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Eurostat is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in Luxembourg. Its main responsibilities are to provide statistical information to the institutions of the European Union (EU) and to promote the harmonisation of statistical methods across its member states and candidates for accession as well as EFTA countries. The organisations in the different countries which actively cooperate with Eurostat are summarised under the concept of the European Statistical System.

Organisation[link]

As a Directorate-General of the Commission, Eurostat is allocated to the portfolio of the European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud, Algirdas Šemeta ^[1].

The current Director-General of Eurostat is Walter Radermacher (de) since 2008, former President of the Federal Statistical Office of Germany. Current Deputy Director-General is Marie Bohatá (cs) since 2004, former President of the Czech Statistical Office.

History[link]

1953 The Statistics Division for the European Coal and Steel Community established.

1958 The European Community founded and the forerunner of Eurostat established.

1959 The present name of Eurostat as the Statistical Office of the European Communities adopted. First publication issued - on agricultural statistics.

1960 First Community Labour Force Survey.

1970 The European System of Integrated Economic Accounts (European System of Accounts, ESA) published and the general Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE) established.

1974 First domain in the statistical database Cronos databank installed.

1988 European Commission adopts a document defining the first policy for statistical information.

1989 The Statistical Programme Committee established and the first programme (1989–1992) adopted by the Council as an instrument for implementing statistical information policy.

1990 The Council adopts a directive on transmission of confidential data to Eurostat, previously an obstacle to Community statistical work.

1991 Eurostat’s role extended as a result of the agreement on establishment of the European Economic Area and adoption of the Maastricht Treaty.

1993 The single market extends Eurostat’s activities e.g. Intrastat established for statistics on intra-EU trade. Eurostat starts issuing regular news releases.

1994 First European household panel held, analysing income, employment, poverty, social exclusion, households, health, etc.

1997 Statistics added for the first time to the Treaty of Amsterdam and the Statistical Law approved by the Council. Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices HICP published for the first time - designed for Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (EMU) convergence criteria.

1998 The eleven countries in at the start of EMU (EUR-11) announced, and Eurostat issues the first indicators specific to the EMU area.

1999 Start of EMU, 1 January 2001.

2002 Start of the Euro on 1 January, Eurostat supplies key statistics for monetary policy.

2003 Irregularities were suspected in Eurostat, see Eurostat scandal.

2004 Start of free-of-charge dissemination of all statistical data except microdata for research purposes.

2005 Commission Recommendation on the independence, integrity and Accountability of the National and Community Statistical Authorities (European Statistics Code of Practice)

2005 Start of a three year peer review exercise across the European Statistical System to monitor compliance with the Code of Practice.

2007 The currently valid five-year Statistical Programme 2008-2012 was adopted.

2009 New European Regulation governing statistical cooperation in the European Union was adopted.

2010 Following strong critics from within and outside the EU on how it did handle falsified Greek data, Eurostat published a report^[2] to try to justify its procedures.

2011 Revision of European Statistics Code of Practice by the European Statistical System Committee.^[3]

Directors General[link]

Name	Nationality	Term
Rolf Wagenführ	Germany	1952–66
Raymond Dumas	France	1966–73
Jacques Mayer	France	1973–77
Aage Dornonville de la Cour	Denmark	1977–82
Pieter de Geus	Netherlands	1982–84
Silvio Ronchetti	Italy	1984–87
Yves Franchet	France	1987–03
Michel Vanden Abeele	Belgium	2003–04
Günther Hanreich	Austria	2004–06
Hervé Carré	France	2006–08
Walter Radermacher	Germany	2008–present

Main areas of statistical activities[link]

The Eurostat statistical work is structured into Themes and Sub-themes.

General statistical activities related to the European Statistical system are:

• Coordination and governance of the European Statistical System
• Statistical methodological coordination and research
• Statistical quality and reporting

Access to Eurostat statistics[link]

The most important statistics are made available via press releases. They are placed on the Eurostat Internet at 11:00 in the morning. This is also the time that the press release content may be distributed to the public by press agencies.

Eurostat disseminates its statistics free of charge via its Internet and its statistical databases that are accessible via the Internet. The statistics are hierarchically ordered in a navigation tree. Tables are distinguished from multi-dimensional datasets from which the statistics are extracted via an interactive tool.

In addition various printed publications are available either in electronic form free on the internet or in printed form via the EU Bookshop. Only larger publications are charged for as printed copies.

Since September 2009 Eurostat has pioneered a fully electronical way of publishing, Statistics Explained, like Wikipedia based on Mediawiki open source software and with a largely similar structure and navigation. Statistics Explained is not only a dissemination format, however, but also a wiki working platform for producing flagship publications like the Eurostat Yearbook.

Statistical data for research purposes[link]

Microdata, which in principle allows the identification of the statistical unit (e.g. a person in the labour force survey or a company for innovation statistics), is treated as strictly confidential. Under tight security procedures various anonymised datasets are provided to research institutions for validated research projects.

See also[link]

• Eurobarometer
• European Commission
• European Union
• European Forum for GeoStatistics
• Largest cities and metropolitan areas in the European Union (Eurostat)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Eurostat Home Page
• Statistics Explained - wiki-based encyclopaedia / glossary / portal for EU statistics
• Health-EU Portal the official public health portal of the European Union

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Eurostat

This article is an orphan, as few or no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; suggestions may be available. (February 2009)

Pedro Díaz (1546, Lupedo, Diocese of Toledo, Spain – 12 January 1618, Mexico) was a Roman Catholic missionary.

At twenty he joined the Society of Jesus, and had already been a teacher of philosophy for two years. In 1572 he was sent by Saint Francis Borgia to Mexico with the first band of Jesuits assigned to that mission, and was the first master of novices in the Province of Mexico. As rector of the colleges of Guadalajara and Mexico, superior of the professed house, provincial, and founder of the colleges of Oaxaca and Guadalajara in Mexico and founder of Mérida in Mexico, and twice procurator to Rome, he occupies a prominent place in the early history of the Jesuits in Mexico.

He was also the first to start the mission work of his brethren among the Indians of New Spain. He wrote the Letteras de Missionibus per Indiam Occidentalem a Nostris de Societate Institutis per annos 1590 et 1591.

External links[link]

• Catholic Encyclopedia article

Louis Brennan CB
Louis Brennan with a demonstration model
Born	(1852-01-28)28 January 1852 Castlebar, Ireland
Died	17 January 1932(1932-01-17) (aged 79) Montreux, Switzerland
Cause of death	Motor vehicle accident
Resting place	St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cemetery, Kensal Green, London 51°31′47″N 0°13′44″W / 51.529679°N 0.228953°W / 51.529679; -0.228953
Nationality	Irish-Australian
Occupation	Mechanical engineer and inventor
Known for	Inventor of the steerable Brennan Torpedo

Louis Brennan CB (28 January 1852 – 17 January 1932) was an Irish-Australian mechanical engineer and inventor.

Biography[link]

Brennan was born in Castlebar, Ireland, and moved to Melbourne, Australia in 1861 with parents. He started his career as a watchmaker and a few years later was articled to Alexander Kennedy Smith, a renowned civil and mechanical engineer of the period.

Brennan invented the idea of a steerable torpedo in 1874, from observing that if a thread is pulled on a reel at an angle with suitable leverage, the reel will move away from the thread side. Brennan spent some years working out his invention, and received a grant of £700 from the Victorian government towards his expenses. He patented the Brennan Torpedo in 1877. The idea was trialled at Camden Fort near Crosshaven, Cork, Ireland.^[1]

Brennan went to England in 1880 and brought his invention before the War Office. Sir Andrew Clarke alerted the authorities to the possibilities of the torpedo if used in the defence of harbours and channels, and the patent was eventually bought for a sum believed to be more than £100,000. In 1887 Brennan was appointed superintendent of the Brennan torpedo factory, and was consulting engineer 1896–1907.

He did much work on a monorail locomotive which was kept upright by a gyrostat. In 1903 he patented a gyroscopically-balanced monorail system that he designed for military use; he successfully demonstrated the system on 10 November 1909, at Gillingham, England, but fears that the gyroscopes might fail prevented adoption of the system for widespread use.^[2]

From 1916 to 1919 Brennan served in the munitions inventions department. From 1919 to 1926 he was engaged by the air ministry in aircraft research work at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough,^[3] and gave much time to the invention of a helicopter. The government spent a large sum of money on it, but in 1926 the air ministry gave up working on it, much to Brennan's disappointment.^[4]

Brennan's gyroscopically balanced monorail on a demonstration run.

In January 1932 he was knocked down by a car at Montreux, Switzerland, and died on 17 January 1932. He had married Anna Quinn (died 1931) on 10 September 1892. He was survived by a son and a daughter. Brennan was created a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1892, and was foundation member of the National Academy of Ireland in 1922.^[3]

Brennan was buried at St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cemetery, Kensal Green, London in an unmarked plot numbered 2454 that is opposite the Chapel record office.^[5]

Gillingham library retains the archive of his papers.

See also[link]

• Gillingham

References[link]

External links[link]

• The gyroscopic monorail of Louis Brennan
• "Louis Brennan: The Wizard of Oz" in Heroes and Villians of Ireland. Turtle Bunbury.

Further reading[link]

• Tomlinson, Norman (1980). Louis Brennan - Inventor Extrordinaire. John Halliwell. ISBN 0905540182. 
• Wilkes, Robert Edward (1973). Louis Brennan CB. Gillingham Library & Arts Committee. pp. 30. ISBN 0903316056. 

Medal record
Men's field hockey
Competitor for the  Netherlands
Olympic Games
Gold	1996 Atlanta	Team
Gold	2000 Sydney	Team
Bronze	1988 Seoul	Team
World Cup
Gold	1998 Utrecht	Team
Champions Trophy
Gold	2000 Amstelveen	Team

Franciscus Ronaldus ("Ronald") Maria Jansen (born December 30, 1963 in Sint-Michielsgestel, Noord-Brabant) is a former field hockey goalkeeper from The Netherlands, who twice won the golden medal at the Summer Olympics.

He played a total number of 183 international matches for his native country, and made his debut on June 23, 1987 at the 1987 Champions Trophy in the match against Argentina. A year later he made his Olympic debut at the 1988 Summer Olympics, as a stand-in for first choice Frank Leistra, and won the bronze medal.

In the Dutch League Jansen played for Oranje Zwart and HC Den Bosch. He retired in the spring of 2000, just before the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Afterwards he became a hockey coach, first at his old club HC Den Bosch, later as an assistant of head coach Roelant Oltmans at the Men's National Team of Pakistan, which he guided during the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

External links[link]

• Dutch Hockey Federation

Ronald Jansen – International Tournaments v t e Netherlands squad – 1988 Summer Olympics 1 Marc Benninga 2 Floris Jan Bovelander 3 Jacques Brinkman 4 Maurits Crucq 5 Marc Delissen 6 Cees Jan Diepeveen 7 Patrick Faber 8 Taco van den Honert 9 Ronald Jansen 10 René Klaassen 11 Hendrik Jan Kooijman 12 Hidde Kruize 13 Frank Leistra 14 Erik Parlevliet 15 Gert Jan Schlatmann 16 Tim Steens Coach: Hans Jorritsma v t e Netherlands squad – 1996 Summer Olympics 1 Jansen 2 Lomans 3 Klein Gebbink 4 Jazet 5 Van Meer 6 Van Pelt 7 Delissen (c) 8 Brinkman 9 Crucq 10 Veen 11 Bovelander 12 Delmee 13 Vogels 14 De Nooijer 15 Van Wijk 16 Van den Honert Coach: Oltmans v t e Netherlands squad – 1998 FIH World Cup 1 Jansen 2 Lomans 3 Klein Gebbink 4 Jazet 5 Van Meer 6 Van Pelt 7 Van der Weide 8 Brinkman 9 Geeris 10 Veen (c) 11 Van 't Hek 12 Delmee 13 Looije 14 De Nooijer 15 Van Wijk 16 Buma Coach: Oltmans v t e Netherlands squad – 2000 Champions Trophy 1 Jansen 4 Jazet 6 Van Pelt 7 Van der Weide 8 Brinkman 9 Geeris 10 Veen (c) 12 Delmee 13 Vogels 14 De Nooijer 15 Van Wijk 16 Buma 17 Windt 18 Eikelboom 19 Van Esseveldt 21 Van Weel 24 Taekema 25 Brouwer Coach: Hendriks

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