This article is missing information about Balearic trance/Ibiza trance. Balearic trance (linked from many trance genre pages) and Ibiza trance (linked from nowhere) both redirect here, but they are not mentioned in the article.. This concern has been noted on the talk page where whether or not to include such information may be discussed. (May 2011)

Balearic Beat, also known as Balearic House, initially was an eclectic blend of DJed dance music that emerged in the mid-1980s.^[1][2] It later became the name of a more specific style of electronic dance music that was popular into the mid-1990s. Balearic Beat was named for its popularity among European nightclub and beach rave patrons on the Balearic island of Ibiza, a popular tourist destination. Some dance music compilations referred to it as "the sound of Ibiza," even though many other, more aggressive and upbeat forms of dance music could be heard on the island.

History[link]

UK disc jockeys Trevor Fung, Paul Oakenfold, and Danny Rampling are commonly credited with having "discovered" Balearic Beat in 1987 while on holiday in Ibiza. Reportedly, they were introduced to the music at Amnesia, an Ibizan nightclub, by DJ Alfredo from Argentina, who had a residency there.^[3] DJ Alfredo, whose birth name is Alfredo Fiorito, played an eclectic mix of dance music whose style encompassed the indie hypno grooves of the Woodentops, the mystic rock of the Waterboys, early house, Europop, and oddities from the likes of Peter Gabriel and Chris Rea. After visiting other clubs on the island where similar music was being played, including Pacha and Ku, Oakenfold and his friend Trevor Fung returned to London, where they unsuccessfully tried to establish a nightclub called the Funhouse in the Balearic style. Returning to Ibiza during the summer of 1987, Oakenfold rented a villa where he hosted a number of his DJ friends, including Danny Rampling, Johnny Walker, and Nicky Holloway. Returning to London after the summer, Oakenfold reintroduced the Balearic style at a South London nightspot called the Project Club. The club initially attracted those who had visited Ibiza and who were familiar with the Balearic concept. Fueled by their use of Ecstasy and an emerging fashion style based on baggy clothes and bright colors, these Ibiza veterans were responsible for propagating the Balearic subculture within the evolving UK rave scene. In 1988, Oakenfold established a second outlet for Balearic Beat, a Monday night event called Spectrum, which is credited with exposing the Balearic concept to a wider audience.^[4] It was 1988 when Balearic Beat was first noticed in the U.S., according to Dance Music Report magazine.^[5]

Style[link]

Balearic beat records variate between house or Italo house and deep house influenced sounds and a slower R&B-influenced (under 119bpm) beat consisting of bass drum, snare, and hi-hats (often produced with a Roland TR-909 drum machine) programmed in certain laid-back, swing-beat patterns; plus soul, Latin, African, funk, and dub affectations; and production techniques borrowed from other styles of dance music that were popular at the time. Vocals were sometimes present, but much of the music was instrumental. The sounds of acoustic instruments such as guitar and piano were sometimes incorporated into Balearic Beat. A trance sub-genre label, Ibiza Trance, also developed at some point in the 1990's. Having been primarily associated with a particular percussion pattern that eventually fell out of vogue, the style eventually faded from prominence, and its repertoire was subsumed by the more general "chill out" and "downtempo" genres. However, in the late 2000s, Balearic Trance was redeveloped by Magic Island, Roger Shah, and others, and is now established as a recognized sub-genre of trance.

The style of Balearic Beat is described by its inventors, as opposed to its UK followers, as the ability for the DJ to play across a broad range of styles, from early minimal new beat to the first extended remixes of pop-songs, making Balearic DJ sets those that tend to have the sharpest turns of musical direction. While the public outside Ibiza generally describes Balearic Beat as a music style, the island based community regard Balearic Beat as a non-style or a healthy disrespect to style conformity and a challenge to the norm. It's a freestyle expression that seamlessly binds sporadic vinyl inspiration through technical flair on the turntables. Today, due to stylistic segregation in electronic dance music, few promoters and DJs dare to stretch the spectrum of styles that far in fear of losing identity and clients. DJ Alfredo still heralds the most diversity among Ibiza DJs, but generally the approach to mixing as well as the terminology, have been swallowed up by the Chillout scene.

Ibiza is still considered by some to have its own 'sound,' however, including among others the music of Jens Gad, co-creator of Enigma, and his new chillout-world-influenced hybrid project, Achillea, recorded in his studio in the hills overlooking Ibiza. ^[6] Compilations such as Global Lounge Sessions: The Balearic Sound of Ibiza, released in 2002, and Sequoia Groove's Buddha-Lounge series, continue to be released. ^[7] These generally feature house music and certain downtempo selections, not the old style of Balearic Beat, per se. Some prefer to use the term more generally, however, to apply to all of these styles.

References[link]

• The Balearic Beat Story by Paul Oakenfold and Pete Tong taken from Mixmag - July 1988 as featured on TestPressing.org The Balearic Beat Story

• Brewster, Bill; Broughton, Frank (2006). Last Night A DJ Saved My Life: The history of the disc jockey (Revised (UK only) ed.). Headline Book Publishing (published 2006-05-22). ISBN 978-0-7553-1398-3 

External links[link]

• In Search of Balearic - 2008 article by Bill Brewster for DJhistory.com
• Ibiza Travel Guide - Ibiza Music (archived site) discusses the music of Ibiza, including Balearic Beat
• Balearic Beats - The Album Vol. 1 - information about an early (1988) Balearic Beat compilation
• The Balearic Beat Story - reprint of July 1988 Mixmag article promoting Balearic Beats - The Album Vol. 1
• "Spirit Of Bedrock" DJ mixes - a series of DJ sets demonstrating the late-1980s/early-1990s Balearic and related styles
• "Balearic Beat In 2012" - a piece interviewing DJ Alfredo and the new purveyors of the Balearic Beat

This article relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. Discussion about the problems with the sole source used may be found on the talk page. (September 2009)

Angela Bowie (born Mary Angela Barnett) (b. September 25, 1949) is an American cover girl, model, actress and musician. She was the wife of English musician David Bowie until divorcing in 1980, and she is the mother of film director Duncan Jones.

Early life[link]

Angela, born an American citizen on September 25, 1949 in Cyprus, is of paternal English and maternal Polish descent,^[1] and she was brought up as a Catholic. She has one older brother. Her father, Col. George M. Barnett, a U.S Army veteran,^[2] was a mining engineer and ran a mill for Cyprus Mines Corporation. Her mother was Helena Maria Galas. Both her parents died in 1984.^[3]

Educated in Cyprus, Switzerland and the UK (Kingston Polytechnic), she briefly attended Connecticut College For Women until she was expelled.^[4]

David Bowie and career[link]

She met musician David Bowie in London, England in 1969, at the age of 19. According to David Bowie, they met through their mutual friendship with Chinese-American record executive Dr. Calvin Mark Lee.^[5] She married Bowie one year later, on March 19, 1970 at Bromley Register Office in Beckenham Lane, Kent. Duncan Jones is their son.

David Bowie wrote the songs "The Prettiest Star" and "Golden Years" about her. (Angela appears in the D.A. Pennebaker concert film Ziggy Stardust: The Motion Picture; in a backstage sequence, David calls her by the name "Star".) She often accompanied him on his international concert tours, which included North America, Japan and Europe. In 1973, she appeared as a guest on The Tonight Show, hosted by Johnny Carson on November 16, 1973 alongside Dinah Shore, Joan Rivers and Ashley Montagu.^[6][7] Angela also performed on The Mike Douglas Show in early 1975.^[8]

She auditioned for the leading role in what dates show to have been the ABC-TV telefilm Wonder Woman which aired on March 12, 1974 and starred Cathy Lee Crosby (not as often reported for the later television series Wonder Woman, which eventually went to Lynda Carter).^[9][10] Newsweek reported in their February 11, 1974 issue that she apparently lost the part because of her refusal to wear a bra.^[9]

Later in 1975, Angela bought the television rights for the Marvel Comics' characters Black Widow and Daredevil, hoping to develop & sell a series featuring the two heroes. Angela would play Black Widow, and actor Ben Carruthers would fill Daredevil's suit. Although several black-and-white stills exist with Bowie and Carruthers in costume, the series failed to find a studio willing to take it on and never went beyond the development stage. ^[11]

Angela also modelled for photographer Terry O'Neill and others, often under the name Jipp Jones.

Angela has often been rumoured to be the inspiration for the Rolling Stones 1973 hit "Angie" from the album Goat's Head Soup, however Mick Jagger has dispelled these tales. He was quoted as saying: "People began to say that song was written about David Bowie's wife but the truth is that Keith [Richards] wrote the title. He said, 'Angie.' And I think it was to do with his daughter. She's called Angela. And then I just wrote the rest of it."^[12]

Writing, film work and musical releases[link]

Angela has written two autobiographies, Free Spirit (1981, including samples of the author's poetry) as well as the bestseller, Backstage Passes: Life On the Wild Side with David Bowie, published in 1993 and updated in 2000. It detailed her alleged drug-fueled and openly bisexual lifestyle with her former husband and many other well-known musicians.

In addition to appearing as herself in the above-mentioned Ziggy Stardust film (1973) and Glitter Goddess of Sunset Strip (1991), her film work includes credited acting roles in at least four films: Eat the Rich (1987, as "Henry's wife"), Demented (1994), Deadrockstar (2002, as "Bartender") and La Funcionaria Asesina (a.k.a. The Slayer Bureaucrat, 2009, as "Helen Price/Constance").^[13]

A CD maxi-single, "The World Is Changing" (six mixes, including prominent vocal support by Dabonda Simmons and all credited to Angela Bowie as composer with various co-composers including David Padilla, Morgan Lekcirt, Tom Reich, Jim Durban and D.J. Trance and published by Angela Bowie Music) appeared in 1996 on the New York label Warlock Records (distributed in Europe through Music Avenue on the Nite Blue label). The cover featured a logo of the Bowie name clearly modelled on the one seen on her former husband's Let's Dance releases. An album, Moon Goddess, on Subterraneans' London-based record label The Electric Label in 2002. The UK release of the album contained a duet with Subterraneans' vocalist Jude Rawlins on a version of the Rolling Stones song "The Last Time". She is currently working on her second album, Fancy Footwork.

Fictional portrayals[link]

The movie Velvet Goldmine was loosely based on her life with David Bowie. She was fictionalized as a character named "Mandy", portrayed by Toni Collette.^[14]

Personal life[link]

On 30 May 1971, David and Angie Bowie had a son they named Duncan Zowie Haywood Jones. Zowie later preferred to be known as Joe or Joey, although now he has reverted to the name Duncan Jones.

Angie and David Bowie separated after eight years of marriage and divorced on 8 February 1980, in Switzerland. She later called it "a marriage of convenience" for both, and settled for £300,000. She had already begun a long-term relationship with punk musician Drew Blood (real name Andrew Lipka), and on 24 July 1980 gave birth to their daughter, Stacia Larranna Celeste Lipka, in Mendocino, California.^[15]

Angela Bowie currently lives in Tucson, Arizona.^[16]

References[link]

1. ^ Angela Bowie "Backstage Passes", pp.29-30
2. ^ Bowie,p29
3. ^ Angela Bowie, Backstage Passes, p.30
4. ^ Bowie,p.30
5. ^ Bowie,pages 5-7
6. ^ Bowie,pages168-173
7. ^ "The King of Late Night". Johnny Carson. http://www.johnnycarson.com/carson/search.do?singleDateMonth=11&singleDateDay=16&singleDateYear=1973. Retrieved 2012-01-14. 
8. ^ Bowie,pages247-49
9. ^ ^{a b} "Angela Bowie". Wonderwomanmuseum.com. http://www.wonderwomanmuseum.com/AngelaBowie.html. Retrieved 2012-01-14. 
10. ^ Bowie,pages168-70
11. ^ "Angie Bowie’s Daredevil and the Black Widow?". 2012-01-22. https://dailypop.wordpress.com/2012/01/22/angie-bowies-daredevil-and-the-black-widow/. Retrieved 2012-02-20. 
12. ^ "Angie by The Rolling Stones Songfacts". Songfacts.com. 1972-04-17. http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=560. Retrieved 2012-01-14. 
13. ^ Angela Bowie - IMDb
14. ^ "Velvet Goldmine (1998) - Trivia". Imdb.com. http://imdb.com/title/tt0120879/trivia. Retrieved 2012-01-14. 
15. ^ Graham, Caroline (August 8, 2009). "Zowie Bowie: How a son of rock royalty survived a bitter rift with his mother to earn genuine success". Daily Mail.co.uk. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1205175/Zowie-Bowie-How-son-rock-royalty-survived-bitter-rift-mother-earn-genuine-success.html. Retrieved February 12, 2012. 
16. ^ "AngieBowie.net". AngieBowie.net. http://www.angiebowie.net/. Retrieved 2012-01-14. 

Further reading[link]

• Angela Bowie "Free Spirit", Published by Mushroom Books, 1981 (name appears as "Angie Bowie" on cover)
• Angela Bowie "Backstage Passes", Published by Jove Books, The Berkeley Publishing Group, 1993

External links[link]

• Angie Bowie's Lecture On Bisexuality
• Angie Bowie's official website
• Angie Bowie Lovers LiveJournal Group
• Bisexual.com's Interview With Angie Bowie - Nov. 9, 2007