn.com/DJ_Broiler_Football's_Coming_Home_Norway_Cup_Anthem_2013
Under åpningskonserten til det 41. Norway Cup arrangementet fikk vi i oppgave å remixe "Football's Coming Home" fra 1998. Her er resultatet etter en snau tim...
- published: 28 Jul 2013
- views: 36318
- author: djbroiler
Bus ride in Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:11
- Updated: 12 Aug 2013
http://wn.com/Bus_ride_in_Bergen,_Hordaland,_Norway
Fascination Norway
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:33
- Updated: 09 Aug 2013
Norway is a fascinating land in the extreme north of Europe where both magic and fairytales are very much alive. It has crystal clear lakes and rivers, snow ...
http://wn.com/Fascination_Norway
Norway is a fascinating land in the extreme north of Europe where both magic and fairytales are very much alive. It has crystal clear lakes and rivers, snow ...
- published: 26 Sep 2012
- views: 17053
- author: sjentertainmenttv
A Norway Passage - The Most Beautiful Voyage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:56
- Updated: 14 Aug 2013
A Norway Passage is the story of a voyage - a beautiful voyage along more than 1100 miles of Norway's spectacular coastline on the Hurtigruten ship Nordnorg...
http://wn.com/A_Norway_Passage_The_Most_Beautiful_Voyage
A Norway Passage is the story of a voyage - a beautiful voyage along more than 1100 miles of Norway's spectacular coastline on the Hurtigruten ship Nordnorg...
- published: 30 Nov 2012
- views: 53350
- author: Scott Pandel
this is norway
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Updated: 12 Aug 2013
video about norway and norwegians.
http://wn.com/this_is_norway
Norway
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:19
- Updated: 10 Aug 2013
http://facebook.com/ScenicMotion In this timelapse film you will see some of Norway´s most famous nature attractions- from the beautiful fjords, spectacular ...
http://wn.com/Norway
http://facebook.com/ScenicMotion In this timelapse film you will see some of Norway´s most famous nature attractions- from the beautiful fjords, spectacular ...
- published: 12 Jan 2012
- views: 81030
- author: ScenicMotion
Wingsuit Flight in Norway
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:14
- Updated: 05 Aug 2013
Test Pilot Brian Germain flies one of the largest wingsuits in the world over some of the most beautiful mountains in the world in Voss, Norway.
http://wn.com/Wingsuit_Flight_in_Norway
Test Pilot Brian Germain flies one of the largest wingsuits in the world over some of the most beautiful mountains in the world in Voss, Norway.
- published: 30 Jul 2013
- views: 811
- author: Brian Germain
Team Norway congratulates Tarjei Bø on his 25th birthday
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Updated: 01 Aug 2013
vk.com/emil_hegle_svendsen || vk.com/emil_svendsen.
http://wn.com/Team_Norway_congratulates_Tarjei_Bø_on_his_25th_birthday
vk.com/emil_hegle_svendsen || vk.com/emil_svendsen.
- published: 29 Jul 2013
- views: 1777
- author: Summer92Wine
Michael Moore in Norway
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:04
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
This particular video includes the philosopher who is advising the Norwegian government on what to do or not for the best of society.
http://wn.com/Michael_Moore_in_Norway
This particular video includes the philosopher who is advising the Norwegian government on what to do or not for the best of society.
- published: 07 Aug 2008
- views: 379151
- author: prosario2000
Margaret Berger - I Feed You My Love (Norway) - LIVE - 2013 Semi-Final (2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:16
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
Powered by http://www.eurovision.tv Norway: Margaret Berger - I Feed You My Love live at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 Semi-Final (2)
http://wn.com/Margaret_Berger_I_Feed_You_My_Love_Norway_LIVE_2013_Semi-Final_2
Powered by http://www.eurovision.tv Norway: Margaret Berger - I Feed You My Love live at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 Semi-Final (2)
- published: 16 May 2013
- views: 972103
- author: Eurovision Song Contest
Norway's resources boom & 78% tax on revenue
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:52
- Updated: 04 Aug 2013
http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2013/s3736272.htm.
http://wn.com/Norway's_resources_boom_78_tax_on_revenue
http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2013/s3736272.htm.
- published: 13 Apr 2013
- views: 4471
- author: liberalcynic
WORLD WAR II - April 1940 - Battle of Norway
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:40
- Updated: 09 Aug 2013
http://wn.com/WORLD_WAR_II_April_1940_Battle_of_Norway
Margaret Berger - I Feed You My Love (Norway) 2013 Eurovision Song Contest
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
Powered by: http://www.eurovision.tv Margaret Berger will represent Norway at the 2013 Eurovision Song Contest with the song I Feed You My Love. Norway alway...
http://wn.com/Margaret_Berger_I_Feed_You_My_Love_Norway_2013_Eurovision_Song_Contest
Powered by: http://www.eurovision.tv Margaret Berger will represent Norway at the 2013 Eurovision Song Contest with the song I Feed You My Love. Norway alway...
- published: 13 Mar 2013
- views: 2779884
- author: Eurovision Song Contest
THINGS I LIKE ABOUT NORWAY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:05
- Updated: 04 Aug 2013
Hey guys! For all those of you who didn't already know, I am in fact 50% Norwegian and 50% British. So this is actually kind of relevant to my life, as I liv...
http://wn.com/THINGS_I_LIKE_ABOUT_NORWAY
Hey guys! For all those of you who didn't already know, I am in fact 50% Norwegian and 50% British. So this is actually kind of relevant to my life, as I liv...
- published: 04 Apr 2013
- views: 5534
- author: teaandtoastify
2011 Sweden International Tattoo 11 Norway King's Guard
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:22
- Updated: 13 Aug 2013
Sweden International Tattoo 2011 11 - HM The King's Guard Band and Drill Team Norway 21 May 2011 - Malmo Arena, Malmo Sweden.
http://wn.com/2011_Sweden_International_Tattoo_11_Norway_King's_Guard
Sweden International Tattoo 2011 11 - HM The King's Guard Band and Drill Team Norway 21 May 2011 - Malmo Arena, Malmo Sweden.
- published: 24 May 2011
- views: 113438
- author: mttlgvideo
QT: Should the UK be like Norway in EU? (17Jan13)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:18
- Updated: 04 Aug 2013
Should the UK be like Norway in the EU.... rich? Recorded from BBC Question Time, 17 January 2013.
http://wn.com/QT_Should_the_UK_be_like_Norway_in_EU?_17Jan13
Should the UK be like Norway in the EU.... rich? Recorded from BBC Question Time, 17 January 2013.
- published: 19 Jan 2013
- views: 3868
- author: liarpoliticians2
Norway Vs U.S. Prison System
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:15
- Updated: 14 Aug 2013
Some claim the prisons in Norway are far too soft on criminals compared to the American system but how do the countries compare in the crime rate and recidiv...
http://wn.com/Norway_Vs_US_Prison_System
Some claim the prisons in Norway are far too soft on criminals compared to the American system but how do the countries compare in the crime rate and recidiv...
- published: 29 Jul 2011
- views: 245989
- author: The Young Turks
Why move from Norway to Canada?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:17
- Updated: 05 Aug 2013
And after having moved from Germany to Norway at that... Just answering a question that I've been asked multiple times since I announced that my spouse Cara ...
http://wn.com/Why_move_from_Norway_to_Canada?
And after having moved from Germany to Norway at that... Just answering a question that I've been asked multiple times since I announced that my spouse Cara ...
- published: 22 Jun 2013
- views: 1334
- author: SkallagrimNilsson
Bruce Campbell: Norway's Petro-Lessons for Canada
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:49
- Updated: 03 Aug 2013
Like Canada, Norway has considerable petro-wealth. Where we diverge? The Norwegian government has a hand in the development, allocation and sharing of the re...
http://wn.com/Bruce_Campbell_Norway's_Petro-Lessons_for_Canada
Like Canada, Norway has considerable petro-wealth. Where we diverge? The Norwegian government has a hand in the development, allocation and sharing of the re...
- published: 13 Mar 2013
- views: 2287
- author: The Agenda with Steve Paikin
World War Two - Norway 1940
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:25
- Updated: 06 Aug 2013
National Geographic presents Battlefront: The Battle for Norway. British and French forces attempt to block Germany's seizure of Norway to secure its supply ...
http://wn.com/World_War_Two_Norway_1940
National Geographic presents Battlefront: The Battle for Norway. British and French forces attempt to block Germany's seizure of Norway to secure its supply ...
- published: 09 Jan 2013
- views: 2971
- author: wicked400m
Norway a Wonderland - Film - Maxdreamcreator (Glidecam HD-2000, Canon 7D)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:25
- Updated: 05 Aug 2013
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Maxdreamcreator/204519279614104 Twitter: http://twitter.com/maxdreamcreator www.maxdreamcreator.com Cast: Holly ADAIR...
http://wn.com/Norway_a_Wonderland_Film_Maxdreamcreator_Glidecam_HD-2000,_Canon_7D
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Maxdreamcreator/204519279614104 Twitter: http://twitter.com/maxdreamcreator www.maxdreamcreator.com Cast: Holly ADAIR...
- published: 12 Dec 2012
- views: 8183
- author: maxdreamcreator
Send this Playlist by SMS
Fahrenheit 911 - The full length movie-Bush cheated in the 2000 election!.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 118:29
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
Douglas Bickford 360-773-1318.
http://wn.com/Fahrenheit_911_The_full_length_movie-Bush_cheated_in_the_2000_election!
Michael Moore "Am I Surprised Pelosi Says The Courageous Whistleblower Snowden Should Be Prosecuted
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:39
- Updated: 11 Aug 2013
June 20, 2013 Current TV News http://MOXNews.com.
http://wn.com/Michael_Moore_Am_I_Surprised_Pelosi_Says_The_Courageous_Whistleblower_Snowden_Should_Be_Prosecuted
June 20, 2013 Current TV News http://MOXNews.com.
- published: 21 Jun 2013
- views: 7049
- author: MOXNEWSd0tC0M
Capitalism A Love Story O kapitalismu s laskou 2009 cz titulky1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 127:20
- Updated: 08 Aug 2013
http://wn.com/Capitalism_A_Love_Story_O_kapitalismu_s_laskou_2009_cz_titulky1
Michael Moore - Fahrenheit 9 11 Full Movie with dutch subs.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 122:20
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
SEE RANK Fahrenheit 9/11 Michael Moore's view on what happened to the United States after September 11; and how the Bush Administration allegedly used the tr...
http://wn.com/Michael_Moore_Fahrenheit_9_11_Full_Movie_with_dutch_subs
SEE RANK Fahrenheit 9/11 Michael Moore's view on what happened to the United States after September 11; and how the Bush Administration allegedly used the tr...
- published: 19 Jun 2012
- views: 121866
- author: fcbbarcacity1
Michael Moore Wants Parents Of Sandy Hook Massacre To Release Photos Of Their Dead Children
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:14
- Updated: 10 Aug 2013
March 19, 2013 CNN http://MOXNews.com.
http://wn.com/Michael_Moore_Wants_Parents_Of_Sandy_Hook_Massacre_To_Release_Photos_Of_Their_Dead_Children
Michael Moore's Slacker Uprising
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 99:22
- Updated: 10 Aug 2013
Aka "Captain Mike Across America", this documentary charts Michael Moore's 60-city tour of college campuses and other venues during the 2004 election in an e...
http://wn.com/Michael_Moore's_Slacker_Uprising
Aka "Captain Mike Across America", this documentary charts Michael Moore's 60-city tour of college campuses and other venues during the 2004 election in an e...
- published: 07 Apr 2013
- views: 4626
- author: JayArgonaut
Michael Moore "Guns Don't Kill People... Americans Kill People"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 38:58
- Updated: 09 Aug 2013
July 24, 2012 CNN http://MOXNews.com.
http://wn.com/Michael_Moore_Guns_Don't_Kill_People_Americans_Kill_People
Anti-Constitution Advocate Michael Moore & Piers Morgan Are Pissed Assault Weapons Ban Was Dropped
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 32:17
- Updated: 26 Jul 2013
SUBSCRIBE TODAY →: http://www.youtube.com/user/MrCensorMe3/videos Aired March ,2013 FAIR USE NOTICE: These Videos may contain copyrighted (© ) material the u...
http://wn.com/Anti-Constitution_Advocate_Michael_Moore_Piers_Morgan_Are_Pissed_Assault_Weapons_Ban_Was_Dropped
SUBSCRIBE TODAY →: http://www.youtube.com/user/MrCensorMe3/videos Aired March ,2013 FAIR USE NOTICE: These Videos may contain copyrighted (© ) material the u...
- published: 02 Apr 2013
- views: 1143
- author: MrCensorMe3
SICKO - SOS Saude - Michael Moore completo legendado
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 123:13
- Updated: 14 Aug 2013
Mais um bom documentário de Michael Moore, depois de Fahrenheit 9/11 e Tiros em Columbine, SICKO SOS Saúde destaca o sistema de saúde americano, empresas de ...
http://wn.com/SICKO_SOS_Saude_Michael_Moore_completo_legendado
Mais um bom documentário de Michael Moore, depois de Fahrenheit 9/11 e Tiros em Columbine, SICKO SOS Saúde destaca o sistema de saúde americano, empresas de ...
- published: 22 Oct 2012
- views: 84739
- author: Denner Barros
MICHAEL MOORE IS FED UP!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:40
- Updated: 08 Aug 2013
December 12, 2012 Current TV News http://MOXNews.com.
http://wn.com/MICHAEL_MOORE_IS_FED_UP!
December 12, 2012 Current TV News http://MOXNews.com.
- published: 13 Dec 2012
- views: 9846
- author: MOXNEWSd0tC0M
Tiros em Columbine - por Michael Moore - Documentário Completo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 114:39
- Updated: 27 Jun 2013
Curta a Página no Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/Documentarios.Filmes Twitter: https://twitter.com/DocFilmes Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/documentariosfilmes.
http://wn.com/Tiros_em_Columbine_por_Michael_Moore_Documentário_Completo
Curta a Página no Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/Documentarios.Filmes Twitter: https://twitter.com/DocFilmes Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/documentariosfilmes.
- published: 18 Mar 2013
- views: 1226
- author: Documentários e Filmes
'America Is NOT Broke': Michael Moore Speaks in Madison, WI -- March 5, 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:51
- Updated: 02 Aug 2013
(Video by Riley Moore) "Contrary to what those in power would like you to believe so that you'll give up your pension, cut your wages, and settle for the lif...
http://wn.com/'America_Is_NOT_Broke'_Michael_Moore_Speaks_in_Madison,_WI_-_March_5,_2011
(Video by Riley Moore) "Contrary to what those in power would like you to believe so that you'll give up your pension, cut your wages, and settle for the lif...
- published: 06 Mar 2011
- views: 647477
- author: mmflint
The Alex Jones Show:(VIDEO Commercial Free) Monday July 22 2013: Larry Elder & Ed Asner
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 136:20
- Updated: 09 Aug 2013
Date: 07/22/2013 Race in the media On the July 22 edition of the Alex Jones Show, Alex will continue the discussion on the race war that's being promoted by ...
http://wn.com/The_Alex_Jones_ShowVIDEO_Commercial_Free_Monday_July_22_2013_Larry_Elder_Ed_Asner
Date: 07/22/2013 Race in the media On the July 22 edition of the Alex Jones Show, Alex will continue the discussion on the race war that's being promoted by ...
- published: 22 Jul 2013
- views: 12071
- author: Ron Gibson
Felvilágosodás 4. Michael Moor: Hű de nagy (The big one)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 90:39
- Updated: 03 Aug 2013
Michael Moore körútra indul új könyve, az "Ezt építsd le, avagy egy fegyvertelen amerikai fenyegetései" népszerűsítése kapcsán. Ennek apropóján suttyomban ös...
http://wn.com/Felvilágosodás_4_Michael_Moor_Hű_de_nagy_The_big_one
Michael Moore körútra indul új könyve, az "Ezt építsd le, avagy egy fegyvertelen amerikai fenyegetései" népszerűsítése kapcsán. Ennek apropóján suttyomban ös...
- published: 26 Mar 2012
- views: 10519
- author: miocska
"We Are Destroying The Planet!" Michael Moore On Hurricane Sandy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 31:46
- Updated: 12 Jun 2013
October 31, 2012 CNN http://MOXNews.com.
http://wn.com/We_Are_Destroying_The_Planet!_Michael_Moore_On_Hurricane_Sandy
Riport Michael Moore-al - teljes film
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 35:21
- Updated: 30 Jul 2013
A "Kóla, puska, sültkrumpli" dokumentumfilm bemutatóján készült riport. Ebből a fél órából kiderül, miért forgatta le Michael Moore ezt a díjnyertes, rendkív...
http://wn.com/Riport_Michael_Moore-al_teljes_film
A "Kóla, puska, sültkrumpli" dokumentumfilm bemutatóján készült riport. Ebből a fél órából kiderül, miért forgatta le Michael Moore ezt a díjnyertes, rendkív...
- published: 01 Apr 2013
- views: 1146
- author: Zsolt Havasi
2/2 Panel: f.e. D Ellsberg, C Hedges, M Moore ... LAWSUIT Challenging NDAA Indefinite Detention
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 47:01
- Updated: 07 Aug 2013
Further videos from people speaking at the panel and about topics addressed are available in favourites, play lists on my channels and complementary video re...
http://wn.com/2_2_Panel_fe_D_Ellsberg,_C_Hedges,_M_Moore_LAWSUIT_Challenging_NDAA_Indefinite_Detention
Further videos from people speaking at the panel and about topics addressed are available in favourites, play lists on my channels and complementary video re...
- published: 09 Feb 2013
- views: 1493
- author: GeneratorJun
Sicko (PELÍCULA COMPLETA) Castellano
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 118:07
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
Documental Dirigido por el cineasta y escritor estadounidense Michael Moore donde nos enseña las deficiencias e irregularidades del sistema sanitario de su p...
http://wn.com/Sicko_PELÍCULA_COMPLETA_Castellano
Documental Dirigido por el cineasta y escritor estadounidense Michael Moore donde nos enseña las deficiencias e irregularidades del sistema sanitario de su p...
- published: 11 Nov 2012
- views: 159862
- author: Alejandro Navas Villar
Documental La Corporación ( Gracias - Michael Moore )
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 57:49
- Updated: 05 Aug 2013
http://wn.com/Documental_La_Corporación_Gracias_Michael_Moore_
Kapitalismus Eine Liebesgeschichte - Michael Moore
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 118:01
- Updated: 16 Jul 2013
"Kapitalismus: Eine Liebesgeschichte" ist ein Film des Querulanten und Dokumentarfilmers Michael Moore, der sich diesmal die Hintergründe der Finanzkrise vor...
http://wn.com/Kapitalismus_Eine_Liebesgeschichte_Michael_Moore
"Kapitalismus: Eine Liebesgeschichte" ist ein Film des Querulanten und Dokumentarfilmers Michael Moore, der sich diesmal die Hintergründe der Finanzkrise vor...
- published: 01 Apr 2013
- views: 1276
- author: Dennis Wolle
The Big One- Michael Moore Español 1997 Documental
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 86:51
- Updated: 05 Aug 2013
Documental que con el aire sarcastico de Michael Moore en definitiva nos hace ver que de aquelos barros vienen estos lodos. Muy recomendable.
http://wn.com/The_Big_One_Michael_Moore_Español_1997_Documental
Documental que con el aire sarcastico de Michael Moore en definitiva nos hace ver que de aquelos barros vienen estos lodos. Muy recomendable.
- published: 22 Aug 2012
- views: 15671
- author: jefe indio
Cornel West and Michael Moore- The Beginning is Near Hosted by Esther Armah
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 153:00
- Updated: 12 Aug 2013
Conversation between Cornel West and Michael Moore at Hunter College, CUNY. Hosted by WBAI's Esther Armah and produced by the Brecht Forum (www.brechtforum.o...
http://wn.com/Cornel_West_and_Michael_Moore_The_Beginning_is_Near_Hosted_by_Esther_Armah
Conversation between Cornel West and Michael Moore at Hunter College, CUNY. Hosted by WBAI's Esther Armah and produced by the Brecht Forum (www.brechtforum.o...
- published: 19 Dec 2012
- views: 13731
- author: brechtforum
Michael Moore - Sicko FR intégral
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 118:05
- Updated: 02 Aug 2013
http://wn.com/Michael_Moore_Sicko_FR_intégral
118:29
Fahrenheit 911 - The full length movie-Bush cheated in the 2000 election!.
Douglas Bickford 360-773-1318....
published: 29 May 2011
author: DandD Bickford
Fahrenheit 911 - The full length movie-Bush cheated in the 2000 election!.
Douglas Bickford 360-773-1318.
- published: 29 May 2011
- views: 149410
- author: DandD Bickford
21:39
Michael Moore "Am I Surprised Pelosi Says The Courageous Whistleblower Snowden Should Be Prosecuted
June 20, 2013 Current TV News http://MOXNews.com....
published: 21 Jun 2013
author: MOXNEWSd0tC0M
Michael Moore "Am I Surprised Pelosi Says The Courageous Whistleblower Snowden Should Be Prosecuted
June 20, 2013 Current TV News http://MOXNews.com.
- published: 21 Jun 2013
- views: 7049
- author: MOXNEWSd0tC0M
127:20
Capitalism A Love Story O kapitalismu s laskou 2009 cz titulky1
...
published: 27 Jan 2013
author: Ondrej Pantalek
Capitalism A Love Story O kapitalismu s laskou 2009 cz titulky1
- published: 27 Jan 2013
- views: 50942
- author: Ondrej Pantalek
122:20
Michael Moore - Fahrenheit 9 11 Full Movie with dutch subs.
SEE RANK Fahrenheit 9/11 Michael Moore's view on what happened to the United States after ...
published: 19 Jun 2012
author: fcbbarcacity1
Michael Moore - Fahrenheit 9 11 Full Movie with dutch subs.
SEE RANK Fahrenheit 9/11 Michael Moore's view on what happened to the United States after September 11; and how the Bush Administration allegedly used the tr...
- published: 19 Jun 2012
- views: 121866
- author: fcbbarcacity1
27:14
Michael Moore Wants Parents Of Sandy Hook Massacre To Release Photos Of Their Dead Children
March 19, 2013 CNN http://MOXNews.com....
published: 20 Mar 2013
author: MOXNEWSd0tC0M
Michael Moore Wants Parents Of Sandy Hook Massacre To Release Photos Of Their Dead Children
March 19, 2013 CNN http://MOXNews.com.
- published: 20 Mar 2013
- views: 54639
- author: MOXNEWSd0tC0M
99:22
Michael Moore's Slacker Uprising
Aka "Captain Mike Across America", this documentary charts Michael Moore's 60-city tour of...
published: 07 Apr 2013
author: JayArgonaut
Michael Moore's Slacker Uprising
Aka "Captain Mike Across America", this documentary charts Michael Moore's 60-city tour of college campuses and other venues during the 2004 election in an e...
- published: 07 Apr 2013
- views: 4626
- author: JayArgonaut
38:58
Michael Moore "Guns Don't Kill People... Americans Kill People"
July 24, 2012 CNN http://MOXNews.com....
published: 25 Jul 2012
author: MOXNEWSd0tC0M
Michael Moore "Guns Don't Kill People... Americans Kill People"
July 24, 2012 CNN http://MOXNews.com.
- published: 25 Jul 2012
- views: 46985
- author: MOXNEWSd0tC0M
32:17
Anti-Constitution Advocate Michael Moore & Piers Morgan Are Pissed Assault Weapons Ban Was Dropped
SUBSCRIBE TODAY →: http://www.youtube.com/user/MrCensorMe3/videos Aired March ,2013 FAIR U...
published: 02 Apr 2013
author: MrCensorMe3
Anti-Constitution Advocate Michael Moore & Piers Morgan Are Pissed Assault Weapons Ban Was Dropped
SUBSCRIBE TODAY →: http://www.youtube.com/user/MrCensorMe3/videos Aired March ,2013 FAIR USE NOTICE: These Videos may contain copyrighted (© ) material the u...
- published: 02 Apr 2013
- views: 1143
- author: MrCensorMe3
123:13
SICKO - SOS Saude - Michael Moore completo legendado
Mais um bom documentário de Michael Moore, depois de Fahrenheit 9/11 e Tiros em Columbine,...
published: 22 Oct 2012
author: Denner Barros
SICKO - SOS Saude - Michael Moore completo legendado
Mais um bom documentário de Michael Moore, depois de Fahrenheit 9/11 e Tiros em Columbine, SICKO SOS Saúde destaca o sistema de saúde americano, empresas de ...
- published: 22 Oct 2012
- views: 84739
- author: Denner Barros
25:40
MICHAEL MOORE IS FED UP!
December 12, 2012 Current TV News http://MOXNews.com....
published: 13 Dec 2012
author: MOXNEWSd0tC0M
MICHAEL MOORE IS FED UP!
December 12, 2012 Current TV News http://MOXNews.com.
- published: 13 Dec 2012
- views: 9846
- author: MOXNEWSd0tC0M
114:39
Tiros em Columbine - por Michael Moore - Documentário Completo
Curta a Página no Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/Documentarios.Filmes Twitter: https://...
published: 18 Mar 2013
author: Documentários e Filmes
Tiros em Columbine - por Michael Moore - Documentário Completo
Curta a Página no Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/Documentarios.Filmes Twitter: https://twitter.com/DocFilmes Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/documentariosfilmes.
- published: 18 Mar 2013
- views: 1226
- author: Documentários e Filmes
29:51
'America Is NOT Broke': Michael Moore Speaks in Madison, WI -- March 5, 2011
(Video by Riley Moore) "Contrary to what those in power would like you to believe so that ...
published: 06 Mar 2011
author: mmflint
'America Is NOT Broke': Michael Moore Speaks in Madison, WI -- March 5, 2011
(Video by Riley Moore) "Contrary to what those in power would like you to believe so that you'll give up your pension, cut your wages, and settle for the lif...
- published: 06 Mar 2011
- views: 647477
- author: mmflint
136:20
The Alex Jones Show:(VIDEO Commercial Free) Monday July 22 2013: Larry Elder & Ed Asner
Date: 07/22/2013 Race in the media On the July 22 edition of the Alex Jones Show, Alex wil...
published: 22 Jul 2013
author: Ron Gibson
The Alex Jones Show:(VIDEO Commercial Free) Monday July 22 2013: Larry Elder & Ed Asner
Date: 07/22/2013 Race in the media On the July 22 edition of the Alex Jones Show, Alex will continue the discussion on the race war that's being promoted by ...
- published: 22 Jul 2013
- views: 12071
- author: Ron Gibson
90:39
Felvilágosodás 4. Michael Moor: Hű de nagy (The big one)
Michael Moore körútra indul új könyve, az "Ezt építsd le, avagy egy fegyvertelen amerikai ...
published: 26 Mar 2012
author: miocska
Felvilágosodás 4. Michael Moor: Hű de nagy (The big one)
Michael Moore körútra indul új könyve, az "Ezt építsd le, avagy egy fegyvertelen amerikai fenyegetései" népszerűsítése kapcsán. Ennek apropóján suttyomban ös...
- published: 26 Mar 2012
- views: 10519
- author: miocska
Youtube results:
31:46
"We Are Destroying The Planet!" Michael Moore On Hurricane Sandy
October 31, 2012 CNN http://MOXNews.com....
published: 01 Nov 2012
author: wwwMOXNEWScom
"We Are Destroying The Planet!" Michael Moore On Hurricane Sandy
October 31, 2012 CNN http://MOXNews.com.
- published: 01 Nov 2012
- views: 5876
- author: wwwMOXNEWScom
35:21
Riport Michael Moore-al - teljes film
A "Kóla, puska, sültkrumpli" dokumentumfilm bemutatóján készült riport. Ebből a fél órából...
published: 01 Apr 2013
author: Zsolt Havasi
Riport Michael Moore-al - teljes film
A "Kóla, puska, sültkrumpli" dokumentumfilm bemutatóján készült riport. Ebből a fél órából kiderül, miért forgatta le Michael Moore ezt a díjnyertes, rendkív...
- published: 01 Apr 2013
- views: 1146
- author: Zsolt Havasi
47:01
2/2 Panel: f.e. D Ellsberg, C Hedges, M Moore ... LAWSUIT Challenging NDAA Indefinite Detention
Further videos from people speaking at the panel and about topics addressed are available ...
published: 09 Feb 2013
author: GeneratorJun
2/2 Panel: f.e. D Ellsberg, C Hedges, M Moore ... LAWSUIT Challenging NDAA Indefinite Detention
Further videos from people speaking at the panel and about topics addressed are available in favourites, play lists on my channels and complementary video re...
- published: 09 Feb 2013
- views: 1493
- author: GeneratorJun
118:07
Sicko (PELÍCULA COMPLETA) Castellano
Documental Dirigido por el cineasta y escritor estadounidense Michael Moore donde nos ense...
published: 11 Nov 2012
author: Alejandro Navas Villar
Sicko (PELÍCULA COMPLETA) Castellano
Documental Dirigido por el cineasta y escritor estadounidense Michael Moore donde nos enseña las deficiencias e irregularidades del sistema sanitario de su p...
- published: 11 Nov 2012
- views: 159862
- author: Alejandro Navas Villar
photo: Creative Commons / PH1 (NAO) Chris Desmond, USN
14 Aug 2013
NEW DELHI -- Indian naval divers on Wednesday afternoon opened the main hatchway of a stricken, Russian-made Indian submarine that caught fire, blew up and sank at dock earlier in the day in one of the worst naval accidents in Indian history. But visibility for the divers within the sunken boat was almost zero, and rescue and recovery operations for the 18 missing crew members was expected to take time ... Adm. D. K ... Defense Minister A. K ... ....(size: 7.6Kb)
photo: AP / Mohammed Abu Zeid
15 Aug 2013
Members of the Muslim Brotherhood and supporters of ousted Egyptian President Mohamed Mursi flee from tear gas and rubber bullets fired by riot police during clashes in Cairo. Photo. Reuters. TV cameraman shot dead The world is watching 'Serious blow' to peace efforts. Nasr City, Cairo ... "Does this look like democracy to you?" Mohamed Kamel asked as he treated scores of wounded in a field hospital ... Photo. AP ... Photo. AP ... Photo. AP ... Photo ... ....(size: 9.4Kb)
photo: AP / Charles Dharapak
15 Aug 2013
The US has cancelled a biennial military exercise with Egypt after the Egyptian government's deadly crackdown on protesters in Cairo this week ... 123 Source.. Al Jazeera. ....(size: 0.9Kb)
photo: AP / Hussein Tallal
14 Aug 2013
Egypt has declared a state of emergency after clashes broke out across the country following a deadly bid to clear two protest camps in Cairo. Security forces moved on the two areas where Muslim Brotherhood supporters of outsted president Mohammed Morsi were holding sit-ins. Estimates of the dead varied wildly, from an official 56 by the government to hundreds claimed by the protesters ... Protesters have demanded his reinstatement ... new ... ....(size: 6.5Kb)
photo: AP / Kin Cheung
16 Aug 2013
VOA News. A prominent U.S. newspaper says it has obtained a National Security Agency internal audit and other top secret documents, showing that the agency "has broken privacy rules or overstepped its legal authority, thousands of times" each year since Congress granted the agency broad new powers in 2008 ... e-mails and telephone calls ... ....(size: 3.3Kb)
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CNBC
16 Aug 2013
Norway's market share of salmon exports to China has plummeted from 92 percent in 2010 to just 29 percent in the first half of this year ... This is a difficult political situation between Norway and China, and not something that can be solved by the industry," Alf-Helge Aarskog, chief executive of Marine Harvest, one of the country's biggest salmon farmers, told a Norwegian newspaper ... How Norway could become a victim of its own success)....(size: 3.5Kb)
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noodls
16 Aug 2013
(Source. Government of Norway). On 14 June the Norwegian parliament (Stortinget) adopted the white paper "Competency for a new era", Meld. St ... This noodl was issued by Government of Norway and was initially posted at www.regjeringen.no....(size: 1.2Kb)
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noodls
16 Aug 2013
Pierre Mårtensson has been appointed as new President of Eniro Norway and will be a member of the Eniro AB Group Management. He assumes his position with immediate effect and thereby succeeds Mattias Wedar, who has been serving as acting President of Eniro Norway ... Pierre Mårtensson is half-Norwegian and currently lives in Norway with his Norwegian family ... Pierre Mårtensson, CEO Eniro Norway Tel....(size: 3.0Kb)
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noodls
16 Aug 2013
(Source. Government of Norway). "I am deeply concerned over the difficult working conditions for humanitarian workers in Somalia, and the security risks for those seeking to access aid ... Somalis has been suffering from armed conflict for more than two decades ... distributed by. This noodl was issued by Government of Norway and was initially posted at www.regjeringen.no ... (noodl. 19736868) ....(size: 1.7Kb)
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Business Wire
16 Aug 2013
Pierre Mårtensson has been appointed as new President of Eniro Norway (STO.ENRO) and will be a member of the Eniro AB Group Management. He assumes his position with immediate effect and thereby succeeds Mattias Wedar, who has been serving as acting President of Eniro Norway ... Pierre Mårtensson is half-Norwegian and currently lives in Norway with his Norwegian family ... CEO Eniro Norway....(size: 6.1Kb)
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noodls
16 Aug 2013
(Source. SSB - Statistics Norway) Increase in deposits from employees. Norwegian employees, social security recipients and students' deposits in Norwegian banks amounted to NOK 902 billion at the end of June ... Balance sheet, selected figures ... At the end of June, the number of bank deposits exceeding NOK 2 million by employees in Norway was 46 700 ... This noodl was issued by SSB - Statistics Norway and was initially posted at www.ssb.no....(size: 2.8Kb)
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noodls
16 Aug 2013
(Source. SSB - Statistics Norway). 92477. statistikk. 2013-08-16T10.00.00.000Z. Transport and tourism;Prices and price indices. en. kilt, Cost index for road goods transport, lorry types, fuel costs, tyre costs, insurance costs, ferry costs, road tollsProducer and wholesale price indices, Land transport , Prices and price indices, Transport and tourism ... This noodl was issued by SSB - Statistics Norway and was initially posted at www.ssb.no....(size: 2.0Kb)
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noodls
16 Aug 2013
(Source. SSB - Statistics Norway) ... Net migration from abroad was 8 200 as a result of about 16 100 in-migrations and 7 900 out- migrations ... Almost 16 000 births ... Of those with foreign citizenship who in-migrated to Norway, Poles continued to make up the largest group, with 2 300 in-migrations ... distributed by. This noodl was issued by SSB - Statistics Norway and was initially posted at www.ssb.no ... (noodl. 19739623) ....(size: 4.0Kb)
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Norway Today
16 Aug 2013
The population increased by 14 100 persons in the 2nd quarter of 2013, to nearly 5 078 000 on 1 July,, Vimeo ... Nearly 15 700 persons were born in the 2nd quarter and 9 800 persons died ... Of those with foreign citizenship who in-migrated to Norway, Poles continued to make up the largest group, with 2 300 in-migrations ... . Source. SSB / Norway Today / Photo Norway Today Media Back to News Home . ....(size: 3.5Kb)
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The Irish Times
16 Aug 2013
For most of its history, members of the European Solheim Cup team have come from only three places. England, Scotland and Sweden ... By 2002, two players from Spain and one each from France, Denmark and Norway made the European roster. Grew stronger ... This week, the European team will include three players from Spain, two from England, two from Sweden and one each from Scotland, France, Germany, Italy and Norway ... Suzann Pettersen (Norway)....(size: 3.5Kb)
For other uses, see Norway (disambiguation).
| Kingdom of Norway | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||
| Motto: Royal: Alt for Norge ("Everything for Norway") 1814 Eidsvoll oath: Enig og tro til Dovre faller ("United and loyal until the mountains of Dovre crumble") |
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| Anthem: Ja, vi elsker dette landet (de facto) ("Yes, we love this country")  Royal anthem: Kongesangen ("The King's Song") |
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![Location of Norway (dark green)[Legend]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130816173449/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Norway_(orthographic_projection).svg) Location of Norway (dark green)
[Legend] |
||||||
| Capital (and largest city) |
Oslo 59°56′N 10°41′E / 59.933°N 10.683°E / 59.933; 10.683 |
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| Official language(s) | Norwegian (Bokmål and Nynorsk) |
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| Recognised regional languages | Northern Sami, Lule Sami, Kven and Southern Sami | |||||
| Ethnic groups | 86.2% Norwegians[1] 2% Sami[2] 11.8% other[1] |
|||||
| Demonym | Norwegian | |||||
| Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | |||||
| - | King | King Harald V | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Jens Stoltenberg (AP) | ||||
| - | President of the Storting | Dag Terje Andersen (AP) | ||||
| - | Chief Justice | Tore Schei | ||||
| - | Current coalition | Red-Green Coalition | ||||
| Legislature | Storting | |||||
| Establishment | ||||||
| - | Unification | 872 | ||||
| - | Constitution | 17 May 1814 | ||||
| - | Dissolution of union with Sweden | 7 June 1905 | ||||
| - | Restoration from German occupation | 8 May 1945 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 385,252 km2 (61st1) 148,746 sq mi |
||||
| - | Water (%) | 7.03 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2012 census | 5 009 150[3] | ||||
| - | Density | 15.5/km2 (213th) 35/sq mi |
||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $265.911 billion[4] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $53,470[4] | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $483.650 billion[4] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $97,254[4] | ||||
| Gini (2000) | 25.8 (low) (5th) | |||||
| HDI (2011) |  0.943[5] (very high) (1st) |
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| Currency | Norwegian krone (NOK) |
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| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||||
| Date formats | dd.mm.yyyy | |||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | NO | |||||
| Internet TLD | .no2 | |||||
| Calling code | 47 | |||||
| 1 | Includes Svalbard and Jan Mayen. (Without these two areas, the area of Norway is 323,802 km2, placing it 67th in the world.[6]) | |||||
| 2 | Two more TLDs have been assigned, but to date not used: .sj for Svalbard and Jan Mayen; .bv for Bouvet Island. | |||||
| 3 | This percentage is for the mainland and also includes glaciers[7] | |||||
Norway 
i/ˈnɔrweɪ/ (Norwegian: 
Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and the subantarctic Bouvet Island.[note 1] Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of about 5 million.[9] It is the second least densely populated country in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; in its south Norway borders the Skagerrak Strait across from Denmark. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
Two centuries of Viking raids tapered off following the adoption of Christianity by King Olav Tryggvason in 994. A period of civil war ended in the 13th century when Norway expanded its control overseas to parts of the British Isles, Iceland, and Greenland. Norwegian territorial power peaked in 1265, but competition from the Hanseatic League and the spread of the Black Death weakened the country. In 1380, Norway was absorbed into a union with Denmark that lasted more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians resisted the cession of their country to Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Sweden then invaded Norway but agreed to let Norway keep its constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Although Norway remained neutral in World War I, it suffered heavy losses to its shipping. Norway proclaimed its neutrality at the outset of World War II, but was nonetheless occupied for five years by the Third Reich. In 1949, neutrality was abandoned and Norway became a founding member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU. Key domestic issues include immigration and integration of ethnic minorities, maintaining the country's extensive social safety net with an aging population, and preserving economic competitiveness.[2][10]
Norway is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy, with King Harald V as its head of state and Jens Stoltenberg as its prime minister. It is a unitary state with administrative subdivisions on two levels known as counties (fylke) and municipalities (kommuner). The Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act. Although having rejected European Union membership in two referenda, Norway maintains close ties with the union and its member countries, as well as with the United States. Norway remains one of the biggest financial contributors to the United Nations,[11] and participates with UN forces in international missions, notably in Afghanistan, Kosovo, Sudan and Libya. Norway is a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, the Council of Europe, and the Nordic Council; a member of the European Economic Area, the WTO, and the OECD; and is also a part of Schengen Area.
Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, fresh water, and hydropower. The country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world. On a per-capita basis, it is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside the Middle East,[12][13] and the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product.[14] The country maintains a Nordic welfare model with universal health care, subsidized higher education, and a comprehensive social security system. From 2001 to 2006,[15] and then again from 2009 through 2011, Norway has had the highest human development index ranking in the world.[16][17] In 2011, Norway also ranked the highest on the Democracy Index.[18]
Contents |
Etymology[link]
Modern etymologists believe the country's name means "the northward route" (the "way north" or the "north way"), which in Old Norse would have been nor veg or *norð vegr. The Old Norse name for Norway was Nóregr, the Anglo-Saxon Norþ weg and mediaeval Latin Northvegia. The present name of the Kingdom of Norway in Bokmål is "Kongeriket Norge" and in Nynorsk "Kongeriket Noreg", both only a couple of letters removed from the original "northern way": Nor(d)-(v)e.g.
History[link]
Main articles: History of Norway and History of Scandinavia
Prehistory[link]
Main article: Scandinavian prehistory
The first inhabitants were the Ahrensburg culture (11th to 10th millennia BC) which was a late Upper Paleolithic culture during the Younger Dryas, the last spell of cold at the end of the Weichsel glaciation. The culture is named after village of Ahrensburg, 25 km (15.53 mi) northeast of Hamburg in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein where wooden arrow shafts and clubs have been excavated.[19] The earliest traces of human occupation in Norway are found along the coast, where the huge ice shelf of the last ice age first melted between 11,000 and 8,000 BC. The oldest finds are stone tools dating from 9,500 to 6,000 BC, discovered in Finnmark (Komsa culture) in the north and Rogaland (Fosna culture) in the southwest. However, theories about two altogether different cultures (the Komsa culture north of the Arctic Circle being one and the Fosna culture from Trøndelag to Oslo Fjord being the other) were rendered obsolete in the 1970s. More recent finds along the entire coast revealed to archaeologists that the difference between the two can simply be ascribed to different types of tools and not to different cultures. Coastal fauna provided a means of livelihood for fishermen and hunters, who may have made their way along the southern coast about 10,000 BC when the interior was still covered with ice. It is now thought that these so-called “Arctic” peoples came from the south and followed the coast northward considerably later. Some may have come along the ice-free coast of the Kola Peninsula, but the evidence of this is still poor.
In the southern part of the country are dwelling sites dating from about 5,000 BC. Finds from these sites give a clearer idea of the life of the hunting and fishing peoples. The implements vary in shape and mostly are made of different kinds of stone; those of later periods are more skillfully made. Rock carvings (i. e. petroglyphs) have been found, usually near hunting and fishing grounds. They represent game such as deer, reindeer, elk, bears, birds, seals, whales, and fish (especially salmon and halibut), all of which were vital to the way of life of the coastal peoples. The carvings at Alta in Finnmark, the largest in Scandinavia, were made at sea level continuously from 4,200 to 500 BC and mark the progression of the land as it rose from the sea after the last ice age (Rock carvings at Alta).
Bronze Age[link]
Main article: Nordic Bronze Age
Between 3000 and 2500 BC new settlers (Corded Ware culture) arrived in eastern Norway. They were Indo-European farmers who grew grain and kept cows and sheep. The hunting-fishing population of the west coast was also gradually replaced by farmers, though hunting and fishing remained useful secondary means of livelihood.
From about 1500 BC bronze was gradually introduced, but the use of stone implements continued; Norway had few riches to barter for bronze goods, and the few finds consist mostly of elaborate weapons and brooches that only chieftains could afford. Huge burial cairns built close to the sea as far north as Harstad and also inland in the south are characteristic of this period. The motifs of the rock carvings differ from those typical of the Stone Age. Representations of the Sun, animals, trees, weapons, ships, and people are all strongly stylized, probably as fertility symbols connected with the religious ideas of the period.
Iron Age[link]
Main article: Pre-Roman Iron Age
Little has been found dating from the early Iron Age (the last 500 years BC). The dead were cremated, and their graves contain few burial goods. During the first four centuries AD the people of Norway were in contact with Roman-occupied Gaul. About 70 Roman bronze cauldrons, often used as burial urns, have been found. Contact with the civilized countries farther south brought a knowledge of runes; the oldest known Norwegian runic inscription dates from the 3rd century. At this time the amount of settled area in the country increased, a development that can be traced by coordinated studies of topography, archaeology, and place-names. The oldest root names, such as nes, vik, and bø (“cape,” “bay,” and “farm”), are of great antiquity, dating perhaps from the Bronze Age, whereas the earliest of the groups of compound names with the suffixes vin (“meadow”) or heim (“settlement”), as in Bjorgvin (Bergen) or Saeheim (Seim), usually date from the 1st century AD.
Migration Age[link]
Main article: Migration Age
The destruction of the Western Roman Empire by the Germanic tribes (5th century) is characterized by rich finds, including chieftains’ graves containing magnificent weapons and gold objects. Hill forts were built on precipitous rocks for defense. Excavation has revealed stone foundations of farmhouses 60 to 90 feet (18 to 27 metres) long—one even 150 feet (46 metres) long—the roofs of which were supported on wooden posts. These houses were family homesteads where several generations lived together, with people and cattle under one roof. From this period and later (600–800), nascent communities can be traced. Defense works require cooperation and leadership, so petty states of some kind with a defense and administrative organization must have existed.
These states were based on either clans or tribes (e.g., the Horder of Hordaland in western Norway). By the 9th century each of these small states had things, or tings (local or regional assemblies), for negotiating and settling disputes. The thing meeting places, each eventually with a horg (open-air sanctuary) or a hov (temple; literally “hill”), were usually situated on the oldest and best farms, which belonged to the chieftains and wealthiest farmers. The regional things united to form even larger units: assemblies of deputy yeomen from several regions. In this way, the lagting (assemblies for negotiations and lawmaking) developed. The Gulating had its meeting place by Sognefjord and may have been the centre of an aristocratic confederation along the western fjords and islands called the Gulatingslag. The Frostating was the assembly for the leaders in the Trondheimsfjord area; the earls Jarls of Lade, near Trondheim, seem to have enlarged the Frostatingslag by adding the coastland from Romsdalsfjord to the Lofoten Islands. A lagting developed in the area of Lake Mjøsa in the east and eventually established its meeting place at Eidsvoll, becoming known as the Eidsivating. The area around Oslofjord, although at times closely tied to Denmark, developed a lagting—with its meeting place at Sarpsborg called the Borgarting.
Viking Age[link]
Main article: Viking Age
The Viking Age was characterized by expansion and emigration by Viking seafarers. According to tradition, Harald Fairhair (Harald Hårfagre) unified them into one in 872 after the Battle of Hafrsfjord in Stavanger, thus becoming the first king of a united Norway. (The date of 872 may be somewhat arbitrary. In fact, the actual date may be just prior to 900).[20] Harald's realm was mainly a South Norwegian coastal state. Harald Fairhair ruled with a strong hand and, according to the sagas, many Norwegians left the country to live in Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and parts of Britain and Ireland. The modern-day Irish cities of Dublin, Limerick, and Waterford were founded by Norwegian (and Danish) settlers.[21] Norse traditions were slowly replaced by Christian ones in the 10th and 11th Centuries. This is largely attributed to the missionary kings Olav Tryggvasson and St. Olav. Haakon the Good was Norway's first Christian king, in the mid-10th century, though his attempt to introduce the religion was rejected. Born sometime in between 963–969, Olav Tryggvasson set off raiding in England with 390 ships. He attacked London during this raiding. Arriving back in Norway in 995, Olav landed in Moster.[22] There he built a church which became the first Christian church ever built in Norway.[22] From Moster, Olav sailed north to Trondheim were he was acclaimed King of Norway by the Eyrathing in 995.[22]
Feudalism never really developed in Norway and Sweden, as it did in the rest of Europe.[23] However, the administration of government took on a very conservative feudal character.[23] The Hanseatic League forced the royalty to cede to them greater and greater concessions over foreign trade and the economy.[23] The League had this hold over the royalty because of the loans the Hansa had made to the royalty and the large debt the kings were carrying.[23] The League's monopolistic control over the economy of Norway put pressure on all classes, especially the peasantry, to the degree that no real burgher class existed in Norway.[23]
Kalmar Union[link]
Main article: Kalmar Union
Upon the death of Haakon V, King of Norway, in 1319, three year-old Magnus Erikson inherited the throne as King Magnus VII of Norway.[24] At the same time a movement to make Magnus King of Sweden proved successful.[24] (At this time both the kings of Sweden and of Denmark were elected to the throne by their respective nobles.)[24] Thus, with his election to the throne of Sweden, both Sweden and Norway were united under King Magnus VII.[24]
In 1349, the Black Death radically altered Norway, killing between 50% and 60% of its population[25] and leaving it in a period of social and economic decline.[26] The plague left Norway very poor.[27] Although the death rate was comparable with the rest of Europe, economic recovery took much longer because of the small, scattered population.[26] Before the plague, total population was only about 500,000 people.[28] After the plague, many farms lay idle while the population slowly increased.[26] The few surviving farms' tenants found their bargaining positions with their landlords greatly strengthened.[26]
King Magnus VII ruled Norway until 1350, when his son, Haakon, was placed on the throne as Haakon VI.[29] In 1363, Haakon VI married Margaret, the daughter of King Valdemar IV of Denmark.[26] Upon the death of Haakon VI, in 1379, his son, Olaf IV, was only 10 years-old.[26] Olaf had already been elected to the throne of Denmark on May 3, 1376.[26] Thus, upon Olaf's ascension to the throne of Norway, Denmark and Norway entered personal union.[30] Olaf's mother and Haakon's widow, Queen Margaret, managed the foreign affairs of Denmark and Norway during the minority of Olaf IV.[26]
Margaret was working toward a union of Sweden with Denmark and Norway by having Olaf elected to the Swedish throne. She was on the verge of achieving this goal when Olaf IV suddenly died.[26] However, Denmark made Margaret temporary ruler upon the death of Olaf. On February 2, 1388, Norway followed suit and crowned Margaret.[26]
Queen Margaret knew that her power would be more secure if she were able to find a king to rule in her place. She settled on Eric of Pomerania, grandson of her sister. Thus at an all-Scandinavian meeting held at Kalmar, Erik of Pomerania was crowned king of all three Scandinavian countries. Thus, royal politics resulted in personal unions between the Nordic countries, eventually bringing the thrones of Norway, Denmark, and Sweden under the control of Queen Margaret when the country entered into the Kalmar Union.
Union with Denmark[link]
Main article: Denmark–Norway
After Sweden broke out of the Kalmar Union in 1521, Norway remained with Denmark until 1814, a total of 436 years. During the national romanticism of the 19th century, this period was by some referred to as the "400-Year Night", since all of the kingdom's royal, intellectual, and administrative power was centred in Copenhagen in Denmark. With the introduction of Protestantism in 1536, the archbishopric in Trondheim was dissolved, and Norway effectually became a tributary to Denmark, and the church's incomes were distributed to the court in Copenhagen instead. Norway lost the steady stream of pilgrims to the relics of St. Olav at the Nidaros shrine, and with them, much of the contact with cultural and economic life in the rest of Europe. Additionally, Norway saw its land area decrease in the 17th century with the loss of the provinces Båhuslen, Jemtland, and Herjedalen to Sweden, as a result of numerous wars between Denmark–Norway and Sweden. To the north, however, its territory was increased by the acquisition of the northern provinces of Troms and Finnmark, at the expense of Sweden and Russia.
The famine of 1695–96 killed roughly 10% of Norway's population.[31] At least nine severe harvest failures were recorded in the Scandinavian countries between 1740 and 1800, each resulting in a substantial rise of the death rate.[32]
Union with Sweden (19th century)[link]
Main article: Union between Sweden and Norway
After Denmark–Norway was attacked by the United Kingdom at the Battle of Copenhagen, it entered into an alliance with Napoleon, with the war leading to dire conditions and mass starvation in 1812. As the Danish kingdom found itself on the losing side in 1814, it was forced, under terms of the Treaty of Kiel, to cede Norway to the king of Sweden, while the old Norwegian provinces of Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands remained with the Danish crown.[33]
Norway took this opportunity to declare independence, adopted a constitution based on American and French models, and elected the Crown prince of Denmark and Norway, Christian Frederick, as king on 17 May 1814. This is the famous Syttende Mai (Seventeenth of May) holiday celebrated by Norwegians and Norwegian-Americans alike. Syttende Mai is also called Norwegian Constitution Day.
Norwegian opposition to the great powers' decision to link Norway with Sweden caused the Norwegian-Swedish War to break out as Sweden tried to subdue Norway by military means. As Sweden's military was not strong enough to defeat the Norwegian forces outright and Norway's treasury was not large enough to support a protracted war, and as British and Russian navies blockaded the Norwegian coast,[34] the belligerents were forced to negotiate the Convention of Moss. According to the terms of the convention, Christian Frederik abdicated the Norwegian throne and authorized the Parliament of Norway to make the necessary constitutional amendments to allow for the personal union that Norway was forced to accept. On November 4, 1814, the Parliament (Storting) elected Charles XIII of Sweden as king of Norway, thereby establishing the union with Sweden.[35] Under this arrangement, Norway kept its liberal constitution and its own independent institutions, except for the foreign service. Following the recession caused by the Napoleonic Wars, economic development of Norway remained slow until economic growth began around 1830.[36]
This period also saw the rise of the Norwegian romantic nationalism, as Norwegians sought to define and express a distinct national character. The movement covered all branches of culture, including literature (Henrik Wergeland [1808–1845], Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson [1832–1910], Peter Christen Asbjørnsen [1812–1845], Jørgen Moe [1813–1882]), painting (Hans Gude [1825–1903], Adolph Tidemand [1814–1876]), music (Edvard Grieg [1843–1907]), and even language policy, where attempts to define a native written language for Norway led to today's two official written forms for Norwegian: Bokmål and Nynorsk.
King Charles III John, who came to the throne of Norway and Sweden in 1818, was the second king following Norway's break from Denmark and the union with Sweden. Charles John was a complex man whose long reign extended to 1844. He protected the constitution and liberties of Norway and Sweden during the age of Metternich. As such, he was regarded as a liberal monarch for that age. However, he was ruthless in his use of paid informers, the secret police and restrictions on the freedom of the press to put down public movements for reform—especially the Norwegian national independence movement.[37]
The Romantic Era that followed the reign of King Charles III John brought some significant social and political reforms. In 1854, women were given the right to inherit property in their own right just like men.[38] In 1863, the last trace of keeping unmarried women in the status of minors was removed.[38] Furthermore, women were then eligible for different occupations, particularly the common school teacher.[38] However, by mid-century, Norway was still far from a "democracy". Voting was limited to officials, property owners, leaseholders, and burghers of incorporated towns.[39] There was some dissatisfaction with this backwardness.
Still Norway remained a conservative society. Life in Norway (especially economic life) was "dominated by the aristocracy of professional men who filled most of the important posts in the central government."[40] There was no strong bourgeosie class in Norway to demand a breakdown of this aristocratic control of the economy.[41] Thus, even while revolution swept over most of the countries of Europe in 1848, Norway was largely unaffected by revolts that year. Most revolts broke themselves on the granite conservativism of the Norwegian society.[41] Indeed, the Thrane movement was the only "revolt" that broke out in Norway in 1848.
Marcus Thrane was a Utopian socialist.[42] He made his appeal to the labouring classes urging a change of social structure "from below upwards."[42] In 1848, he organized a labour society in Drammen. In just a few months this society had a membership of 500 and the society was publishing its own newspaper.[42] Within two years 300 societies had been organized all over Norway with a total membership of 20,000 persons.[42] The membership was drawn from the lower classes of both the town and country.[42] For the first time these two groups felt they had common cause with each other.[42] In the end, the revolt was easily crushed, Thrane was captured and sentenced to three years in jail for crimes against the safety of the state. Upon his release from jail, after serving his sentence, Marcus Thrane migrated to the United States of America.
In 1898, all men were granted universal suffrage, followed by all women in 1913.
Independence[link]
Christian Michelsen, a shipping magnate and statesman, Prime Minister of Norway from 1905 to 1907, played a central role in the peaceful separation of Norway from Sweden on 7 June 1905. After a national referendum confirmed the people's preference for a monarchy over a republic, the Norwegian government offered the throne of Norway to Prince Carl of Denmark, and Parliament unanimously elected him king, the first king of a fully independent Norway in 586 years. He took the name of Haakon VII, after the mediæval kings of independent Norway.
World War I and II[link]
See also: Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany and Free Norwegian Forces
During World War I, Norway was a neutral country. In reality, however, Norway had been pressured by the United Kingdom to hand over increasingly large parts of its massive merchant fleet to the UK at low rates, as well as to join the trade blockade against Germany.[citation needed] Norwegian merchant marine ships with Norwegian sailors were then required to sail under the British flag and risk being sunk by German submarines.[43] Thus, many Norwegian sailors and ships were lost.[43] Thereafter, the world ranking of the Norwegian merchant marine fell from fourth place in the world to sixth place in the world.[43]
Norway also proclaimed its neutrality during World War II, but Norway was invaded by German forces on 9 April 1940. Norway was unprepared for the German surprise attack (see: Battle of Drøbak Sound, Norwegian Campaign, and Invasion of Norway), but military and naval resistance lasted for two months. The armed forces in the north launched an offensive against the German forces in the Battles of Narvik, until they were forced to surrender on June 10 after losing British help diverted to France during the German Invasion of France.
King Haakon and the Norwegian government escaped to Rotherhithe, London, England, and they supported the fight through inspirational radio speeches from London and by supporting clandestine military actions in Norway against the Nazis. On the day of the invasion, the collaborative leader of the small National-Socialist party Nasjonal Samling, Vidkun Quisling, tried to seize power but was forced by the German occupiers to step aside. Real power was wielded by the leader of the German occupation authority, Reichskommissar Josef Terboven. Quisling, as minister president, later formed a collaborationist government under German control. Up to 15,000 Norwegians volunteered to fight in German units, including the Waffen-SS.[44]
There were also many Norwegians, and those of Norwegian descent, who joined the Allied forces as well as the Free Norwegian Forces. From the small group that had left Norway in June 1940 consisting of 13 ships, five aircraft and 500 men from the Royal Norwegian Navy who followed the King to the United Kingdom the force had grown by the end of the war to 58 ships and 7,500 men in service in the Norwegian Navy; 5 squadrons of aircraft (including Spitfires, Sunderland flying boats and Mosquitos) in the newly formed Norwegian Air Force; and land forces including the Norwegian Independent Company 1 and 5 Troop as well as No. 10 Commandos.
During the five years of Nazi occupation, Norwegians built a resistance movement which fought the German occupation forces with both civil disobedience and armed resistance including the destruction of Norsk Hydro's heavy water plant and stockpile of heavy water at Vemork, which crippled the German nuclear program (see: Norwegian heavy water sabotage). More important to the Allied war effort, however, was the role of the Norwegian Merchant Marine. At the time of the invasion, Norway had the fourth largest merchant marine fleet in the world. It was led by the Norwegian shipping company Nortraship under the Allies throughout the war and took part in every war operation from the evacuation of Dunkirk to the Normandy landings. Each December Norway gives a Christmas tree to the United Kingdom as thanks for the British assistance during World War II. A ceremony takes place to erect the tree in London's famous Trafalgar Square.[45]
Post-war history[link]
From 1945 to 1962, the Labour Party held an absolute majority in the parliament. The government, led by prime minister Einar Gerhardsen, embarked on a program inspired by Keynesian economics, emphasizing state financed industrialization, cooperation between trade unions and employers' organizations. Many measures of state control of the economy imposed during the war were continued, although the rationing of dairy products was lifted in 1949, while price control and rationing of housing and cars continued as long as until 1960.
The wartime alliance with the United Kingdom and the United States was continued in the post-war years. Although pursuing the goal of a socialist economy, the Labour Party distanced itself from the communists (especially after Soviet seizure of power in Czechoslovakia in 1948), and strengthened its foreign policy and defence policy ties with the U.S. Norway received Marshall Plan aid from the United States starting in 1947, joined the OEEC one year later and became a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949.
Around 1975, both the proportion and absolute number of workers in industry peaked. Since then labour intensive industries and services like factory mass production and shipping have largely been outsourced.
In 1969, the Phillips Petroleum Company discovered petroleum resources at the Ekofisk field west of Norway. In 1973, the Norwegian government founded the State oil company, Statoil. Oil production did not provide net income until the early 1980s because of the large capital investment that was required to establish the country's petroleum industry.
Norway was a founding member of the European Free Trade Area (EFTA). Two referendums on joining the European Union failed by narrow margins in 1972 and 1994. In 1981, a Conservative government led by Kåre Willoch replaced the Labour Party with a policy of stimulating the stagflated economy with tax cuts, economic liberalization, deregulation of markets, and measures to curb the record-high inflation (13.6% in 1981).
Norway's first female prime minister, Gro Harlem Brundtland of the Labour party, continued many of the reforms of her right-wing predecessor, while backing traditional Labour concerns such as social security, high taxes, the industrialization of nature, and feminism. By the late 1990s, Norway had paid off its foreign debt and had started accumulating a sovereign wealth fund. Since the 1990s, a divisive question in politics has been how much of the income from petroleum production the government should spend, and how much it should save.
In 2011 Norway suffered a pair of devastating attacks conducted by Anders Behring Breivik which struck the government quarter in Oslo and a summer camp of the Labour party's youth movement at Utøya island, resulting in 77 deaths and 96 wounded.
Geography[link]
Main articles: Geography of Norway and Geology of Norway
Norway comprises the western part of Scandinavia in Northern Europe. The rugged coastline, broken by huge fjords and thousands of islands, stretches 25,000 kilometres (16,000 mi) and 83,000 kilometres (52,000 mi) including fjords and islands. Norway shares a 1,619-kilometre (1,006 mi) land border with Sweden, 727 kilometres (452 mi) with Finland and 196 kilometres (122 mi) with Russia at the east. To the north, west and south, Norway is bordered by the Barents Sea, the Norwegian Sea, the North Sea and Skagerrak.[46]
At 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) (including Svalbard and Jan Mayen), (and 323,802 square kilometres (125,021 sq mi) without) much of the country is dominated by mountainous or high terrain, with a great variety of natural features caused by prehistoric glaciers and varied topography. The most noticeable of these are the fjords: deep grooves cut into the land flooded by the sea following the end of the Ice Age. The longest is Sognefjorden at 204 kilometres (127 mi). Sognefjorden is the world's second deepest fjord, and the world's longest. Hornindalsvatnet is the deepest lake in all Europe.[47] Frozen ground all year can be found in the higher mountain areas and in the interior of Finnmark county. Numerous glaciers are found in Norway.
Norway lies between latitudes 57° and 81° N, and longitudes 4° and 32° E.
The land is mostly made of hard granite and gneiss rock, but slate, sandstone and limestone are also common, and the lowest elevations contain marine deposits. Because of the Gulf Stream and prevailing westerlies, Norway experiences higher temperatures and more precipitation than expected at such northern latitudes, especially along the coast. The mainland experiences four distinct seasons, with colder winters and less precipitation inland. The northernmost part has a mostly maritime Subarctic climate, while Svalbard has an Arctic tundra climate.
Because of the large latitudinal range of the country and the varied topography and climate, Norway has a larger number of different habitats than almost any other European country. There are approximately 60,000 species in Norway and adjacent waters (excluding bacteria and virus). The Norwegian Shelf large marine ecosystem is considered highly productive.[48]
Climate[link]
The southern and western parts of Norway experience more precipitation and have milder winters than the southeastern part. The lowlands around Oslo have the warmest and sunniest summers but also cold weather and snow in wintertime (especially inland).
Because of Norway's high latitude, there are large seasonal variations in daylight. From late May to late July, the sun never completely descends beneath the horizon in areas north of the Arctic Circle (hence Norway's description as the "Land of the Midnight Sun"), and the rest of the country experiences up to 20 hours of daylight per day. Conversely, from late November to late January, the sun never rises above the horizon in the north, and daylight hours are very short in the rest of the country.
Biodiversity[link]
The total number of species include 16,000 species of insects (probably 4,000 more species yet to be described), 20,000 species of algae, 1,800 species of lichen, 1,050 species of mosses, 2,800 species of vascular plants, up to 7,000 species of fungi, 450 species of birds (250 species nesting in Norway), 90 species of mammals, 45 fresh-water species of fish, 150 salt-water species of fish, 1,000 species of fresh-water invertebrates and 3,500 species of salt-water invertebrates.[49] About 40,000 of these species have been described by science. The red list of 2010 encompasses 4,599 species.[50]
Seventeen species are listed mainly because they are endangered on a global scale, such as the European beaver, even if the population in Norway is not seen as endangered. The number of threatened and near-threatened species equals to 3,682; it includes 418 fungi species, many of which are closely associated with the small remaining areas of old-growth forests,[51] 36 bird species, and 16 species of mammals. As of 2010, 2,398 species were listed as endangered or vulnerable; of these are 1250 listed as vulnerable (VU), 871 as endangered (EN), and 276 species as critically endangered (CR), among these are the gray wolf, the Arctic fox (healthy population on Svalbard) and the pool frog.[50]
The largest predator in Norwegian waters is the sperm whale, and the largest fish is the basking shark. The largest predator on land is the polar bear, while the brown bear is the largest predator on the Norwegian mainland, where the common moose (also known as the "European Elk") is the largest animal.
Environment[link]
Stunning and dramatic scenery and landscape is found throughout Norway. The west coast of southern Norway and the coast of northern Norway present some of the most visually impressive coastal sceneries in the world. National Geographic has listed the Norwegian fjords as the world's top tourist attraction.[52] The 2012 Environmental Performance Index put Norway in third place, based on the environmental performance of the country's policies.
-
Feigefossen, Sogn og Fjordane
-
Muskox in the low alpine tundra at Dovrefjell
-
Some of the larger islands along the coastline of northern Norway
Politics[link]
Main article: Politics of Norway
See also: Norwegian parliamentary election, 2009
According to the Constitution of Norway, which was adopted on 16 May 1814[53] and inspired by the United States Declaration of Independence and French Revolution of 1776 and 1789, respectively, Norway is a unitary constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government, wherein the King of Norway is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. Power is separated between the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government, as defined by the Constitution, which serves as the country's supreme legal document.
The Monarch officially retains executive power, however, following the introduction of a parliamentary system of government, the duties of the Monarch have since become strictly representative and ceremonial,[54] such as the formal appointment and dismissal of the Prime Minister and other ministers in the executive government. Accordingly, the Monarch is commander-in-chief of the Norwegian armed forces, supreme authority in the Church of Norway, and serves as chief diplomatic official abroad and a symbol of unity.
In practice, it is the Prime Minister who is responsible for the exercise of executive powers. Since his accession in 1991, Harald V of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg has been King of Norway, the first since the 14th century who has actually been born in the country.[55] Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway is the legal and rightful heir to the throne and the Kingdom.
Constitutionally, legislative power is vested with both the government and the Parliament of Norway, but the latter is the supreme legislature and a unicameral body.[56] A proposition can become a law or an act by simple majority amongst the 150 representatives, who are elected on the basis of proportional representation from 19 constituencies for four-year terms. An additional 19 seats ("levelling seats") are allocated on a nationwide basis to make the representation in parliament correspond better with the popular vote.
As a result, there are currently 169 Members of Parliament altogether. There is also a 4% election threshold to gain levelling seats in Parliament.[57] As such, Norway is fundamentally structured as a representative democracy. Effectively called the Stortinget, meaning Grand Assembly, members of Parliament ratify treaties and can impeach members of the government if their acts are declared unconstitutional, and as such have the power to remove them from office in case of an impeachment trial.
The position of Prime Minister, Norway's head of government, is allocated to the Member of Parliament who can obtain the confidence of a majority in Parliament, usually the current leader of the largest political party or more effectively through a coalition of parties, as a single party normally does not have the support to form a government on its own. However, Norway has often been ruled by minority governments.
The Prime Minister nominates the Cabinet, traditionally drawn from members of the same political party in the Storting, to which they are responsible, and as such forms the executive government and exercises power vested to them by the Constitution.[58] In order to form a government, however, more than half the membership of the Cabinet is required to belong to the Church of Norway. Currently, this means at least ten out of the 19 ministries. This has sparked controversy regarding an ongoing debate of separation of church and state in Norway. The current Prime Minister is Jens Stoltenberg, the leader of the Norwegian Labour Party (AP).
Through the Council of State, a privy council presided over by the Monarch, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet meet at the Royal Palace and formally consult the Monarch. Besides enacting parliamentary bills, all government bills need the formal approval by the Monarch before and after introduction to Parliament. Approval is also given by the Council to all of the Monarch's actions as head of state. Although all government and parliamentary acts are decided beforehand, the privy council is an example of another symbolic gesture the King obtains.[55]
Members of the Storting are directly elected from party-lists proportional representation in nineteen plural-member constituencies in a national multi-party system.[59] Historically, both the Norwegian Labour Party and Conservative Party have played leading political roles, while the former has remained in power since the 2005 election, in a Red-Green Coalition with the Socialist Left Party and the Centre Party.[60]
Since then, both the Conservative Party and the Progress Party have won great amount of seats in the Parliament, however, as of the 2009 general election, not sufficient enough to overthrow the coalition. This has been the result of poor cooperation between the opposition parties, including the Liberal Party and the Christian Democratic Party. As such, Jens Stoltenberg, the leader of the Labour Party, remains Prime Minister of Norway with the necessary majority attributed to the alliance with the Socialist Left and Centre parties.[61]
Administrative divisions[link]
Main articles: Administrative divisions of Norway, Counties of Norway, Municipalities of Norway, List of towns and cities in Norway, and Dependencies of Norway
Norway, a unitary state, is divided into nineteen first-level administrative counties (fylker). The counties are administrated through directly elected county assemblies who elect the County Governor. Additionally, the King and government are represented in every county by a fylkesmann, who effectively acts as a Governor.[62] As such, the Government is directly represented at a local level through the County Governors’ offices. The counties are then sub-divided into 430 second-level municipalities (kommuner), which in turn are administrated by directly elected municipal council, headed by a mayor and a small executive cabinet. The capital of Oslo is considered both a county and a municipality. Norway also has two integral overseas territories, Jan Mayen and Svalbard. There are three Antarctic and Subantarctic dependencies: Bouvet Island, Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land.
In addition, there are 96 settlements with city status in Norway. In most cases, the city borders are coterminous with the borders of their respective municipalities. Often, Norwegian city municipalities include large non-built up areas; for example, Oslo municipality contains large forests, located north and southeast of the city, and over half of Bergen municipality consists of mountainous areas.[63]
The counties of Norway are:
| County (fylke) | Administrative centre | Most populous municipality |
|---|---|---|
 Østfold |
Sarpsborg | Fredrikstad |
 Akershus |
Oslo | Bærum |
 Oslo |
City of Oslo | Oslo |
 Hedmark |
Hamar | Ringsaker |
 Oppland |
Lillehammer | Gjøvik |
 Buskerud |
Drammen | Drammen |
 Vestfold |
Tønsberg | Sandefjord |
 Telemark |
Skien | Skien |
 Aust-Agder |
Arendal | Arendal |
 Vest-Agder |
Kristiansand | Kristiansand |
 Rogaland |
Stavanger | Stavanger |
 Hordaland |
Bergen | Bergen |
 Sogn og Fjordane |
Leikanger | Førde |
 Møre og Romsdal |
Molde | Ålesund |
 Sør-Trøndelag |
Trondheim | Trondheim |
 Nord-Trøndelag |
Steinkjer | Stjørdal |
 Nordland |
Bodø | Bodø |
 Troms |
Tromsø | Tromsø |
 Finnmark |
Vadsø | Alta |
Judicial system and law enforcement[link]
Norway uses a civil law system where laws are created and amended in Parliament and the system regulated through the Courts of Justice of Norway. It consists of the Supreme Court of 19 permanent judges and a Chief Justice, appellate courts, city and district courts, and conciliation councils.[64] The judiciary is independent of executive and legislative branches. While the Prime Minister nominates Supreme Court Justices for office, their nomination must be approved by Parliament and formally confirmed by the Monarch in the Council of State. Usually, judges attached to regular courts are formally appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister.
The Courts' strict and formal mission is to regulate the Norwegian judicial system, interpret the Constitution, and as such implement the legislation adopted by Parliament and monitor the legislative and executive powers to ensure that they themselves comply with the acts of legislation that have been previously adopted.[64]
Law enforcement in Norway is carried out by the Norwegian Police Service. The Norwegian Police Service is a Unified National Police Service made up of 27 Police Districts and several specialist agencies like Økokrim and Kripos, each headed by a Chief of Police. The Police Service is headed by the National Police Directorate, which in turn is subordinate to the Ministry of Justice and the Police, the Police Directorate is headed by a National Police Commissioner. The only exception is the Norwegian Police Security Agency who answers directly to the Ministry of Justice and the Police.
In its 2007 Worldwide Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders ranked Norway at a shared 1st place (with Iceland) out of 169 countries.[65] The death penalty was abolished in Norway in 1902. Death penalty for high treason in war and war-crimes was also abolished in 1979.
Foreign relations[link]
Main article: Foreign relations of Norway
See also: Norway and the European Union and Whaling in Norway
Norway maintains embassies in 86 countries.[66] 60 countries maintain an embassy in Norway, all of them in the capital, Oslo.
Norway is a founding member of the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Council of Europe and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Scandinavia has traditionally been considered more reluctant in relation to the process of European integration than other European countries. Norway did however follow suit when neighbouring Nordic countries issued applications for accession to the European Union (EU) in 1962, 1967 and 1992, respectively. While Denmark, Sweden and Finland obtained membership, the treaties of accession which had been negotiated were rejected by the Norwegian electorate in 1972 and 1994. After the failed 1994 referendum, Norway maintained its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA), an arrangement which had been seen as a prerequisite for countries about to accede to the EU in 1995. This continues to grant the country access to the internal market of the Union, on the condition that Norway implements those of the Union's pieces of legislation which are deemed relevant to the internal market (counting approximately seven thousand as of 2010)[67] Successive Norwegian governments have, since 1994, requested Norway's participation in parts of the EU's cooperation which go beyond the provisions of the EEA agreement. Non-voting participation by Norway has been granted in for instance the Union's Common Security and Defence Policy, the Schengen Agreement, the European Defence Agency as well as 19 separate programmes.[68]
Norway has been considered a notable participant in international development, having been involved in the 1990s brokering which lead to the ill-fated Oslo Accords regarding the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
Military[link]
Main article: Norwegian Armed Forces
The Norwegian Armed Forces currently numbers about 23,000 personnel, including civilian employees. According to the current (as of 2009) mobilization plans, the strength during full mobilization is approximately 83,000 combatant personnel. Norway has conscription for males (6–12 months of training) and voluntary service for females.[69] The Armed Forces are subordinate to the Norwegian Ministry of Defence and the Commander-in-Chief is[citation needed] King Harald V. The military of Norway is divided into the following branches: the Army, the Royal Navy, the Royal Air Force and the Home Guard.
Partly due to Norway's inability to maintain its traditional policy of neutrality in World War II (joining the Allied war effort after being invaded by Nazi Germany in April 1940), the country was one of the founding nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on 4 April 1949. At present, Norway contributes in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan.[70] Additionally, Norway has contributed in several missions in contexts of the United Nations, NATO, and the Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union.
Economy[link]
Norwegians enjoy the second highest GDP per-capita (after Luxembourg) and fourth highest GDP (PPP) per-capita in the world. Today, Norway ranks as the second wealthiest country in the world in monetary value, with the largest capital reserve per capita of any nation.[citation needed] According to the CIA World Factbook, Norway is a net external creditor of debt.[2] Norway maintained first place in the world in the UNDP Human Development Index (HDI) for six consecutive years (2001–2006),[5] and then reclaimed this position in 2009 and 2010.[16] Cost of living is about 90% higher in Norway than in the United States and 50% higher than the United Kingdom.[citation needed] The standard of living in Norway is among the highest in the world. Foreign Policy Magazine ranks Norway last in its Failed States Index for 2009, judging Norway to be the world's most well-functioning and stable country. Continued oil and gas exports coupled with a healthy economy and substantial accumulated wealth lead to a conclusion that Norway will remain among the richest countries in the world in the foreseeable future.
The Norwegian economy is an example of a mixed economy, a prosperous capitalist welfare state featuring a combination of free market activity and large state ownership in certain key sectors. The Norwegian welfare state makes public health care free (above a certain level), and parents have 46 weeks paid[71] parental leave. The income that the state receives from natural resources includes a significant contribution from petroleum production and the substantial and carefully managed income related to this sector. Norway has a very low unemployment rate, currently 3.1%.[72] 30% of the labour force are employed by the government, the highest in the OECD.[73] 22% are on welfare and 13% are too disabled to work, the highest proportions in the world.[74] The hourly productivity levels, as well as average hourly wages in Norway are among the highest in the world.[citation needed] The egalitarian values of the Norwegian society ensure that the wage difference between the lowest paid worker and the CEO of most companies is much smaller than in comparable western economies.[citation needed] This is also evident in Norway's low Gini coefficient. The state has large ownership positions in key industrial sectors, such as the strategic petroleum sector (Statoil and Aker Solutions), hydroelectric energy production (Statkraft), aluminium production (Norsk Hydro), the largest Norwegian bank (DnB NOR), and telecommunication provider (Telenor). Through these big companies, the government controls approximately 30% of the stock values at the Oslo Stock Exchange. When non-listed companies are included, the state has even higher share in ownership (mainly from direct oil license ownership). Norway is a major shipping nation and has the world's 6th largest merchant fleet, with 1,412 Norwegian-owned merchant vessels.
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Referendums in 1972 and 1994 indicated that the Norwegian people wished to remain outside the European Union (EU). However, Norway, together with Iceland and Liechtenstein, participates in the European Union's single market via the European Economic Area (EEA) agreement. The EEA Treaty between the European Union countries and the EFTA countries– transposed into Norwegian law via "EØS-loven"[75]– describes the procedures for implementing European Union rules in Norway and the other EFTA countries. This makes Norway a highly integrated member of most sectors of the EU internal market. However, some sectors, such as agriculture, oil and fish, are not wholly covered by the EEA Treaty. Norway has also acceded to the Schengen Agreement and several other intergovernmental agreements between the EU member states.
The country is richly endowed with natural resources including petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals. Large reserves of petroleum and natural gas were discovered in the 1960s, which led to a boom in the economy. Norway has obtained one of the highest standards of living in the world in part by having a large amount of natural resources compared to the size of the population. In 2011, 28% of state revenues were generated from the petroleum industry.[76]
Resources[link]
Export revenues from oil and gas have risen to 45% of total exports and constitute more than 20% of the GDP.[77] Norway is the fifth largest oil exporter and third largest gas exporter in the world, but it is not a member of OPEC. To reduce overheating in the economy from oil revenues and minimize uncertainty from volatility in oil price, and to provide a cushion for the effect of aging of the population, the Norwegian government in 1995 established the sovereign wealth fund ("Government Pension Fund — Global"), which would be funded with oil revenues, including taxes, dividends, sales revenues and licensing fees.
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The government controls its petroleum resources through a combination of state ownership in major operators in the oil fields (with approximately 62% ownership in Statoil in 2007) and the fully state-owned Petoro, which has a market value of about twice Statoil, and SDFI. Finally, the government controls licensing of exploration and production of fields. The fund invests in developed financial markets outside Norway. The budgetary rule ("Handlingsregelen") is to spend no more than 4% of the fund each year (assumed to be the normal yield from the fund).
As of March 2011, the Government Pension Fund of Norway controlled assets valued at is approximately US$570 billion (equal to US$114,000 per capita) which is about 140% of Norway's current GDP. Currently it is the second-largest state-owned sovereign wealth fund, second only to the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority; Conservative estimates tell that the fund may reach US$800–900 billion by 2017. Projections indicate that the Norwegian pension fund may become the largest capital fund in the world[citation needed]. The fund controls approximately 1.25% of all listed shares in Europe and more than 1% of all the publicly traded shares in the world[citation needed]. The Norwegian Central Bank operates investment offices in London, New York and Shanghai. Guidelines implemented in 2007 allow the fund to invest up to 60% of the capital in shares (maximum of 40% prior), while the rest may be placed in bonds and real-estate. As the stock markets tumbled in September 2008, the fund was able to buy more shares at low prices. In this way, the losses incurred by the market turmoil was recuperated by November 2009.
Other natural resource-based economies, such as Russia, are trying to learn from Norway by establishing similar funds. The investment choices of the Norwegian fund are directed by ethical guidelines; for example, the fund is not allowed to invest in companies that produce parts for nuclear weapons. The highly transparent investment scheme is lauded by the international community.
The future size of the fund is of course closely linked to the price of oil and to developments in international financial markets. The Norwegian trade surplus for 2008 reached approximately US$80 billion. With an enormous amount of cash invested in international financial markets, Norway has financial muscles to avert many of the worst effects of the financial crisis that hit most countries in the fall of 2008. As most western countries struggle with burgeoning foreign debt, Norway remains a nation of stowed-away wealth, financial stability and economic power to meet the challenges of the worldwide economic crisis. In spite of the crisis, Norway still runs a 9% state budget surplus, being the only western country to run a surplus as of July 2009.
In 2000, the government sold one-third of the state-owned oil company Statoil in an IPO. The next year, the main telecom supplier, Telenor, was listed on Oslo Stock Exchange. The state also owns significant shares of Norway's largest bank, DnB NOR and the airline SAS. Since 2000, economic growth has been rapid, pushing unemployment down to levels not seen since the early 1980s (unemployment in 2007: 1.3%). The international financial crisis has primarily affected the industrial sector, but unemployment has remained low and is at 3.3% (86 000 people) in August 2011. Norway is among the least affected countries of the international economic downturn. Neighbouring Sweden is experiencing substantially higher actual and projected unemployment numbers as a result of the ongoing recession, and in the 1st quarter of 2009 the GNP of Norway surpassed Sweden's for the first time in history, despite a population numbering about half of Sweden's.
Norway is also the world's second largest exporter of fish (in value, after China)[78] and the 6th largest arms exporter in the world.[79][80] Hydroelectric plants generate roughly 98–99% of Norway's electric power.[81]
Transport[link]
Due to the low population density, narrow shape and long coastlines, public transport in Norway is less developed than in many European countries, especially outside the cities. As such, Norway has old water transport traditions, but the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications has in recent years implemented rail, road and air transport through numerous subsidiaries in order to develop the country's infrastructure.[82] Most recently there has been discussion of the possibility of creating a new high-speed rail system between the nation's largest cities.[83][84]
Norway's main railway network consists of 4,114 kilometres (2,556 mi) of standard gauge lines, of which 242 kilometres (150 mi) is double track and 64 kilometres (40 mi) high-speed rail (210 km/h) while 62% is electrified at 15 kV 16⅔ Hz AC. The railways transported 56,827,000 passengers 2,956 million passenger kilometres and 24,783,000 tonnes of cargo 3,414 million tonne kilometres.[85] The entire network is owned by the Norwegian National Rail Administration,[86] while all domestic passenger trains except the Airport Express Train are operated by Norges Statsbaner (NSB).[87] Several companies operate freight trains.[88]
Investment in new infrastructure and maintenance is financed through the state budget,[86] and subsidies are provided for passenger train operations.[89] NSB operates long-haul trains, including night trains, regional services and four commuter train systems, around Oslo, Trondheim, Bergen and Stavanger.[90]
There are approximately 92,946 kilometres (57,754 mi) of road network in Norway, of which 72,033 kilometres (44,759 mi) are paved and 664 kilometres (413 mi) are motorway.[91] There are four tiers of road routes; national, county, municipal and private, with only the national roads numbered en route. The most important national routes are part of the European route scheme, and the two most prominent are the E6 going north-south through the entire country, while E39 follows the West Coast. National and county roads are managed by the Norwegian Public Roads Administration.[92]
Of the 97 airports in Norway,[91] 52 are public,[93] and 46 are operated by the state-owned Avinor.[94] Seven airports have more than one million passengers annually.[93] 41,089,675 passengers passed through Norwegian airports in 2007, of which 13,397,458 were international.[93]
The central gateway by air to Norway is Oslo Airport, Gardermoen,[93] located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Oslo with departures to most European countries and some intercontinental destinations.[95][96] It is hub for the two major Norwegian airlines Scandinavian Airlines System[97] and Norwegian Air Shuttle,[98] and for regional aircraft from Western Norway.[99]
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Norway
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1500 | 140,000 | — |
| 1665 | 440,000 | +214.3% |
| 1735 | 616,109 | +40.0% |
| 1801 | 883,603 | +43.4% |
| 1855 | 1,490,047 | +68.6% |
| 1900 | 2,240,032 | +50.3% |
| 1950 | 3,278,546 | +46.4% |
| 2000 | 4,478,497 | +36.6% |
| 2010 | 4,858,199 | +8.5% |
| 2012 | 4,985,870 | +2.6% |
| 2060? | 7,032,687 | +41.1% |
| Source: Statistics Norway.[100][101] | ||
Norway's population numbers roughly 4.9 million.[9] Most of the population are Norwegians, a North Germanic people.
The Sami people traditionally inhabit central and northern parts of Norway and Sweden, as well as in northern Finland and in Russia on the Kola Peninsula. Another national minority are the Kven people who are the descendants of Finnish speaking people that moved to northern Norway in the 18th up to the 20th century. Both the Sami and the Kven were subjected to a strong assimilation policy by the Norwegian government from the 19th century up to the 1970s.[102] Because of this "Norwegianization process", many families of Sami or Kven ancestry now self-identify as ethnic Norwegian.[103]
Other groups recognized as national minorities of Norway are Jews, Forest Finns, and Norwegian Romani Travellers (a branch of the Romani people, not to be confused with non-recognized Indigenous Norwegian Travellers[citation needed]).
Urbanization[link]
|
Largest cities or towns of Norway According to Statistics Norway |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City name | County | Pop. | Rank | City name | County | Pop. | ||
 Oslo |
1 | Oslo | Oslo | 906,681 | 11 | Ålesund | Møre og Romsdal | 47,772 |  Stavanger/Sandnes |
| 2 | Bergen | Hordaland | 235,046 | 12 | Haugesund | Rogaland | 43,913 | ||
| 3 | Stavanger/Sandnes | Rogaland | 197,852 | 13 | Moss | Østfold | 42,781 | ||
| 4 | Trondheim | Sør-Trøndelag | 164,953 | 14 | Sandefjord | Vestfold | 41,811 | ||
| 5 | Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg | Østfold | 104,382 | 15 | Bodø | Nordland | 37,834 | ||
| 6 | Drammen | Buskerud | 100,303 | 16 | Arendal | Aust-Agder | 33,303 | ||
| 7 | Porsgrunn/Skien | Telemark | 88,335 | 17 | Hamar | Hedmark | 30,565 | ||
| 8 | Kristiansand | Vest-Agder | 69,380 | 18 | Larvik | Vestfold | 24,252 | ||
| 9 | Tromsø | Troms | 56,466 | 19 | Halden | Østfold | 23,711 | ||
| 10 | Tønsberg | Vestfold | 48,350 | 20 | Lillehammer | Oppland | 20,673 | ||
Migration[link]
Emigration[link]
Main article: Norwegian American
There are almost 4.7 million Norwegian Americans according to the 2006 U.S. census.[104] The number of Americans of Norwegian descent living in the U.S. today is roughly equal to the current population of Norway. In the 2006 Canadian census, 432,515 Canadian citizens claimed Norwegian ancestry.[105]
Immigration[link]
Main article: Immigration to Norway
In recent years, immigration has accounted for most of Norway's population growth. According to Statistics Norway (SSB), a record 61,200 immigrants arrived in the country in 2007, an increase of 35% from 2006. At the beginning of 2010, there were 552,313 people in Norway of some immigrant background (including those born of immigrant parents), comprising 11.4% of the total population. 210,725 were from Western countries (Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) and 341,588 were from other countries. The largest immigrant groups by country of origin, in order of size, are Poles, Swedes, Pakistanis, Iraqis, Somalis, Germans, Vietnamese, and Danes.[106]
Pakistani Norwegians are the largest non-European minority group in Norway, and most of their 31,000 members live around Oslo. The Iraqi immigrant population has increased significantly in recent years. After the enlargement of the EU in 2004, there has also been an influx of immigrants from Central and Eastern Europe, particularly Poland. The large 2007 immigrant group was primarily from Poland, Germany, Sweden, Lithuania and Russia.[107][108]
In 2011 there were approximately 600,900 people of some non-Norwegian background residing in Norway, or 12.2% of the total population. In 2010, the immigrant community grew by 57,000, which accounted for 90% of Norway's population growth; some 27% of newborn children were of immigrant background.[1] The policies of immigration and integration are subjected to major controversy in Norway. These statistics indicate that Norway's population is now 82.0% ethnic Norwegian, a figure that has steadily decreased since the late 20th century. Some 12.2% of the population is of solely immigrant background, while 5.7% of the population is of mixed Norwegian-foreign ancestry. People of other European ethnicity are 5.8% of the total, while Asians (including Pakistanis, Iraqis, and Turks) are 4.3%, Africans 1.5%, and others 0.6%.
| Ethnicity | Population[109] | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Norwegians | 4,305,886[note 2] | 86.2% |
| Swedes | 78,830 | 1.6% |
| Poles | 65,294 | 1.3% |
| Danes | 53,630 | 1.0% |
| Germans | 40,847 | 0.8% |
| British | 36,312 | 0.7% |
| Pakistanis | 35,722 | 0.7% |
Rindal and Beiarn municipalities have the highest percentage of Norwegians, 99.5% and 99.1%, respectively.
Religion[link]
Main article: Religion in Norway
Norwegians are registered at baptism as members of the Church of Norway; many remain in the state church to be able to use services such as baptism, confirmation, marriage and burial, rites which have strong cultural standing in Norway. About 79.2%[110] of Norwegians were members of the Church of Norway as of January 1, 2010. However, only 20% of Norwegians say that religion occupies an important place in their life (according to a Gallup poll in 2009), the fourth-lowest such percentage in the world (only Estonia, Sweden and Denmark are lower).[111] In the early 1990s, it was estimated that between 4.7% – 5.3% of Norwegians attended church on a weekly basis.[112] This figure has dropped to about 2% – the lowest such percentage in Europe – according to 2009 and 2010 data[113][114]
There are, by November 2011, about 98,000 registered Catholics in Norway.[115] But there are also lots of Catholics who aren't registered with their personal identification number; the real number is probably about 230,000 Catholics, 70% of whom were born abroad.[116][117]
Annuario Pontificio 2011 use a number of 229,652 Catholics. That constitutes about 5% of the population, making Norway the most Catholic country in Northern Europe.[118]
In 2010, 10% of the population was religiously unaffiliated, while another 9% (431 000 people), were members of religious and life stance communities outside the Church of Norway.[119] Other Christian denominations total about 4.9%[119] of the population, the largest of which is the Catholic Church, with 83,000 members.[120] Others include Pentecostals (39,600),[120] the Evangelical Lutheran Free Church of Norway (19,600),[120] Methodists (11,000),[120] Baptists (9,900),[120] Orthodox (9,900)[120] Brunstad Christian Church (6,800),[120] Adventists (5,100),[120] Assyrians and Chaldeans, and others. The Swedish, Finnish and Icelandic Lutheran congregations in Norway have about 27,500 members in total.[120] Other religions comprise less than 1% each, including 4,000 members in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and 12,000 Jehovah's Witnesses.[120]
Among non-Christian religions, Islam is the largest with the population of 106,735.[121] It is practiced mainly by Somali, Arab, Albanian, and Turkish immigrants, as well as Norwegians of Pakistani descent. Other religions comprise less than 1% each, including 819 adherents of Judaism.[122] Indian immigrants introduced Hinduism to Norway, which in 2011 has slightly more than 5,900 adherents, or 1% of non-Lutheran Norwegians.[122] Sikhism has approximately 3,000 adherents with most living in Oslo, with two Gurdwaras; Gurdwara Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji and Gurdwara Sikh Sangat. Sikhs first came to Norway in the early 1970s. The troubles in Punjab after Operation Bluestar and the genocide of Sikhs after the assassination of Indira Gandhi led to an increase of Sikhs moving to Norway. Drammen also has a sizeable population of Sikhs with the largest Gurdwara in north Europe completed in Lier. There are eleven Buddhist organizations, grouped under the Buddhistforbundet organization, with slightly over 14,000 members,[122] which make up 0.2% of the population. The Baha'i religion has slightly more than 1,000 adherents.[122][122] Around 1.7% (84,500) of Norwegians adhere to the secular Norwegian Humanist Association.
From 2006 to 2011, the fastest-growing religious faith in Norway was Orthodox Christianity, which grew in membership by 80.0%; however, its share of the total population remains small, at 0.20%. One of the reasons is huge immigration from Eritrea and Ethiopia and to a lesser extent from Eastern European and Middle Eastern countries. Other fast-growing religions were the Roman Catholic Church (78.7%), Hinduism (59.6%), Islam (48.1%), and Buddhism (46.7%).[123]
Like other Scandinavian countries, the Norse followed a form of native Germanic paganism known as Norse paganism. By the end of the 11th century, when Norway had been Christianized, the indigenous Norse religion and practices were prohibited. Remnants of the native religion and beliefs of Norway survive today in the form of names, referential names of cities and locations, the days of the week, and other parts of the everyday language. Modern interest in the old ways has led to a revival of the pagan religious practices in the form of Asatru. The Norwegian Åsatrufellesskapet Bifrost formed in 1996; as of 2011, the fellowship has about 300 members. Foreningen Forn Sed formed in 1999 and has been recognized by the Norwegian government as a religious organization.
The Sami minority retained their shamanistic religion well into the 18th century when most of them were converted to Christianity by Dano-Norwegian missionaries. Today there is an increasing interest in the Sami way of life, which has led to a revival of Noaidevuohta (Sami Shamanism).[124] There are also reports of Norwegian and Sami celebrities visiting Shamans for guidance.[125] [126]Although the majority of Sami people are Lutheran, there are some who managed to retain their ancient religion.[127]
According to the Eurobarometer Poll 2005, at that time 32% of Norwegian citizens responded that "they believe there is a god".[128] A study conducted three years previously by Gustafsson and Pettersson (2002), similarly found that 72% of Norwegians did not believe in a 'personal God.'[129]
| Religion (as of 2011)[121] | Members | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Christianity | 4,115,675 | 83.6% |
| Lutheranism | 3,911,622 | 79.4% |
| Roman Catholicism | 83,018 | 1.6% |
| Pentecostalism | 39,599 | 0.8% |
| Jehovah's Witnesses | 11,739 | 0.2% |
| Methodism | 11,055 | 0.2% |
| Baptists | 9,922 | 0.2% |
| Orthodox Christianity | 9,894 | 0.2% |
| Seventh-day Adventist Church | 5,066 | 0.1% |
| Other Christianity | 33,760 | 0.6% |
| Non-Christian religions | 133,219 | 2.7% |
| Islam | 106,735 | 2.1% |
| Buddhism | 14,580 | 0.2% |
| Hinduism | 5,858 | 0.1% |
| Sikhism | 2,975 | 0.06% |
| Bahá'í Faith | 1,064 | 0.02% |
| Judaism | 819 | 0.01% |
| Other religions | 1,188 | 0.02% |
| Non-religious and unknown | 671,411 | 13.6% |
| Humanism | 84,481 | 1.7% |
| Total | 4,920,305 | 100.0% |
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Norway
Higher education in Norway is offered by a range of seven universities, five specialized colleges, 25 university colleges as well as a range of private colleges. Education follows the Bologna Process involving Bachelor (3 years), Master (2 years) and PhD (3 years) degrees.[130] Acceptance is offered after finishing upper secondary school with general study competence.
Public education is virtually free, regardless of nationality,[131] with an academic year with two semesters, from August to December and from January to June. The ultimate responsibility for the education lies with the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research.
Languages[link]
Main article: Languages of Norway
See also: Norwegian language and Sami languages
The North Germanic Norwegian language has two official written forms, Bokmål and Nynorsk. Both of them are recognized as official languages, in that they are both used in public administration, in schools, churches, and media, and Bokmål is the written language used by the vast majority of about 80–85%. Around 95% of the population speak Norwegian as their native language, although many speak dialects that may differ significantly from the written language. In general, most Norwegian dialects are inter-intelligible, although some may require significant efforts on the part of a listener to understand. Several Uralic Sami languages are spoken and written throughout the country, especially in the north, by the Sami people. Speakers have a right to get education in Sami language no matter where they are living and receive communication from the government in various Sami languages. The Kven minority speak the Uralic Kven language/Finnish. There is advocacy for making Norwegian Sign Language an official Norwegian language.
In the 19th and 20th century, Norwegian language was subject to strong political and cultural controversy, which led to the creation of Nynorsk in the 19th century and to the formation of alternative spelling standards in the 20th century, notably the Riksmål standard, which is more conservative (that is, more similar to Danish) than Bokmål.
Norwegian is similar to the other languages in Scandinavia, Swedish and Danish. All three languages are mutually intelligible and can be, and commonly are, employed in communication between inhabitants of the Scandinavian countries. As a result of the cooperation within the Nordic Council, inhabitants of all Nordic countries, including Iceland and Finland, have the right to communicate with the Norwegian authorities in their own language.
Any Norwegian student who is a child of immigrant parents is encouraged to learn the Norwegian language. The Norwegian government offers language instructional courses for immigrants wishing to obtain Norwegian citizenship. From 1 September 2008, an applicant for Norwegian citizenship must also give evidence of proficiency in either the Norwegian or Sami language or give proof of having attended classes in Norwegian for 300 hours, or meet the language requirements for university studies in Norway (which is met by being proficient in one of the Scandinavian languages).
The main foreign language taught in Norwegian elementary school is English. The majority of the population are fluent in English, especially those born after World War II. German, French and Spanish are also commonly taught as a second or, more often, third language. Russian, Japanese, Italian, Latin and rarely Chinese (Mandarin) are available in some schools, mostly in the cities. Traditionally, English, German and French were considered the main foreign languages in Norway. These languages, for instance, had been used on Norwegian passports until the 1990s, and university students have a general right to use these languages when submitting their theses.
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of Norway
The unique Norwegian farm culture, sustained to this day, has resulted not only from scarce resources and a harsh climate but also from ancient property laws. In the 18th century, it brought about a strong romantic nationalistic movement, which is still visible in the Norwegian language and media. In the 19th century, Norwegian culture blossomed as efforts continued to achieve an independent identity in the areas of literature, art and music. This continues today in the performing arts and as a result of government support for exhibitions, cultural projects and artwork.[132]
Norway has been, in many regards, an early adopter of women's rights, minority rights, and LGBT rights.[133] For example, in 1990 Norway was the first country to recognize the ILO-convention 169 on indigenous people, and in 1913 became one of the first countries to grant women universal suffrage (without conditions on civil status). It was also the first independent nation to allow women to run for elected office.
In regard to LGBT rights, Norway was the first country in the world to enact an anti-discrimination law protecting the rights of gays and lesbians. In 1993 Norway became the second country to legalize civil union partnerships for same-sex couples, and on January 1, 2009, Norway became the sixth country to grant full marriage equality to same-sex couples.
However, only in 1990 was the Norwegian constitution altered to grant absolute primogeniture to the Norwegian throne, meaning that the eldest child, regardless of gender, takes precedence in the line of succession. This was not done retroactively, meaning that even now the current successor to the throne is not the eldest child to the King, but the eldest son. The Norwegian constitution Article 6 states that “For those born before the year 1990 it shall [..] be the case that a male shall take precedence over a female.”[134]
An ardent promoter of human rights, Norway is home to the annual Oslo Freedom Forum conference, a gathering described by The Economist as “on its way to becoming a human-rights equivalent of the Davos economic forum.”[135]
Cinema[link]
Main article: Cinema of Norway
Not until fairly recently has the Norwegian cinema received international recognition, but as early as 1951 a documentary film of the Kon-Tiki expedition won an Oscar Academy Award. In 1959, Arne Skouen's Nine Lives was nominated, but failed to win. Another notable film is Flåklypa Grand Prix (English: Pinchcliffe Grand Prix), an animated feature film directed by Ivo Caprino. The film was released in 1975 and is based on characters from Norwegian cartoonist Kjell Aukrust. It is the most widely seen Norwegian film of all time.
There was however a real breakthrough in 1987 with Nils Gaup's Pathfinder which told the story of the Sami. It was nominated for an Oscar and was a huge international success. Berit Nesheim's The Other Side of Sunday was also nominated for an Oscar in 1997.
Since the 1990s, the film industry has thrived with up to 20 feature films each year. Particular successes were Kristin Lavransdatter, The Telegraphist and Gurin with the Foxtail. Knut Erik Jensen was among the more successful new directors together with Erik Skjoldbjærg remembered for Insomnia.[136]
In late 2008, the movie Max Manus opened at Norwegian theatres. The movie was a WW2 drama, telling the story of the Norwegian resistance hero Max Manus who led many successful sabotage operations against the German occupation. The movie became the highest grossing Norwegian movie ever.
Other notable successful Norwegian films, include Orion's Belt (film), Cold Prey, Cold Prey 2, Cold Prey 3 and The Troll Hunter
Music[link]
Main article: Music of Norway
_by_Elliot_and_Fry_-_02.jpg)
Along with the classical music of romantic composers Edvard Grieg; Rikard Nordraak and Johan Svendsen, and the modern music of Arne Nordheim, Norwegian black metal has become something of an export article in recent years.
Norway's classical performers include Leif Ove Andsnes, one of the world's more famous pianists, Truls Mørk, an outstanding cellist, and the great Wagnerian soprano Kirsten Flagstad.
Since the 1990s, Norway's biggest cultural export is black metal. The lo-fi, dark and raw form of heavy metal exploded in Norway during the 1990s and launched the careers of bands such as Darkthrone, Mayhem, Burzum, Emperor, Gorgoroth and Immortal, as well as later bands such as Dimmu Borgir. This development has since become an important part of extreme metal, but many events that took place in the early 1990s related to the black metal movement such as several church burnings and a prominent murder case caused some concern amongst the Norwegian citizens at large.
The jazz scene in Norway is also thriving. Jan Garbarek, Terje Rypdal, Mari Boine, Arild Andersen, and Bugge Wesseltoft are internationally recognized while Paal Nilssen-Love, Supersilent, Jaga Jazzist and Wibutee are becoming world-class artists of the younger generation.[137]
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Norway has a strong folk music tradition which remains popular to this day.[138] Among the most prominent folk musicians are Hardanger fiddlers Andrea Een, Olav Jørgen Hegge and Annbjørg Lien, vocalists Agnes Buen Garnås, Kirsten Bråten Berg and Odd Nordstoga.[139]
Other internationally recognized bands are a-ha and Röyksopp. The group a-ha initially rose to fame during the mid 1980s after being discovered by musician and producer John Ratcliff and has had continued global success in the 1990s and 2000s (decade).
In recent years, various Norwegian songwriters and productionteams have contributed to other international artists releases. Most notabilly the Norwegian productionteam Stargate (production team) who has produced songs for Rihanna, Beyonce Knowles, Shakira, Jennifer Lopez and Lionel Richie among others. Espen Lind who has written and produced songs for Beyonce Knowles, Lionel Richie, Ne-Yo, Chris Brown, Jessica Simpson and Leona Lewis. Lene Marlin who has written songs for Rihanna and Lovebugs (band)
Norway enjoys many music festivals throughout the year, all over the country. Norway is the host of one of the world's biggest Extreme sport festivals with music; Ekstremsportveko – a festival held annually in Voss. Oslo is the host of many festivals, such as: Øyafestivalen and by:Larm. Oslo used to have a summerparade similar to the German Love Parade. In 1992 the city of Oslo wanted to adopt the French music festival “Fête de la Musique”. Fredrik Carl Størmer established the festival. Even in its first year, “Musikkens Dag” gathered thousands of people and artists in the streets of Oslo. "Musikkens Dag" is now renamed "Musikkfest Oslo. Norway also have a festival named trænafestivalen each year on the island Træna.
Literature[link]
Main article: Norwegian literature
See also: List of Norwegian writers
History of Norwegian literature starts with the pagan Eddaic poems and skaldic verse of the 9th and 10th centuries with poets such as Bragi Boddason and Eyvindr skáldaspillir. The arrival of Christianity around the year 1000 brought Norway into contact with European mediaeval learning, hagiography and history writing. Merged with native oral tradition and Icelandic influence this was to flower into an active period of literature production in the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Major works of that period include Historia Norwegiæ, Þiðrekssaga and Konungs skuggsjá.
Little Norwegian literature came out of the period of the Scandinavian Union and the subsequent Dano-Norwegian union (1387—1814), with some notable exceptions such as Petter Dass and Ludvig Holberg. In his play Peer Gynt, Ibsen characterized this period as "Twice two hundred years of darkness/brooded o'er the race of monkeys", although the latter line is not as frequently quoted as the former. During the union with Denmark, written Norwegian was replaced by Danish.
Two major events precipitated a major resurgence in Norwegian literature. In 1811 a Norwegian university was established in Christiania. Seized by the spirit of revolution following the American and French Revolutions, the Norwegians signed their first Constitution in 1814. Soon, the cultural backwater that was Norway brought forth a series of strong authors recognized first in Scandinavia, and then worldwide; among them were Henrik Wergeland, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, Jørgen Moe and Camilla Collett.
By the late 19th century, in the Golden Age of Norwegian literature, the so-called Great Four emerged: Henrik Ibsen, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Alexander Kielland, and Jonas Lie. Bjørnson's "peasant novels", such as "En glad gutt" (A Happy Boy) and "Synnøve Solbakken" are typical of the national romanticism of their day, whereas Kielland's novels and short stories are mostly realistic. Although an important contributor to early Norwegian romantic nationalism (especially the ironic Peer Gynt), Henrik Ibsen's fame rests primarily on his pioneering realistic dramas such The Wild Duck and A Doll's House, many of which caused moral uproar because of their candid portrayals of the middle classes.
In the 20th century, three Norwegian novelists were awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature: Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson in 1903, Knut Hamsun for the book "Markens grøde" ("Growth of the Soil") in 1920, and Sigrid Undset in 1928. Further important contributions to Norwegian literature were made by writers like Dag Solstad, Jon Fosse, Cora Sandel, Olav Duun, Olav H. Hauge, Gunvor Hofmo, Stein Mehren, Kjell Askildsen, Hans Herbjørnsrud, Aksel Sandemose, Bergljot Hobæk Haff, Jostein Gaarder, Erik Fosnes Hansen, Jens Bjørneboe, Kjartan Fløgstad, Lars Saabye Christensen, Johan Borgen, Herbjørg Wassmo, Jan Erik Vold, Rolf Jacobsen, Olaf Bull, Jan Kjærstad, Georg Johannesen, Tarjei Vesaas, Sigurd Hoel, Arnulf Øverland and Johan Falkberget.
Architecture[link]
Main article: Architecture of Norway
Norway has always had a tradition of building in wood. Indeed, many of today's most interesting new buildings are made of wood, reflecting the strong appeal that this material continues to hold for Norwegian designers and builders.[140]
Norway's conversion to Christianity some 1,000 years ago led to the introduction of stonework architecture, beginning with the construction of Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim.
In the early Middle Ages, stave churches were constructed throughout Norway. Many of them remain to this day and represent Norway’s most important contribution to architectural history. A fine example is Urnes Stave Church which is now on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. Another notable example of wooden architecture is the Bryggen Wharf in Bergen, consisting of a row of narrow wooden structures along the quayside.
In the 17th century, under the Danish monarchy, cities such as Kongsberg with its Baroque church and Røros with its wooden buildings were established.
After Norway’s union with Denmark was dissolved in 1814, Oslo became the capital. Architect Christian H. Grosch designed the oldest parts of the University of Oslo, the Oslo Stock Exchange, and many other buildings and churches.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the city of Ålesund was rebuilt in the Art Nouveau style. The 1930s, when functionalism dominated, became a strong period for Norwegian architecture, but it is only in recent decades that Norwegian architects have truly achieved international renown. One of the most striking modern buildings in Norway is the Sami Parliament in Kárášjohka designed by Stein Halvorson and Christian Sundby. Its debating chamber is an abstract timber version of a Lavvo, the traditional tent used by the nomadic Sami people.[141]
Art[link]
Main article: Norwegian art
For an extended period, the Norwegian art scene was dominated by artwork from Germany and Holland as well as by the influence of Copenhagen. It was in the 19th century that a truly Norwegian era began, first with portraits, later with even more impressive landscapes. Johan Christian Dahl (1788–1857), originally from the Dresden school, eventually returned to paint the landscapes of western Norway, defining Norwegian painting for the first time."[142]
Norway’s new-found independence from Denmark encouraged painters to develop their Norwegian identity, especially with landscape painting by artists such as Kitty Kielland, a female painter who studied under Hans Gude; Harriet Backer, 1845–1932, another pioneer among female artists, influenced by impressionism. Frits Thaulow, an impressionist, was influenced by the art scene in Paris as was Christian Krohg, a realist painter, famous for his paintings of prostitutes.[143]
Of particular note is Edvard Munch, a symbolist/expressionist painter who became world famous for The Scream which is said to represent the anxiety of modern man.
Other artists of note include Harald Sohlberg, a neo-romantic painter remembered for his paintings of Røros; and Odd Nerdrum, a figurative painter who maintains his work is not art but kitsch.
Cuisine[link]
Main article: Norwegian cuisine
Norway's culinary traditions show the influence of long seafaring and farming traditions with salmon (fresh and cured), herring (pickled or marinated), trout, codfish and other seafood balanced by cheeses, dairy products and breads (predominantly dark/darker).
Lefse is a Norwegian potato flatbread, most common around Christmas. Some traditional Norwegian dishes include lutefisk, smalahove, pinnekjøtt and fårikål.[144]
See also[link]
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ The Spitsbergen Treaty (also known as the Svalbard Treaty) of February 9, 1920, recognizes the full and absolute sovereignty of Norway over the arctic archipelago of Spitsbergen (now called Svalbard). Peter I Island is dependent territory (Norwegian: biland) of Norway but is not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land.[8]
- ^ Includes persons with no foreign born parent
- References
- ^ a b c "Statistics Norway – Population 1 January 2010 and 2011 and changes in 2010, by immigration category and country background. Absolute numbers" (in (Norwegian)). Ssb.no. 2010-01-01. http://www.ssb.no/innvbef_en/tab-2011-04-28-01-en.html. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ a b c "CIA – The World Factbook". Cia.gov. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/no.html. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ "Population per 8 May 2012 and population changes in 2011. Counties.". Statistisk Sentralbyrå. 23 February 2012. http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/02/folkendrkv_en/2011k4/hittil00-en.html.
- ^ a b c d "Norway". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=72&pr.y=17&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=142&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
- ^ a b "Human Development Report 2011". United Nations. 2011. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Summary.pdf#page=23. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
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External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Norway |
 |
Wikinews has related news: Norway |
- Norway.no, Norway's official portal
- Statistics Norway
- State of the Environment Norway
- State of the Environment Norway: About Norway
- Norway entry at The World Factbook
- Norway entry at Encyclopædia Britannica
- Norway from UCB Libraries GovPubs
- Norway.info, official foreign portal of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Wikimedia Atlas of Norway
Geographic data related to Norway at OpenStreetMap- VisitNorway.com, official travel guide to Norway.
- Norway travel guide from Wikitravel
- vifanord – a digital library that provides scientific information on the Nordic and Baltic countries as well as the Baltic region as a whole.
- Birdwatching Norway
- National Anthem of Norway
- Key Development Forecasts for Norway from International Futures
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http://wn.com/Norway
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Tarjei Bø | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Full name | Tarjei Bø | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | (1988-07-29) 29 July 1988 (age 23) Stryn, Norway |
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| Club | Markane IL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| World Cup | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seasons | 2009- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wins | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional podiums | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total podiums | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Medal record
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Tarjei Bø (born in Stryn on 29 July 1988) is a professional Norwegian biathlete. Bø debuted in the Biathlon World Cup on March 26, 2009 in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, and won his first World Cup victory on December 10, 2010. In the 2010 Winter Olympics he earned his first gold medal in the 4 x 7.5 km biathlon relay.[1] On December 10, 2010 he won the sprint race in Hochfilzen, earning his first world cup victory.[2] He also won the following pursuit[3] race and anchored the winning relay team.[4]
He is currently the reigning World Cup Champion after winning the overall 2010/2011 World Cup. He finished five points ahead of his teammate Emil Hegle Svendsen.
Contents |
Career[link]
Early career[link]
At his first Junior World Championships in 2006 in Presque Isle, Maine, United States, Bø claimed the gold medal in the individual discipline, and the silver medal in the pursuit discipline. A year later in Martell-Val Martello, Italy, Bø again claimed the silver medal in the pursuit discipline, and was part of the Norwegian relay team that won the silver medal. The 2009 Junior World Championships in Canmore, Canada began in disappointment: Bø finished as number 23 in the individual discipline with a total of five shooting errors. However, Bø would eventually claim the bronze medal in both the pursuit and sprint disciplines. During the 2009 European Championships in Ufa, Russia, Bø was the most successful biathlete, and claimed the gold medal in all four races he entered (individual, sprint, pursuit and relay). At the World Cup finals in Khanty Mansiysk, Russia, Bø made his debut in the Biathlon World Cup on March 26, 2009, finishing 61st.
2009-10 season: Olympic champion[link]
In the 2009-10 season, Bø continued his positive development in the IBU Cup, coming in sixth in the individual discipline and second in the sprint. This led to his appointment to the World Cup races in Pokljuka, Oberhof and Ruhpolding. In Pokljuka, Bø made an impressive performance and finished fourth; in Oberhof, he was part of the Norwegian winning relay team; and in Ruhpolding he was part of the Norwegian relay team that finished second. On January 29, Bø was named as one of the 99 athletes that would travel to the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada.[5] On February 18, Bø finished 21st in his first Olympics event. Bø was chosen for the Norwegian relay team, that claimed the gold medal before runner-ups Austria and bronze-medalists Russia.[6] At the World Cup stop in Kontiolahti, Finland, Bø ran the last leg for the Norwegian mixed team, securing the win for Norway.
2010-11 season: Overall World Cup winner[link]
Bø became a regular fixture in the Norwegian team in the 2010-11 season. He started the season with a fourth place in the individual discipline in Östersund, Sweden, followed by a fifth and fourth place in the sprint and pursuit disciplines, respectively.[7][8][9] On 5 January 2007, Bø won his first World Cup event, the sprint race in Hochfilzen, Austria, beating runner-up Serguei Sednev by 27.5 seconds.[10] One day later, he won his second World Cup victory in the pursuit discipline.[11] On December 12, he was part of the winning Norwegian relay team.[12] After his highly successful races in Hochfilzen, Bø took the yellow bib of the Overall World Cup leader. In the races in Pokljuka, Bø finished 12th in the individual discipline and second in the sprint.[13][14] In Oberhof, Bø claimed his third and fourth World Cup victories (mass start and sprint).[15][16] At the World Cup stops in February in the United States, Bø continued his good form; his worst result was a sixth place. In Presque Isle, Maine, he came in fourth in the sprint discipline.[17] One week later in Fort Kent, Maine, Bø finished all three races in third place (sprint, pursuit and mass start).[18][19][20]
On March 3, Bø won his first World Championship title as part of the Norwegian mixed team.[21] Running the last lap, Bø secured Norway the victory; this was the first time Norway had won this event. Two days later, Bø came in third in the sprint discipline, behind runner-up Martin Fourcade and Arnd Peiffer.[22] By finishing third, Bø won the Overall Sprint Cup. In the pursuit discipline Bø again claimed the bronze medal.[23] On March 8, Bø won his first individual gold medal in the individual, beating runner-up Maxim Maksimov by 40 seconds despite having one shooting error compared to Maksimov's clean shooting.[24] Two days later, Bø claimed his second title alongside Ole Einar Bjørndalen, Alexander Os and Emil Hegle Svendsen in the relay,[25] becoming the most successful biathlete at the championships with a total of five medals.
At the season finals in Oslo, Norway Bø, with five shooting errors, came in 44th in the sprint; his second-worst result this season.[26] In the pursuit two days later, Bø started 2 minutes and 15 seconds behind; however, he pulled back the entire time and eventually finished second, 0.6 seconds behind team-mate Emil Hegle Svendsen,[27] thus winning the Overall Pursuit Cup. Bø had a narrow lead of 31 points to Svendsen in the Overall World Cup before the last race of the season, mass start. Svendsen won the event, but as Bø finished eight, he beat Svendsen in the Overall Cup by five points, winning the Overall Cup for the first time in his career.[28]
2011-12 season[link]
Bø started the season in poor fashion and finished 25th in the individual in Ôstersund.[29] He was back on the podium in two of the three next events, however; he finished second in the sprint in Ôstersund, and came in second in the pursuit in Hochfilzen.[30][31] He was also part of the winning Norwegian relay team in Hochfilzen, running the last lap.[32]
Record[link]
Olympic Games[link]
Bø has won one gold medal the Winter Olympic Games. At his first appearance at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada, he claimed the gold medal at the relay race, with Halvard Hanevold, Emil Hegle Svendsen and Ole Einar Bjørndalen.
| Event | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Mass start | Relay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 Vancouver, Canada | 21st | — | — | — | Gold |
World Championships[link]
At Bø's first Championship in 2011, he won three titles (mixed relay, individual and relay). He also claimed two bronze medals (sprint and pursuit). At the mass start Bø finished 4th.
| Event | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Mass start | Relay | Mixed relay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia | Gold | Bronze | Bronze | 4th | Gold | Gold |
World Cup[link]
| Season | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Mass Start | Overall | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Races | Points | Position | Races | Points | Position | Races | Points | Position | Races | Points | Position | Races | Points | Position | |
| 2009–10 | 2/4 | 24 | 50th | 6/10 | 108 | 29th | 2/6 | 33 | 33rd | 1/5 | 11 | 41st | 11/25 | 176 | 43rd |
| 2010–11 | 4/4 | 172 | 2nd | 10/10 | 393 | 1st | 7/7 | 334 | 1st | 5/5 | 211 | 3nd | 26/26 | 1110 | 1st |
| 2011-12 | 1/4 | 16 | 25th | 2/10 | 92 | 2nd | 2/6 | 97 | 2nd | 0/5 | — | — | 5/26 | 205 | 3rd |
- *Key:Races—number of entered races/all races; Points—won World Cup points; Position—World Cup season ranking.
- **Statistics as of December 14, 2011.
World Cup wins[link]
|
|
- *Key:WCH—World Championships; OG—Olympic Games. Statistics as of 14 December 2011.
Overall record[link]
| Result | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Mass start | Relay | Mixed relay | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st place | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 12 |
| 2nd place | — | 2 | 2 | — | 1 | — | 5 |
| 3rd place | — | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | 6 |
| 4th place | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 7 |
| Top 10 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 6 |
| 11-20 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | 3 |
| 21-40 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 9 |
| 41-80 | — | 4 | — | — | — | — | 4 |
| Starts | 7 | 19 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 52 |
* Statistics as of 14 December 2011
Junior/Youth World Championships[link]
| Event | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Relay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 Presque Isle, United States | Gold | 4th | Silver | 4th |
| 2007 Martell-Val Martello, Italy | 4th | 5th | Silver | Silver |
| 2008 Canmore, Canada | 23rd | Bronze | Bronze | 6th |
References[link]
- ^ Nydal, Maria (26 February 2010). "Slik jubler ekte gullvinnere" (in Norwegian). Bergens Tidende. http://www.bt.no/sport/vintersport/Slik-jubler-ekte-gullvinnere-1036953.html. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
- ^ "IBU data center". http://services.biathlonresults.com/Results.aspx?RaceId=BT1011SWRLCP02SMSP. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
- ^ "IBU data center". http://services.biathlonresults.com/Results.aspx?RaceId=BT1011SWRLCP02SMPU. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
- ^ "IBU datacenter". http://services.biathlonresults.com/Results.aspx?RaceId=BT1011SWRLCP02SMRL. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
- ^ "Norges OL-tropp". http://www.nrk.no/sport/meisterskap/vancouver_2010/1.6867830. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON Ruhrgas IBU World Cup – Vancouver (CAN) – Men 4 x 7.5 km Relay. IBU Datacenter. Accessed 13 December 2011.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON Ruhrgas IBU World Cup – Oestersund (SWE) – Men 20 km Individual. IBU Datacenter. Accessed 13 December 2011.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON Ruhrgas IBU World Cup – Oestersund (SWE) – Men 10 km Sprint. IBU Datacenter. Accessed 13 December 2011.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON Ruhrgas IBU World Cup – Oestersund (SWE) – Men 12.5 km Pursuit. IBU Datacenter. Accessed 13 December 2011.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Hochfilzen (AUT) – Men 10 km Sprint. IBU Datacenter. Accessed 13 December 2011.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Hochfilzen (AUT) – Men 12.5 km Pursuit IBU Datacenter. Accessed 13 December 2011.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Hochfilzen (AUT) – Men 4 x 7.5 km Relay.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Pokljuka (SLO) – Men 20 km Individual
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Pokljuka (SLO) – Men 10 km Sprint.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Oberhof (GER) – Men 15 km Mass Start.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Oberhof (GER) – Men 10 km Sprint.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Presque Isle, ME (USA) – Men 10 km Sprint.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Fort Kent, ME (USA) – Men 10 km Sprint.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Fort Kent, ME (USA) – Men 12.5 km Pursuit.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Fort Kent, ME (USA) – Men 15 km Mass Start.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Khanty-Mansiysk (RUS) – Mixed 2 x 6 + 2 x 7.5 km Relay.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Khanty-Mansiysk (RUS) – Men 10 km Sprint.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Khanty-Mansiysk (RUS) – Men 12.5 km Pursuit.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Khanty-Mansiysk (RUS) – Men 20 km Individual.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON 2 – Khanty-Mansiysk (RUS) – Men 4 x 7.5 km Relay.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON – Oslo Holmenkollen (NOR) – Men 10 km Sprint.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP BIATHLON – Oslo Holmenkollen (NOR) – Men 12.5 km Pursuit.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. Cup Standings – Men's World Cup Total Score.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. Cup Standings – Men's World Cup Total Score.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP 1 BIATHLON - Oestersund (SWE) - Men 10 km Sprint.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP 2 BIATHLON - Hochfilzen (AUT) – Men 12.5 km Pursuit.
- ^ International Biathlon Union. E.ON IBU WORLD CUP 2 BIATHLON - Hochfilzen (AUT) – Men 4x7.5 km Relay.
|
|||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Boe, Tarjei |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 29 July 1988 |
| Place of birth | Stryn, Norway |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Tarjei_Bø
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjei_Bø
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Michael Moore, see Michael Moore (disambiguation).
| Michael Moore | |
|---|---|
 Moore in New York to promote his memoir Here Comes Trouble, September 2011 |
|
| Born | Michael Francis Moore (1954-04-23) April 23, 1954 (age 58) Flint, Michigan, United States[1] |
| Alma mater | University of Michigan–Flint |
| Occupation | Actor, director, screenwriter, producer |
| Years active | 1972–present[2] |
| Religion | Roman Catholic[3] |
| Spouse | Kathleen Glynn (1991–present) |
| Website | |
| michaelmoore.com | |
Michael Francis Moore (born April 23, 1954) is an American filmmaker, author, social critic and activist.[4] He is the director and producer of Fahrenheit 9/11, which is the highest-grossing documentary of all time.[5] His films Bowling for Columbine and Sicko also place in the top ten highest-grossing documentaries.[5] In September 2008, he released his first free movie on the Internet, Slacker Uprising, which documented his personal quest to encourage more Americans to vote in presidential elections.[6] He has also written and starred in the TV shows TV Nation and The Awful Truth.
Moore criticizes globalization, large corporations, assault weapon ownership, U.S. Presidents Bill Clinton[7] and George W. Bush, the Iraq War, the American health care system, and capitalism in his written and cinematic works.
Contents |
Personal life[link]
Moore was born in Flint, Michigan,[1] and raised in Davison, a suburb of Flint, by parents Veronica (née Wall), a secretary, and Frank Moore, an automotive assembly-line worker.[8][9][10] At that time, the city of Flint was home to many General Motors factories, where his parents and grandfather worked. His uncle LaVerne was one of the founders of the United Automobile Workers labor union and participated in the Flint Sit-Down Strike.[11]
Moore was brought up Catholic,[12] attended parochial St. John's Elementary School for primary school and later attended St. Paul's Seminary in Saginaw, Michigan, for a year.[13][8][14][15][16] He then attended Davison High School, where he was active in both drama and debate,[17] graduating in 1972. As a member of the Boy Scouts of America, he achieved the rank of Eagle Scout.[8] At the age of 18, he was elected to the Davison school board.[18]
Since 1990, Moore has been married to producer Kathleen Glynn,[19] with whom he has a stepdaughter named Natalie. Moore is a Catholic,[3][20] but has said he disagrees with church teaching on subjects such as abortion[21] and same-sex marriage.[22]
Following the Columbine High School massacre, Moore acquired a life membership to the National Rifle Association (NRA). Moore said that he initially intended to become the NRA's president and dismantle it, but he soon dismissed the plan as too difficult.[23][24] Observers such as Dave Kopel noted that there was no chance of that happening;[25] authors David T. Hardy and Jason Clarke wrote about how Moore failed to discover that the NRA selects a president not by membership vote but by a vote of the board of directors.[26]
In 2005 Time magazine named Moore one of the world's 100 most influential people.[27] Also in 2005, Moore started the annual Traverse City Film Festival in Traverse City, Michigan.
Career[link]
After dropping out of the University of Michigan–Flint following his freshman year (where he wrote for the student newspaper The Michigan Times), Moore worked at the local Buick plant.[28] At 22 he founded the alternative weekly magazine The Flint Voice, which soon changed its name to The Michigan Voice as it expanded to cover the entire state. In 1986, when Moore became the editor of Mother Jones, a liberal political magazine, he moved to California and The Michigan Voice was shut down.
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After four months at Mother Jones, Moore was fired. Matt Labash of The Weekly Standard reported this was for refusing to print an article by Paul Berman that was critical of the Sandinista human rights record in Nicaragua.[29] Moore refused to run the article, believing it to be inaccurate. "The article was flatly wrong and the worst kind of patronizing bullshit. You would scarcely know from it that the United States had been at war with Nicaragua for the last five years."[30] Moore believes that Mother Jones fired him because of the publisher's refusal to allow him to cover a story on the GM plant closings in his hometown of Flint, Michigan. He responded by putting laid-off GM worker Ben Hamper (who was also writing for the same magazine at the time) on the magazine's cover, leading to his termination. Moore sued for wrongful dismissal, and settled out of court for $58,000, providing him with seed money for his first film, Roger & Me.[31]
Directing/producing[link]
- Roger & Me
- Moore first became famous for his 1989 film, Roger & Me, a documentary about what happened to Flint, Michigan, after General Motors closed its factories and opened new ones in Mexico, where the workers were paid much less. Since then Moore has been known as a critic of the neoliberal view of globalization. "Roger" is Roger B. Smith, former CEO and president of General Motors. Harlan Jacobson, editor of Film Comment magazine, said that Moore muddled the chronology in Roger & Me to make it seem that events that took place before G.M.’s layoffs were a consequence of them. Critic Roger Ebert defended Moore's handling of the timeline as an artistic and stylistic choice that had less to do with his credibility as a filmmaker and more to do with the flexibility of film as a medium to express a satiric viewpoint.[32]
- Pets or Meat: The Return to Flint
- (1992) is a short (23-minute) documentary film that was aired on PBS. It is based on the feature-length film Roger & Me (1989) by Michael Moore. The film's title refers to Rhonda Britton, a Flint, Michigan, resident featured in both the 1989 and 1992 films who sells rabbits as either pets or meat.[33]
- Canadian Bacon
- In 1995, Moore released a satirical film, Canadian Bacon, which features a fictional US president (played by Alan Alda) engineering a fake war with Canada in order to boost his popularity. It is noted for containing a number of Canadian and American stereotypes, and for being Moore's only non-documentary film. The film is also one of the last featuring Canadian-born actor John Candy, and also features a number of cameos by other Canadian actors. In the film, several potential enemies for America's next great campaign are discussed by the president and his cabinet. (The scene was strongly influenced by the Stanley Kubrick film Dr. Strangelove.) The President comments that declaring war on Canada was as ridiculous as declaring war on international terrorism. His military adviser, played by Rip Torn, quickly rebuffs this idea, saying that no one would care about "... a bunch of guys driving around blowing up rent-a-cars."
- The Big One
- In 1997, Moore directed The Big One, which documents the tour publicizing his book Downsize This! Random Threats from an Unarmed American, in which he criticizes mass layoffs despite record corporate profits. Among others, he targets Nike for outsourcing shoe production to Indonesia.
- Bowling for Columbine
- Moore's 2002 film, Bowling for Columbine, probes the culture of guns and violence in the United States, taking as a starting point the Columbine High School massacre of 1999. Bowling for Columbine won the Anniversary Prize at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival[34] and France's César Award as the Best Foreign Film. In the United States, it won the 2002 Academy Award for Documentary Feature. It also enjoyed great commercial and critical success for a film of its type and became, at the time, the highest-grossing mainstream-released documentary (a record now held by Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11).[5] It was praised by some for illuminating a subject avoided by the mainstream media.
- Fahrenheit 9/11
- Fahrenheit 9/11 examines America in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks, particularly the record of the Bush administration and alleged links between the families of George W. Bush and Osama bin Laden. Fahrenheit was awarded the Palme d'Or,[35] the top honor at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival; it was the first documentary film to win the prize since 1956. Moore later announced that Fahrenheit 9/11 would not be in consideration for the 2005 Academy Award for Documentary Feature, but instead for the Academy Award for Best Picture. He stated he wanted the movie to be seen by a few million more people via a television broadcast prior to election day. According to Moore, "Academy rules forbid the airing of a documentary on television within nine months of its theatrical release", and since the November 2 election was fewer than nine months after the film's release, it would have been disqualified for the Documentary Oscar.[36] However, Fahrenheit received no Oscar nomination for Best Picture. The title of the film alludes to the classic book Fahrenheit 451 about a future totalitarian state in which books are banned; according to the book, paper begins to burn at 451 degrees Fahrenheit. The pre-release subtitle of the film confirms the allusion: "The temperature at which freedom burns." At the box office, as of 2010 Fahrenheit 9/11 is the highest-grossing documentary of all time, taking in over US$200 million worldwide, including United States box office revenue of almost US$120 million.[5] In February 2011, Moore sued producers Bob and Harvey Weinstein for US$2.7 million in unpaid profits from the film, claiming they used "Hollywood accounting tricks" to avoid paying him the money.[37]
- Sicko
- Moore directed this film about the American health care system, focusing particularly on the managed-care and pharmaceutical industries. At least four major pharmaceutical companies — Pfizer, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, and GlaxoSmithKline — ordered their employees not to grant any interviews to Moore.[38][39][40] According to Moore on a letter at his website, "roads that often surprise us and lead us to new ideas—and challenge us to reconsider the ones we began with have caused some minor delays." The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on May 19, 2007, receiving a lengthy standing ovation, and was released in the U.S. and Canada on June 29, 2007.[41] The film was the subject of some controversy when it became known that Moore went to Cuba with chronically ill September 11th rescue workers to shoot parts of the film. The United States is looking into whether this violates the trade embargo. The film is currently ranked the fourth highest grossing documentary of all time[5] and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Documentary Feature.[42]
- Captain Mike Across America
- Moore takes a look at the politics of college students in what he calls "Bush Administration America" with this film shot during Moore's 60-city college campus tour in the months leading up to the 2004 election.[43][44] The film was later re-edited by Moore into Slacker Uprising.
- Capitalism: A Love Story
- On September 23, 2009, Moore released a new movie titled Capitalism: A Love Story, which looks at the late-2000s financial crisis and the U.S. economy during the transition between the incoming Obama Administration and the outgoing Bush Administration. Addressing a press conference at its release, Moore said, "Democracy is not a spectator sport, it's a participatory event. If we don't participate in it, it ceases to be a democracy. So Obama will rise or fall based not so much on what he does but on what we do to support him."[45]
Writing[link]
Moore has written or co-written eight non-fiction books, mostly on similar subject matter to his documentaries. Stupid White Men (2001) is ostensibly a critique of American domestic and foreign policy but, by Moore's own admission, is also "a book of political humor."[46] Dude, Where's My Country? (2003), is an examination of the Bush family's relationships with Saudi royalty, the Bin Laden family, and the energy industry, and a call-to-action for liberals in the 2004 election. Several of his works have made bestseller lists.
Acting[link]
Moore has dabbled in acting, following a 2000 supporting role in Lucky Numbers as the cousin of Lisa Kudrow's character, who agrees to be part of the scheme concocted by John Travolta's character. He also had a cameo in his Canadian Bacon as an anti-Canada activist. In 2004, he did a cameo, as a news journalist, in The Fever, starring Vanessa Redgrave in the lead.
Television[link]
Between 1994 and 1995, he directed and hosted the BBC television series TV Nation, which followed the format of news magazine shows but covered topics they avoid. The series aired on BBC2 in the UK. The series was also aired in the US on NBC in 1994 for 9 episodes and again for 8 episodes on Fox in 1995.
His other major series was The Awful Truth, which satirized actions by big corporations and politicians. It aired on Channel 4 in the UK, and the Bravo network in the US, in 1999 and 2000. Moore won the Hugh M. Hefner First Amendment Award in Arts and Entertainment for being the executive producer and host of The Awful Truth, where he was also described as "muckraker, author and documentary filmmaker".
Another 1999 series, Michael Moore Live, was aired in the UK only on Channel 4, though it was broadcast from New York. This show had a similar format to The Awful Truth, but also incorporated phone-ins and a live stunt each week.
Music videos[link]
Moore has directed several music videos, including two for Rage Against the Machine for songs from The Battle of Los Angeles: "Sleep Now in the Fire" and "Testify". He was threatened with arrest during the shooting of "Sleep Now in the Fire", which was filmed on Wall Street; the city of New York had denied the band permission to play there, although the band and Moore had secured a federal permit to perform.[47]
He also directed the videos for R.E.M. single "All the Way to Reno (You're Gonna Be a Star)" in 2001 and the System of a Down song "Boom!".
Appearances in other documentaries[link]
- Moore appeared in The Drugging of Our Children,[48] a 2005 documentary about over-prescription of psychiatric medication to children and teenagers, directed by Gary Null a proponent of Alternative Medicine. In the film Moore agrees with Gary Null that Ritalin and other similar drugs are over-prescribed, saying that they are seen as a "pacifier".
- Moore appeared on fellow Flint natives Grand Funk Railroad's edition of Behind The Music.
- Moore appeared as an off-camera interviewer in Blood in the Face, a 1991 documentary about white supremacy groups. At the center of the film is a neo-Nazi gathering in Michigan.[49]
- Moore appeared in The Yes Men, a 2003 documentary about two men who pose as the World Trade Organization. He appears during a segment concerning working conditions in Mexico and Latin America.
- Moore briefly appears in Alex Jones's documentary Martial Law 9/11: Rise of the Police State. Jones criticises Moore for not going into more depth about the World Trade Center attacks in Fahrenheit 9/11, particularly about NORAD standing down, and for portraying George W. Bush as an unassuming frontman instead of an active conspirator in 9/11. Jones manages to ask Moore why he didn't mention NORAD standing down, and Moore swiftly answers that "it would be un-American".
- Moore was interviewed for the 2004 documentary, The Corporation. One of his highlighted quotes was: "The problem is the profit motive: for corporations, there's no such thing as 'enough'".[50]
- Moore appeared in the 2006 documentary I'm Going to Tell You a Secret, which chronicles Madonna's 2004 Re-Invention World Tour. Moore attended her show in New York City at Madison Square Garden.
Political views[link]
Although Moore has been noted for his liberal political activism,[4] he rejects the label "political activist" saying such a description is redundant as a citizen of a democracy: "I and you and everyone else has to be a political activist. If we're not politically active, it ceases to be a democracy."[51] According to John Flesher of the Associated Press, Moore is known for his "fiery left-wing populism,"[52] and publications such as the Socialist Worker Online have hailed him as the "new Tom Paine."[53]
Moore was a high-profile guest at both the 2004 Democratic National Convention and the 2004 Republican National Convention, chronicling his impressions in USA Today. He was criticized in a speech by Republican Senator John McCain as "a disingenuous film-maker." Moore laughed and waved as Republican attendees jeered, later chanting "four more years." Moore gestured his thumb and finger at the crowd, which translates into "loser."[54]
During September and October 2004, Moore spoke at universities and colleges in swing states during his "Slacker Uprising Tour". The tour gave away ramen and underwear to students who promised to vote.[55][56] One stop during the tour was Utah Valley State College. A fight for his right to speak resulted in massive public debates and a media blitz.[57] The Utah event was chronicled in the documentary film This Divided State.[58]
Despite having supported Ralph Nader in the 2000 presidential election, Moore urged Nader not to run in 2004 so as not to split the left vote. On Real Time with Bill Maher, Moore and Maher knelt before Nader to plead with him to stay out of the race.[59]
Moore drew attention in 2004 when he used the term "deserter" when he introduced Retired Army Gen. Wesley K. Clark at a Democratic Presidential debate in New Hampshire. Noting that Clark had been a champion debater at West Point, Moore told a laughing crowd, "I know what you're thinking. I want to see that debate" between Clark and [George W.] Bush -- "the general versus the deserter." Moore said he was referring to published reports in several media outlets including The Boston Globe which had reported that "there is strong evidence that Bush performed no military service as required when he moved from Houston to Alabama to work on a U.S. Senate campaign from May to November 1972."[60] [61][62]
On April 21, 2008, Moore endorsed Barack Obama for President, stating that Hillary Clinton's recent actions had been "disgusting."[63] Moore is an active supporter of the Occupy Wall Street protest in New York City and spoke with the OWS protesters on September 26, 2011.[64] On October 29, 2011, he spoke at the Occupy Oakland protest site to express his support. [65]
Published work[link]
Bibliography[link]
- Moore, Michael (1996). Downsize This! Random Threats from an Unarmed American. New York: HarperPerennial. ISBN 0-06-097733-7.
- Moore, Michael; Glynn, Kathleen (1998). Adventures In A TV Nation. New York: HarperPerennial. ISBN 0-06-098809-6.
- Moore, Michael (2002). Stupid White Men ...and Other Sorry Excuses for the State of the Nation!. New York: Regan Books. ISBN 0-06-039245-2.
- Moore, Michael (2003). Dude, Where's My Country?. New York: Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-53223-1.
- Moore, Michael (2004). Will They Ever Trust Us Again?. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-7152-1.
- Moore, Michael (2004). The Official Fahrenheit 9/11 Reader. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-7292-7.
- Moore, Michael (2008). Mike's Election Guide 2008. New York: Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 0-446-54627-5.
- Moore, Michael (2011). Here Comes Trouble: Stories from My Life. New York: Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 0-446-53224-X.
Filmography[link]
- Roger & Me (1989)
- Pets or Meat: The Return to Flint (1992) (TV)
- Canadian Bacon (1995)
- The Big One (1997)
- And Justice for All (1998) (TV)
- EDtv (1999) (cameo as himself)
- Lucky Numbers (2000) (as actor)
- Bowling for Columbine (2002)
- Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004)
- Sicko (2007)
- Captain Mike Across America (2007)
- Slacker Uprising (2008)
- Capitalism: A Love Story (2009)
Television series[link]
- TV Nation (1994)
- The Awful Truth (1999)
- Michael Moore Live (1999)
References[link]
- ^ a b Michael Moore (1992). "Pets or Meat:The Return To Flint". IMDB. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0105134/. Retrieved 2009-03-31. Moore states in the film he was born at St. Joseph Hospital in Flint.
- ^ Moore, having been elected to the Davison School Board in 1972 at age 18, was amongst the first persons in the country to hold elected office at this age. He also ran on a platform of firing the existing High School Principal.
- ^ a b Rahner, Mark (2007-06-26). ""Sicko", new Michael Moore film, takes on the health-care system". The Seattle Times. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/artsentertainment/2003762133_michaelmoore26.html. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
- ^ a b Michael Moore fights to save State Theatre in Traverse City[dead link]
- ^ a b c d e "Documentary Movies". Box Office Mojo. 2007. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/genres/chart/?id=documentary.htm. Retrieved 2011-03-26.
- ^ "Michael Moore releases Slacker Uprising for free on Net". www.meeja.com.au. 2008-09-24. http://www.meeja.com.au/index.php?display_article_id=258. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
- ^ "And Now, for the OTHER Republican Convention" August 13, 2000, Michael Moore.com
- ^ a b c "Michael Moore. Full biography". New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/person/103383/Michael-Moore/biography. Retrieved 2010-05-12.
- ^ "Michael Moore Biography (1954-)". Film Reference. http://www.filmreference.com/film/47/Michael-Moore.html. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
- ^ Rapoport, Roger (2007). Citizen Moore: the life and times of an American iconoclast. RDR Books. p. 19. ISBN 1-57143-163-2.
- ^ Stated in Moore's film, Roger & Me, 1989, and Capitalism: A Love Story, 2009.
- ^ Williamson, Marianne (September 18, 2007). "Filmmaker Michael Moore's Spirituality". O: The Oprah Magazine. http://www.oprah.com/oprahradio/Filmmaker-Michael-Moores-Spirituality. Retrieved September 16, 2010.
- ^ Schultz, Emily (2005). Michael Moore: a biorgraphy. ECW Press. pp. 7–8. ISBN 1-55022-699-1.
- ^ Richard Knight, Jr. (2007-06-27). "To Your Health: A Talk with Sicko's Michael Moore". Windy City Media Group. http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/gay/lesbian/news/ARTICLE.php?AID=15370. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
- ^ Primeau, François. American Dissident, Lulu Press, 2007.
- ^ Headlam, Bruce (2009-09-16). "Capitalism's little tramp". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/20/movies/20head.html?_r=1&pagewanted=2&ref=movies. Retrieved 2009-09-17.
- ^ Gary Strauss (June 20, 2004). "The truth about Michael Moore". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2004-06-20-moore_x.htm. Retrieved 2006–07–09.
- ^ MichaelMoore.com: The Day I Was To be Tarred and Feathered.
- ^ Kathleen Glynn at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Elliott, David (2007-06-29). "Moral outrage, humor make up Michael Moore's one-two punch". SignOnSanDiego. http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/features/20070629-9999-1c29moore.html. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
- ^ Moore, Michael (2003-09-12). "Michael Moore to Wesley Clark: Run!". MichaelMoore.com. http://www.michaelmoore.com/words/message/index.php?messageDate=2003-09-12. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
- ^ News Service, Canwest (2007-06-11). "Moore may tackle gay rights". Canada.com. http://www.canada.com/topics/entertainment/story.html?id=645ea831-d37c-41f5-ada5-301a47101e8b&k=9796. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
- ^ Collins, Andrew (November 11, 2002). "Guardian/NFT interview: Michael Moore". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2002/nov/11/usforeignpolicy.guardianinterviewsatbfisouthbank. Retrieved August 22, 2011. "...I became a lifetime member after the Columbine massacre because my first thought after Columbine was to run against Charlton Heston for the presidency of the NRA. You have to be a lifetime member to be able to do that, so I had to pay $750 to join. My plan was to get 5m Americans to join for the lowest basic membership and vote for me so that I'd win and dismantle the organization. Unfortunately, I figured that's just too much work for me so instead I made this movie."
- ^ Lawrence, Ken (2004). The World According to Michael Moore: A Portrait in His Own Words. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 81. ISBN 1-4494-1332-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=eweqnTuO-z8C&pg=PT81. Moore is quoted from Entertainment Weekly, October 25, 2002.
- ^ Kopel, Dave (April 4, 2003). "Bowling Truths". National Review Online. http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/206461/i-bowling-i-truths/dave-kopel. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
- ^ Hardy, David T.; Clarke, Jason (2005). Michael Moore Is a Big Fat Stupid White Man. HarperCollins. p. 114. ISBN 0-06-077960-8.
- ^ Joel Stein (2005-04-18). "Michael Moore: The Angry Filmmaker". Time. http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/2005/time100/artists/100moore.html. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
- ^ Ron Sheldon (September 23, 1995). "Exclusive Interview with Michael Moore of TV Nation". People's Weekly World. http://www.pww.org/archives95/95-09-23-3.html.
- ^ Schultz, Emily (2005). Michael Moore: a biorgraphy. 47-54: ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-699-1.
- ^ Cockburn, Alexander. "Beat The Devil: Michael meets Mr. Jones", The Nation, 1986-09-13.
- ^ Matt Labash. "Michael Moore, One-Trick Phony". The Weekly Standard. 1998-06-08.
- ^ Ebert, Roger (2/11/1990). "Attacks on 'Roger & Me' completely miss the point of the film". Sun Times. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19900211/COMMENTARY/22010306. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
- ^ Diane Katz (September 20, 1992). "'Roger and Me' Revisited". The Detroit News.
- ^ "Festival de Cannes: Bowling for Columbine". festival-cannes.com. http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3137379/year/2002.html. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
- ^ "Festival de Cannes: Fahrenheit 9/11". festival-cannes.com. http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/4201423/year/2004.html. Retrieved 2009-11-30.
- ^ Michael Moore (September 6, 2004). "Why I Will Not Seek a Best Documentary Oscar (I'm giving it up in the hopes more voters can see "Fahrenheit 9/11")". http://www.michaelmoore.com/words/mikes-letter/why-i-will-not-seek-a-best-documentary-oscar-im-giving-it-up-in-the-hopes-more-voters-can-see-fahrenheit-911. Retrieved March 8, 2011.
- ^ "Film-maker Michael Moore sues Weinstein brothers". BBC. February 9, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12402807. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
- ^ The Philadelphia Inquirer: Inqlings | Michael Moore takes on Glaxo. Michael Klein, 30 September 2005. Archive accessed 2006-07-09.
- ^ Common Dreams News Center: Drug Firms are on the Defense as Filmmaker Michael Moore Plans to Dissect Their Industry. Original Article — Elaine Dutka, L.A. Times, December 22, 2004. Archive accessed 2006-08-09.
- ^ Chicago Tribune: Michael Moore turns camera onto health care industry. Bruce Japsen, 3 October 2004. Archive accessed 2006-07-09.
- ^ CBC Sicko to have unofficial premiere at Democratic fundraiser May 26, 2007. URL accessed 2007-10-14.
- ^ "Shortlist for docu Oscar unveiled". The Hollywood Reporter. 2007-11-20. Archived from the original on 2008-05-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20080502163927/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i587be3b0ca27043557eff60b69803664. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "Toronto International Film Festival". http://www.tiff07.ca/filmsandschedules/schedules/calendarlist.aspx?date=07. Retrieved 2007–09–07.
- ^ Captain Mike at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ "Capitalism is evil", says new Michael Moore film Reuters, September 6, 2009.
- ^ Opinion Journal from the Wall Street Journal: Unmoored from Reality. John Fund's Political Diary, 21 March 2003. URL accessed 2006-08-29.
- ^ Green Left Weekly: Rage against Wall Street. Michael Moore, via MichaelMoore.com, date unspecified. URL accessed 2006-07-09.
- ^ "The Drugging of Our Children". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0850665/. at the Internet Movie Database.
- ^ Blood in the Face at the Internet Movie Database Moore details his involvement in the audio commentary on the Roger & Me DVD.
- ^ "Who's Who". The Corporation Film. http://www.thecorporation.com/index.cfm?page_id=3.
- ^ "'I am the balance', says Moore". Minneapolis Star Tribune. South Florida Sun-Sentinel. 4 July 2007. http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2007-07-04/features/0706290259_1_sicko-health-care-health-care. Retrieved 2007–07–06. "Moore rejects the label "political activist"; as a citizen of a democracy, Moore insists, such a description is redundant."
- ^ Flesher, John (16 June 2007). "Hollywood meets Bellaire as Moore gives sneak peek of "Sicko"". Associated Press. "But the filmmaker, known for his fiery left-wing populism and polemical films such as "Fahrenheit 9/11" and Oscar-winning "Bowling for Columbine", told the audience "Sicko" would appeal across the political spectrum."
- ^ Porton, Richard. "Weapon of mass instruction Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11." Cineaste (22 September 2004). Retrieved 15 May 2009; see also Davy, Michael. Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11. Socialist Worker. 10 July 2004. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
- ^ Delegates relish McCain jab at filmmaker Moore CNN.com. 2006-08-31.
- ^ "Moore Offers 'Hellraiser' Scholarship During Speech". 10News.com. October 14, 2004. http://www.10news.com/politics/3802561/detail.html. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Michael Moore Offers Slacker Uprising Free Online". Scoop Independent News. September 23, 2008. http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0809/S00509.htm. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Hancock, Laura (February 6, 2005). "Film dissects pros, cons of Moore visit". Deseret Morning News. http://www.deseretnews.com/article/600110152/Film-dissects-pros-cons-of-Moore-visit.html. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ This Divided State official website. Accessed 2006-07-09.
- ^ "Bill Maher: Back for More". Washingtonpost.com. 2004-08-02. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A33257-2004Aug1.html. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
- ^ "George W. Bush, A.W.O.L". MichaelMoore.com. http://www.michaelmoore.com/words/mikes-letter/george-w-bush-awol#article2. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
- ^ George W. Bush, A.W.O.L, January 23, 2004.
- ^ Bell, Dawson (October 5, 2004). "Michigan GOP says Michael Moore tried to buy votes with underwear". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on 2004-10-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20041013182837/http://www.freep.com/news/latestnews/pm628_20041005.htm.
- ^ My Vote's for Obama (if I could vote) ...by Michael Moore, April 21, 2008.
- ^ "Something Has Started: Michael Moore on the Occupy Wall St. Protests that Could Spark a Movement". Democracy Now. 28 September 2011. http://www.democracynow.org/2011/9/28/something_has_started_michael_moore_on. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "Michael Moore: Occupy movement killed apathy". CBS News. 29 October 2011. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-20127435/michael-moore-occupy-movement-killed-apathy/. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
External links[link]
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This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (December 2010) |
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Wikisource has original works written by or about: |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Michael Moore |
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Michael Moore |
- Michael Moore at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Michael Moore in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- The Populist: Michael Moore Can Make You Cry / New Yorker (16 February 2004)
- America's Teacher by Naomi Klein, The Nation, September 23, 2009
- A 2007 NOW on PBS interview with Michael Moore
- Michael Moore on His Life, His Films and His Activism - video interview by Democracy Now!
- Michael Moore on 2010 Midterm Elections, the Tea Party, and the Future of the Democratic Party
- In Depth interview with Moore, October 2, 2011
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Moore, Michael Francis |
| Alternative names | Moore, Michael |
| Short description | American film director, author, and social commentator |
| Date of birth | April 23, 1954 |
| Place of birth | Davison, Michigan |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Michael_Moore
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Moore
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For the 1940s baseball player, see Margaret Berger (baseball).
| Margaret Berger | |
|---|---|
 Berger performing live in 2006 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Margaret Berger |
| Born | (1985-10-11) October 11, 1985 (age 26) |
| Origin | Trondheim, Norway |
| Genres | Pop, electronic dance music |
| Occupations | Singer, Songwriter |
| Years active | 2004–present |
| Labels | Sony BMG |
| Website | MySpace.com/BergerMargaret |
Margaret Berger (born October 11, 1985 in Trondheim, Norway) is an electropop singer and songwriter. She made her debut on Sony BMG after she placed second on the second season of Norwegian Idol.[1]
Berger's debut album, Chameleon, was released in October 2004. Composed of rock, dance, R&B, and electro music,[1] the album reached number four on the Norwegian albums chart.[2] The album did not receive an official single release, but the music video for the song "Lifetime Guarantee" was awarded a Spellemannprisen.[3] Pretty Scary Silver Fairy, released in October 2006, reached number eight in Norway.[2] Influenced by Björk, Daft Punk and The Knife, the album was a departure from her previous effort.[4] It featured a mixture of electronica and dance-pop music and produced two top twenty singles.[5] The lead single, "Samantha", reached number six and its lyrics discuss women who change themselves to please others.[2][6] She is currently recording her third album in London, England.[7]
In 2008, Berger became the music director of NRK P3, one of the three nation-wide radio channels of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation.[8]
Contents |
Idol (Norway)[link]
Berger participated in the second season of Idol: Jakten på en superstjerne. She made it all the way to the top 50, and competed in the semifinals. She did not make it through in her initial semifinal round, where she lost to Maria Haukaas Mittet (Then Maria Haukaas Storeng) and Kjartan Salvesen (the eventual winner). However, she received a call-back for the wildcards from the judge Anneli Drecker, with Drecker saying that Margaret was one of her favorite contestants. She was the top vote getter with her rendition of The Beatles' "Come Together" thus making it to the top 11 alongside fellow contestant Susanne Nordboe.
Performances[link]
| Week # | Theme | Song choice | Original recording artist | Order # | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Audition | Auditioner's Choice | "Forgive Me Love" | Alanis Morissette | N/A | Advanced |
| Semifinals | N/A | "Were You Worth My Tears?" | Margaret Berger | N/A | Eliminated |
| Semifinals (Wildcard) | N/A | "Come Together" | The Beatles | N/A | Safe |
| Top 11 | Favorite Artist | "Forgiven" | Alanis Morissette | N/A | Safe |
| Top 9 | Norwegian Hits | "Splitter Pine" | DumDum Boys | N/A | Bottom three |
| Top 8 | Disco | "Don't Leave Me This Way" | Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes | N/A | Bottom three |
| Top 7 | Year They Were Born | "Walking On Sunshine" | Katrina and the Waves | N/A | Bottom three |
| Top 6 | VG-lista Top 20 Top 5 Hits | "Murder on the Dancefloor" | Sophie Ellis-Bextor | N/A | Safe |
| Top 5 | Big Band | "It's Oh So Quiet" | Björk | N/A | Bottom two |
| Top 4 | Songs of the Cinema | "Queen of the Night" "Uninvited" |
Whitney Houston Alanis Morissette |
N/A | Safe |
| Top 3 | Judges' Choice | "It's My Life" "Stop" |
No Doubt Sam Brown |
2 5 |
Safe |
| Top 2 | Contestant's Choice Contestant's Choice Winner's Single |
"Come Together" "Forgiven" "Standing Tall" |
The Beatles Alanis Morissette Kjartan Salvesen |
1 3 5 |
Runner-up |
Discography[link]
- 2004: Chameleon
- 2006: Pretty Scary Silver Fairy
References[link]
- ^ a b Hoffman, K. Ross. "Chameleon > Review". Allmusic. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
- ^ a b c "Discography Margaret Berger". NorwegianCharts.com. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ^ Hoffman, K. Ross. "Margaret Berger > Biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ^ Merwin, Charles. "Margaret Berger: Pretty Scary Silver Fairy Review". Stylus Magazine. 15 February 2007. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
- ^ Hoffman, K. Ross. "Pretty Scary Silver Fairy > Review". Allmusic. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
- ^ Wallum, Stian. "Margaret til dansegulvet". Adressa.no. 13 May 2006. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
- ^ "NRK-toppjobb for Idol-Margaret". Hitra-Froya.no. 10 December 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
- ^ "Moslet kaller MGP stuerent". Kampanje.com. 10 December 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Berger, Margaret |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 11 October 1985 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Margaret_Berger
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Berger
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people with this name, see Bruce Campbell (disambiguation).
| Bruce Campbell | |
|---|---|
 Campbell in November 2009 |
|
| Born | Bruce Lorne Campbell (1958-06-22) June 22, 1958 (age 54) Royal Oak, Michigan, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actor, author, producer, writer, director |
| Years active | 1976-Present |
| Spouse |
|
| Website | |
| bruce-campbell.com | |
Bruce Lorne Campbell (born June 22, 1958) is an American film and television actor. As a cult movie actor, Campbell starred as Ashley J. "Ash" Williams in Sam Raimi's Evil Dead series of films and he has starred in many low-budget cult films such as Crimewave, Maniac Cop, Bubba Ho-tep, Escape From L.A. and Sundown: The Vampire in Retreat. He would later spoof his B-movie career in My Name Is Bruce, in which he starred and directed. He has since made appearances in films including Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs and Cars 2.
In television, Campbell is known for his lead role in The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr., his portrayal of Autolycus (the King of Thieves) in Hercules: The Legendary Journeys and Xena: Warrior Princess, and notably for his role as Sam Axe on the USA Network series Burn Notice.[1]
Contents |
Personal life[link]
Campbell was born in Royal Oak, Michigan, the son of Joanne Louise (née Pickens), a homemaker, and Charles Newton Campbell, an amateur actor and traveling billboard inspector. Bruce Campbell is of Scottish descent. He has an older brother, Don, and an older half-brother, Michael Rendine.[2]
Campbell's first wife was Christine Deveau, whom he married in 1983. They had two children, Rebecca and Andy, before their divorce in 1989. Campbell currently lives in Jacksonville, Oregon, with his second wife, costume designer Ida Gearon, whom he met on the set of the movie Mindwarp.
Campbell is left-handed.
Life and career[link]
Early years[link]
Bruce Campbell began acting as a teenager and soon began making short Super 8 movies with friends. After meeting Sam Raimi in Wylie E. Groves High School, the two became very good friends and started making movies together. Campbell would go on to attend Western Michigan University while he continued to work on his acting career. Campbell and Raimi collaborated on a 30-minute Super 8 version of the first Evil Dead film, titled Within the Woods, which was initially used to attract investors.
Major film roles[link]
A few years later, Campbell and Raimi got together with family and friends and began work on The Evil Dead. Campbell starred and worked behind the camera, receiving a "co-executive producer" credit. Raimi wrote, directed and edited, while fellow Michigander Rob Tapert was producer. Following an endorsement by horror writer Stephen King, the film slowly began to receive distribution. Four years following its original release, it became the number one movie in the UK. It then received distribution in the U.S., spawning two sequels: Evil Dead II and Army of Darkness. Campbell's role as Ashley J. "Ash" Williams has since become iconic. The first two films in the series are considered horror classics and are credited with spawning the "horror comedy" genre.
He was also drawn in the Marvel Zombie comics as his character, Ash Williams. He is featured in 5 comics, all in the series Marvel Zombies vs. Army of Darkness. In the comics he fights along side the Marvel heroes against the heroes and people who have turned into zombies (deadites) while in search of the Necronomicon (Book of the Dead).
He has appeared in many of Raimi's films outside of the Evil Dead series, notably cameo roles in the Spider-Man film series. Bruce Campbell also joined the cast in Raimi's Darkman and The Quick and the Dead, though having no actual screen time in the latter film's theatrical cut.
Campbell often takes on quirky roles, such as Elvis Presley in the film Bubba Ho-tep, and appears in B-Movies and starred in My Name Is Bruce. Along with Bubba Ho-tep, he also played a supporting role in Sky High, He also was featured in the Jim Carrey drama The Majestic. Campbell also had a key supporting role in the Coen Brothers film The Hudsucker Proxy.
Other roles for Campbell included the Michael Crichton adaptation Congo, the film version of McHale's Navy, and Escape From L.A., the sequel to John Carpenter's Escape From New York. Campbell was also the star of the Maniac Cop B-movie series.
Campbell had a starring voice role in the hit films 2009 animated adaptation of the children's book Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, and Cars 2.
In January 2010, he stated in an interview that his new film project is called Bruce vs. Frankenstein.[3] The film is directed and produced by his friend Mike Richardson.[4]
On July 13, 2011, Campbell announced that he would be producing the remake of The Evil Dead along with Sam Raimi and Rob Tapert. Campbell will not act in the movie as Ash, but may still make some sort of appearance in the film.
Television roles[link]
Outside of film, Campbell has appeared in a number of television series. He starred in The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. a boisterous science fiction comedy western created by Jeffrey Boam and Carlton Cuse that ran for one season. He played a lawyer turned bounty hunter who was trying to hunt down John Bly, the man who killed his father. He starred in the television series Jack of All Trades, set on a fictional island, occupied by the French in 1801. Campbell was also credited as co-executive producer, among others. The show was directed by Eric Gruendemann, and was produced by various people, including Sam Raimi. The show aired for two seasons, from 2000 to 2001. He had a recurring role as "Bill Church Jr." on Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman.
In 1996–1997, Campbell was a recurring guest star on the show Ellen as Ed Billik, who becomes Ellen's boss when she sells her bookstore in season four. He is also known for his supporting role as the recurring character Autolycus ("the King of Thieves") on both Hercules: The Legendary Journeys and Xena: Warrior Princess, which reunited him with producer Rob Tapert. Campbell played Hercules/Xena series producer Tapert in two episodes of Hercules set in the present. He directed a number of episodes of Hercules and Xena, including the Hercules series finale. Campbell also landed the lead role of race car driver Hank Cooper in the Disney made-for-television remake of The Love Bug.
Campbell made a critically acclaimed dramatic guest role as a grief-stricken detective seeking revenge for his father's murder in a two-part episode of the fourth season of Homicide: Life on the Street. Campbell later played the part of a bigamous demon in The X-Files episode, "Terms of Endearment". He also starred as Agent Jackman in the episode "Witch Way Now?" of the WB series Charmed, as well as playing an FBI agent in an episode of the short-lived series American Gothic titled "Meet the Beetles".
Campbell co-stars on the television series Burn Notice, which has aired since 2007 on USA Network. He portrays Sam Axe, a beer-chugging, womanizing former Navy SEAL now working as an unlicensed private investigator and occasional mercenary with his old friend Michael Westen, the show's main character. When working under cover, he frequently goes by the alias Chuck Finley. During Comic-Con 2010, it was revealed that Campbell would be the star of a Burn Notice made-for-television prequel focusing on Sam's Navy SEAL career, titled Burn Notice: The Fall of Sam Axe. The movie was first aired on April 17, 2011.[5]
Voice acting[link]
Campbell is featured as a voice actor in several video game titles. He provides the voice of Ash in the three games based on the Evil Dead film series: Evil Dead: Hail to the King, Evil Dead: A Fistful of Boomstick and Evil Dead: Regeneration. As well as titles such as Pitfall 3D: Beyond the Jungle, Spider-Man: The Movie, Spider-Man 2 and Spider-Man 3.
He provided the voice of main character Jake Logan in the PC title, Tachyon: The Fringe, the voice of main character Jake Burton in the PlayStation game Broken Helix and the voice of Magnanimous in Megas XLR. Campbell voiced the pulp adventurer Lobster Johnson in Hellboy: The Science of Evil and has done voice-over work for the Codemaster's game Hei$t, a game which was announced on the 28 January 2010 to have been "terminated". He also provided the voice of The Mayor in the 2009 film Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs, and the voice of Rod "Torque" Redline in Cars 2.
Writing[link]
File:If Chins Could Kill Cover.jpg
If Chins Could Kill...
In addition to acting and occasionally directing, Campbell has become a writer, including authoring an autobiography, If Chins Could Kill: Confessions of a B Movie Actor. The autobiography was a successful New York Times Best Seller.[6] The paperback version of the book adds a chapter about the reaction of fans at book signings.
"Whenever I do mainstream stuff, I think they're pseudo-interested, but they're still interested in seeing weirdo, offbeat stuff. And that's what I'm attracted to."
If Chins Could Kill... was published in 2002 and follows Campbell's career to date as an actor in low-budget films and television, providing his insight into "Blue-Collar Hollywood".
Campbell has also written a book titled Make Love! The Bruce Campbell Way, a comical novel featuring himself as the main character struggling to make it into the world of A-list movies. He later recorded an audio play adaptation of Make Love with fellow Michigan actors including long time collaborator Ted Raimi. This radio drama styled interpretation of the novel was released through independent label Rykodisc and spans 6 discs with a 6 hour running time.
In addition to his novels, Campbell also wrote a column for X Ray Magazine in 2001, an issue of the popular comic series The Hire, comic book adaptations of his Man With The Screaming Brain and most recently he wrote the introduction to Josh Becker's The Complete Guide To Low Budget Feature Film Making.
Campbell maintained a blog on his official website, where he posts mainly about politics and the film industry.[7]
Filmography[link]
Films[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Director | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1977 | It's Murder! | Cop on Bicycle | Sam Raimi | Short film |
| 1978 | Within the Woods | Ashley J. "Ash" Williams | ||
| 1979 | Attack of the Helping Hand | Scott Spiegel | Short film | |
| Cinematographer only | ||||
| 1981 | The Evil Dead | Ashley J. "Ash" Williams | Sam Raimi | |
| 1982 | Cleveland Smith: Bounty Hunter | Cleveland Smith | Josh Becker | Short film |
| 1983 | Going Back | Brice Chapman | Ron Teachworth | |
| 1985 | Crimewave | Renaldo 'The Heel' | Sam Raimi | |
| Stryker's War | Video newscaster | Josh Becker | Also writer | |
| 1987 | Evil Dead II | Ashley J. "Ash" Williams | Sam Raimi | |
| 1988 | Maniac Cop | Jack Forrest | William Lustig | |
| 1989 | Intruder | Officer Howard | Scott Spiegel | |
| Moontrap | Ray Tanner | Robert Dyke | ||
| The Dead Next Door | Voice | J.R. Bookwalter | ||
| 1990 | Sundown: The Vampire in Retreat | Robert Van Helsing | Anthony Hickox | |
| Maniac Cop 2 | Jack Forrest | William Lustig | ||
| Darkman | Final Shemp | Sam Raimi | Cameo | |
| 1991 | Lunatics: A Love Story | Ray | Josh Becker | |
| 1992 | Eddie Presley | Asylum Attendant | Jeff Burr | |
| Waxwork II: Lost in Time | John Loftmore | Anthony Hickox | ||
| Mindwarp | Stover | Steve Barnett | ||
| Army of Darkness | Ashley J. "Ash" Williams | Sam Raimi | ||
| 1994 | The Hudsucker Proxy | Smitty | Joel and Ethan Coen | |
| 1995 | Congo | Charles Travis | Frank Marshall | |
| The Demolitionist | Raffle Winner | Robert Kurtzman | ||
| 1996 | Fargo | Soap Opera Actor | Joel and Ethan Coen | |
| Tornado! | Jake Thorne | Noel Nosseck | Television film | |
| Escape from L.A. | Surgeon General of Beverly Hills | John Carpenter | ||
| Assault on Dome 4 | Alex Windham | Gilbert Po | Television film | |
| 1997 | In the Line of Duty: Blaze of Glory | Jeff Erickson | Dick Lowry | |
| Menno's Mind | Mick Dourif, Rebel Leader | Jon Kroll | ||
| Running Time | Carl | Josh Becker | ||
| McHale's Navy | Virgil | Bryan Spicer | ||
| The Love Bug | Hank Cooper | Peyton Reed | Television film | |
| Goldrush: A Real Life Alaskan Adventure | Pierce Thomas 'PT' Madison | John Power | ||
| 1998 | The Ice Rink | Actor | Jean-Philippe Toussaint | |
| 1999 | From Dusk till Dawn 2: Texas Blood Money | Barry | Scott Spiegel | |
| Double Jeopardy | Party Bartender | Bruce Beresford | Cameo | |
| 2000 | Icebreaker | Carl Greig | David Giancola | |
| Timequest | William Roberts | Robert Dyke | ||
| 2001 | Hubert's Brain | Thompson | Phil Alden Robinson | Voice |
| The Majestic | Roland the Intrepid Explorer | Frank Darabont | ||
| 2002 | Spider-Man | Ring Announcer | Sam Raimi | Cameo |
| Bubba Ho-tep | Elvis Presley | Don Coscarelli | ||
| Serving Sara | Gordon Moore | Reginald Hudlin | ||
| Terminal Invasion | Jack | Sean S. Cunningham | Television film | |
| 2003 | Drugs | Bruce | Chad Peter | Direct-to-video |
| Intolerable Cruelty | Soap opera actor on TV | Joel and Ethan Coen | ||
| 2004 | The Ladykillers | Humane Society Worker | ||
| Comic Book: The Movie | Himself | Mark Hamill | ||
| Spider-Man 2 | Snooty Usher | Sam Raimi | Cameo | |
| 2005 | Alien Apocalypse | Dr. Ivan Hood | Josh Becker | Television film |
| Man with the Screaming Brain | William Cole | Bruce Campbell | ||
| Sky High | Coach Boomer | Mike Mitchell | ||
| 2006 | The Woods | Joe Fasulo | Lucky McKee | |
| Touch the Top of the World | Ed Weihenmayer | Peter Winther | Television film | |
| The Ant Bully | Fugax | John A. Davis | Voice | |
| 2007 | Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters | Chicken Bittle | Matt Maiellaro, Dave Willis | |
| Spider-Man 3 | Maître d’ | Sam Raimi | Cameo | |
| My Name is Bruce | Bruce Campbell | |||
| 2009 | Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs | Mayor Shelbourne | Phil Lord and Chris Miller | Voice |
| White on Rice | Muramoto | Dave Boyle | ||
| 2011 | Burn Notice: The Fall of Sam Axe | Sam Axe | Jeffrey Donovan | Television film |
| Cars 2 | Rod "Torque" Redline | John Lasseter, Brad Lewis | Voice | |
| 2013 | Oz: The Great and Powerful | Sam Raimi | ||
| TBA | Bruce vs. Frankenstein | Bruce Campbell | Possible upcoming role | |
TV series[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1987 | Knots Landing | Joel Benson | 9.07 "Say Uncle" |
| 1989 | Generations | Alan Stuart | |
| 1993 | The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. | Brisco County Jr. | Series Lead (1993–1994) |
| 1995 | Hercules: The Legendary Journeys | Autolycus | 1995–1999 |
| Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman | Bill Church Jr. | 2.20 "Individual Responsibility"; 2.21 "Whine, Whine, Whine"; 3.01 "We Have a Lot to Talk About" | |
| American Gothic | Lt. Drey | 1.07 "Meet the Beetles" | |
| 1996 | Ellen | Ed Billik | 7 episodes (1996–1997) |
| Xena: Warrior Princess | Autolycus | 1996–1999 | |
| Homicide: Life on the Street | Jake Rodzinsky | 4.13, 4.14 "Justice Parts 1 & 2" | |
| 1997 | Weird Science | Gene the Genie | 5.11 "I Dream of Gene" |
| 1998 | Hercules: The Legendary Journeys | Rob Tapert | 4.15 "Yes, Virginia, There Is a Hercules" |
| Timecop | Agent Tommy Maddox | 1.09 "The Future, Jack, the Future" | |
| 1999 | The X Files | Wayne Weinsider | 6.07 "Terms of Endearment" |
| Hercules: The Legendary Journeys | Rob Tapert | 5.09 "For Those of You Just Joining Us.." | |
| 2000 | Jack of All Trades | Jack Stiles / Daring Dragoon | Series Lead (2000–2001) |
| 2001 | Beggars and Choosers | Jack | 2.20 "The Long Goodbye" |
| The Legend of Tarzan | Max Liebling | 1.28 "Tarzan and One Punch Mullargan" | |
| 2002 | Charmed | FBI Agent Jackman | 4.22 "Witch Way Now?" |
| 2003 | Duck Dodgers | Pork Piggler | 1.06 "K-9 Kaddy/Pig of Action" |
| My Life as a Teenage Robot | Himcules | 1.11 "Daydream Believer/This Time with Feeling" | |
| 2004 | Megas XLR | Magnanimous | 1.03 "Battle Royale"; 2.02 "The Return" |
| 2006 | Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! | Captain Shuggazoom | 4.49 "Golden Age" |
| The Replacements | Phil Mygrave | 5 episodes (2006–2009) | |
| 2007 | Burn Notice | Sam Axe | A Main Character (2007–Present) |
See also[link]
- If Chins Could Kill: Confessions of a B Movie Actor (ISBN 0-312-24264-6),
- Make Love! The Bruce Campbell Way (ISBN 0-312-31260-1)
References[link]
- ^ Joe Rhodes (2008-9-12). "Bruce Campbell’s Prime-Time Moment". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/14/arts/television/14rhod.html.
- ^ Bruce Campbell biography, Yahoo! Movies
- ^ "Bruce Campbell Vs. Frankenstein! Gimme Some Stitches, Baby!". http://www.dreadcentral.com/news/35405/bruce-campbell-vs-frankenstein-gimme-some-stitches-baby.
- ^ "Listen up, screwheads! Bruce Campbell has a message for ya'!". http://www.aintitcool.com/node/43676.
- ^ The Chicago Tribune
- ^ "The New York Times". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/books/01/07/08/bsp/besthardnonfiction.html.
- ^ Bruce Campbell blog
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bruce Campbell |
- Official website
- Bruce Campbell at the Internet Movie Database
- Bruce Campbell at AllRovi
- Bruce Campbell at TV Tropes
- Salon Interviews Bruce Campbell
- "Not My Job" Bruce Campbell appears on Wait Wait, Don't Tell Me
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Campbell, Bruce |
| Alternative names | Campbell, Bruce Lorne |
| Short description | American actor |
| Date of birth | June 22, 1958 |
| Place of birth | Royal Oak, Michigan, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Bruce_Campbell
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Campbell
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
