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Sortie is a term for deployment or dispatch of one military unit, be it an aircraft, ship, or troops from a strongpoint. The sortie, whether by one or more aircraft or vessels, usually has a specific mission.

The term has been adopted from the French past participle 3rd group verb, verbs ending in -ir, with the gerund ending in -ant, "sortir", "to leave" or "to go out" with a specific purpose.

Siege warfare[link]

In siege warfare, a sortie, or sudden issuing of troops against the enemy from a defensive position, can be launched against the besiegers by the defenders. If the sortie is through a sally port, either to sortie or to sally can be used.

Military aviation[link]

In military aviation, it is used to indicate the total usages of individual machines, so that (for example) one mission involving six aircraft would tally six sorties.

The use of the term for military aircraft originated in naval usage. In French, sortie literally means "exit". It has come to mean a combat mission, starting when the aircraft takes off and ending on its return.

Naval evacuations[link]

In naval terms it can also be used to describe a full-scale evacuation of a fleet of ships, their accompanying aircraft and submarines from a posting in advance to avoid a natural disaster such as a hurricane.^[1]

Spaceflight[link]

In spaceflight, especially for NASA's Constellation Program, the term sortie has been used for a flight of the Orion spacecraft beyond the confluence of low-Earth orbit, such as a flight to the Moon or to the Sun-Earth L₂ Lagrange Point. This term was not used by NASA for the nine Apollo flights that flew by, orbited, or landed on the Moon between 1968 and 1972.

References[link]

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Henri Mulet (1936)

Henri Mulet was a French organist and composer. He was born on 17 October 1878 in Paris, France, and died on 20 September 1967 in Draguignan, France.

Most of his published compositions were for the organ. His works for organ have been called "expressive in a post-Romantic manner."^{[citation needed]}

He won first prize for cello in Delsart's class in 1893. He won second prize for organ in 1897. He studied organ with Guilmant and Widor. He served as an organist in several churches in Paris; he was a professor at the Ecole Niedermeyer and at the Schola Cantorum.

In 1937 Mulet burnt his manuscripts and left Paris for Draguignan in Provence. Most of his surviving music is largely unknown.

He served as organist at the cathedral in Draguignan until 1958, and entrusted himself to the care of the monks at the abbey there. He was married but had no children. He spent the last 30 of his 89 years in seclusion.

Original source of this article is the Henri Mulet page at the Classical Composers Database (from January 2004), which was written by Ioannis Dimitroulis.

Works[link]

Organ

• Méditation religieuse, 1896?
• Prière, 1902?
• Carillon-Sortie, 1912?
• Esquisses Byzantines (10 pieces), 1914–19
• Offertoire funèbre
• Petit offertoire
• Sortie douce
• Offertoire sur un Alléluia grégorien, pour la fête du Très-Saint-Rosaire

Harmonium

• Angelus; Offertoire; Sortie

Orchestral

• Dans la vallée du tombeau (Souvenir de Lombardie), symphonic poem, 1908
• La Toussaint, symphonic poem, 1909
• Fantaisie pastorale, 1911
• Paysage d’hiver
• Paysages crépusculaires
• Scherzo-Marche
• Petite suite sur des airs populaires français
• Souvenirs de Lombardie

Vocal

• O mon Jésus (hymn), 1900
• L’aigu bruissement, voice and piano, 1904
• Laudate dominum, four voices and organ, 1904
• Soleils couchants, voice and piano, 1904
• Ave Maria, three voices & organ, 1910
• Les deux étoiles, voice and piano, 1910
• Le dernier des Maourys, voice and piano, 1911
• Le talion, voice and orchestra, 1912

Chamber and instrumental

• Danse afghane, piano, 1904
• 2 noëls, oboe or clarinet & piano, 1904
• Danse persane, piano, 1910
• Petit lied très facile, harpsichord or piano, 1910

Sources[link]

• Michel Duchesneau. L'avant-garde musicale et ses sociétés à Paris de 1871 à 1939‎. Sprimont: Editions Mardaga, 1997

External links[link]

• Free scores by Henri Mulet at the International Music Score Library Project
• Download Carillon Sortie MP3 played by Hugh Potton at Hammerwood Park
• Detailed Biography [1] The Diapson, December 2008

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Audoin, Audoen or Ouen, and Dado to his contemporaries, (609 in Sancy close to Soissons - 686 in Clichy), was a Frankish bishop, courtier, chronicler, and Catholic saint.

Audoin lived at the court of Clotaire II and later at the court of Dagobert I, who made him his referendary. He was part of a group of young courtiers like Saint Wandrille and Saint Didier of Cahors and was a close friend of Saint Eligius, whose vita he wrote; Audoin was consecrated bishop of Rouen in 640. He founded Rebais Abbey, and sent missionaries to areas that were still pagan.

He became an advisor of Theuderic III and upheld the policy of Ebroin, the mayor of the palace, to such a degree that he was involved in the treatment of Saint Leger. Nevertheless, the author of the Liber Historiae Francorum, thoroughly hostile to the memory of Ebroin, invariably referred to Audoin as "blessed" or "sainted," and in describing his death said he "migravit ad Dominum," a phrase he otherwise reserved in the original part of his history for the death of the "glorious lord of good memory, Childebert"(III), "the just king."^[2]

His father was Saint Authaire. Dado's brothers were Ado and Rado.

A poem on Audoin's life was written in the 10th-century by Frithegod, but it is now lost.^[3]

Sources[link]

• Alban Butler's Lives of the Saints, edited, revised and supplemented by Thurston and Attwater - Christian classics, Westminster, Maryland.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Saint Ouen
• Catholic Encyclopedia

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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (January 2010)

Olli Rehn
European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro
Incumbent
Assumed office 9 February 2010
President	José Manuel Barroso
Preceded by	Joaquín Almunia (Economic and Monetary Affairs)
European Commissioner for Enlargement
In office 22 November 2004 – 9 February 2010
President	José Manuel Barroso
Preceded by	Günter Verheugen Janez Potočnik
Succeeded by	Štefan Füle (Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy)
European Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society
In office 12 July 2004 – 11 November 2004 Serving with Ján Figeľ
President	Romano Prodi
Preceded by	Erkki Liikanen
Succeeded by	Günter Verheugen (Enterprise and Industry) Viviane Reding (Information Society and Media)
Personal details
Born	(1962-03-31) 31 March 1962 (age 50) Mikkeli, Finland
Political party	Centre Party
Alma mater	Macalester College University of Helsinki St Antony's College, Oxford

Olli Ilmari Rehn ( pronunciation (help·info); born 31 March 1962 in Mikkeli, Finland) is a Finnish politician, currently serving as European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro and vice-president of the EC.^[1] He had previously served as Commissioner for Enlargement. He has held a variety of political positions in European institutions as well as in Finland.

Early career[link]

Born in Mikkeli in Eastern Finland, Rehn studied economics, international relations and journalism at Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. He gained a master's degree in political science from the University of Helsinki in 1989, and a PhD from the University of Oxford in 1996 on the subject of "Corporatism and Industrial Competitiveness in Small European States".^[2]

Rehn also played football for his hometown club Mikkelin Palloilijat in Finland's top division Mestaruussarja (now Veikkausliiga) in his youth.

He began his political career already in youth politics as a regular member of the Finnish Centre Youth and soon became the Secretary General of the Nordic Centre Youth. In 1987 he was elected as the president of the Finnish Centre Youth. That position can be seen as predicting high political responsibilities in Finnish politics.^[3]

In 1988 Rehn was elected as a city councillor in Helsinki. He was vice-president of the Centre Party from 1988 to 1994, having been president of its youth wing from 1987. Elected to the Finnish Parliament in 1991, Rehn led the Finnish delegation to the Council of Europe, and was a special adviser to the Finnish Prime Minister Esko Aho from 1992 to 1993. He left the Finnish Parliament in 1995 to become an MEP, aligned to the liberal group.

He was briefly the chairman of Veikkausliiga from 1996 to 1997. From 1998 to 2002 Rehn ran the office of Erkki Liikanen, Finland's representative on the Prodi Commission. Rehn would later succeed Liikanen in the role of Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society. In 2002 he left European politics for the University of Helsinki, where he led the Centre for European Studies. In 2003 he became an adviser to the Prime Minister on economic policy, a position he held until his appointment to the European Commission the following year.

Rehn is married with one child. He was the youngest member of the first Barroso Commission. In addition to his native Finnish he speaks English, French, Swedish, and some German.^[4]

European Commission[link]

Rehn served briefly on the Prodi Commission. He was appointed European Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society on 12 July 2004, taking over the role from the previous Finnish Commissioner Erkki Liikanen, who left his post the same day to become Governor of the Bank of Finland. The Finnish government nominated Rehn for the incoming Barroso Commission, which took office on 22 November 2004.

Rehn's appointment to the enlargement post was seen as a slight disappointment for Finland, who had hoped for their nominee to be given a portfolio relating to economic issues. Enlargement was a central issue for the EU in the run-up to the landmark accession of ten countries on 1 May 2004, but has since declined in importance, if only slightly. Rehn presided over the accession of Bulgaria and Romania in 2007, as well as continuing negotiations with Croatia and opening them with Turkey, the latter being perhaps the most significant and the most hotly debated future accession.

Rehn favours Turkish membership but has controversially suggested permanent restrictions on the free movement of workers from Turkey, "in case serious disturbances occur in the labour market within the EU as a result of Turkey’s accession,"^[5] an attitude seen by some as running counter to the whole purpose and spirit of the EU. He has stressed the importance of greater respect for human rights and civil liberties as preconditions for Turkey's entry, while acknowledging the advances it had already made in this respect.

Selection hearing[link]

Questioned by the European Parliament, Rehn offered his thoughts on the prospects for accession of each of the countries highest on the enlargement agenda.

He praised Turkey for the human rights advances it had made but said he would advocate stronger monitoring if the decision was taken to open accession talks by the European Council when it considered the question in December.

Asked about free movement of Turkish labour after the country's accession, Rehn expressed the view that there should be "considerable transitional periods as well as a permanent safeguard clause." He was cautious on the question of the inevitability of Turkish membership, stating that he did not "believe in historic determinism," but that if negotiations were begun, "underpinned by the commitment that [Turkey] will be able to join [the EU] once it fulfils all conditions, it will join as soon as it does meet the conditions."

He insisted that Bulgaria and Romania would be judged on their merits and that he would not hesitate to delay accession by a year if the EU's requirements were not met on time. He considered the establishment of a pre-accession strategy for the Western Balkans one of his prime tasks.

[edit] European sovereign debt crisis

In late June 2011, Rehn spoke out on austerity measures being considered by the Greek parliament, saying, "The only way to avoid immediate default is for parliament to endorse the revised economic program .... The program includes both the medium-term fiscal strategy and the privatization program. They must be approved if the next tranche of financial assistance [a 12 billion euro aid payment] is to be released .... To those who speculate about other options, let me say this clearly: there is no Plan B to avoid default."^[6]

In late May 2012, coincident with warnings from Mario Draghi of the ECB, Rehn said that even if Eurobonds "were ever approved, it would still not be sufficient to save the euro. The single currency’s members needed 'a genuine stability culture and a much upgraded common capacity to contain common contagion .... This is the case, at least if we want to avoid a disintegration of the eurozone and if we want it to survive,'" said Rehn.^[7]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Olli Rehn

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Olli Rehn

• Olli Rehn Official Media Gallery
• Official EC website with speech links
• Interview with Olli Rehn, 26 February 2003, part of the Conversations with History series from the Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley

v t e Barroso Commission I (2004–2009) Joaquín Almunia · Catherine Ashton6 · José Manuel Barroso1 · Jacques Barrot2 · Joe Borg · Karel De Gucht9 · Stavros Dimas · Benita Ferrero-Waldner · Ján Figeľ10 · Franco Frattini2, 5 · Mariann Fischer Boel · Dalia Grybauskaitė7 · Danuta Hübner8 · Siim Kallas2 · László Kovács · Neelie Kroes · Meglena Kuneva3 · Markos Kyprianou4 · Peter Mandelson6 · Charlie McCreevy · Louis Michel9 · Leonard Orban3 · Andris Piebalgs · Janez Potočnik · Viviane Reding · Olli Rehn · Paweł Samecki8 · Maroš Šefčovič10 · Algirdas Šemeta7 · Vladimír Špidla · Antonio Tajani2, 5 · Androulla Vassiliou4 · Günter Verheugen2 · Margot Wallström2 1 = President. 2 = Vice President. 3 = Served from 1 January 2007. 4 = Vassiliou replaced Kyprianou on 3 March 2008. 5 = Tajani replaced Frattini on 18 June 2008. 6 = Ashton replaced Mandelson on 3 October 2008. 7 = Šemeta replaced Grybauskaitė on 1 July 2009. 8 = Samecki replaced Hübner on 4 July 2009. 9 = De Gucht replaced Michel on 17 July 2009. 10 = Šefčovič replaced Figeľ on 1 October 2009.

v t e Barroso Commission II (since 2010) Joaquín Almunia2 · László Andor · Catherine Ashton2 · Michel Barnier · José Manuel Barroso1 · Dacian Cioloş · John Dalli · Maria Damanaki · Štefan Füle · Máire Geoghegan-Quinn · Kristalina Georgieva · Karel De Gucht · Johannes Hahn · Connie Hedegaard · Siim Kallas2 · Neelie Kroes2 · Janusz Lewandowski · Cecilia Malmström · Günther Oettinger · Andris Piebalgs · Janez Potočnik · Viviane Reding2 · Olli Rehn · Antonio Tajani2 · Androulla Vassiliou · Maroš Šefčovič2 · Algirdas Šemeta 1 = President. 2 = Vice President.