This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2007)

The Crisis

First Issue of The Crisis: A Record of the Darker Races, November 1910. New York: NAACP, 1910
Editor	W.E.B. Du Bois
Staff writers	Oswald Garrison Villard, J. Max Barber, Charles Edward Russell, Kelly Miller, W.S. Braithwaite, M. D. Maclean
Monthly[1]
Publisher	NAACP
First issue	November 1910 (1910-November)
Company	The Crisis Publishing Company
Country	United States
Based in	New York, NY
Language	English
Website	www.thecrisismagazine.com
ISSN	1559-1573

The Crisis is the official magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and was founded in 1910 by W. E. B. Du Bois (editor), Oswald Garrison Villard, J. Max Barber, Charles Edward Russell, Kelly Miller, W.S. Braithwaite, M. D. Maclean.^[2]

The original title of the journal was The Crisis: A Record of The Darker Races. From 1997 to 2003, it appeared as The New Crisis: The Magazine of Opportunities and Ideas, but the title has since reverted to The Crisis. The title derives from the poem "The Present Crisis" by James Russell Lowell.^[1] Published monthly, by 1920 its circulation had reached 100,000 copies. Du Bois proclaimed his intentions in his first editorial:

The object of this publication is to set forth those facts and arguments which show the danger of race prejudice, particularly as manifested today toward colored people. It takes its name from the fact that the editors believe that this is a critical time in the history of the advancement of men. …Finally, its editorial page will stand for the rights of men, irrespective of color or race, for the highest ideals of American democracy, and for reasonable but earnest and persistent attempts to gain these rights and realize these ideals.^[3]

Predominantly a current-affairs journal, The Crisis also included poems, reviews, and essays on culture and history. Du Bois' initial position as editor was in line with the NAACP's liberal programme of social reform and racial equality, but by the 1930s Du Bois was advocating a form of black separatism. This led to disputes between Du Bois and the NAACP resulting in his resignation as editor in 1934. He was replaced by Roy Wilkins.

Although The Crisis was officially an organ of the NAACP, Du Bois had a large degree of control over the periodicals expressed opinion. Du Bois wrote in Dusk of Dawn that he intended for The Crisis to represent his personal opinions:

I determine to make the opinion of the Crisis a personal opinion; because, as I argued, no organization can express definite and clear cut opinions… the Crisis would state openly the opinion of its editor, so long, of course, as that opinion was in general agreement with that of the organization.

Du Bois contends that the periodical suffered during the Great Depression as the "circulation dropped steadily until by 1933 it was scarcely more than ten thousand paid subscriptions." Du Bois left the magazine for both financial and ideological reasons.

Throughout the Du Bois years The Crisis published the work of many young African American writers associated with the Harlem Renaissance. Its greatest era as a literary journal was between 1919 and 1926, when Jessie Redmon Fauset was literary editor. Fauset encouraged such writers as Arna Bontemps, Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen and Jean Toomer.

Following the departure of Fauset and Du Bois, the influence of The Crisis declined. The magazine was unable to sustain the high literary standards it had achieved under Fauset, but it continued to have a powerful political voice.

References[link]

A 1911 copy of The Crisis depicting "Ra-Maat-Neb, one of the black kings of the Upper Nile", a copy of the relief of Nebmaatre I on Meroe pyramid 17.

Du Bois, WEB (1940), Dusk of Dawn, Library of America, ISBN [[Special:BookSources/97809400450332|97809400450332]] .

Partington, Paul, The Moon Illustrated Weekly: Black America's First Weekly Magazine, ISBN 978-0-9602538-2-1 .

External links[link]

• The Crisis, http://www.thecrisismagazine.com/ .
• History, NAACP, http://www.naacp.org/about/history/ .
• The Crisis, Footnote, January 1918, http://www.footnote.com/browsemore/179488128_Boom%20and%20Bust:%201920-1935/ .
• The Crisis, Books, Google, http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks%3A1&tbo=1&q=The+Crisis+Magazine&btnG=Search+Books#q=The+Crisis+Magazine&hl=en&tbo=1&tbs=bks:1,bkt:m&source=lnt&sa=X&ei=TrrMTILMLJG4sQPMn9CPDg&ved=0CBMQpwU&fp=fd2e97bdff999388 .
• The Crisis, 1, 10–23, The Modernist Journals Project, Nov. 1910 – Apr. 1911, May 1915 – Apr. 1922, http://www.modjourn.org/render.php?view=mjp_object&id=crisiscollection .

Iain Sinclair FRSL (born 11 June 1943 in Cardiff, Wales) is a British writer and filmmaker. Much of his work is rooted in London, most recently within the influences of psychogeography.

Life and work[link]

Sinclair was educated at Trinity College, Dublin (where he edited Icarus). He attended the Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), and the London School of Film Technique (now the London Film School).

Development as author[link]

His early work was mostly poetry, much of it published by his own small press, Albion Village Press. He was (and remains) closely connected with the British avantgarde poetry scene of the 1960s and 1970s – authors such as J.H. Prynne, Douglas Oliver, Peter Ackroyd and Brian Catling are often quoted in his work and even turn up in fictionalized form as characters; later on, taking over from John Muckle, Sinclair edited the Paladin Poetry Series and, in 1996, the Picador anthology Conductors of Chaos.

His early books Lud Heat (1975) and Suicide Bridge (1979) were a mixture of essay, fiction and poetry; they were followed by White Chappell, Scarlet Tracings (1987), a novel juxtaposing the tale of a disreputable band of bookdealers on the hunt for a priceless copy of Arthur Conan Doyle's A Study in Scarlet and the Jack the Ripper murders (here attributed to the physician William Gull).

Sinclair was for some time perhaps best known for the novel Downriver (1991), which won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize and the 1992 Encore Award. It envisages the UK under the rule of the Widow, a grotesque version of Margaret Thatcher as viewed by her harshest critics, who supposedly establishes a one party state in a fifth term. The volume of essays Lights Out for the Territory gained Sinclair a wider readership by treating the material of his novels in non-fiction form. His essay 'Sorry Meniscus' (1999) ridicules the Millennium Dome. In 1997, he collaborated with Chris Petit, sculptor Steve Dilworth, and others to make The Falconer, a 56 minute semi-fictional 'documentary' film set in London and the Outer Hebrides about the British underground filmmaker Peter Whitehead. It also features Stewart Home, Kathy Acker and Howard Marks.

London Orbital[link]

One of his most recent works and part of a series focused around London is the non-fiction London Orbital; the hard cover edition was published in 2002, along with a documentary film of the same name and subject. It describes a series of trips he took tracing the M25, London's outer-ring motorway, on foot. Sinclair followed this with Edge of the Orison, a psychogeographical reconstruction of the poet John Clare's walk from Dr Matthew Allen's private lunatic asylum, at Fairmead House, High Beach, in the centre of Epping Forest in Essex, to his home in Helpston, near Peterborough. Sinclair also writes about Claybury Asylum, another psychiatric hospital in Essex, in Rodinsky's Room, a collaboration with the artist Rachel Lichtenstein.

Psychogeography[link]

Much of Sinclair's recent work consists of an ambitious and elaborate literary recuperation of the so-called occultist psychogeography of London. Other psychogeographers who have worked on similar material include Will Self, Stewart Home and the London Psychogeographical Association. In 2008 he wrote the introduction to Wide Boys Never Work, the London Books reissue of Robert Westerby's classic London low-life novel. Hackney, That Rose-Red Empire: A Confidential Report followed in 2009.

In an interview with This Week in Science, William Gibson said that Sinclair was his favourite author.^[1] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2009.^[2] Sinclair commented: "I have always admired the RSPCA. They do a lot of good work."

Iain Sinclair lives in Haggerston, in the London Borough of Hackney, and has a flat in St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex.

Bibliography[link]

• Back Garden Poems, poetry, 1970
• The Kodak Mantra Diaries: Allen Ginsberg in London, documentary, 1971
• Muscat's Wurm, poetry, 1972
• The Birth Rug, poetry, 1973
• Lud Heat, poetry, 1975
• Suicide Bridge, poetry, 1979
• Flesh Eggs and Scalp Metal: Selected Poems 1970-1987, poetry, 1987
• White Chappell, Scarlet Tracings, fiction, 1987 (originally a limited edition from Goldmark but reprinted by Paladin)
• Downriver, novel, 1991
• Jack Elam's Other Eye, poetry
• Radon Daughters, novel, 1994
• Conductors of Chaos: a Poetry Anthology, editor 1996
• The Ebbing of the Kraft, poetry, 1997
• Lights out for the territory: 9 Excursions in the secret history of London. Granta Books. 1997. ISBN 1-86207-009-1. , non-fiction
• Slow Chocolate Autopsy, fiction, 1997
• Crash, essay, 1999
• Liquid City, non-fiction, 1999 (with Marc Atkins)
• Rodinsky's Room, non-fiction, 1999 (with Rachel Lichtenstein)
• Sorry Meniscus, essay, 1999
• Landor's Tower, novel, 2001
• London Orbital, non-fiction, 2002 (paperback edition 2003)
• White Goods, poems, essays, fictions, 2002
• Saddling The Rabbit, poetry, 2002 Etruscan Books
• The Verbals, in conversation with Kevin Jackson, 2003 Worple Press
• Dining on Stones, novel, 2004
• Edge of the Orison: In the Traces of John Clare's 'Journey Out Of Essex', non-fiction, 2005
• The Firewall (selected poems 1979 - 2006), poetry, Etruscan Books, paperback, 2006
• Buried At Sea, Worple Press, paperback, 2006
• London: City of Disappearances, editor, various essays about London psychogeography etc., 2006^[3]
• Hackney, That Rose-Red Empire: A Confidential Report, non-fiction, 2009
• “Sickening”, in Restless Cities, Edited by M. Beaumont and G. Dart, London: Verso, 2010. 257-276.
• Ghost Milk, non-fiction (memoir), 2011

Cameos[link]

Iain Sinclair's friend Alan Moore has included the character of Andrew Norton, the Prisoner of London, from Slow Chocolate Autopsy in The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Volume III: Century. Norton's appearance in the comic is identical to that of Sinclair.^[4]

Notes[link]

External links[link]

• Iain SInclair's Official Unofficial WebSite (sanctioned by the author)
• Iain Sinclair at the Internet Movie Database
• A Small Catalogue of the Uncurated - article by Iain Sinclair, Untitled Books
• Literary Encyclopedia page on Iain Sinclair
• Iain Sinclair at the Complete Review
• Reader Flattery A critical analysis by John Barker in MetaMute
• Iain Sinclair:Revolutionary Novelist or Revolting Nihilist?
• Londonostalgia Critique of Sinclair
• London Books
• Transit - a collaboration with Emily Richardson in Triple Canopy (online magazine)

Interviews[link]

• When In Doubt, Quote Ballard Extensive interview with Iain Sinclair about psychogeography, writing and J.G. Ballard
• Londonist interview
• 3:AM interview
• Robert Bond, Iain Sinclair, Salt Publishing, ISBN 978-1-84471-100-0
• Swandown

Jonathan Jarvis
Director of the National Park Service
Incumbent
Assumed office September 24, 2009
President	Barack Obama
Preceded by	Dan Wenk (Acting)
Personal details
Born	(1953-06-26) June 26, 1953 (age 59)
Alma mater	College of William and Mary

Jonathan B. Jarvis (born June 26, 1953)^[1] is the 18th Director of the United States National Park Service, confirmed by the United States Senate on September 25, 2009. He was serving as regional director for the Pacific West Region when, on July 10, 2009, President Barack Obama nominated Jarvis for the directorship following the resignation of Mary A. Bomar on January 20, 2009, the day of President Obama's inauguration. A career civil servant, Jarvis has been with the service for over 30 years.^[2][3][4]

Prior to his work as regional director, Jarvis served for three years as the superintendent of Mount Rainier National Park in Ashford, Washington. He was superintendent of Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve in Idaho and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park Service & Preserve in Alaska during the 1990s.^[5]

Jarvis graduated from The College of William & Mary, where he became a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity, in 1975 with a degree in biology.^[5]

References[link]

This biographical article related to politics in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e