- published: 23 Apr 2007
- author: Elementroar
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- Abelia (animal)
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Felidae (1994)
Plot
After his owner relocates, the cat Francis in involved in a series of cat murders in the new neighborhood. Francis tries to solve the murder cases with others - including Claudandus, a very knowledgable and old cat.
Keywords: adult-animation, animal, animal-abuse, animal-experimentation, animal-in-title, animal-name-in-title, animated-sex, anthropomorphic-animal, anthropomorphism, based-on-novel
Genres
Taglines:
Quotes:
Francis: [noticing Felicitas's eyes] You're blind.::Felicitas: I'm not blind. I just can't see.
Blaubart: [to Francis] You taking over that shit heap in there?, interesting place, I go in there for a piss occasionally [laughs]
Francis: I swear that whoever murdered Felicity is going to pay for it!, you hear me you bastard I'm going to make you pay!::Blaubart: We'll get you shithead!
Francis: Very impressive,have we come to the house of an art collector or a pimp?::Blaubart: Your guess is as good as mine, I believe the can opener who owns this joint has some sort of job as a scientist or was it a parapsychologist?, I don't know.
Mendel: Why is it that these peas in a pod are alike as two peas in a pod?::Mendel: [laughs manically]
Francis: [Spotting a dead cat with her stomach and throat ripped out] Oh my God!::Kong: Looks like he's run out of steam suddenly, that's what happens to you when you eat too much junk food::Francis: Yeah I'm out of breath and it looks like I'm not the only one [Indicating the dead cat]::Kong: What bullshit you talking now? [gasps] Solitaire!, oh Solitaire what have they done to you?, what the hell has that evil bastard done?, my lovely, lovely Solitaire! [cries]::Francis: Who was she?::Hermann 1: Solitaire was the boss' favorite girl, and chances are those are his family you can see as well [pointing out the dead kitten fetuses]::Kong: I'm gonna kill him, I'm gonna hamburger him, I'll tear his balls off and stuff them down his throat, what kind of heartless bastard would do this? who?, who? tell me [to Francis] was it you? no you didn't have the time, well then who did it, who was it?
Additional Voices: [while looking for Francis] He was here. I can sense him.
Pascal: [types the word "FELIDAE" on the computer] Do you know the meaning of this word, Felidae?::Francis: Could it be a scientific name for all our family divisions, "cats" as they're usually called?::Pascal: Felidae. Evolution has created an astounding number of various creatures. Not one however deserves the respected wonder the genus Felidae has earned. [shows on the computer a list]::Francis: Wow! What did you combine on this list.::Pascal: Those of us who live in the neighbourhood, name, age, gender, breed, marking. I almost forgot, I need to enter you now as well.::Francis: Incredible!::Pascal: Yes it is. Even better if it can help us solve a murder.::Francis: Did you know it all of the dead brothers?::Pascal: Yes! They were all on the prowl after some female in heat.::Francis: I... I have an idea. Find out what breed they were. That may lead us to a new tie-up.::Pascal: Simple enough. [shows on the computer the murdered cats' type of race] Well, none of them were partically aristocratic examples of Felidae.::Francis: But all the same race, so they were'nt just excited and male. They were all European Shorthairs.
Francis: Hey, Bluebeard.::Blaubart: Yeah?::Francis: Sounds to me like you're backtracking a little, aren't ya?::Blaubart: You don't say... and what makes ya think so?::Francis: Well, you told 'em I'm your friend.::Blaubart: ...ah.
Francis: He lost his innocence, Bluebeard, as man has lost his.
Send this Playlist by SMS
Felidae (1994, English) - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:45
- Updated: 15 May 2013
Part 1 of movie. Francis the cat has just moved into the neighborhood with his owner, only to be greeted by a series of baffling and gruesome murders. Siftin...
http://wn.com/Felidae_1994,_English_Part_1
Part 1 of movie. Francis the cat has just moved into the neighborhood with his owner, only to be greeted by a series of baffling and gruesome murders. Siftin...
Felidae
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 78:12
- Updated: 16 May 2013
Felidae is a 1994 German animated mystery film directed by Michael Schaack, written by Martin Kluger, Stefaan Schieder and Akif Pirinçci based on the novel F...
http://wn.com/Felidae
Felidae is a 1994 German animated mystery film directed by Michael Schaack, written by Martin Kluger, Stefaan Schieder and Akif Pirinçci based on the novel F...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- author: HorrorDisneyFiend
Felidae (German with English Subs) Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:03
- Updated: 29 Apr 2013
Brackenhawk presents: Felidae (1994) Original production with English fansubs. Part 1 of 6 Certificate: 18/adult in most parts of the world. Contains: graphi...
http://wn.com/Felidae_German_with_English_Subs_Part_1
Brackenhawk presents: Felidae (1994) Original production with English fansubs. Part 1 of 6 Certificate: 18/adult in most parts of the world. Contains: graphi...
- published: 16 Sep 2010
- views: 20241
- author: brackenhawk
Brandon's Cult Movie Reviews: Felidae
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:27
- Updated: 12 May 2013
Can also be viewed here: http://blip.tv/BrandonTenold/felidae-6467637 Video review of the German animated film "Felidae" (1994) about the adventures of a tal...
http://wn.com/Brandon's_Cult_Movie_Reviews_Felidae
Can also be viewed here: http://blip.tv/BrandonTenold/felidae-6467637 Video review of the German animated film "Felidae" (1994) about the adventures of a tal...
- published: 07 Dec 2012
- views: 11501
- author: Brandon Tenold
Felidae (1994, English) - Part 6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:59
- Updated: 17 May 2013
Felidae - Part 6 of movie *Yes! My com's fixed! I wanted to upload 2 parts for you guys, for waiting so patiently, but it still takes a long time to convert,...
http://wn.com/Felidae_1994,_English_Part_6
Felidae - Part 6 of movie *Yes! My com's fixed! I wanted to upload 2 parts for you guys, for waiting so patiently, but it still takes a long time to convert,...
- published: 12 Jun 2007
- views: 406520
- author: Elementroar
Felidae - German audio; English subtitles HD (FULL MOVIE) 4:3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 78:19
- Updated: 13 May 2013
IMPORTANT NOTE (PLEASE READ): If you really want to experience this movie in the best form I could muster, DO NOT WATCH THIS VID! This version still has a fe...
http://wn.com/Felidae_German_audio;_English_subtitles_HD_FULL_MOVIE_43
IMPORTANT NOTE (PLEASE READ): If you really want to experience this movie in the best form I could muster, DO NOT WATCH THIS VID! This version still has a fe...
- published: 04 Sep 2012
- author: HermaphroGynandro
Felidae - trailer 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Updated: 22 Apr 2013
I felt that the official trailer for the film doesn't really capture the dark tone of the film. So, inspired, I tried my hand at producing my own trailer for...
http://wn.com/Felidae_trailer_2
I felt that the official trailer for the film doesn't really capture the dark tone of the film. So, inspired, I tried my hand at producing my own trailer for...
- published: 16 Feb 2007
- views: 61743
- author: patronise
Felidae (1994, English) - Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:57
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Part 2 of movie. Francis the cat has just moved into the neighborhood with his owner, only to be greeted by a series of baffling and gruesome murders. Siftin...
http://wn.com/Felidae_1994,_English_Part_2
Part 2 of movie. Francis the cat has just moved into the neighborhood with his owner, only to be greeted by a series of baffling and gruesome murders. Siftin...
- published: 25 Apr 2007
- views: 245114
- author: Elementroar
Felidae - Let The Bodies Hit The Floor
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Updated: 24 Apr 2013
Okay, this is probs my fav Felidae vid I've made. I tried to lay-off the effects as much, 'cause I know that some of my vids are a little blinding.. I don't ...
http://wn.com/Felidae_Let_The_Bodies_Hit_The_Floor
Okay, this is probs my fav Felidae vid I've made. I tried to lay-off the effects as much, 'cause I know that some of my vids are a little blinding.. I don't ...
- published: 07 Jan 2009
- views: 13574
- author: Wildelark
Felidae (1994, English) - Part 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:56
- Updated: 05 May 2013
Part 3 of the movie. Francis the cat has just moved into the neighborhood with his owner, only to be greeted by a series of baffling and gruesome murders. Si...
http://wn.com/Felidae_1994,_English_Part_3
Part 3 of the movie. Francis the cat has just moved into the neighborhood with his owner, only to be greeted by a series of baffling and gruesome murders. Si...
- published: 04 May 2007
- views: 216162
- author: Elementroar
Felidae - Boy George
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:45
- Updated: 09 May 2013
soundtrack not owned by me, so please dont eat me, Youtube.
http://wn.com/Felidae_Boy_George
soundtrack not owned by me, so please dont eat me, Youtube.
- published: 19 Jun 2008
- views: 47413
- author: uchihssuke
Felidae - Охотник (Hunter)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Updated: 07 Oct 2012
Мультфильм: Приключения знаменитого Кота-сыщика (Felidae).
Песня: Охотник (Король и Шут)
http://wn.com/Felidae_Охотник_Hunter
Мультфильм: Приключения знаменитого Кота-сыщика (Felidae).
Песня: Охотник (Король и Шут)
- published: 07 Oct 2012
- views: 115
04/9 deutsch FELIDAE HQ (restauriert)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:06
- Updated: 26 Apr 2013
http://wn.com/04_9_deutsch_FELIDAE_HQ_restauriert
Felidae (1994, English) - Part 7
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:59
- Updated: 09 May 2013
Felidae - Part 7 of movie *The end is coming. The next part will be the last and Felidae will be complete =)* Francis the cat has just moved into the neighbo...
http://wn.com/Felidae_1994,_English_Part_7
Felidae - Part 7 of movie *The end is coming. The next part will be the last and Felidae will be complete =)* Francis the cat has just moved into the neighbo...
- published: 18 Jun 2007
- views: 223205
- author: Elementroar
Felidae (1994, Hungary) - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:05
- Updated: 15 Apr 2011
A Felidae, magyarul „Karmok harca" címen kiadott macskás krimi rajzfilm magyar változata, mert úgy látom, még senki sem töltötte fel.
Elnézést a gyatra minőségért, ez meg „vhs rip" ^_^
Part 1 - Első 10 perces rész.
http://wn.com/Felidae_1994,_Hungary_Part_1
A Felidae, magyarul „Karmok harca" címen kiadott macskás krimi rajzfilm magyar változata, mert úgy látom, még senki sem töltötte fel.
Elnézést a gyatra minőségért, ez meg „vhs rip" ^_^
Part 1 - Első 10 perces rész.
- published: 15 Apr 2011
- views: 4044
Felidae (1994, English) - Part 5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:24
- Updated: 09 May 2013
Felidae - Part 5 of movie *Sorry this took longer than usual. I was away on vacation at Bali, and then got food poisoning before I got back.* Francis the cat...
http://wn.com/Felidae_1994,_English_Part_5
Felidae - Part 5 of movie *Sorry this took longer than usual. I was away on vacation at Bali, and then got food poisoning before I got back.* Francis the cat...
- published: 18 May 2007
- views: 201009
- author: Elementroar
Felidae - kinotrailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45
- Updated: 11 Feb 2013
Felidae is an animated film and feline noir story involving murder, Egyptian mythology, medical experiments on animals, sex, cults, genetics and nightmares. ...
http://wn.com/Felidae_kinotrailer
Felidae is an animated film and feline noir story involving murder, Egyptian mythology, medical experiments on animals, sex, cults, genetics and nightmares. ...
- published: 14 Feb 2007
- views: 46033
- author: patronise
Felidae - Master's Voice
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Updated: 05 May 2013
EDIT: ...wow...these are the shittiest thumbnails ever. First is of my opening, second doesn't do the video justice, and the third is of my ending. WEAK! For...
http://wn.com/Felidae_Master's_Voice
EDIT: ...wow...these are the shittiest thumbnails ever. First is of my opening, second doesn't do the video justice, and the third is of my ending. WEAK! For...
- published: 24 Feb 2010
- author: Raggedstar
Felidae (1994, English) - Part 8 (Final)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:41
- Updated: 09 May 2013
Felidae - Part 8 of movie (last part) *Here is the exciting conclusion. I left the full credits intact so you can listen to the theme song by Boy George XD T...
http://wn.com/Felidae_1994,_English_Part_8_Final
Felidae - Part 8 of movie (last part) *Here is the exciting conclusion. I left the full credits intact so you can listen to the theme song by Boy George XD T...
- published: 21 Jun 2007
- views: 231235
- author: Elementroar
Felidae- Imaginary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Updated: 19 Mar 2013
After seeing Viper's video using this movie I had to watch it. And just as I suspected I loved it! So it was only natural for me to make an amv with it. It t...
http://wn.com/Felidae_Imaginary
After seeing Viper's video using this movie I had to watch it. And just as I suspected I loved it! So it was only natural for me to make an amv with it. It t...
- published: 24 Mar 2008
- views: 8482
- author: VailBloodyClaws
02/9 deutsch FELIDAE HQ (restauriert)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:58
- Updated: 26 Apr 2013
Kong...Wolfgang Hess bestimmt eine der sechs tiefsten Synchronstimmen die es je im deutschen Sprachraum gab!
http://wn.com/02_9_deutsch_FELIDAE_HQ_restauriert
Kong...Wolfgang Hess bestimmt eine der sechs tiefsten Synchronstimmen die es je im deutschen Sprachraum gab!
- published: 22 Feb 2009
- views: 58294
- author: Quast
Felidae Higurashi style
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:08
- Updated: 05 Nov 2008
Okay, I guess you can call this my late Halloween present. I'm SO glad I finished this, it took a few weeks and I messed up a little in the end. For all of you who don't know this movie and want to see it, take note that there's a lot of gore, violence, and some sexual animal crap.
-C.Kitty
I DON'T OWN ANY MATERIAL PUT IN TO THIS VIDEO. IT'S PURELY FAN MADE.
http://wn.com/Felidae_Higurashi_style
Okay, I guess you can call this my late Halloween present. I'm SO glad I finished this, it took a few weeks and I messed up a little in the end. For all of you who don't know this movie and want to see it, take note that there's a lot of gore, violence, and some sexual animal crap.
-C.Kitty
I DON'T OWN ANY MATERIAL PUT IN TO THIS VIDEO. IT'S PURELY FAN MADE.
- published: 05 Nov 2008
- views: 479
Felidae AMV: "I brought nightmares to your mind" WIP
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:17
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
New Account: http://www.youtube.com/user/WolfTheDetective/
Skillet- Monster (Unleash The Beast Remix)
I'M SO PROUD OF THIS VIDEO!!!! 8'D Well, this is my first attempt at a voiceover. ^^;
This is also my second Felidae AMV to be posted on YouTube, and I hope everyone enjoys what I've done so far. ^^ I adore the movie, despite a scene that I tend to ignore while making these videos... XD My favorite character is, as you may have guessed, Francis. o3o I normally don't like the villains in a story, but Pascal is ranked second on my "Favorite Felidae Characters" list. x3
Anyway, I just want to know what you think. Please leave a comment below and tell if I made any mistakes (besides the watermark being too low, I'll fix it later) or if you have any suggestions for the rest of the video.
Thanks for watching,
Wolf
Programs used:
iMovie
Adobe Premiere Elements 9.0
Footage:
Felidae
Song:
Monster (Unleash The Beast)- Skillet
http://detective-wolf.deviantart.com
http://wn.com/Felidae_AMV_I_brought_nightmares_to_your_mind_WIP
New Account: http://www.youtube.com/user/WolfTheDetective/
Skillet- Monster (Unleash The Beast Remix)
I'M SO PROUD OF THIS VIDEO!!!! 8'D Well, this is my first attempt at a voiceover. ^^;
This is also my second Felidae AMV to be posted on YouTube, and I hope everyone enjoys what I've done so far. ^^ I adore the movie, despite a scene that I tend to ignore while making these videos... XD My favorite character is, as you may have guessed, Francis. o3o I normally don't like the villains in a story, but Pascal is ranked second on my "Favorite Felidae Characters" list. x3
Anyway, I just want to know what you think. Please leave a comment below and tell if I made any mistakes (besides the watermark being too low, I'll fix it later) or if you have any suggestions for the rest of the video.
Thanks for watching,
Wolf
Programs used:
iMovie
Adobe Premiere Elements 9.0
Footage:
Felidae
Song:
Monster (Unleash The Beast)- Skillet
http://detective-wolf.deviantart.com
- published: 30 Sep 2012
- views: 110
photo: Flickr
17 May 2013
17 May 2013, 17.17. Bunga Bunga. Berlusconi 'Prostitute' In Court. Tweet. A teenage former belly dancer who denies having sex with former Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi has given her version of events at his allegedly raunchy "bunga bunga" parties ... Prosecutors claim that Miss El Mahroug was 17 when she was paid by the politician for sex and he is on trial separately in relation to that accusation ... She added ... She added ... She said....(size: 5.8Kb)
photo: AP / Jerome Favre
18 May 2013
(Adds Elon Musk details in the 13th paragraph.). May 17 (Bloomberg) -- Bill Gates is once again the world’s richest person. The 57-year-old co-founder of Redmond, Washington-based Microsoft Corp. recaptured the title from Mexican investor Carlos Slim yesterday, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, as the software maker hit a five-year high. It is the first time Gates has held the mantle since 2007 ... He denies the accusation....(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: AP / Misha Japaridze
18 May 2013
The US has scolded Russia for sending missiles to the Syrian government, with plans for an international peace conference promoted by the two major powers appearing to founder on diplomatic rifts over its scope and purpose. General Martin Dempsey, the most senior US military officer, has described Russia's recent delivery of anti-ship missiles to President Bashar al-Assad as "ill-timed and very unfortunate" ... Report....(size: 7.6Kb)
Edit
The Examiner
06 Apr 2013
You won't read about it very much in the media ... Stigmata ... Below are the few titles regarding the "Un-Affordable" Healthcare Act we have seen oozing out of America's Fourth Estate, thus far. ... Stunner! ... Truth be told, there is another rather pejorative word for this type of mindset, and it's directly related to a small, furry, domesticated mammal found in the phylum of Felidae and described, when found in groups, as a glaring or clowder ... ....(size: 22.0Kb)
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The Guardian
06 Mar 2013
'He was our second Bolivar' say crowd of supporters, as they gather at former leader's coffin in Venezuela to mourn his death. Hugo Chávez's coffin, surrounded by supporters in Caracas. Photograph. Luis Camacho/AFP ... They gazed at the casket, absorbed its physical details, the flag draped over it, the flash of wood beneath, the glint of metal in the sunlight ... That Hugo Chávez was dead ... "I feel so bad ... Her friend, Felida Mora, 63, nodded ... ....(size: 6.6Kb)
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Indian Express
03 Mar 2013
A pair of pumas will soon arrive from Russia to join several foreign-origin species like grey kangaroos and South American jaguars currently housed at the Delhi Zoo ... "We have got through with the proposal and are in talks with Russian authorities ... The puma is a large cat belonging to Felidae family ... contd. PAGE. 12 . Single Page Format ....(size: 1.6Kb)
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The Examiner
19 Feb 2013
Level 5 - High Quality - no by-products, wheat or corn Diamond Naturals($1.22) 4-health($1.22) Evolve($1.33) Premium Edge($1.57) Chicken Soup for the Soul($1.61) HealthWise($1.66) Professional($1.66) NutriSource($1.67) Taste of the Wild($1.80) Health Extension($1.95) Precise($1.96) VeRUS($1.97) California Natural($2.03) PetSmart Simply ......(size: 10.3Kb)
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Yahoo Daily News
16 Feb 2013
Sci-fi story "Befriending Aliens" by Norma Druid tells of when alien races collide in the universe. Nashville, Tenn. (PRWEB) February 16, 2013 In the time of Hansa Year 530, a great cloud of smoke lingers over the remote colony of Dev Boylun ... What went wrong? ... Druid does this by fully illustrating the two alien races of the book—the Varangians and Felidae, to show that they are as developed as their human counterparts ... Befriending Aliens....(size: 2.3Kb)
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Wired News
07 Nov 2012
A cast of Smilodon at the Natural History Museum of Utah. Photo by the author ... Even though the literature of Smilodon and its awful gape grows with every passing year, John Merriam and Chester Stock’s 1932 monograph The Felidae of Rancho La Brea remains the essential reference on the famous asphalt seep’s cat fossils, most of all Smilodon ... References.. Andersson, K., Norman, D., Werdelin, L. 2011 ... The Felidae of Rancho La Brea....(size: 9.7Kb)
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noodls
27 Oct 2012
The following article was written by Liam Cronin. When I say that comic books are bursting with animal champions (both hero and "villain" alike), you might say, "Sure-bats, spiders, and wolverines!" But nay, my friend, the most influential comic-book animals come from the family Felidae!. Super-Cats of the Universe, AWAAAAAAAY! ... *I was going to include Garfield, but his comic is better without him. Catwoman....(size: 4.3Kb)
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PR Newswire
11 Oct 2012
... Pro Plan®, Motel 6, K9 Advantix II, Felidae®, Sturdi Products, Citibank, Oreck Direct LLC, Pets Add Life (PAL) campaign, sponsored by the American Pet Products Association, Harry and David, BH Pet Gear LLC, TimberTech, BowTie Inc., Petfood.com, Petsupplies.com, ShowSight, Baker Institute for Animal Health at Cornell University....(size: 7.5Kb)
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PR Newswire
11 Oct 2012
... Pro Plan®, Motel 6, K9 Advantix II, Felidae®, Sturdi Products, Citibank, Oreck Direct LLC, Pets Add Life (PAL) campaign, sponsored by the American Pet Products Association, Harry and David, BH Pet Gear LLC, TimberTech, BowTie Inc., Petfood.com, Petsupplies.com, ShowSight, Baker Institute for Animal Health at Cornell University....(size: 7.5Kb)
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PR Newswire
11 Oct 2012
... Pro Plan®, Motel 6, K9 Advantix II, Felidae®, Sturdi Products, Citibank, Oreck Direct LLC, Pets Add Life (PAL) campaign, sponsored by the American Pet Products Association, Harry and David, BH Pet Gear LLC, TimberTech, BowTie Inc., Petfood.com, Petsupplies.com, ShowSight, Baker Institute for Animal Health at Cornell University....(size: 10.1Kb)
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PR Newswire
25 Sep 2012
... Pro Plan®, Motel 6, K9 Advantix II, Felidae®, Sturdi Products, Citibank, Oreck Direct LLC, Pets Add Life (PAL) campaign, sponsored by the American Pet Products Association, Harry and David, BH Pet Gear LLC, TimberTech, BowTie Inc., Petfood.com, Petsupplies.com, ShowSight, Baker Institute for Animal Health at Cornell University....(size: 14.6Kb)
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Yahoo Daily News
25 Sep 2012
Event sponsors include The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc., Pet Brands, Inc., Purina® Pro Plan®, Motel 6, K9 Advantix II, Felidae®, Sturdi Products, Citibank, Oreck Direct LLC, Pets Add Life (PAL) campaign, sponsored by the American Pet Products Association, Harry and David, BH Pet Gear LLC, TimberTech, BowTie Inc., Petfood.com, Petsupplies.com, ShowSight, Baker Institute for Animal Health at Cornell University ... 1 ... 1 ... 2 ... 2 ... 3 ... 3 ... 4....(size: 14.8Kb)
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Jakarta Post
14 Sep 2012
Paper Edition . Page. 11. A friend who noticed my column bio has asked why, curiously, I haven’t written anything on cats. I said I’d need a great excuse, otherwise I’d just be babbling on about cats over 12,000 words and my editor would send me off to some crazy cat-ladies’ asylum. I think now I’ve found the excuse ... Since first evolving 34 million years ago, the basic structure of Felidae has only gone through two or three changes ... Meow ... ....(size: 5.8Kb)
For other uses, see Felidae (disambiguation).
| Felids[1] Temporal range: 25–0 Ma Late Oligocene to Recent |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Tiger (Panthera tigris) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Suborder: | Feliformia |
| Family: | Felidae G. Fischer de Waldheim, 1817 |
| Subfamilies | |
| File:Felidae range.png | |
| Felidae ranges | |
Felidae is the biological family of the cats; a member of this family is called a felid. Felids are the strictest carnivores of the thirteen terrestrial families in the order Carnivora, although the three families of marine mammals comprising the superfamily pinnipedia are as carnivorous as the felids. The most familiar felid is the domestic cat, which first became associated with humans about 10,000 years ago, but the family includes all other wild cats including the big cats.
Extant felids belong to one of two subfamilies: Pantherinae (which includes the tiger, the lion, the jaguar, and the leopard), and Felinae (which includes the cougar, the cheetah, the lynxes, the ocelot, and the domestic cat).
The first felids emerged during the Oligocene, about 25 million years ago. In prehistoric times, there was a third subfamily known as Machairodontinae, which included the "saber-toothed cats" such as the well known Smilodon. There were also other superficially cat-like mammals, such as the marsupial sabertooth Thylacosmilus or the Nimravidae, which are not included in Felidae despite superficial similarities.
Contents |
Evolution[link]
There are 41 known species of felids in the world today, which have all descended from the same ancestor.[1] This taxon originated in Asia and spread across continents by crossing land bridges. As reported in the journal Science, testing of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA by Warren Johnson and Stephen O'Brien of the U.S. National Cancer Institute demonstrated that ancient cats evolved into eight main lineages that diverged in the course of at least 10 migrations (in both directions) from continent to continent via the Bering land bridge and Isthmus of Panama, with the Panthera genus being the oldest and the Felis genus being the youngest. They estimated that 60 percent of the modern species of cats developed within the last million years.[3]
Most felids have a haploid number of 18 or 19. New World cats (those in Central and South America) have a haploid number of 18, possibly due to the combination of two smaller chromosomes into one larger chromosome.[4] Prior to this discovery, biologists had been largely unable to establish a family tree of cats from the fossil record because the fossils of different cat species all look very much alike, differing primarily in size.
The felids' closest relatives are thought to be the linsangs,[5] and at one remove the group of civets, hyenas, mongooses, and Madagascar carnivores,[6] with whom they share the Suborder Feliformia. All felid species share a genetic anomaly that prevents them from tasting sweetness.[7]
Characteristics[link]
Felids are obligate carnivores, requiring a diet of meat and organs to survive. Aside from the lion, wild felids are generally solitary; feral domestic cats do, however, form feral cat colonies. Cheetahs are also known to live and hunt in groups. Felids are generally secretive animals, are often nocturnal, and live in relatively inaccessible habitats. Around three-quarters of cat species live in forested terrain, and they are generally agile climbers. However, felids may be found in almost any environment, with some species being native to mountainous terrain or deserts.
Wild felids are native to every continent except Australasia and Antarctica.
Physical appearance[link]
Felids tend to have lithe and flexible bodies with muscular limbs. In the great majority of species, the tail is between a third and a half the length of the body, although there are some exceptions (for example, the bobcat and margay). The limbs are digitigrade with soft toe pads and retractable claws. Compared with most other mammals, the head of cats is highly domed with a short muzzle. The skull possesses wide zygomatic arches and a large sagittal crest, both of which allow for the attachment of strong jaw muscles.[8]
The various species of felids vary greatly in size. One of the smallest is the Black-footed Cat, measuring 35 to 40 centimetres (14 to 16 in) long, while the largest in the wild is the tiger, which can attain up to 350 centimetres (11.5 ft) in length[9] and weigh 300 kilograms (660 lb).
The fur of felids takes many different forms, being much thicker in those species that live in cold environments, such as the Snow Leopard. The color of felids is also highly variable—although brown to golden fur is common in most species—usually marked with distinctive spots, stripes, or rosettes. The only felids to lack significant markings are the lion, puma, caracal and jaguarundi. Many species exhibit melanism, in which some individuals have an all-black coat.[8] All felids have a "tear stripe", a black stripe running from the corner of each eye down the side of the muzzle.[10]
The tongue of felids is covered with horny papillae, which help to rasp meat from their prey.
All felids have retractable claws, although in a few species, such as the cheetah, the claws remain visible even when retracted. The claws are retracted when the animal is relaxed. They are attached to the terminal bone of the toe with a tough ligament; when the animal contracts muscles in the toe to straighten it, the ligament forces the claw outwards.[8] Cats have five toes on their forefeet and four on their hindfeet, reflecting their reliance on gripping and holding down their prey with their claws.[citation needed]
Senses[link]
Felids have relatively large eyes, situated to provide binocular vision. Their night vision is especially good, due to the presence of a tapetum lucidum, which reflects light back inside the eyeball, and gives felid eyes their distinctive shine. As a result, the eyes of felids are approximately six times more light sensitive than those of humans, and many species are at least partially nocturnal. The retina of felids also contains a relatively high proportion of rod cells, adapted for perfectly distinguishing moving objects in conditions of dim light, which are complemented by the presence of cone cells for sensing color during the day. However, felids appear to have relatively poor color vision in comparison with humans.[8] This is explained by the fact that felids see moving objects more "colorfully" than still objects, but in an intact environment, are unable to distinguish color tones alone (like turquoise compared to teal, for example).[citation needed]
The external ears of felids are also large, and especially sensitive to high-frequency sounds in the smaller cats. This sensitivity allows them to locate small rodent prey; cats themselves do not apparently produce such sounds.[8] The safe limit of a cat's ear exposure to sound is 65 decibels, which is at least half that of a human's.[citation needed]
Felids also have a highly developed sense of smell, although not to the degree seen in canids; this is further supplemented by the presence of a vomeronasal organ in the roof of the mouth, allowing the animal to "taste" the air. The use of this organ is associated with the Flehmen response, in which the upper lip is curled upwards. Most of the felids are unable to taste sweetness due to a mutated gene in their taste buds. Exceptions include members of the genera Leopardus and Otocolobus.[citation needed]
Felids possess highly sensitive whiskers set deep within the skin, which provide the cat with sensory information about the slightest air movement around it. For this reason, whiskers are very helpful to nocturnal hunters.
Most felids are able to land on their feet after a fall, an ability which relies on vision and the sense of balance acting together.[citation needed]
Dentition[link]
Felids have a relatively small number of teeth compared with other carnivorans, a feature associated with their short muzzles. With a few exceptions, such as the lynx, they have the dental formula: Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \tfrac{ 3.1.3.1}{ 3.1.2.1} . The canine teeth are large, reaching exceptional size in the extinct saber-tooth species. The upper third premolar and lower molar are adapted as carnassial teeth, suited to tearing and cutting flesh.[8]
The jaws of felids can only move vertically. This prevents them from being able to chew, but makes it easier for their powerful masseter jaw muscles to hold struggling prey.
Vocalisations[link]
All felids share a broadly similar set of vocalisations, although there is some variation between species. In particular, the pitch of calls varies, with larger species producing deeper sounds; overall, the frequency of felid calls ranges between 50–10,000 hertz.
All felids are able to spit, hiss, growl, snarl, and mew. The first four of these sounds are all used in an aggressive context. The spitting sound is a sudden burst, typically used when making threats, especially towards other species (such as humans). The hiss is a prolonged, atonal sound used in close range to other members of the species, when the animal is uncertain whether to attack or retreat. Growling is used to indicate a willingness to attack, while the higher pitched snarl is used when adopting a defensive posture.
The mewing sound may be used either as a close-contact call, typically between a mother and kittens, or as a louder, longer distance call, primarily during the mating season. There is some variation in the acoustic properties of the mew between different felid species; extreme examples include the whistling sound made by cougars and the mew-grunt of lions and tigers.
Most felids seem to be able to purr, vibrating the muscles in their larynx to produce a distinctive buzzing sound. In the wild, purring is used while a mother is caring for kittens. Precisely which species of felid are able to purr is a matter of debate, but the sound has been recorded in most of the smaller species, as well as the cheetah and cougar, and may also be found in the big cats.
Other common felid vocalisations include the gurgle, wah-wah, prusten, and roar. The first two sounds are found only among the Felinae (small cats). Gurgling is a quiet sound used during meetings between friendly individuals, as well as during courtship and when nursing kittens. The wah-wah is a short, deep-sounding call used in close contact, and is not found in all species (it is, for example, absent in the domestic cat).
In contrast, prusten and roaring are found only in big cats. Prusten is a short, soft, snorting sound reported in tigers, jaguars, snow leopards, and clouded leopards; it is used during contact between friendly individuals. The roar is an especially loud call with a distinctive pattern that depends on the species. Tigers and jaguars have a very snarly roar, while the roar of leopards and lions is much more throaty.[citation needed] Only lions, leopards, tigers and jaguars are truly able to roar, although the loudest mews of snow leopards have a similar, if less structured, sound.[8]
Classification[link]
Traditionally, five subfamilies have been distinguished within family Felidae based on phenotypical features: the Felinae, the Pantherinae, the Acinonychinae (Cheetahs), the extinct Machairodontinae, and the extinct Proailurinae.[2]
Genetic classification[link]
Genetic research has provided a basis for a more concise classification for the living members of the cat family based on genotypical groupings.[1][11][12] Specifically, eight genetic lineages have been identified:[13]
- Lineage 1: Panthera, Uncia, Neofelis
- Lineage 2: Pardofelis, Catopuma
- Lineage 3: Leptailurus, Caracal, Profelis
- Lineage 4: Leopardus
- Lineage 5: Lynx
- Lineage 6: Puma, Acinonyx
- Lineage 7: Prionailurus, Otocolobus
- Lineage 8: Felis
The last four lineages (5, 6, 7, 8) are more related to each other than to any of the first four (1, 2, 3, 4), and so form a clade within the Felinae subfamily of family Felidae.
Extant species[link]
The following is the complete list of genera within family Felidae grouped according to the traditional phenotypical classification with the corresponding genotypical lineages indicated:
- FAMILY FELIDAE[1]
- Subfamily Pantherinae
- Genus Panthera [Lineage 1]
- Genus Uncia [Lineage 1]
- Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia)
- Genus Neofelis [Lineage 1]
- Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)
- Sunda Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi)
- Subfamily Felinae
- Genus Pardofelis [Lineage 2]
- Genus Catopuma [Lineage 2]
- Bay Cat (Catopuma badia)
- Asian Golden Cat (Catopuma temminckii)
- Genus Leptailurus [Lineage 3]
- Serval (Leptailurus serval)
- Genus Caracal [Lineage 3]
- Caracal (Caracal caracal)
- Genus Profelis [Lineage 3]
- African Golden Cat (Profelis aurata)
- Genus Leopardus [Lineage 4]
- Pantanal Cat (Leopardus braccatus)
- Colocolo (Leopardus colocolo)
- Geoffroy's Cat (Leopardus geoffroyi)
- Kodkod (Leopardus guigna)
- Andean Mountain Cat (Leopardus jacobitus)
- Pampas Cat (Leopardus pajeros)
- Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)
- Oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus)
- Margay (Leopardus wiedii)
- Genus Lynx [Lineage 5]
- Canadian Lynx (Lynx canadensis)
- Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx)
- Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus)
- Bobcat (Lynx rufus)
- Genus Puma [Lineage 6]
- Cougar (Puma concolor)
- Jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi)
- Genus Acinonyx[14] [Lineage 6]
- Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)
- Genus Prionailurus [Lineage 7]
- Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)
- Iriomote Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis)
- Flat-headed Cat (Prionailurus planiceps)
- Rusty-spotted Cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus)
- Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viverrinus)
- Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)
- Genus Otocolobus [Lineage 7]
- Pallas's Cat (Otocolobus manul)
- Genus Felis [Lineage 8]
- Chinese Mountain Cat (Felis bieti)
- Domestic Cat (Felis catus)
- Jungle Cat (Felis chaus)
- Sand Cat (Felis margarita)
- Black-footed Cat (Felis nigripes)
- Wildcat (Felis silvestris)
- Subfamily Pantherinae
Fossil felids[link]
The probably oldest known true felid (Proailurus) lived in the late Oligocene and early Miocene epochs. During the Miocene it gave way to Pseudaelurus. Pseudaelurus is believed to be the latest common ancestor of the two extant subfamilies and the extinct subfamily, Machairodontinae. This group, better known as the saber-tooth cats, became extinct in the Late Pleistocene era. The group includes the genera Smilodon, Machairodus and Homotherium. The Metailurini were originally classified as a distinct tribe within the Machairodontinae, though they count as members of the Felinae in recent times.[16][17] Most extinct cat-like animals, once regarded as members of the Felidae, later turned out to be members of related, but distinct, families: the "false sabretooths" Nimravidae and Barbourofelidae. As a result, sabretooth "cats" seem to belong to four different lineages. The total number of fossil felids that are known to science is low compared to other carnivoran families such as dogs and bears. Felidae radiated quite recently and most of the extant species are relatively young.
Genera of the Felidae[link]
The list follows McKenna and Bells Classification of Mammals for prehistoric genera (1997)[2] and Wozencraft (2005) in Wilson and Reeders Mammal Species of the World for extant genera.[1] Pseudaelurus is included here in the Felinae according to McKenna & Bell despite its basal position in felid evolution. Inconsistent with McKenna and Bell, three additional prehistoric genera, Miracinonyx, Lokontailurus and Xenosmilus are listed. Sivapanthera is included into the Felinae (not Acinonychinae) and Ischrosmilus is included in the genus Smilodon.
- †Proailurinae
- Felinae
- Pantherinae
- †Machairodontinae
- †Machairodus (Late Miocene, Africa, Eurasia, North America)
- †Homotherium (Pliocene, Pleistocene; Africa, Eurasia, North America)
- †Xenosmilus (Pleistocene; North America)
- †Lokotunjailurus (Latest Miocene; Africa)
- †Miomachairodus (Middle Miocene; Africa, Asia)
- †Hemimachairodus
- †Paramachairodus (Late Miocene; Eurasia, Africa)
- †Megantereon (Pliocene, Pleistocene; North America, Africa, Eurasia)
- †Smilodon (Late Pliocene to Late Pleistocene; North- and South America)
See also[link]
Cited references[link]
- ^ a b c d e Wozencraft, W. Christopher (16 November 2005). "Order Carnivora (pp. 532-628)". In Wilson, Don E., and Reeder, DeeAnn M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.). pp. 532–548. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494. http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000003.
- ^ a b c McKenna, Malcolm C.; Susan K. Bell (2000-02-15). Classification of Mammals. Columbia University Press. pp. 631. ISBN 978-0-231-11013-6.
- ^ Mott, Maryann (2006-01-11). "Cats Climb New family Tree". National Geographic News. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/01/0111_060111_cat_evolution.html. Retrieved 2006-07-15.
- ^ Vella, Carolyn; et al. (2002). Robinson's Genetics for Cat Breeders and Veterinarians, 4th ed.. Oxford: Butterworh-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-4069-3.
- ^ Eizirik, E., W.J. Murphy, K.P. Koepfli, W.E. Johnson, J.W. Dragoo, R.K.Wayne, en S.J. O’Brien, 2010. Pattern and timing of the diversification of the mammalian order Carnivora inferred from multiple nuclear gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56: 49-63. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.033
- ^ Gaubert, P., & Veron, G. (2003). "Exhaustive sample set among Viverridae reveals the sister-group of felids: the linsangs as a case of extreme morphological convergence within Feliformia". Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B, 270 270 (1532): 2523–30. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2521
- ^ Xia, Li; Weihua Li, Hong Wang, Jie Cao, Kenji Maehashi, Liquan Huang, Alexander A. Bachmanov, Danielle R. Reed, Véronique Legrand-Defretin, Gary K. Beauchamp and Joseph G. Brand (July 2005). "Pseudogenization of a Sweet-Receptor Gene Accounts for Cats' Indifference toward Sugar". Public Library of Science 1 (1): e3. DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.0010003. PMC 1183522. PMID 16103917. http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.0010003. Retrieved 2008-06-30.
- ^ a b c d e f g Sunquist, Mel; Sunquist, Fiona (2002). Wild cats of the World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 5–16. ISBN 0-226-77999-8.
- ^ Vratislav Mazak: Der Tiger. Nachdruck der 3. Auflage von 1983. Westarp Wissenschaften Hohenwarsleben, 2004 ISBN 3-89432-759-6
- ^ Cats of Africa, Maitland Edey, Time-Life Books, New York, 1968, p.25
- ^ Johnson WE, Eizirik E, Pecon-Slattery J, et al. (January 2006). "The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: a genetic assessment". Science 311 (5757): 73–7. DOI:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146.
- ^ O'Brien SJ, Johnson WE (2005). "Big cat genomics". Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 6 (1): 407–29. DOI:10.1146/annurev.genom.6.080604.162151. PMID 16124868.
- ^ Johnson, W. E.; & O'Brien S. J. (1997). Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Felidae using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 mitochondrial genes. J Mol Evol (1997) 44: S98-116. Retrieved on 2009-11-08 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9071018?dopt=Abstract.
- ^ http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000003
- ^ Ice Age Animals, Illinois State Museum
- ^ van den Hoek Ostende, Lars W.; Michael Morlo and Doris Nagel (July 2006). "Fossils explained 52 Majestic killers: the sabre-toothed cats". Geology Today 22 (4): 150–157. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2006.00572.x. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/gday/2006/00000022/00000004/art00006;jsessionid=pajs4k97owon.alexandra. Retrieved 2008-06-30.
- ^ Turner, Alan (1997-04-15). The Big Cats and their fossil relatives. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 60. ISBN 978-0-231-10228-5.
General references[link]
- Shoemaker, Alan (1996). "1996 Taxonomic and Legal Status of the Felidae". Felid Taxonomic Advisory Group of the American Zoo and Aquarium Association. Archived from the original on 2006-06-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20060612201608/http://csew.com/felidtag/pages/Reports/taxon_legal.htm. Retrieved 2006-07-15.
- Turner, A. (1997). The big cats and their fossil relatives. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-10229-1.
- Kirby, G. (1984). "Cat family". In Macdonald, D.. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Facts on File. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Felidae |
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Wikispecies has information related to: Felidae |
- Felidae at the Encyclopedia of Life
http://wn.com/Felidae
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| Boy George | |
|---|---|
 Boy George in Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 2007 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | George Alan O'Dowd |
| Born | (1961-06-14) 14 June 1961 (age 51) Bexley, Kent, England |
| Genres | New Wave, soul, pop, soft rock, disco |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, Disc Jockey (DJ), Fashion Designer, Performer, Photographer, Producer |
| Instruments | Vocals |
| Years active | 1978–present |
| Labels | Virgin Records, Epic Records, Plan A Records |
| Associated acts | Culture Club, Jesus Loves You, Mark Ronson, Bow Wow Wow |
| Website | http://www.boygeorgeuk.com/ |
Boy George (born George Alan O'Dowd on 14 June 1961) is an English singer-songwriter, who was part of the English New Romanticism movement which emerged in the early 1980s. His music is often classified as blue-eyed soul, which is influenced by rhythm and blues and reggae. His 1990s and 2000s-era solo music has glam influences such as David Bowie and Iggy Pop. He also founded and was lead singer of Jesus Loves You during the period 1989–1992. Being involved in many activities (among them songwriting, DJing, writing books, designing clothes and photography), he has released fewer music recordings in the last decade.
Contents |
Career[link]
Early life and career[link]
Boy George was born George Alan O'Dowd at Barnehurst Hospital in Bexley, Kent on 14 June 1961, to Jeremiah and Dinah O'Dowd (née Glynn), who were originally from Thurles, County Tipperary, Ireland. He attended Eltham Green School in Eltham.[1] He is one of six children. His siblings are Richard, Kevin, David, Gerald, and Siobhan.
He was a follower of the New Romantic movement which was popular in Britain in the early 1980s. George frequently lived at the infamous Warren Street Squat in Central London. George and his friend Marilyn were regulars at The Blitz,[2] a trendy London nightclub run by Steve Strange of the group Visage.[1] George and Marilyn also worked at the nightclub as cloakroom attendants.[citation needed]
Culture Club[link]
Boy George's androgynous style of dressing caught the attention of music executive Malcolm McLaren (previously the manager of the Sex Pistols), who arranged for George to perform with the group Bow Wow Wow, featuring Annabella Lwin. Boy George's (then going by the name "Lieutenant Lush") tenure with Bow Wow Wow was a disaster and he was booed off the stage at a live performance and subsequently dropped from the group. He then started his own group with bassist Mikey Craig. Next came Jon Moss (who had drumming stints with The Damned and Adam and the Ants), and then Roy Hay. The group called themselves In Praise of Lemmings, but the name was later abandoned, as was their next name, Sex Gang Children. Realizing they had a transvestite Irish singer (George), a black-Briton (Craig), a Jewish drummer (Moss), and an Anglo-Saxon Englishman (Hay), they settled on the name Culture Club, referring to the various ethnic backgrounds of the members.
The band recorded demos that were paid for by EMI Records but the label declined to sign them. Virgin Records, however, expressed interest in signing the group in the UK for European releases, while Epic Records handled the US and North American distribution. They recorded their debut album Kissing to Be Clever (UK#5, US#14,) and it was released in 1982. The single "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me?", became an international hit, reaching #1 in a dozen countries around the world, plus top ten in several more countries (US #2). This was followed by the Top 5 hit "Time (Clock of the Heart)" in the US and UK, and "I'll Tumble 4 Ya" which reached US #9. This gave Culture Club the distinction of being the first group since the Beatles to have three Top 10 hits in the US from a debut album.
Their next album, Colour By Numbers was an enormous success, topping the UK charts and hit #2 in the US. The single "Church of the Poison Mind" became a Top 10 hit, and "Karma Chameleon" became an international hit, peaking at #1 in sixteen countries, and the top ten in additional countries. It hit #1 in the US where it stayed for three weeks. It was the best-selling single of the year in the United Kingdom, where it spent six weeks at #1. "Miss Me Blind" and "It's a Miracle" were Top 5 and Top 20 hits respectively in the US. "Victims" was another Top 5 UK hit.
George and Roy Hay co-wrote the group's contributions to the movie soundtrack Electric Dreams with the songs "Love is Love" and "The Dream". The P. P. Arnold song "Electric Dreams" was written by George and Phil Pickett.
The band's third album Waking Up with the House on Fire (UK#2, US#26) featured the hit single "The War Song" and a modest hit in "Mistake No. 3". George then provided a lead vocal role on the Band Aid international hit single "Do They Know It's Christmas." He was not featured on the cover sleeve of the single. Proceeds from the single were donated to feed famine victims in Africa, particularly Ethiopia. In 1986, George guest-starred on an episode of the television action-drama series The A-Team, in which he played himself. The episode was entitled "Cowboy George".
George had been occasionally using drugs for several years, and by 1985, he had developed a heroin addiction. His relationship with Jon Moss had also completely soured, and the two could hardly be around each other at that point. The group released its fourth album, From Luxury To Heartache (UK#10, US#32), and it featured one hit single, "Move Away". However, word shortly began circulating in tabloids that George was addicted to drugs. He was arrested in Britain for possession of cannabis. Shortly thereafter, keyboardist Michael Rudetsky, who co-wrote the song "Sexuality" on Culture Club's From Luxury to Heartache album, was found dead of a heroin overdose in George's London home. George had expressed interest in working with the keyboardist on a solo album George was planning. Rudetsky's parents filed a wrongful death suit in Britain against George, seeking financial damages for their son's death. With George's drug addiction, the underwhelming performance of their latest album, a soured romance between band members shrouded in secrecy, and a wrongful death lawsuit, the group ultimately disbanded. George would win the court case against the Rudetskys, and would not be required to pay any monetary damages. He would agree to seek treatment for his addiction. Following next would be the death of his friend Mark Vaultier, who overdosed on methadone and Valium at a party. George had been arrested en-route to the party on suspicion of carrying drugs.
Solo career: late 1980s[link]
Boy George, now a solo artist and now signed to Virgin Records in the US and internationally, entered treatment for his addiction. He was prescribed narcotics to treat his heroin addiction. In kicking his heroin addiction, he then became addicted to those prescription narcotics that were used during his treatment. In 1987, he released his first solo album, Sold, and enjoyed its success in Europe. It spawned the UK singles "Everything I Own" (UK #1), "Keep Me In Mind" (UK #29), "To be Reborn" (UK #13), and the title song, "Sold" (UK #24). The singles were hits in various other European countries as well. The album's success, however, was not duplicated in the US. This may be due in part to the fact that George was prohibited by US authorities from travelling to America for several years because of his British drug charges. He did score his first solo Top 40 hit with the single "Live My Life" (US #40) from the Hiding Out soundtrack. Tense Nervous Headache (1988), and Boyfriend (1989) would be his next two internationally released albums; however, these two albums would not be distributed in the US. Instead, Virgin Records selected several songs from each of these two albums for a North American-only release called High Hat (1989). This album scored a US Top 5 R&B hit in "Don't Take My Mind On A Trip", produced by Teddy Riley. George's following single in the UK was a protest song against the UK Conservative Party's legal restriction that anyone working for a local authority be barred from "promoting" homosexuality. The song, 'No Clause 28 (Emilio Pasquez Space Face Full Remix)' was an underground acid house hit.
In 1989, George formed his own record label, More Protein, and began recording under the name Jesus Loves You, (writing under the pseudonym Angela Dust, a word play off angel dust). He released several underground hits; "After The Love", "Generations Of Love", and "Bow Down Mister", the latter giving him a UK Top 30 hit in 1991. Inspired by his involvement in the Hare Krishna movement (ISKCON),[3] George had written the song during a trip to India. Another single, "One On One", featured a remix by Massive Attack.
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An excerpt from Bow Down Mister (A Small Portion 2 B Polite Mix)
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Solo career: 1990s[link]
From March 1990 to April 1991, George presented a weekly chat and music show on the Power Station satellite channel called Blue Radio. In 1992, George had a major US and UK hit with the song "The Crying Game", from the movie soundtrack of the same name. The movie became a surprise hit and the single reached the #11 in the US. Although he had had several solo hits in Europe, this would be Boy George's biggest US hit since Culture Club's "Move Away" reached the US Top 20.
He has also enjoyed a second career as a notable music DJ. His first gig as a DJ was at Phillip Sallon's new nightclub, Planet's, located in Pickadilly. In the 1990s he came to the attention of legendary rave/house promoters Fantazia who asked him to mix 1 of the discs on the 2 volume in their new compilation series Fantazia The House Collection 2. This compilation was a success in the UK, going gold. The album was also sold to Sony for European-wide release. London nightclub Ministry of Sound hired him to compile one of their first CDs, and it promptly sold 100,000 copies. He then completed some compilations for them, five of them being the Annual I to V.
George made many recordings between 1990 and 1994, but none were issued. In 1992 a pop and world music-oriented album was scheduled for release by a group George was fronting called Jesus Loves You. The album, to be named "Popularity Breeds Contempt", was never released. An EP entitled "Sweet Toxic Love" released in 1990 reached #65 on the UK Chart. The phrase "popularity breeds contempt" was used as the opening line on the beginning of the 1993 greatest hits album At Worst: The Best of Boy George and Culture Club. In 1993, George was featured on the P.M. Dawn single "More Than Likely" which became a moderate US and UK hit.
George showed an interest in releasing a rock album. He released the rock-driven album Cheapness and Beauty in 1995, but the album was not successful, although the single "Same Thing in Reverse" became a minor US hit. The Unrecoupable One Man Bandit Volume One was the next album release, first being sold on the internet only. It was then distributed by independent labels. Another project from the time was a new group that would include Boy George and two long-time musicians, John Themis and Ritchie Stevens. Initially named "Shallow", it was later re-named "Dubversive". The project took place in 1997 and was to include trip-hop, dub and reggae. The project was not picked up by any major labels but some of the songs were later included on the 2002 Culture Club Box Set, and some others appeared on eBay in 2004.
On some other labels, several dance-oriented songs were released in various countries. For example, "Love is Leaving" went Top 3 in Italy and "When Will You Learn" reached the top positions in the Swiss charts. "When Will You Learn" was also nominated for the Best Dance Recording, at the Grammy Awards. In 1999, Boy George collaborated on songs with dance-oriented acts. For example, "Why Go", a slow-paced track with Faithless, from their Sunday 8 PM LP, was later released in a remixed form in some European countries and Australia. A track was done with Groove Armada, named "Innocence Is Lost", but was only released on a promo 12" in 1999.
Solo career: 2000s[link]
Boy George remained a figure in the public eye, starring in the London musical Taboo, based on his life (George did not play himself, opting instead to take on the persona of Australian-born performance artist Leigh Bowery). Boy George was nominated for a Tony Award for the "Best Musical Score" and Taboo was a great success in London's West End, though a heavily-altered Rosie O'Donnell-produced run in New York City was short-lived (100 performances, versus the two-year run in London).
In 2002, Boy George released U Can Never B2 Straight, an "unplugged" collection of rare and lesser known acoustic works. It contained unreleased tracks from previous years as well as some ballads from Cheapness And Beauty and the Culture Club album Don't Mind if I Do. It received the best reviews of Boy George's solo career, many of them highlighting his strong song writing abilities. The record was only released in the UK and Japan, and received almost no promotion from Virgin Records, only rising to #147 on the UK album charts.
From 2002 to 2004, under the pseudonym "The Twin", Boy George experimented in electronica, releasing limited edition 7" singles and promo records. Performed in small venues such as the Nag Nag Club, the material was considered innovative, but not commercially marketable.[citation needed] This period, however, was a very creative and liberating one for George; for "The Twin", could sing whatever he wanted. The limited releases included four 500 to 520 copies 7", one limited 12" (for Sanitized) and a promo CD, 1000 copies 13-track album Yum Yum. Two years later, it was released via digital outlets like iTunes. An album recorded in the Spring of 2003 was also shelved. A collaboration with electronic combo T-Total, the album was a collection of covers of songs by Jefferson Airplane, David Bowie, John Lennon, Dusty Springfield, T. Rex, and Eurythmics among others. It is suggested that Boy George's numerous abandoned projects are due to his broad interest and need to explore other creative mediums such as photography, writing, and fashion.
During 2003, he presented a weekly show on London radio station LBC 97.3 for six months. He wrote the foreword for a feng shui book called Practical Feng Shui by Simon G. Brown (published in 1998). He also appeared as a guest on the British comedy-talk show The Kumars at No. 42. In March 2005 he was the guest host for an episode of The Friday Night Project, for Channel 4 television.
On his "More Protein" website, George did announce another unreleased album, named Straight, for mid-2005. It was to include tracks such as "Panic" and "Talking Love". Four tracks were released as a sampler with the book of the same name in 2005. A reggaeton oriented EP was also planned for August 2006 but was never released. Some recent tracks were shared by George himself in late 2006 and early 2007 on his YouTube account, his three Myspace pages and sometimes on his official site. In January 2007, Boy George released "Time Machine" on Plan A Records. "Time Machine" was co-written by double Ivor Novello Award-winning songwriter Amanda Ghost who also co-wrote "You're Beautiful" with James Blunt.[4]
On 20 October 2006, it was announced that he would be writing some tracks for Kylie Minogue (News.com.au story) with Amanda Ghost; however, the songs were not included on her 2007 album. It was not the first time that George wrote songs for other artists; in the past, he shared songwriting credits with the Beach Boys, Caron Wheeler, Charlotte Church, Mica Paris and many others. He also wrote many of the tracks for the artists on his own dance oriented music label, More Protein, such as Eve Gallagher, Zee Asha, Lippy Lou, and E-Zee Posse.
Boy George has run his own fashion line for some years, called "B-Rude". B-Rude has shown at fashion shows in London, New York and Moscow. On 24 December 2006, George appeared on a one-off BBC TV programme Duet Impossible in which he performed with himself from the 1980s and joked about his street cleaning.
Later in 2007, two electronica/dance collaborations were released in limited editions. In the spring, the track "You're Not The One" was remixed from an old demo and released with the dance combo "Loverush UK" reaching the top 20 in the UK dance chart. It was a digital-only release, available in many digital retailers like iTunes. Also on iTunes, a new collaboration with trip-hop/electro band Dark Globe, called "Atoms", was released on 19 November. The single contains eight versions, from the slow original to electro remixes by Ariya and Henrik Schwarz. Also in late 2007, an EP titled "Disco Abomination" appeared on the internet, available for download on several underground outlets. It included new remixes of tracks like "Turn 2 Dust", "Love Your Brother", and covers of "Don't Wanna See Myself" and "Go Your Own Way". Most of the versions are remixes done by German producer Kinky Roland.
On 25 February 2007, George was special guest DJ at LGBT nightspot, The Court Hotel in Perth, Western Australia. On 4 March 2007, George performed as a DJ at the Hordern Pavilion in Sydney for the Mardi Gras Festival. On 11 May 2007, George performed as a DJ at the launch party for the Palazzo Versace in Dubai, UAE. George cancelled his planned 2007 October tour via an announcement on his official website. In 2007: George toured as a DJ, visiting Florence, Stuttgart, Rotterdam, Toulouse, Auckland, Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney, Dubai, Skopje, Niagara Falls, Montreal, Toronto, Cagliari, Blackpool, Coventry, Munich, Naples, Mantova, Lyon, Follonica, Paris, Kristiansand, Noli, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Amsterdam, Beirut, Budapest, Skanderborg, Baia, London, Mykonos, Geneva, Lausanne, Stockholm, Manchester, Brussels, Bologna, Hong Kong, Letterkenny, Aix-en-Provence, Reims, Moscow and Genova.
Upon his return from prison Boy George resumed his successful DJ career embarking on a worldwide tour of clubs. George has played a special residency at the Shaw Theatre in London (in which all shows were sold out) from 23 January 2008, followed by a full UK tour.[5] In April 2008, The Biography Channel featured a documentary on the life of Boy George. The American tour which was planned for July/August 2008 had to be cancelled because he had been denied a United States visa due to a London court case scheduled for November 2008. On 2 July, 6 concert dates in South America were announced. Boy George participated in RETROFEST held in Scotland in August 2008,[6] and a 30-date UK tour took place in October/November 2008.
In 2009 he signed a new record deal subsequently releasing the album Ordinary Alien – The Kinky Roland Files in the autumn of 2010. The album consisted of previously recorded tracks mixed by longtime dance partner Kinky Roland. He took part in Night of the Proms, which is a series of concerts held yearly in Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and Spain. Regularly there are also shows in France, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg and the Scandinavian countries. The concerts consist of a combination of pop music and popular classical music (often combined) and various well-known musicians and groups usually participate.
On 11 May 2009, Boy George was released from prison at HMP Edmunds Hill in Newmarket, Suffolk, four months into a fifteen-month sentence for the assault and false imprisonment of a male escort, in his East London flat. He was tagged and placed on a curfew for the remainder of the sentence.[7]
In December 2009, Boy George had a successful run of concerts at the Leicester Square Theatre in London's West End.
Solo career: 2010s[link]
26 November 2010 saw the release of British DJ and musician Mark Ronson’s third single from his album Record Collection. "Somebody to Love Me" featured Boy George and was met with critical acclaim from critics and also meant a return to BBC Radio 1’s play list after being banned for many years.[citation needed]
Reunions[link]
In July 1998, a reunited Culture Club performed three dates in Monte Carlo and then joined the Human League and Howard Jones in a "Big Rewind" tour of the US. The following month, the band appeared on The Late Show with David Letterman and made an appearance in Britain, their first in 14 years. Later that year, the band had a Top 5 hit in the UK with "I Just Wanna Be Loved" and later a top 30 hit with "Your Kisses are Charity". In 2006, the band decided to again reunite and tour; however, George declined to join them for this tour. As a result, two members of Culture Club replaced George with vocalist Sam Butcher. George has expressed his displeasure at the turn of events.[8] Finally, after one showcase and one live show, that project was shelved.
Boy George announced in 27 January 2011 to the BBC that there will be a 30th anniversary Culture Club reunion tour sometime later in the year and that they would be releasing a new album in 2012.[9] Although the 2011 tour never took place, Culture Club did play two live concerts, in Dubai and Sydney, the latter being a new year's eve concert. In interviews given shortly before the concerts, the group confirmed that they were indeed recording new material.
Legal problems[link]
By the late 1980s, George had been struggling with his severe heroin addiction for many years.[10] He attempted to perform concerts while under its influence. Addictions to other drugs soon followed. Determined to save George's life, his younger brother David made an appearance on UK national television and discussed George's drug habit, which George had been publicly denying at that time. In 1986, Boy George was arrested for heroin possession as part of 'Operation Culture.'.[11]
In 1995, Kirk Brandon sued George for libel claiming that George mentioned a love affair between them in George's autobiography, Take It Like a Man. George won the court case and Brandon was ordered to pay £200,000 to Virgin Records, EMI Virgin Music and the book publisher in costs. Brandon declared himself bankrupt, which resulted in Boy George paying over £60,000 in legal fees.[12]
On 7 October 2005, George was arrested in Manhattan on suspicion of cocaine possession and falsely reporting a burglary. George denied that the drug was his.[13] In court on 1 February 2006, the cocaine possession charge was dropped and George pleaded guilty to falsely reporting a burglary. He was sentenced to five days of community service, fined US$1,000 and ordered to attend a drug rehabilitation program.[14]
On 17 June 2006, a Manhattan judge issued a warrant for the arrest of Boy George after he failed to appear in court for a hearing on why George wanted to change his sentence for the false burglary report. George's attorney informed the court that he had advised George not to appear at that hearing.[15]
On 14 August 2006, George reported to the New York Department of Sanitation for his court-ordered community service. As a result of the swarming media coverage, he was allowed to finish his community service inside the Sanitation Department grounds.[16]
In a February 2007 interview, the performer explained: “People have this idea of Boy George now, particularly the media: that I’m tragic, fucked up. I mean, I’m all those things, but I’m also lots of other things. Yes, I’ve had my dark periods, but that isn’t all I am.”[17]
On 5 December 2008, George was convicted in Snaresbrook Crown Court, London, of the assault and false imprisonment of Audun Carlsen.[18] On 16 January 2009, he was sentenced to 15 months' imprisonment for these offences.[19] George stated that Carlsen was viewing his private information without George's consent. Initially sent to HMP Pentonville in London, George was later transferred to HMP Edmunds Hill in Newmarket, Suffolk (a category C prison).[20]
On 11 May 2009, George was released after serving four months of his 15 month custodial sentence at HMP Edmunds Hill. He was released on home detention curfew and was required to wear an ankle monitor for 90 days.[21]
On 23 December 2009, George had his request to appear on the final series of Celebrity Big Brother (to be broadcast on Channel 4) turned down by the Probation Service. Richard Clayton QC, representing the Probation Service, said George's participation would pose "a high level of risk" to the service's reputation. Clayton argued that if he used the show to promote his status as a celebrity and earn "a lucrative sum of money" it could undermine public confidence in the criminal justice system.[22]
In January 2011, George agreed to return to the Church of Cyprus an 18th-century icon of Christ that he had bought without knowing its origin. The icon, which had adorned his home for 26 years, had been looted from the church of St Charalampus from the village of New Chorio, near Kythrea. George had originally purchased the icon from a London art dealer eleven years after the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. He returned the icon at the Saints Anargyroi Church, Highgate, north London.[23][24]
Memoirs[link]
Harper Collins published his first autobiography, Take It Like a Man, in 1995, written with Spencer Bright. The book was released to coincide with the timing of George's solo album, Cheapness and Beauty, actually released at the same time, dealing with the same themes, and also including a number of photographs as in the book. Take It Like a Man was a bestseller in the UK.
In 2005, Century published Straight, his second autobiographical book, this time written with author Paul Gorman. It stayed in The Sunday Times bestseller list for six weeks. This latter autobiography starts off there where the former had stopped, though the two works are different in style, due to their different co-authors, and all of the chapters have a title in the 2005 book, while the 1995 autobiography only featured numbered sections.
Gorman has also ghost-written Cry Salty Tears, the memoirs of George's mother Dinah O'Dowd, which was published by Arrow Books, in January 2007. The same year also saw the publication of Straight in paperback. It was originally supposed to be updated, but Boy George declined to do so since he felt the book was too bitter and negative about other people, and he regretted writing it.[citation needed]
Sexual orientation[link]
When Boy George was with Culture Club, much was made of his androgynous appearance, and there was speculation about his sexuality. When asked in interviews, George gave various answers. He gave a famous, oft-quoted response to an interviewer that he preferred "a nice cup of tea" to sex.[25]
In Take It Like a Man, George told his side of his secret relationships with punk rock singer Kirk Brandon and Culture Club drummer Jon Moss. He stated many of the songs he wrote for Culture Club were directed at Moss. However, one of Culture Club's biggest hits "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me" was about Brandon. Moss acknowledged that he had a sexual and romantic relationship with George, but Brandon denies he ever had a relationship with George.
In 2006, in an episodic documentary directed by Simon George titled The Madness of Boy George, George declared on camera he was "militantly gay".[26] In a 2008 documentary Living with Boy George, he talks about his first realisation he was gay, and when he first told his parents. He discloses that he understands why men fall in love with one another as well as with women.[27]
References in popular culture[link]
In 1984, during the height of the popularity of Culture Club, country singers Moe Bandy and Joe Stampley recorded a parody called "Where's the Dress". In the song, they see Boy George on television and decide they can be more successful if they dressed like him.[citation needed] The intro to the song is identical to "Karma Chameleon" before it goes into a traditional country feel, which in turn caused problems due to copyright infringement.[citation needed] However, the song reached #8 on the country charts.[28]
In The Simpsons episode "Lisa's First Word", one-year-old Bart Simpson watches an episode of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Johnny remarked: "No, this is true. The Coast Guard arrested Boy George for scraping the barnacles on his dinghy." Ed McMahon chuckles with his trademark "Hiyo!" laugh, and Bart laughs "Hiyo!" as well.[citation needed]
Boy George was portrayed on film by Douglas Booth in the BBC2 drama documentary Worried About the Boy. The TV film was aired in May 2010.[29]
Discography[link]
Main article: Boy George discography
See also: Culture Club discography
Notes[link]
- ^ a b "Database on Monsters and Critics". Monstersandcritics.com. http://www.monstersandcritics.com/people/archive. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
- ^ "Boy George". The Blitz Kids. http://www.theblitzkids.com/site_archive/theblitzkids/menuboy.html. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
- ^ Boy George with Spencer Bright, Take It Like A Man (Harper Collins, First U.S. Edition, 1995) pp.481–482. On page 482, he says, "I enjoy the rituals of offering obeisances to Krishna and chanting, especially when there are hundreds of devotees jumping and banging drums. At that moment it seems like the human ego is truly transcended. I do find the sexual attitudes far too rigid, though I admit the cycle of desire is fraught with anxiety and disappointment. I don't choose to cut off from it, maybe I enjoy the pain." On page 481 he says, "'Bow Down Mister' swept me up in a spiritual whirl and I became an unlikely queer envoy for Krishna Consciousness."
- ^ "Boy George 'enjoyed' street sweep". BBC News. 7 September 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5322888.stm. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
- ^ "Review: Boy George live last night (thelondonpaper)". Thelondonpaper.typepad.com. 24 January 2008. http://thelondonpaper.typepad.com/thelondonblog/2008/01/boy-george-live.html. Retrieved 1 October 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Fact File: Retrofest", Scotland on Sunday, 25 May 2008
- ^ Paul Revoir (12 May 2009). "Out, the new Boy George appeared thinner with a healthy glow after stint in prison | Mail Online". The Daily Mail. UK. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1180468/Out-new-Boy-George-appeared-thinner-healthy-glow-stint-prison.html. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
- ^ "Boy George slams new Club singer". BBC News. 12 October 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6043794.stm. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
- ^ Boy George and His Sparkly Hat Promise Culture Club Reunion – Amplifier. New.music.yahoo.com (27 January 2011). Retrieved on 27 March 2011.
- ^ Boy George with Spencer Bright, Take it Like a Man, London, Sigwick & Jackson, 1995
- ^ Dugan, Emily (14 November 2007). "Boy George 'chained male escort to a wall in his flat'". The Independent (UK). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/boy-george-chained-male-escort-to-a-wall-in-his-flat-400244.html. Retrieved 5 April 2009.
- ^ Boy George (with Paul Gorman) Straight, London: Century, 2005
- ^ "Musician Boy George has appeared in court...", BBC News, 8 October 2008
- ^ "Singer Boy George has had a charge of possessing cocaine dropped by a New York court", BBC News, 8 March 2006
- ^ "Boy George Angers NYC Judge", wcbstv from AP report, 17 June 2006
- ^ "A feisty Boy George reports for garbage duty", msnbc, 14 August 2006
- ^ "Steve Dow". Stevedow.com.au. http://www.stevedow.com.au/Default.aspx?id=280. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
- ^ Angela Balakrishna "Boy George guilty of falsely imprisoning male escort", The Guardian, 5 December 2008.
- ^ "Boy George jailed for 15 months". BBC News Online. 16 January 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7832565.stm. Retrieved 16 January 2008.
- ^ « George 'to serve just four of his 15 months', The Sun (UK), 24 January 2009.
- ^ Healthy-looking Boy George salutes freedom as he's released early from prison The Daily Mail (UK), 11 May 2009
- ^ "Boy George loses Big Brother plea". BBC News. 23 December 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8428048.stm. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
- ^ Boy George returns Christ icon to Cyprus church BBC.co.uk 19 January 2011
- ^ Representation of the Church of Cyprus to the European Union, The post-byzantine icon of Jesus Christ returns to the Church of Cyprus London, January 2011.
- ^ "Becoming an Icon – A Cup of Tea – Icons of England". Icons.org.uk. http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/cupoftea/biography/copy_of_tea-the-basics. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
- ^ The Madness of Boy George (TV 2006), IMDB.com
- ^ Living with... Boy George (TV 2008), IMDB.com
- ^ "Moe Bandy - Billboard Singles". AllMusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/moe-bandy-p1517/charts-awards/billboard-singles. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
- ^ "Two Programmes – Worried About the Boy". BBC. 16 May 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00sh5lt. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
References[link]
- De Graaf Kasper, Garret Malcolm (1983), When Cameras Go Crazy, London, UK, Virgin Books & New York, NY, USA, St. Martin's Press; ISBN 0-312-17879-4 (Culture Club's official biography)
- Boy George with Spencer Bright (1995), Take It Like a Man, London, Sidgwick & Jackson (Boy George's first official autobiography)
- Boy George with Paul Gorman (2004), Straight, London, Century (Boy George's second official autobiography – republished in 2007 with updates – first edition includes EP of the same name)
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Boy George |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Boy George |
- Official website
- Boy George on Myspace
- Boy George at the Internet Movie Database
- Boy George at the Internet Broadway Database
- Boy George Website
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | George, Boy |
| Alternative names | George Alan O'Dowd |
| Short description | English musician |
| Date of birth | 14 June 1961 |
| Place of birth | Bexley, Kent, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Boy_George
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boy_George
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
