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Life in Cuba
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Arroz con pollo (rice with chicken)

Cuban cuisine is a fusion of Spanish, African, and Caribbean cuisine. Cuban recipes share spices and techniques with Spanish and African cooking, with some Caribbean influence in spice and flavor. This results in a unique, interesting and flavorful blend of the several different cultural influences, with strong similarities with the cuisine of the neighboring Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. A small but noteworthy Chinese influence can also be accounted for, mainly in the Havana area. During colonial times, Cuba was an important port for trade, and many Spaniards who lived there brought their culinary traditions along with them.^[1]

As a result of the colonization of Cuba by Spain, one of the main influences on the cuisine is from Spain. Along with Spain, other culinary influences include Africa, from the Africans that were brought to Cuba as slaves, and Dutch, from the French colonists are that came to Cuba from Haiti.^[1] Another important factor is that Cuba itself is an island, making seafood something that greatly influences Cuban cuisine. Another contributing factor to Cuban cuisine is the fact that Cuba is in a tropical climate. The tropical climate produces fruits and root vegetables that are used in Cuban dishes and meals.^[2]

A typical meal would consist of rice and beans, cooked together or apart. When cooked together the recipe is called either "Congri" (red beans and rice) or "Moros" or "Moros y Cristianos" (black beans and rice). If cooked separately it is called "Arroz con/y Frijoles" (rice with/and beans).^[3][4] A main course (mainly pork or beef), some sort of vianda (not to be confused with the French viande which stands for "meat", this term encompasses several types of tubers, such as yuca, malanga, and potato, as well as plantains, unripe bananas and even corn), a salad (usually simply composed of tomato, lettuce and avocado, though cucumber, carrots, cabbage and radish are not uncommon). Curiously, typical criollo meals largely ignore fruit, except ripe plantains, which are usually consumed together with the rice and beans. Tropical fruit could be served, however, depending on each family's preferences. Usually, all dishes are brought together to the table at once, except maybe for desserts.

Boliche

Rice and beans are a culinary element found throughout Cuba, although it varies by region. In the eastern part of the island, "arroz congri oriental" is the predominant rice and bean dish. White rice and red kidney beans are cooked together with a sofrito and then baked in the oven. The same procedure is used for the above mentioned Congri (also known by the terms Arroz Moro and Moros y Cristianos - literally "Moors and Christians") which instead uses black beans. Although the process of preparing the black bean soup contains basics (onion, garlic, bay leaf, salt) each region has their tradition of preparing it.

Meat, when available on ration book is usually served in light sauces. The most popular sauce, used to accompany not only roasted pork, but also the viandas, is Mojo or Mojito (not to be confused with the Mojito cocktail), made with oil, garlic, onion, spices such as oregano and bitter orange or lime juice. The origin of Cuban mojo comes from the mojo sauces of the Canary Islands. Cuban mojo is made with different ingredients, but the same idea and technique is used from the Canary Islands. Of course with so many Canary Islander immigrants in Cuba, the Canary Islander influence was strong. Ropa vieja is shredded beef dish (usually flank) simmered in tomato-based criollo sauce until it falls apart. ropa vieja is the Spanish name meaning "old clothes", in which the dish gets its name from the shredded meat resembling "old clothes". Ropa vieja is also from the Canary Islands, as is many of the origins of Cuban food. Boliche is a beef roast, stuffed with chorizo sausage and hard boiled eggs.

Equally popular are tamales, although not exactly similar to its Mexican counterpart. Made with corn flour, shortening and pieces of pork meat, tamales are wrapped in corn leaves and tied, boiled in salted water and served in a number of different ways. Tamales en cazuela is almost the same recipe, although it does not require the lengthy process of packing the tamales in the corn leaves before cooking, but rather is directly cooked in the pot. Tamales as well as black bean soup, are among the few indigenous foods that have remained part of the modern Cuban cuisine.

Stews and soups are common. These are usually consumed along with white rice or gofio (a type of corn flour, also from the Canary Islands), or eaten alone. Corn stew, corn soup (guiso), caldosa (a soup made with a variety of tubers and meats), are popular dishes as well. Also common when available are the popular white bean Spanish stews, such as Caldo Gallego (Galician stew), Fabada Asturiana (Asturian Stew) and Cocido de Garbanzos (chickpea stew).

Western Cuba cuisine[link]

Although Western Cuba's cooking is technically criollo as well (as this term signifies the existence of Spanish roots), its style can be separated from mainstream criollo, particularly in Havana. This city, for a number of reasons, was more continental and closer to the European cuisine.^{[citation needed]} There's also a notable Chinese influence, in dishes such as sopa china (an egg and onion soup) and arroz salteado (sauteed rice), among others. Rice is usually consumed separately from beans, and flour is much more commonly used (it is almost completely ignored in mainstream criollo cooking). Some Havana dishes make frequent use of alcaparrado, a mix of olives, raisins and capers which provide the sweet-and-sour inspired flavor that is typical of this cuisine. Alcaparrado is used as an ingredient in several recipes, usually as part of sauces to accompany meats. It is also cooked together with ground beef to provide the meat stuffing for a variety of Cuban pastries, or finger food, very popular with Cubans.

Other common finger foods and dishes of Havana are pastelitos (puff pastry filled with fruit pulps (especially guava) or ground beef), croquetas (small cylinders of paste, made with a heavy bechamel sauce and ground beef, ham, chicken, fish, or cheese, covered with breadcrumbs and deep fried), papas rellenas (fried potato balls filled with ground beef), picadillo à la Habanera (ground beef with alcaparrado, served with white rice, black beans and fried plantains) and niños envueltos (beef filled with alcaparrado and served in pepper sauce).

Western cuisine also makes wider use of eggs, particularly omelettes (such as tortilla de papa) and fried eggs (huevos à la habanera, fried eggs served over white rice and fried plantains). Fish dishes are also common, especially in coastal areas, and although Cuba has a well-developed lobster fishing industry, it is used very sparsely. Aside from Cuba's present economic condition, which makes lobster an unreachable food for most families, Cuban cuisine was always of inland origin, therefore fish and sea products are as commonly used as in coastal areas, where crab is another common food staple. Popular fish recipes are enchilado (shrimp, fish, crab or lobster in a sauce that, despite its name, contains no chili), and à la vizcaína, a tomato-based sauce of Basque origin used to cook bacalao (salted cod).

Other Spanish dishes can be found in Cuba, such as the paella, arroz con pollo (chicken cooked with yellow rice much like a paella), and the empanada gallega (which is similar to an English meat pie). Due to heavy Galician and Asturian migration during the early 20th century, many northern Spanish dishes made their way to Cuba and influenced the cooking of many families, like the pulpo à la gallega.

Eastern Cuba cuisine[link]

While western Cuba is heavily influenced by its European roots, eastern Cuba (the old Oriente province) is influenced by African and Caribbean cuisines. Perhaps the biggest contribution is the Congrí oriental, which is cooked red beans and rice. This is due to the close proximity to the other Spanish-speaking islands, where red beans are more prevalent than black beans. Many foods from the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico can be found in eastern Cuba with their own twists. One example would be the mofongo (called fufú de plátano in Cuba), which is mashed plantains stuffed with pork, chicken, or seafood. The name "fufu" comes from Western Africa.

Sandwiches[link]

The majority of sandwiches in Cuba make use of traditional Cuban bread, a long loaf made with lard, instead of oil, and extra moisture, the combination of which lends the bread a distinctive texture.

Cuban sandwich[link]

Typical Cuban sandwich (picture from South Florida)

A Cuban sandwich (sometimes called a "mixto", especially in Cuba^[5][6]) is a popular lunch item that grew out of the once-open flow of cigar workers between Cuba and Florida (specifically Key West and Ybor City, Tampa) in the late 1800s and has since spread to other Cuban-American communities.^[7][8][9]

The sandwich is built on a base of lightly buttered Cuban bread and contains sliced roast pork, thinly sliced Serrano ham, Swiss cheese, dill pickles, and yellow mustard. In Tampa, Genoa salami^[10] is traditionally layered in with the other meats, probably due to influence of Italian immigrants who lived side-by-side with Cubans and Spaniards in Ybor City.^[11] Tomatoes and lettuce are available additions in many restaurants, but these are considered by traditionalists as an unacceptable Americanization of the sandwich.^[12][5]

After assembly, the Cuban sandwich is usually pressed in a panini-type grill called a "plancha", which both heats and compresses the contents.^[5] It is cut in half diagonally before serving.

Other sandwiches[link]

A medianoche sandwich is very similar to a Cuban sandwich except that Cuban bread is replaced by an egg loaf and ham is sometimes excluded. It received its name (medianoche means "midnight") from its popularity as a midnight snack in the nightclubs of Havana.

Pan con lechón is a traditional pressed sandwich created simply with Cuban bread, roasted pork, onions, and mojito. Pan con bistec is made in the same fashion, but the pork is replaced with a thin flank steak.

Another sandwich of Cuba is the "Elena Ruz". Elena Ruz was a young society debutante in 1930's who would stop at El Carmelo, a popular restaurant and confectionery shop in Havana after an evening at the opera or a social function, and would ask the waiter if he would fix her a sandwich to her orders. It is prepared on white or Cuban bread, with a layer of cream cheese on one slice, a layer of strawberry jam or preserves on the other, and thin slices of turkey breast in between.^[13]

Other traditional sandwiches include pan con timba (bread with guayaba paste and cream cheese), pan con chorizo also known as choripán (Cuban bread with thin cut Spanish chorizo sausage), and the frita.

The frita became popular in Cuba in the 1930s. It is a Cuban version of the American hamburger, although with significant changes. It is prepared with ground beef mixed with ground chorizo. The patties are made small and fried on a griddle. The fried patty is served in a small Cuban bread hamburger bun, topped with onion, tomato, lettuce and shoestring potato sticks.

List of Cuban dishes[link]

Plantains

At a casa particular in Viñales, a pig is prepared for a feast.

Cuban drinks[link]

• Cuba Libre - Rum, coca-cola, sugar, and lime
• Daiquiri
• El Presidente
• Guarapo
• Havana Cooler - Rum, mint, sprite or ginger ale
• Malta (soft drink)
• Mojito - Rum, mint, sugar, lime, and club soda

See also[link]

	Food portal
	Cuba portal

• Flattop grill

References[link]

Bibliography[link]

Dulce de leche

• Aróstegui, Gonzalo, et al.: Manual del Cocinero Criollo, Cuba, 19th century.
• Buchmann, Christine. "Cuban Home Gardens and Their Role in Social–Ecological Resilience." Human Ecology: An Interdisciplinary Journal 37.6 (2009): 705-721. 16 Jan. 2010.
• Folch, Christine. "Fine Dining: Race in Prerevolution Cookbooks." Latin American Research Review 43.2 (2008): 205-223. 3 Feb. 2010.
• Hunt, Nigel. "The Agriculture History in Cuba." Cuba Agriculture. 2008. Web. 11 Feb 2010.
• Murray, James. "Cuban Cuisine, Cuba History and Their Food." 2009. Articlesbase. Web. 16 January 2010.
• Reyes Gavilán y Maen, Maria Antonieta: Delicias de la mesa. Manual de Cocina y Reposteria, 12ed., Ediciones Cultural S.A., La Habana, 1952.
• Rodriguez, Hector. "Cuban Food Profile: Cuban Food History." 2010. Latinfood.about.com. Web 16 January 2010.
• Villapol, Nitza: Cocina Cubana, 3ed., ISBN 959-05-0042-0, Editorial Cientifico-Técnica, Habana, 1992.
• Warwick, Hugh. "Cuba's Organic Revolution." Forum for Applied Research & Public Policy 16:2(2001): 54-58. 27 Feb. 2010.

Historical Aspects of Cuban Cuisine

• Brenner, Philip, Jimenez, Marguerite, Kirk, John, and Leo Grunde, William. A Contemporary Cuba Reader: Reinventing the Revolution. Rowman and Littlefield Publication. 2008.
• Harpers Weekly. Starvation in Cuba. The New York Times: May 30, 1897.
• Hernandez, Rafael. Looking at Cuba: Essays on Culture and Civil Society. University of Florida Press, 2003. P. 101
• Houston, Lynn Marie. Food Culture Around the World: Food Culture in the Caribbean. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2005. Pg. 115-116.
• Maria Josefa Lluria de O’Higgins. A Taste of Old Cuba: More Than 150 Recipes for Delicious, Authentic, and Traditional Dishes Highlighted with Reflections and Reminiscences. New York: Harper Collins Publisher. 1994.
• Pieroni, Andrea and Price, Lisa L. Eating and Healing: Traditional Food as Medicine. New York, 2006. Haworth Press Inc.
• Randelman, Mary U. and Schwartz, Joan, Memories of a Cuban Kitchen: More than 200 classic recipes. New York: Macmillian. 1992.

External links[link]

Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on Empanada

• Free Cuban recipes
• Eating the Cuban way
• Three Guys From Miami Cuban Food Recipes
• Cuban Cuisine Article
• Arroz y Frijoles Cuban Food & Drink

El Oriental
El Oriental in April 2010
Ring name(s)	El Oriental
Billed height	1.68 m (5 ft 6 in)[1]
Billed weight	80 kg (180 lb)[1]
Born	(1972-12-06) December 6, 1972 (age 39)[2] Deportivo Sexenal, Mexico City, Mexico
Billed from	Nezahualcoyotl, Mexico State, Mexico
Trained by	Blue Panther[2] Dr. Wagner[2] Alfonso "Acorazado" Moreno[2]
Debut	01992-10-23October 23, 1992

Noé Astro Moreno Leon (born December 6, 1972) is a Mexican Luchador known under the ring name El Oriental, currently works for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) but is mainly known for his almost 10 year long stint in Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) along with his sisters Cynthia, Rossy and Esther Moreno. He is the son of wrestler and promoter Alfonso "Acorazado" Moreno and has worked over 70 tours of Japan.

Professional wrestling career[link]

The person who would later become known as El Oriental was born on December 6, 1972 son of Mexican luchador and wrestling promoter Alfonso Moreno. Later on Moreno along with Dr. Wagner and Blue Panther trained El Oriental for his professional wrestling career.^[2] He made his debut on October 23, 1992 in Arena Azteca Budokan, the arena his father operated at the time. El Oriental adopted the ring name upon making his debut and has competed exclusively under that name since then. Early in his career he worked mainly in or around his home state of Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl, Mexico State, often working with his sisters Cynthia, Rossy and Esther Moreno.^[3]

Touring in Japan[link]

El Oriental showing respect for his opponent

El Oriental has made frequent tours of Japan, over 70 tours so far.^[2] He made his first tour of Japan early in his career as he worked for W*ING in 1995. Over the years El Oriental has learned to speak Japanese, which mean that he was later used as a translator for other Mexican wrestlers touring Japan. In the late 1990s he began working for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's (CMLL) Japanese affiliate CMLL Japan, which co-promoted shows with Japanese based Osaka Pro Wrestling (OPW). In Japan he became the frequent tag team partner of Tsubasa, with the duo winning the CMLL Japan Tag Team Championship in 1999.^[4] The team lost the belts to Masato Yakushiji and Naohiro Hoshikawa on July 2, 1999 shortly before CMLL Japan folded.^[4] El Oriental continued to work tours for OPW even after his association with CMLL ended. On April 4, 2000 El Oriental wrestled and lost to Abismo Negro during the second day of the Michinoku Pro promoted Super J Cup.^[5] On December 24, 2000 El Oriental won Osaka Pro's Hirapar Cup when he won a 13-man battle royal.^[6] During his time with OPW he won the Osaka Pro Middleweight Championship on one occasion and also brought the MWF World Welterweight Championship into the promotion when he lost it to OPW regular Kabuto Beetle on his last OPW appearance.^[2]

In 2005 El Oriental began working for Pro Wrestling NOAH as a result of a developing working relationship between NOAH and Asistencia Asesoría y Administración which resulted in several extended tours of Japan. In August 2008 El Oriental, along with Laredo Kid, Histeria and Antifaz travelled to Japan to compete on Pro Wrestling NOAH's 2007 "Shiny Navigation" tour that ran over ten events from August 19, 2007 until September 2, 2009. On most nights El Oriental teamed with Laredo Kid against Histeria and Antifaz, sometimes in six man matches teaming with Ricky Marvin while Histeria and Antifaz teamed with Rocky Romero.^{[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]} On September 3, 2009 on the last night in Japan Laredo Kid teamed with Super Fly to defeat Atsushi Aoki and Ippei Ota on a joint AAA/NOAH show called TripleSEM.^[17] On September 3, 2007 he took part in the tour ending, joint AAA/NOAH event called TripleSEM. He teamed up with Pimpinela Escarlata and Chikayo Nagashima to defeat Cassandro, Takashi Sugiura and Faby Apache.^[17] He has not worked in Japan since September, 2007.

Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre[link]

In the late 1990s El Oriental began working regularly for CMLL, the world's oldest wrestling promotion. During his time in CMLL El Oriental won the Districto Federal Lightweight Championship and worked a storyline feud with Virus that started in a tournamen to crown a new Mexican National Lightweight Champion. Damiancito defeated El Oriental in the finals and the two worked a rivalry centering about both guy's titles although neither changed hands during the feud.^[18] On September 18, 1998 El Oriental wrestled on CMLL's biggest show of the year, the CMLL 65th Anniversary Show where he teamed up with Sendero only to lose to the team of Virus and Halcon Negro, Jr.^[19] The following year he wrestled on CMLL's 1999 Ruleta de la Muerte show, where he and his team mates Starman, Astro Rey, Jr., Tigre Blanco and Mr. Águila lost to El Satánico, Zumbido, Valentin Mayo, Virus and Rencor Latino in an elimination match.^[20] El Oriental left CMLL not long after the Ruleta de la Muerte show, seeking better opportunities elsewhere.

Asistencia Asesoría y Administración[link]

After leaving CMLL El Oriental quickly ended up working for CMLL's biggest rival Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA). He made his first appearance at a major AAA event when he teamed up with La Parka, Héctor Garza and Máscara Sagrada to defeat the team of El Hijo del Solitario, Abismo Negro, Electroshock, Blue Demon, Jr. at AAA's 1999 Guerra de Titanes show.^[21] Following that event El Oriental became involved in a storyline feud against Pentagón which saw El Oriental's sister Esther join him in the fight against Pentagón and his wife Xóchitl Hamada. The two met at the 2000 Rey de Reyes where Pentagón defeated El Oriental.^[22] In June 2000 Oriental teamed with his sister Esther for TripleMania VIII, which took place in Tokyo, Japan. The team wrestled to a draw against Pentagón and Xóchitl Hamada as both teams were counted out.^[23]

On October 13, 2000 El Oriental defeated Super Crazy to win the UWA World Welterweight Championship, his first AAA promoted championship ever. He held the title until early 2001 when he was forced to vacate the title after being injured during a match.^[24] After recovering from his injury El Oriental participated in the 2002 Rey de Reyes tournament, but was eliminated by Cibernético in the opening round.^[25] At Triplemania X he was one of six wrestlers who participated in the main event. Each of the six wrestlers bet the hair of a referee on the outcome of the match. El Oriental represented referee Hijo del Tirantes in the match, but was not involved in the finish of the match as Heavy Metal pinned Sangre Chicana.^[26] between late 2002 and mid-2003 El Oriental suffered various injuries that kept him out of the ring for long stretches of time. At the 2003 Guerra de Titanes Cynthia Moreno, El Oriental, Mascarita Sagrada and Pimpinela Escarlata defeated Faby Apache, Gran Apache, Mini Abismo Negro and Polvo de Estrellas in a Relevos Atómicos de locura match (Spanish for "Eight-man madness match"), a match that featured two teams of four, each composed of a male wrestler, a female wrestler, an Exotico wrestler and a Mini-Estrella^[27] In the summer of 2004 El Oriental's sister Cynthia started a storyline feud with the Apache family, primarily Faby Apache and Gran Apache that would last until 2009. On August 1, 2004 Cynthia and El Oriéntal unsuccessfully challenged for the AAA World Mixed Tag Team Championship, losing to Gran Apache and Faby Apache.^[28] The teams would subsequently clash on several occasions, with the Apaches managing to retain the mixed titles each time. In 2005 the Apaches were forced to vacate the Mixed tag team titles, after which AAA held a tournament to crown new champions. Cynthia and El Oriéntal defeated Gran Apache and Tiffany in the semi-final and then defeated Chessman and La Diabólica in a one night tournament at Verano de Escandalo to become the new AAA World Mixed Tag Team Champions.^[29] Over the next 779 days Cynthia and El Oriéntal would repeatedly defend the Mixed tag team titles, including defending them on various independent shows. Their reign would come to an end in November, 2007 when they were forced to vacate the championship when Cynthia suffered a injury and was unable to defend the titles.^[30] While Cynthia was recuperating from an injury Gran Apache and Mari Apache won the vacant title as well as turning técnicos (good guys) in the process. When Cynthia returned to the ring she and her brother turned rudo (bad guy) when they attacked Gran and Mari Apache after a successful title defense. At the 2008 Verano de Escandalo Oriental and Cynthia Apache regained the AAA World Mix Tag Team Championship from the Apaches, making them the only team to have held the title twice.^[31] The Dinastia Moreno's second reign with the tag team titles turned out to be as active as their first, in fact El Oriental once claimed they defended the titles around 150 times, although records do not support such a claim. In mid-2009 Cynthia began appearing less and less on AAA shows, leaving El Oriental free to team up with Kenzo Suzuki and Sugi San to form a trio called La Yakuza, after the Japanese Mafia. The team started out with a series of victories, but were defeated by Los Psycho Circus at the 2009 Verano de Escandalo."AAA Verano de Escándalo 2009 (Resultados 21 agosto) – Dr. Wagner Jr. retiene el Megacampeonato – Aparece Gron XXX – Roxxi se presenta con AAA" (in Spanish). SuperLuchas Magazine. August 21, 2009. http://superluchas.net/2009/08/21/aaa-verano-de-escandalo-2009-resultados-21-agosto-dr-wagner-jr-vs-el-mesias-vs-cibernetico/. Retrieved August 22, 2009.  Following the event Sugi San left AAA and La Yakuza disbanded. In the fall of 2009 both Cynthia and El Oriéntal left AAA, losing the Mixed Tag Team title to Faby Apache and Aero Star as their last match for AAA.^[32]

Independent circuit[link]

After losing the Mixed Tag Team Championship El Oriental left AAA and began wrestling on the Mexican independent circuit, including making regular appearances for the Los Perros del Mal wrestling promotion. In Perros del Mal he often teamed with other wrestlers who had left AAA such as Charly Manson or Gran Alebrije. In the fall of 2009 Oriental and Rossy Moreno won the IVP Mixed Tag Team Championship, defeating longtime rivals Pentagón Black and Xochitl Hamada as well as La Diabólica and Zumbido to win the vacant championship.^[33] The brother / sister duo late won another Mixed Tag Team Championship called the VIP Mixed Tag Team Championship, again from Hamada and Pentagón Black, although it may have been the same physical belts used to represent the championships.^[34]

Wrestling in the United States[link]

El Oriental representing Los Perros del Mal in Chikara.

El Oriental had toured the United States on more than one occasion. His first tour of the US took place in 2004 where the Pennsylvania based Chikara booked him to work on four of their shows in November and December, 2004. During his first appearance he defeated Mike Quackenbush to win the IPW Mexican Lightweight Championship, a championship Chikara created for the occasion. He would later successfully defend the title against Skayde before returning to Mexico, never mentioning the title again. In 2010 Chikara invited El Oriental back for another tour. This time he was booked as par of their 2010 King of Trios tournament, where he formed "Team Perros del Mal" along with El Alebrije and Cuije. The trio defeated Team Delicioso (Curry Man, El Hijo del Ice Cream and Ice Cream Jr.) in the first round but were defeated by tournament winners Bruderschaft des Kreuzes (Ares, Claudio Castagnoli and Tursas).^[35][36] During the third day of the "King of Trios" event El Oriental lost to Chuck Taylor in a singles match.^[37]

During the summer of 2010 El Oriental began working for a newly created wrestling promotion, backed by MTV2 called Lucha Libre USA, wrestling on their first television taping on June 19, 2010. On January 22, 2011, El Oriental and Tinieblas Jr. became the first ever Lucha Libre USA Tag Team Champions by defeating the Puerto Rican Power (PR Flyer and San Juan Kid) and Treachery (Rellik and Sydistiko) in a three–way tag team match.^[38]

Los Invasores[link]

In the spring of 2010 El Oriental began working for Promociones Gutierez in Nuevo Laredo and through this association began working with various CMLL wrestlers who made regular appearances in Nuevo Laredo as well. Through this connection El Oriental became associated with the Los Invasores storyline that featured CMLL wrestlers fighting against a number of former AAA wrestlers, his main opponent in the storyline was Místico. El Oriental and Místico teamed up for a five team Parejas Incredibles match on July 12, 2010, at the Promociones Gutiérrez 1st Anniversary Show where the losing team was forced to wrestle each other under Luchas de Apuestas, mask vs. mask rules. The other teams were Último Guerrero and Averno, Atlantis and Olímpico, El Alebrije and La Sombra, Histeria and Volador, Jr. Místico and El Oriental ended up being the last team and were forced to wrestle for their masks. After a long match Místico defeated El Oriental. After the match El Oriental was forced to remove his mask and show his face. He announced that his real name was Noé Astro Moreno Leon, that he was 37 years old and had been wrestling for 18 years at that point in time.^[39]

Wrestling trainer[link]

Over the years El Oriental has trained or helped train a number of young wrestlers for their professional wrestling. While he does not run an official wrestling school he has trained a number of wrestlers at Arena Azteca Budokan. Some of the wrestlers El Oriental have trained include:

• Hijo de L.A. Park
• Flama Solar
• Extassis
• Dralion
• El Simbolo
• Kumo

Personal life[link]

Moreno is a member of an extended wrestling family founded by his father Alfonso Moreno who was both a wrestler and a wrestling promoter and his mother, who took over promoting wrestling in Arena Azteca Budokan in Nezahualcoyotl, Mexico State after Alfonso Moreno died. El Oriental's sisters Cinthia, Rossy, Alda and Esther are or have been professional wrestlers. He is the former brother-in-law of Dr. Wagner, Jr. who was married to Rossy Moreno, he is also the uncle of Rossy and Wagner, Jr.'s son who wrestles as Dr. Wagner III. He's also the former brother-in-law of wrestler Groon XXX who was married to Esther.^[3] He is not related to the Moreno family that founded and promotes the International Wrestling Revolution Group promotion.^[3]

In wrestling[link]

El Oriental performing a moonsault.

• Finishing moves

• Super frankensteiner^[40]

• Signature moves

• Hurricanrana,^[40] sometimes while diving onto an opponent outside the ring^[40]

Championships and accomplishments[link]

El Oriental during a Chikara show.

• Arena Azteca Budokan

• Arena Azteca Budokan Welterweight Championship (1 time)^[2]

• Asistencia Asesoría y Administración

• AAA World Mixed Tag Team Championship (2 times) – Cynthia Moreno^[29][31]
• UWA World Welterweight Championship (1 time)^{[24][Note 1]}

• Chikara

• IPW Mexican Lightweight Championship (1 time)

• Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre

• Districto Federal Lightweight Championship (1 time)

• CMLL Japan

• CMLL Japan Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tsubasa^[4]

• Lucha Libre USA

• Lucha Libre USA Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tinieblas Jr.^[38]

• Osaka Pro Wrestling

• Hirapar Cup^[6]
• MWF World Welterweight Championship (1 time)^[2]
• Osaka Pro Middleweight Championship (1 time)^[2]

• Pro Wrestling Illustrated

• PWI ranked him #137 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI 500 in 2000^[40]

Lucha de Apuesta record[link]

Footnotes[link]

References[link]

Emma Cohen (born Emmanuela Beltrán Rahola; November 21, 1946) is a Spanish actress, director, producer and writer. She has appeared in many Spanish language films.

Personal life[link]

She was married to the actor Fernando Fernán Gómez until his death in 2007.^[1].

Selected filmography[link]

• Tuset Street (1967)
• El extraño caso del doctor Fausto (1969)
• Hembra (1970)
• The Legend of Frenchie King (1971)
• Trop jolies pour être honnêtes (1972)^[2]

References[link]

External links[link]

	Biography portal
	Spain portal
	Film portal

• Emma Cohen at the Internet Movie Database