Jyutping
Jyutping Romanization.
Traditional Chinese	粵拼
Simplified Chinese	粤拼
Transcriptions Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin Yuèpīn Cantonese (Yue) - Jyutping Jyut6ping3 - Yale Romanization Yuhtping

This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.

Jyutping (pronounced [jyːt̚˨ pʰɪŋ˧], sometimes spelled Jyutpin) is a romanization system for Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) in 1993. Its formal name is The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme. The LSHK promotes the use of this romanization system.

The name Jyutping (itself the Jyutping romanization of its Chinese name, 粵拼) is a contraction consisting of the first Chinese characters of the terms Jyut6 jyu5 (粵語, meaning "Yue language") and ping3 jam1 (拼音 "phonetic alphabet").

Initials[link]

Finals[link]

• The finals m and ng can only be used as standalone nasal syllables.
• ^ ^ ^ Referring to the colloquial pronunciation of these words.

Tones[link]

There are nine tones in six distinct tone contours in Cantonese. However, as three of the nine are entering tones (入聲, Jyutping: jap6 sing1), which only appear in syllables ending with p, t, and k, they do not have separate tone numbers in Jyutping (though they do in Cantonese Pinyin; these are shown in parentheses in table below).

Comparison with Yale Romanization[link]

Jyutping and the Yale romanization system of Cantonese represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:

• The initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, ng, h, s, gw, kw, w.
• The vowel: aa (except when used alone), a, e, i, o, u, yu.
• The nasal stop: m, ng.
• The coda: i, u, m, n, ng, p, t, k.

But they differ in the following:

• The vowels eo and oe represent /ɵ/ and /œː/ respectively in Jyutping, while the eu represents both vowels in Yale.
• The initial j represents /j/ in Jyutping while y is used instead in Yale.
• The initial z represents /ts/ in Jyutping while j is used instead in Yale.
• The initial c represents /tsʰ/ in Jyutping while ch is used instead in Yale.
• In Jyutping, if no consonant precedes the vowel yu, then the initial j is appended before the vowel. In Yale, the corresponding initial y is never appended before yu under any circumstances.
• Jyutping defines three finals not in Yale: eu /ɛːu/, em /ɛːm/, and ep /ɛːp/. These three finals are used in colloquial Cantonese words, such as deu6 (掉), lem2 (舐), and gep6 (夾).
• To represent tones, only tone numbers are used in Jyutping while Yale traditionally uses tone marks together with the letter h (though tone numbers can be used in Yale as well).

Comparison with Cantonese Pinyin[link]

Jyutping and Cantonese Pinyin represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:

• The initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, ng, h, s, gw, kw, j, w.
• The vowel: aa, a, e, i, o, u.
• The nasal stop: m, ng.
• The coda: i (except for its use in the coda /y/ in Jyutping; see below), u, m, n, ng, p, t, k.

But they have some differences:

• The vowel oe represents both /ɵ/ and /œː/ in Cantonese Pinyin while eo and oe represent /ɵ/ and /œː/ respectively in Jyutping.
• The vowel y represents in Cantonese Pinyin while both yu (used in the nucleus) and i (used in the coda of the final -eoi) are used in Jyutping.
• The initial dz represents /ts/ in Cantonese Pinyin while z is used instead in Jyutping.
• The initial ts represents /tsʰ/ in Cantonese Pinyin while c is used instead in Jyutping.
• To represent tones, the numbers 1 to 9 are usually used in Cantonese Pinyin, although the use of 1, 3, 6 to replace 7, 8, 9 for the checked tones is acceptable. However, only the numbers 1 to 6 are used in Jyutping.

Examples[link]

"I am Chinese" using jyutping

Sample transcription of one of the 300 Tang Poems:

Jyutping input method[link]

The Jyutping method (Chinese: 粵拼輸入法) refers to a family of input methods based on the Jyutping romanization system.

The Jyutping method allows a user to input Chinese characters by entering the jyutping of a Chinese character (with or without tone, depending on the system) and then presenting the user with a list of possible characters with that pronunciation.

List of Cantonese phonetic methods[link]

• Yahoo's list of Cantonese IME
• Online Cantonese Input Method (網上廣東話輸入法)
• MDBG
• CantoInput
• Red Dragonfly
• LSHK Jyutping for Macintosh Mac OS X and OS 9 (The page also includes Yale input version 0.2)
• Smart Jyutping IME
• Waisek Chinese Input Method (緯石廣東話拼音中文輸入法)
• LSHK? (輕鬆粵語輸入法)
• Simplified phonetic? (粵語簡拼輸入法)
• Microsoft Office Hong Kong Cantonese IME (微軟香港粵語輸入法)
• Cukda Cantonese IME (速打粵語輸入法)
• MacJyutping Jyutping IME for Mac OS X (MacJyutping 輸入法)

Footnotes[link]

External links[link]

• LSHK Cantonese Romanization Scheme
• Jyutping Pronunciation Guide
• 粵語拼盤: Learning the phonetic system of Cantonese
• Chinese Character Database (Phonologically Disambiguated According to the Cantonese Dialect)
• The CantoDict Project is a dedicated Cantonese-Mandarin-English online dictionary which uses Jyutping by default
• MDBG free online Chinese-English dictionary (supports both Jyutping and Yale romanization)
• 粵拼易 JyutPingEasy.Net: a website that transliterates Chinese characters to Jyutping
• 粵音韻彙

This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.

Nicholas Tse 謝霆鋒
Chinese name	謝霆鋒 (Traditional)
Chinese name	谢霆锋 (Simplified)
Pinyin	Xiè Tíngfēng (Mandarin)
Jyutping	ze6 ting4 fung1 (Cantonese)
Birth name	Tse Ting-fung (謝霆鋒)
Ancestry	Panyu, Guangdong, China
Origin	Hong Kong
Born	(1980-08-29) 29 August 1980 (age 31) Hong Kong
Occupation	Actor, musician, singer-songwriter, composer, director, producer
Genre(s)	Rock, pop
Instrument(s)	Vocals, guitar, drums
Label(s)	Emperor Entertainment Group
Years active	1996–present
Spouse(s)	Cecilia Cheung (2006 - 2011)
Children	Lucas Tse (b. 2007) Quintus Tse (b. 2010)
Parents	Patrick Tse, Deborah Lee
Official Website	Nic-zone.net
Awards Hong Kong Film Awards Best Actor 2011 The Stool Pigeon Best New Performer 1998 Young and Dangerous: The Prequel Best Supporting Actor 2010 Bodyguards and Assassins Hundred Flowers Awards Best Supporting Actor 2006 New Police Story Other awards World Music Awards Best-Selling Chinese Artist 2002, 2003 Asian Film Awards Best Supporting Actor 2010 Bodyguards and Assassins

Nicholas Tse (aka Tse Ting-fung, Chinese: 謝霆鋒, born 29 August 1980) is a Hong Kong singer and songwriter, musician, actor and entrepreneur. Tse is a member of the Emperor Entertainment Group.^[1]

He originally learned martial arts for the screen and television, which he continues to practice. In 2003, he founded Post Production Office Limited, the largest post-production company in Hong Kong, providing services for movies, videos games and advertisements, the company grosses over one billion Hong Kong dollars annually.^[2][3]

He has won the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor (2011).^[4]

Early life[link]

Tse is the first of two children born to Hong Kong natives, actor Patrick Tse (謝賢) and actress Deborah Lee (狄波拉) raised in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.^[5] He has a younger sister, Jennifer Tse. He was educated at St. George's School, Vancouver, and later attended Hong Kong International School for one year before dropping out at grade 10.^[5] For a year he lived in Phoenix, Arizona before going back to Vancouver. He also studied music in Japan before returning to Hong Kong. He holds dual Canadian and Hong Kong citizenship.^[5]

Music[link]

Tse was singing at a party for a family friend when he was discovered by Albert Yeung, head of Emperor Entertainment Group. In 1997 Tse would sign a record deal with EEG under the Fitto label, releasing his first album, "My Attitude".^[5] The album was ranked 3rd on the top selling CD chart of IFPI.^[6] It was that year where he won the most popular new artist award.^[7]

Tse received mainstream success in 1998 with songs like "早知" (Knew it would be like that) and "如果只得一星期" (If there's only one week) and became a prominent successor in the entertainment industry. His received a musical award during the 1999 Jade Solid Gold Top 10 Awards with his popular song "非走不可" (No choice but leave).^[8] Recorded on 27 September 1993.

In 2000, Tse released the album and song "活著VIVA", regarded as his most popular song ever, furthered his career significantly. It was after this song which he became an A-list singer at the time. In 2001, he released the album "玉蝴蝶." The album had two hit songs: "玉蝴蝶" and "潛龍勿用".

Film[link]

Nicholas Tse's most notable action films are Dragon Tiger Gate, Gen-X Cops, Young and Dangerous: The Prequel, and Invisible Target. He also collaborated with Jackie Chan in New Police Story.^[9] Tse has also acted in romance films including Tiramisu and Jade Goddess of Mercy. Only later in his career did he participate in comedy roles including Enter the Phoenix, McDull, the Alumni, A Chinese Tall Story. In the Hong Kong translated version of A Bug's Life (蟲蟲特工隊), the character Flik was dubbed by Tse. He also lent his voice to the Chinese animation film Lotus Lantern. Tse has also won a film award for Bodyguards and Assassins in 2010, at the 4th Asian Film Awards for Best Supporting Actor, and Best Actor in 2011, at the 30th Hong Kong Film Awards, beating elders like Chow Yun Fat, Jacky Cheung and Nick Cheung.^[10]

TV series[link]

Tse has starred in two (or three) TVB Hong Kong local dramas depending on how you define drama. His acting resume includes Aiming High (撻出愛火花), The Monkey King: Quest for the Sutra (齊天大聖孫悟空) which is more of comedy or adventure than a drama, as well as the documentary On the Road II (向世界出發II), made in Cambodia. The rest of his drama series are filmed and produced by Mainland China companies. Most of Tse's drama are wuxia series, which are based in ancient Chinese societies.

Incidents[link]

2002 motoring incident[link]

In the early morning of 23 March 2002, Tse crashed his Ferrari 360 Modena in Hong Kong Central.^[11] Initially it was claimed that his driver was responsible for the crash, but further investigation by the ICAC revealed the story was fabricated, involving three other men and a police officer. Tse spent two weeks in prison^[12] and was sentenced to 240 hours of community service for obstruction of justice.^[5] Officer Lau Chi-Wai was sentenced to six months in prison. Although some viewed this charge as lenient, the 240 hours was the maximum punishment for this offence, given that Tse was a young offender at the time (21 years and 7 months). Nonetheless, some claimed that the sentence would send out a wrong message to Hong Kong youths, but it could be argued handing out a harsher sentence because he was a celebrity is just as inappropriate as handing out a lighter one. This incident had caused him to have a downfall in popularity.^[5] Tse have said that money to him has gone up by 40% since the accident.^[13] The car was originally a gift from the company EEG, as Tse himself accounted for 56% of the revenue.^[13]

2002 assault allegations[link]

Tse has had his share of brush-ups with 'paparazzi'. A photographer of Sudden Weekly magazine accused Tse of hitting him outside a restaurant in Taiwan, bruising his nose and elbow. Although Tse denied the assault charge, he settled in July 2002.^[14]

2003 motoring incident[link]

Tse had another accident in 2003, where he crashed his Toyota Camry in Wan Chai. He was banned from driving for six months and fined HK$4000 for reckless driving. Prior to this, he was fined HK$7,000 and had his license suspended for a year for two separate charges of speeding.^{[citation needed]}

2005 motoring incident[link]

He later had another accident in November 2005, where he collided with a Public Security Bureau Bus in an Audi RS4 in Lantau. He was banned from driving for another six months and fined HK$4,000, again for reckless driving. After the incident, Tse has resorted to travelling on a motorbike or scooter instead of an automobile.^{[citation needed]}

After the police charge, Tse spent several months to "discover himself", then releasing the album Reborn. He has stated that he would be taking a break from singing and be focusing on his acting for a year.

Personal life[link]

Tse once had a relationship with musician Faye Wong, who is 11 years his senior.^[15] On 31 July 2006, Tse officially admitted dating Cecilia Cheung in an interview with Hong Kong commercial radio station 881/903. On 29 September 2006, Tse showed off his wedding ring at the Hong Kong International Airport, announcing he and Cecilia Cheung were married in a secret wedding ceremony in the Philippines.^[5] The couple's son, Lucas, was born on 2 August 2007.^[16] Cheung gave birth to their second son, Quintus, on 12 May 2010. Nicholas Tse reportedly filed for divorce on the 14th of June, 2011.^[17]

Discography[link]

Most of Nicholas Tse's songs are based in the cantopop rock genre. Including "front, back, left, right" (前前後後左左右右), "Exposure" (曝光) and "Lonely Base" (寂寞堂口). Some of his songs are produced in Tse's own 'Nic Production' which was revealed in TVB interviews several times. However, one of Tse's most classical pop rock song is "Life Viva" (活著 Viva), which MTV features Tse with his flame guitar and a flamethrower, this song is widely known in Hong Kong.

Tse has also sang a number of duets with fellow cantopop singers, namely "Love" (愛) with Charlene Choi, "Second Life" (第二世), "Amen" (阿門) both with Joey Yung, "Kid" (細路) with Eason Chan, "You Cant Stop Me" with Sam Lee and Stephen Fung and "Beauty and the Beast"^[18] with Meilin 梅琳.

Filmography[link]

• Young and Dangerous: The Prequel (少年古惑仔之激鬥編) (1998) (Tse wins 'Best New Performer' in the Hong Kong Film Awards)
• Gen-X Cops (特警新人類) (1999)
• A Man Called Hero (中華英雄) (1999)
• Metade Fumaca (半支煙) (1999)
• Street Angels (少女党) (1999)
• The Mirror (怪談之魔鏡) (1999)
• Twelve Nights (十二夜) (2000)
• Winner Takes All (大贏家) (2000)
• Time and Tide (順流逆流) (2000) (Nominated and won: Venice Film Festival, Nominated: Motion Picture Sound Editors, USA)
• Comic King (漫畫風雲) (2001)
• Master Q 2001 (老夫子2001) (2001)
• Heroes in Love (戀愛起義) (2001) [writer/co-director only] (Nominated: Stockholm Film Festival)
• My Schoolmate, the Barbarian (我的野蠻同學) (2001)
• 2002 (2001)
• Tiramisu (戀愛行星) (2002)
• Demi-Haunted (魂魄唔齊) (2002)
• The Medallion (2003) [cameo]
• Jade Goddess of Mercy (玉觀音) (2004) (Nominated: Moscow International Film Festival, Nominated and won: Verona Love Screens Film Festival)
• Enter the Phoenix (大佬愛美麗) (2004) [cameo]
• Moving Targets (2004新紮師兄) (2004)
• New Police Story (新警察故事) (2004)
• A Chinese Tall Story (情癲大聖) (2005)
• The Promise(無極) (2005) (Nominated: Golden Globe, Fantasporto, Golden Trailer Awards)
• McDull, the Alumni (春田花花同學會) (2006)
• Dragon Tiger Gate (龍虎門) (2006)
• Rob-B-Hood (寶貝計畫/BB計畫) (2006) [cameo]
• The Heavenly Kings (四大天王) (2006) [cameo]
• Invisible Target (男兒本色) (2007)
• Beast Stalker (証人) (2008)
• Storm Rider Clash of the Evils (風雲決) (2008) [voice cast]
• The Storm Warriors (風雲2) – (Storm Riders Sequel) (2009)
• Bodyguards and Assassins (十月圍城) (2009) (Nominated: Asian Film Awards, Golden Globe, Fantasporto, Golden Trailer Awards and Won: Best Supporting Actor in Asian Film Awards and Hong Kong Film Award)^[19]
• Hot Summer Days (全城熱戀熱辣辣) (2010)
• The Stool Pigeon (綫人) (2010) (Won: Best Actor in Hong Kong Film Award)
• Shaolin (film)|Shaolin (新少林寺) (2011)
• Treasure Inn (財神客棧) (2011)
• The Viral Factor (逆戰) (2012)
• The Bullet Vanishes (消失的子弹) (2012)
• Special Rescue Heroes (特种救援英雄) (2012)

TV series[link]

• Aiming High (撻出愛火花) (1998) 20 episodes
• The Monkey King: Quest for the Sutra (齊天大聖孫悟空) (2002)
• The Proud Twins (2005 TV series)|The Proud Twins (小魚兒與花無缺) (2005)
• Wing Chun (詠春) (2006) 40 Episodes
• On the Road II (向世界出發II) (2007) Star in Episodes 2–6
• Big Shot (大人物) (2007)
• The Spirit of the Sword (浣花洗劍錄) (2008)
• Sword Heroes' Fate (剑侠情缘) (2011)
• The Next Magic (下一个奇迹) (2012)
• America's Next Top Model, Cycle 18 (2012) Star as a judge in one of the episodes ^[20]

Commercial endorsements[link]

Tse has been in More advertisements from brands such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Sony, Biolyn, New World Mobility, Oris and Matsunichi.^[21][22][23]

He has appeared in various magazines including: Men's Uno, Amoeba, Milk, Ming Pao and East Week, in various forms including television commercials, posters and magazine advertisements.

On 19 June 2006, wax statues of both Tse and Cheung were revealed at the Madame Tussauds Shanghai branch.^[24]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Nicholas Tse at the Internet Movie Database
• Tse interview at SquatMagazine
• [2]
• Nic@EEG Music (Chinese)
• Nic@Mei Bo

The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History is a 1978 book by Michael H. Hart, reprinted in 1992 with revisions. It is a ranking of the 100 people who, according to Hart, most influenced human history.^[1]

The first person on Hart's list is the Prophet of Islam Muhammad.^[2] Hart asserted that Muhammad was "supremely successful" in both the religious and secular realms. He also believed that Muhammad's role in the development of Islam was far more influential than Jesus' collaboration in the development of Christianity. He attributes the development of Christianity to St. Paul, who played a pivotal role in its dissemination."^[3]

The 1992 revisions included the demotion of figures associated with Communism, such as Vladimir Lenin and Mao Zedong, and the introduction of Mikhail Gorbachev. Hart took sides in the Shakespearean authorship issue and substituted Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford for William Shakespeare. Hart also substituted Niels Bohr and Henri Becquerel with Ernest Rutherford, thus correcting an error in the first edition. Henry Ford was also promoted from the "Honorary Mentions" list, replacing Pablo Picasso. Finally, some of the rankings were re-ordered, although no one listed in the top ten changed position.

Hart wrote another book in 1999, entitled A View from the Year 3000,^[4] voiced in the perspective of a person from that future year and ranking the most influential people in history. Roughly half of those entries are fictional people from 2000–3000, but the remainder are actual people. These were taken mostly from the 1992 edition, with some re-ranking of order.

Hart's Top 10 (from the 1992 edition)[link]

Rank	Name	Time Frame	Image	Occupation	Influence
1	Muhammad	c. 570–632		Secular and religious leader	The central human figure of Islam, regarded by Muslims as a prophet of God and the last messenger. Active as a social reformer, diplomat, merchant, philosopher, orator, legislator, military leader, humanitarian, philanthropist.
2	Isaac Newton	1643–1727		Scientist	English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian. His law of universal gravitation and three laws of motion laid the groundwork for classical mechanics.
3	Jesus Christ	7–2 BC – 26–36 AD		Spiritual leader	The central figure of Christianity, revered by Christians as the Son of God and the incarnation of God.
4	Buddha	563–483 BC		Spiritual leader	Spiritual teacher and philosopher from ancient India. Founder of Buddhism and is also considered an Gautama Buddha in Hinduism.
5	Confucius	551–479 BC		Philosopher	Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese and Indonesian thought and life. Founded Confucianism, and influenced Neo-Confucianism and New Confucianism.
6	St. Paul	5–67 AD		Christian apostle	One of the most notable of early Christian missionaries, credited with proselytizing and spreading Christianity outside of Palestine (mainly to the Romans) and author of numerous letters of the New Testament of the Bible.
7	Cài Lún	50–121 AD		Political official in imperial China	Widely regarded as the inventor of paper and the papermaking process.
8	Johannes Gutenberg	1398–1468		Inventor	German printer who invented the mechanical printing press.
9	Christopher Columbus	1451–1506	70px	Explorer	Italian navigator, colonizer and explorer whose voyages led to general European awareness of the American continents.
10	Albert Einstein	1879–1955		Scientist	German theoretical physicist, best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass–energy equivalence, expressed by the equation E = mc2.

See also[link]

• Time 100

References[link]

1. ^ Michael H. Hart The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History. first published in 1978, reprinted with minor revisions 1992. ISBN 978-0-8065-1068-2
2. ^ The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History^{[dead link]}
3. ^ Michael H. Hart, "The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History", Citadel Publishing, 2000, ISBN 978-0-8065-1350-8
4. ^ Michael H. Hart. A view from the year 3000: a ranking of the 100 most influential persons of all time; first published in 1999

External links[link]

• Religious Affiliation of History's 100 Most Influential People