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- published: 03 Apr 2011
- views: 419361
- author: Vadim M.
Tell it to your sister and tell it to your brother
Just how much you miss them, why you don't even brother?
Could this be the same love, we share with one another
Always been a cut above, you know that it's gonna be alright
Tell me what's in your mind
I know that you're trying to help me
But I just can't find a way to get out of this love
Can't you see that it feels so unreal
Tell it to your sister and tell it to your brother
Just how much you miss them, why you don't even brother
Could this be the same love, we share with one another
Always been a cut above, you know that it's gonna be alright
Help me 'cause I'm going down and now that I've got a good reason
I'm taking the easy way out, I'll never get out of this love
Can't you see, it's got to be so unreal
Love, can't you see that it feels so unreal
Tell it to your sister and tell it to your brother
Just how much you miss them, why you don't even brother
Could this be the same love, we share with one another
IT IS AN INSTRUMENTAL
IT IS AN INSTRUMENTAL
Gonna find a way to get out
Turning my whole world upside down
When you realize, you'll find the time
And everything will just work out fine
Every day I sit down and wait
Should've know I'd left it too late
But I've seen you cry, I realize
That everything will just work out fine
So, let love always shine on
Turn the light on till everyone goes blind
And we'll just stay together
Make it better all the time
Did you say that love has it's price?
Paying with the time of our lives
It's not a crime, so realize
That everything will work out alright
Strip away your hopes and your fears
Drowning in the tracks of my tears
Stop the lies and dry your eyes
And everything will work out alright
So, let love always shine on
Turn the light on till everyone goes blind
And we'll just stay together
Make it better all the time
Let love always shine on
Turn the light on till everyone goes blind
And we'll just stay together
Make it better all the time
Just for a day, I'll slip away
'Cause there's nothin' left
And it's all such a mess
And I can't recall any good times at all
So, let love always shine on
Turn the light on till everyone goes blind
And we'll just stay together
Make it better all the time
Let love always shine on
Turn the light on till everyone goes blind
And we'll just stay together
When I feel so insecure
And it all seems so unsure
And my mind is miles away
When I'm down and can't get up
And I've just run out of luck
And there's nothing else to say
And all the while
You keep me holding on
Though I feel like my life is nearly gone
And when life seems so absurd
And everyone has heard
'Bout something you should die for
So scary though it seems
That you live your life in dreams
And there's nothing left to cry for
Though I look at you
And know that you're the one
All I want to say
You make my life seem so unreal
And when we touch there is a tenderness I feel
I never think about the way things used to be
Or how this love could bring an end to you and me
I've missed my chance or so it seems
I stare into the face that occupies my dreams
I've traveled round the world and never seen a thing
And I never thought that love could fall
Like rain into the sea
And I never thought an end like this
Was meant for you and me
We'll be together, we'll live forever
To see if your love burns like the sun
I'll keep on searching, it's now or never
To see if your love burns like the sun
And I never thought I'd turn around
And change the way I feel
And I never thought that love could bring
An end to all that's real
We'll be together, we'll last forever
To see if your love burns like the sun
I'll keep on searching, it's now or never
Each day I live
I have so much to say
But words don't flow as good as they should
Each day I live
Is such a game to play
I'll take my time and give it a chance today
I don't know why
I seem to fall to these things
But love can't live then just disappear
I'll try to speak
There is so much to say
Underneath the stars. When I saw your
face. Like the sun it disappears each day.
Nothing in the world could ever. Help me
through each night. On my own I'll dream
my life away.
And you do something beautiful. Touches
me inside. Takes me up to paradise. And
there's no place. I can hide. You did
something beautiful and I love you till I die.
Brighter than the sun. Higher than the
clouds. My imagination's running wild
Could this be an exploration. Or my
change of view. Does a love grow stronger everyday
Then you do something beautiful. Touches
me inside. Takes me up to paradise. And
there's no place I can hide. You did
Thank you kindly for thinking of me. Joy or
sorrow what will it be. Now that it's over where
will it end. Nothing else matters I'll try it again.
So you can go if you want to. I wont stop you
this time. But if you stay then i'll love you. Be forever
by your side.
I'm in no hurry the pleasure's all mine
You said you're sorry too many times
Don't mess with my world don't tear it apart
I saw it coming right from the start
So you can go if you want to. I won't stop you
this time. But if you stay then I'll love you
Be forever by your side
So you can go if you want to. Let your
conscience be your guide. But if you stay then
I'll love you. I've got nothing left to hide.
So please don't go. All the loving you gave me has
torn me apart. You gotta stop trying to change
me it's going too far
So you can go if you want to. I won't stop you
this time. But if you stay then I'll love you
Be forever by your side
So you can go if you want to. Let your
conscience be your guide. But if you stay then
Don't play with me
Don't stay with me
Don't play with me unless it's for real
(Don't stay with me unless it's for real)
Don't stay with me unless it's for real
(Don't play with me unless it's for real)
All I had was one sure thing
In my life I lost it all
But I just couldn't see
A reason to believe
If only I could try and start again
In my mind I live in California
In my mind I spent some time with you
I watch the sun light up the ocean
I sit and pray that all my dreams come true
So don't play with me unless it's for real
So don't stay with me unless it's for real
Here I stand and here I fall
A clear blue sky looks down on me
And this once tender man
Has done the best he can
But just can't find a way to start again
In my mind I live in California
In my mind I spent some time with you
I watch the sun light up the ocean
And sit and pray that all my dreams come true
So don't play with me unless it's for real
So don't stay with me unless it's for real
I'll take a chance give it one more try
A second glance make me realize
That all I need is a master plan
And find a world that can understand
Don't play with me unless it's for real
Don't stay with me unless it's for real
So don't play with me unless it's for real
(So don't stay with me unless it's for real)
So don't stay with me unless it's for real
(So don't play with me unless it's for real)
So don't play with me
Looking for a new direction. Sleeping with the
enemy. Searching for the right connection.
Hoping it can set you free. Rainbows and
waterfalls. Flow through my mind. look into my
eyes you make me feel alive.
Every woman and man. Give it up. It's the music
that we all love. Celebrate. Just like before
Do it on the dance floor. Every woman and man.
Give it up. It's the music that we all love.
Celebrate. Just like you should. Don't it make
You feel good.
Waiting for an explanation. Don't never make
a fool of me. Seek out the imperfections.
Why live a life of misery. Rainbows and
waterfalls. Flow through my mind. I can see it
in your eyes. Please don't be unkind.
Every woman and man. Give it up. It's the music
that we all love. Celebrate. Just like before
Do it on the dance floor. Every woman and man.
Give it up. It's the music that we all love.
Put a smile back on my face
Should we talk about the time.
When I last heard from you.
You left me waiting all alone so blue.
Take me to our Promised Land.
Where I'll find someone new.
But I can't even stand myself without you.
But there is nothing I can do.
I'm a fool for hurting you.
And the only thing I care about.
Never will come true.
Cos I've got a feeling
I can believe in.
I'll never change.
So turn around and walk away.
Yeah I've got a feeling.
I can believe in.
I'll never change.
So turn around and walk away.
Can I justify myself.
Having you around.
Keeping both my feet on solid ground.
I've been waiting for so long.
Can anybody tell.
You always thought you new me very well.
But there is nothing I can do.
I'm a fool for hurting you.
And the only thing I care about.
Never will come true.
Cos I've got a feeling
I can believe in.
I'll never change.
So turn around and walk away.
Yeah I've got a feeling.
I can believe in.
I'll never change.
So turn around and walk away.
In the beginning when I saw your face, it just had to be.
You realize it's a truth you can take, after all you see.
Let's stay together, do what you want to do,
Comin' around again,
Comin' around again,
And when I feel like I'm on the point of getting through,
there's no escaping that you do the things I don't want
you to.
Let's stay together, I can't believe it's true,
Comin' around again,
Comin' around again,
Oh I love it, guess I love it, oh I love it so,
Oh I love it, guess I love it, oh I love it so,
Oh I love it, guess I love it, oh I love it so,
Oh I love it, guess I love it, oh I love it so,
Oh I love it, guess I love it, oh I love it so,
Oh I love it, guess I love it, oh I love it so,
Let's stay together, do what you want to do,
Comin' around again,
Lose myself in broken dreams.
Twisting round and round inside my mind.
They take me to a better place.
Where I can watch the world go slowly by.
And I wonder why the tears in my eyes.
Come tumbling down, down, down.
They fall to the earth for what its worth.
Without a sound, sound, sound.
Falls without a sound.
Walking down a busy street.
I'm staring at the people passing by.
I don't care what they think of me.
Cos they don't ever look me in the eyes.
And I wonder why the tears in my eyes.
Come tumbling down, down, down.
They fall to the earth for what its worth.
Without a sound, sound, sound.
Falls without a sound.
Suddenly you're not alone.
You're coming home, coming home.
Suddenly you're not alone.
You're coming home, coming home.
Suddenly you're not alone.
You're coming home, coming home.
Suddenly you're not alone.
You're coming home, coming home.
There is one thing. That I would die for.
It's when you say. My life is in your hands.
When you're near me. Your love is all I need.
Now I can't imagine.
What do you want from me?
It's not how it used to be.
You've taken my life away
Ruining everything.
Sha la la la la la la x4
What do you want from me?
It's not how it used to be.
You've taken my life away
Ruining everything.
Give me something. I can rely on.
Far away from. The life that I once know.
But what does it matter. that's all I have to say.
And I can't imagine.
What do you want from me?
It's not how it used to be.
You've taken my life away
Ruining everything.
I'm high on a hill
I watch as the day begins
It seems such a thrill
I'll never come down
I sit here and wait
Just dreaming my life away
And though I try and hide the pain
Somethings are never gonna change
So let the violence begin
If we can fight then we can win
We'll share the love
That's in our hearts and in our souls
So let the violence begin
If we can fight then we can win
We'll share the love
That's in our hearts and in our souls
I'll take my time
Think about everything
And the fool on the hill
Can't take anymore
And now that I know
I swear I'll never let you go
But the sunshine brings the rain
And then it's time to start again
So let the violence begin
If we can fight then we can win
We'll share the love
That's in our hearts and in our souls
And now I'm all alone with you
Oh yes, that's why I'm so alone and blue
I feel like dying, I feel like dying
No matter what I do or say
I'm gonna do it to you anyway
I feel like dying, I feel like dying
So let the violence begin
If we can fight then we can win
We'll share the love
That's in our hearts and in our souls
So let the violence begin
If we can fight then we can win
We'll share the love
Everyday, I keep on lying to you
I just don't know what to do, but I do
So leave me alone, I just wanna stay here at home
So far away from whatever some might say or some might do
Just as I thought, I've found someone that needs me
Someone that needs me so much
And just as before, it's that someone who needs me
Someone I needed so much
But it's you, spinning me out of control
Hurting me deep in my soul, so I'm told
I just wanna stop, 'cos nothing's as bad as it seems
And I can't be bothered so stay awhile and tell me what it all means
Just as I thought, I've found someone that needs me
Someone that needs me so much
And just as before, it's that someone who needs me
Someone I needed so much
Now, I'll tell you the truth 'bout what I should do
Why I can't stand you no more
There's a time and a place, my life's such a waste
And everything had to go wrong, it's just what I needed
Just as I thought, I've found someone that needs me
Someone that needs me so much
And just as before, it's that someone who needs me
I saw it in her face. When she felt a trace on
a coffee cup. I never realized but I know I should.
Heard it in a song and I read it in a book.
Gonna take a chance or a second look. It doesn't
really matter but its plain to see. Then it all
came back to me
I can see it in your eyes. Keeping me alive.
Looks as if I'm here to stay. You're waiting for
the day. When I go away. Looks as if I'm here
to stay. I can see it in your eyes. Keeping me
alive. Looks as if I'm here to stay. You're
waiting for the day. When I go away. Looks
as if I'm here to stay
Staring into space. Running out of time
running out of luck. I wanna tell the world that
I'm giving up. Standing on my own steady as
a rock. Gonna take my time till I reach the top.
I never realized but its plain to see. Then it
all came back to me.
I can see it in your eyes. Keeping me alive.
Looks as if I'm here to stay. You're waiting for
the day. When I go away. Looks as if I'm here
to stay. I can see it in your eyes. Keeping me
alive. Looks as if I'm here to stay. You're waiting
for the day. When I go away. I can't believe a
word you're saying.
I could love you any old time. I'll take a
chance on making you mine. Do you know what
you're putting me through? What can I do cos
it all comes back to you.
I can see it your eyes. keeping me alive.
Looks as if I'm here to stay. You're waiting for
the day. When I go away. Looks as if I'm here
to stay. I can see it in your eyes. Keeping me
alive. Looks as if I'm here to stay. You're waiting
Why can't you see
That this is how our love was meant to be?
I'll never understand why you are putting me down
Ruining everything
And when I'm looking into your eyes
I see someone I've grown to despise
There isn't any point in me hanging around
Living the life I live
I told you once but you misunderstood
I never gave up though I did all I could
I can't believe what you're putting me through
I did all I had to do
Just when it's out of reach
Everybody needs to love
But that's how it's got to be
What everybody wants is love
Don't turn your back on me
Everybody's needs to love
That's how it's got to be
It's too late now and you've got to be free
Hard to believe
The way you always try and deceive
There isn't any point in me hanging around
I'm sick of the way I feel
Am I the only one who regrets
The things you always try to forget
Why is it always life ends up dragging you down
Coloring everything
I told you once but you misunderstood
I never gave up though I did all I could
I can't believe what you're putting me through
I did all I had to do
Just when it's out of reach
Everybody needs to love
But that's how it's got to be
What everybody wants is love
Don't turn your back on me
Everybody needs to love
That's how it's got to be
It's too late now and you've got to be free
Just when it's out of reach
Everybody needs to love
But that's how it's got to be
What everybody wants is love
Don't turn your back on me
Everybody needs to love
That's how it's got to be
It's too late now and you've got to be free
Just when it's out of reach
Everybody needs to love
But that's how it's got to be
What everybody wants is love
Don't turn your back on me
Everybody needs to love
That's how it's got to be
I'm not proud of what I've done
Broke the rules up just for fun
It's gotta be easier than what it was before
I could walk a million miles with nobody by my side
It's gotta be easier than it ever was before
So I'm walking out the door forever
So just wait till I'm far and out of sight
You have your life I'll have mine
It's gotta be easier than what it was before
I've got nowhere left to hide
Feel this emptiness inside
It's gotta be easier than it ever was before
So I'm walking out the door forever
Couldn't ever bring myself to deceive
But it's all the same to me
It was never meant to be
And I guess it'll be the same for everyone
So just wait till I'm far and out of sight
You have your life I'll have mine
It's gotta be easier than what it was before
I've got nowhere left to hide
Feel this emptiness inside
It's gotta be easier than it ever was before
I was longing for the past. When you'd think
that love would last forever. I began to lose
control. With a yearning in my soul. Now I have
to face the truth. Why we shouldn't ever be
together. But I lost myself in you. What's a man
supposed to do.
I wish everyday could be like this
The end of the world for everyone
So don't live a life of emptiness
It's too late to stop now it's begun
(And every night I think of you. You're everything
to me. And everyday I think about the way it
used to be)
Now I've found a piece of mind. Made a wish
that got my life together. But it left me feeling
cold. Made of silver not of gold. Here I am without
a clue. Why a love could never last forever
Cross the ocean and the sea. A better plate for
you and me
I wish everyday could be like this
The end of the world for everyone
So don't live a life of emptiness
It's too late to stop now it's begun
(And every night I think of you. You're everything
to me. And everyday I think about the way it
used to be)
I was longing for the past. When you'd think
that love would last forever. I began to lose
She used to fall down, down a lot
I don't care cos she's all I've got
It tears me up inside. What can I do
So don't let me down. I did everything
that a man could do. I can't stop
myself from loving you. Forever.
But I'm so tired. I'm so wired
I can't let you go. I'm feeling uneasy
just please me. I can't let you go
So take me by the hand. make me
understand. maybe you're the only one
who ever loved me. Maybe I have
done. All I can.
You could say it's a waste of time
I don't care when your eyes meet mine
Nothing in the world. Could keep me
from you. So don't let me down. I did
everything that a man could do. I
can't stop myself from loving you.
Forever
But I'm so tired. I'm so wired
I can't let you go. I'm feeling uneasy
just please me. I can't let you go
So take me by the hand. make me
understand. maybe you're the only one
who ever loved me. Maybe I have
done. All I can. So take me by the hand.
Make me understand. Maybe you're the only
one who ever loved me. But you were very
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Motto: "Deo Juvante" (Latin) "With God's Help" |
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Anthem: Hymne Monégasque
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Capital | Monaco[a] 43°43′N 7°25′E / 43.717°N 7.417°E / 43.717; 7.417 |
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Official language(s) | French[1] | ||||
Common languages |
list
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Ethnic groups |
list
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Demonym |
list[c]
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Government | Unitary principality and Constitutional monarchy | ||||
- | Prince | Albert II | |||
- | Minister of State | Michel Roger | |||
- | President of the National Council | Jean-François Robillon | |||
Legislature | National Council | ||||
Independence | |||||
- | House of Grimaldi | 1297 | |||
- | Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861 | 1861 | |||
- | Constitution | 1911 | |||
- | Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 2002 | 2002 | |||
Area | |||||
- | Total | 1.98 km2 (235th) 0.76 sq mi |
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- | Water (%) | 0.0[2] | |||
Population | |||||
- | 2011 estimate | 35,986[3] (218th) | |||
- | 2008 census | 35,352[2] | |||
- | Density | 15,142/km2 (1st) 39,217/sq mi |
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GDP (PPP) | 2011[b] estimate | ||||
- | Total | $6.888 billion[4][5] (n/a) | |||
- | Per capita | $186,175[4][5] (n/a) | |||
GDP (nominal) | 2011[b] estimate | ||||
- | Total | $6.581 billion[4][5] (136th) | |||
- | Per capita | $172,676[4][5] (1st) | |||
HDI (2010) | 0.946 (1st) (very high) | ||||
Currency | Euro (€) (EUR ) |
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Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||||
- | Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | |||
Drives on the | Right[6] | ||||
Internet TLD | .mc | ||||
Calling code | +377 | ||||
^ a. Monaco is a city-state.
^ b. GDP per capita calculations include non-resident workers from France and Italy. ^ c.Citizens of Monaco are called Monacans, while Monegasque is the proper term for describing someone who was born in Monaco. |
Monaco i/ˈmɒnəkoʊ/, officially the Principality of Monaco (French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque: Principatu de Múnegu; Italian: Principato di Monaco; Occitan: Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign city state, located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. Bordered by France on three sides, with one side bordering the Mediterranean Sea, its center is about 16 km (9.9 mi) from Italy, and is only 15 km (9.3 mi) north east of Nice, France.[7] It has an area of 1.98 km2 (0.76 sq mi), and a population of 35,986, making Monaco the second smallest and the most densely populated country in the world.[8] Monaco has a land border of only 4.4 km (2.7 mi), a coastline of 4.1 km (2.5 mi), and a width that varies between 1.7 km (1.1 mi) and 349 metres (382 yards).[9][10] The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel, in the Les Révoires district, which is 161 metres (528 feet) above sea level.[11] Monaco's most populated Quartier is Monte Carlo, and the most populated Ward is Larvotto/Bas Moulins.[12] After a recent expansion of Port Hercules,[13] Monaco's total area is 2.05 km2 (0.79 sq mi),[12] with new plans to extend the district of Fontvieille, with land reclaimed from the Mediterranean Sea.[14][15][16][17]
Monaco is a principality governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, with Prince Albert II as head of state.[18] However, even though Prince Albert II is a constitutional monarch, he still has immense political power.[19] The House of Grimaldi have ruled Monaco, with brief interruptions, since 1297.[20] The official language is French, but Monégasque, Italian, and English are widely spoken and understood.[note 1] The state's sovereignty was officially recognized by the Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861, with Monaco becoming a full UN voting member in 1993, after much political debate.[8] Despite Monaco's independence and separate foreign policy, its defence is the responsibility of France.[21] However, Monaco does maintain two small military units, totaling 255 officers and men, the Corps des Sapeurs-Pompiers de Monaco, and the Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince.[22][23]
Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad line to France, and the opening of the first casino, Monte Carlo Casino.[24] Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world-famous as a tourist and recreation center for the rich and famous.[10][25] However, in more recent years Monaco has become a major banking center holding over €100 billion worth of funds,[26] and has successfully sought to diversify its economy into the services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries.[27] The state has no income tax and low business taxes, and is well known for being a tax haven.[28] Monaco boasts the world's highest GDP nominal per capita at $172,676 and GDP PPP per capita at $186,175.[29][30] Monaco also has the world's highest life expectancy at almost 90 years,[31] and the lowest unemployment rate at 0%,[32] with over 48,000 workers who commute from France and Italy each day.[12][33] For the third year in a row, Monaco in 2011 had the world's most expensive real estate market, at $56,300 per square metre.[34][35] According to the CIA World Factbook, Monaco has the world's lowest poverty rate,[27] and the highest number of millionaires and billionaires per capita in the world.[36][37]
Contents |
Monaco's name comes from the 6th century BC nearby Phocaean Greek colony. Referred to the Ligurians as Monoikos, from the Greek "μόνοικος", "single house", from "μόνος" (monos) "alone, single"[38] + "οἶκος" (oikos) "house",[39] which bears the sense of a people either settled in a "single habitation" or of "living apart" from others. According to an ancient myth, Hercules passed through the Monaco area and turned away the previous gods.[40] As a result, a temple was constructed there, the temple of Hercules Monoikos. Because the only temple of this area was the "House" of Hercules, the city was called Monoikos.[41][42]
Following a land grant from Emperor Henry VI in 1191, Monaco was refounded in 1215 as a colony of Genoa.[43][44] Monaco was first ruled by a member of the House of Grimaldi in 1297, when Francesco Grimaldi, known as "Il Malizia" (translated from Italian either as "The Malicious One" or "The Cunning One"), and his men captured the fortress protecting the Rock of Monaco while dressed as a Franciscan monk – a Monaco in Italian, although this is a coincidence as the area was already known by this name.[45] Francesco, however, was evicted only a few years afterwards by the Genovese forces, and the struggle over "the Rock" continued for another century.[46][47]
In 1419, the Grimaldis purchased Monaco from the crown of Aragon and became the official and undisputed rulers of "the Rock of Monaco", and in 1612 Honore II began to style himself "Prince" of Monaco.[48] In the 1630s, Honore II sought French protection against the Spanish forces and was eventually, in 1642, received at the court of Louis XIII as "Duc et Pair Etranger".[49] The princes of Monaco thus became vassals of the French kings while at the same time remaining sovereign princes.[50] As successive princes and their families spent most of their lives in Paris, and through marriages with French nobilities, the House of Grimaldi, though Italian in origin, became thoroughly French in character.[51] The principality continued its existence as a protectorate of France until the French Revolution.[52]
In 1793, Revolutionary forces captured Monaco and it remained under direct French control until 1814, when the Grimaldis returned to the throne.[49] The principality was reestablished that year, only to be designated a protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia by the Congress of Vienna in 1815.[53] Monaco remained in this position until 1860 when, by the Treaty of Turin, the Sardinian forces pulled out of the principality and the surrounding county of Nice (as well as Savoy) was ceded to France.[54] Monaco became a French protectorate once again. Prior to this time there was unrest in Menton and Roquebrune where the townspeople had become weary of heavy taxation by the Grimaldis. They declared their independence, hoping for annexation by Sardinia, France protested. The unrest continued until Charles III gave up his claim to the two mainland towns, (some 95% of the principality at the time) which had been ruled by the Grimaldis for over 500 years.[55] These were ceded to France in return for 4,100,000 francs.[56] The transfer and Monaco's sovereignty was recognized by the Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861. In 1869, the principality stopped collecting income tax from its residents—an indulgence the Grimaldis could afford to entertain thanks solely to the extraordinary success of the casino.[57] This made Monaco not only a playground for the rich, but a favored place for them to live.[58]
Until the Monegasque Revolution of 1910 forced the adoption of the 1911 constitution, the princes of Monaco were absolute rulers.[59] The new constitution, however, barely reduced the autocratic rule of the Grimaldis and in any case Albert I soon suspended it. In July 1918, the Franco-Monegasque Treaty was signed, providing for limited French protection over Monaco. The treaty, endorsed in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles, established that Monegasque international policy would be aligned with French political, military, and economic interests, and resolved the Monaco Succession Crisis.[60]
In 1943, the Italian army invaded and occupied Monaco, setting up a Fascist administration.[51] Shortly thereafter, following the collapse of Mussolini, the German Wehrmacht occupied Monaco and the Nazi deportation of the Jewish population began. René Blum (Paris, 13 March 1878 – Auschwitz, 30 April 1943), the prominent French Jew who founded the Ballet de l'Opera in Monte Carlo, was arrested in his Paris home and held in the Drancy deportation camp outside Paris, hence he was then transported to the Auschwitz concentration camp, where he was killed.[61] Blum's colleague Raoul Gunsbourg, the director of the Opéra de Monte-Carlo, helped by the French Resistance, escaped arrest and fled to Switzerland.[62]
Rainier III, who ruled until 2005, succeeded to the throne following the death of his grandfather, Prince Louis II, in 1949. On 19 April 1956, Prince Rainier married the American actress Grace Kelly; the event was widely televised and covered in the popular press, focusing the world's attention on the tiny principality.[63]
A 1962 amendment to the constitution abolished capital punishment, provided for women's suffrage, and established a Supreme Court of Monaco to guarantee fundamental liberties. In 1993, the Principality of Monaco became a member of the United Nations, with full voting rights.[54] In 2002, a new treaty between France and Monaco specified that, should there be no heirs to carry on the Grimaldi dynasty, the principality would still remain an independent nation rather than revert to France. Monaco's military defense, however, is still the responsibility of France.[64]
On 31 March 2005, Prince Rainier III, too ill to exercise his duties, relinquished them to his only son and heir, Prince Albert II.[65] Prince Rainier died on 6 April 2005, after a reign of 56 years, his son Prince Albert II succeeded him, and was thereafter titled Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco.[66]
Following a period of official mourning, Prince Albert II formally assumed the princely crown on 12 July 2005,[67] in a celebration that began with a solemn Mass at Saint Nicholas Cathedral, where his father had been buried three months earlier. His accession to the Monegasque throne was a two-step event, with a further ceremony, drawing heads of state for an elaborate levée, held on 19 November 2005 at the historic Prince's Palace in Monaco-Ville.[68]
Monaco is a sovereign city state, with 5 Quartiers, 10 Wards,[69] located on the French Riviera in Western Europe.[70] Bordered by France on three sides, with one side bordering the Mediterranean Sea; its center is about 16 km (9.9 mi) from Italy, and is only 15 km (9.3 mi) south east of Nice, France.[8] Its area is 1.98 km2 (0.76 sq mi) or 198 ha (490 acres), with a population of 35,986, making Monaco the second smallest and the most densely populated country in the world.[71] Having a land border of only 4.4 km (2.7 mi), a coastline of 4.1 km (2.5 mi), a maritime claim that extends 22.2 kilometres (13.8 mi), and a width that varies between 1.7 km (1.1 mi) and 349 meters (382 yards), Monaco is unique.[9][10]
The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel, in the Les Révoires district, it is 161 meters (528 feet) above sea level.[11] While the lowest point in the country is the Mediterranean Sea, at 0 m (0 ft) below sea leval.[72][73] Saint-Jean is the longest flowing body of water, around 0.19 km (0.12 miles) in length, and Fontvieille is the largest lake, approximately 0.5 ha (1.24 acres) in size.[74] Monaco's most populated Quartier is Monte Carlo, and the most populated Ward is Larvotto/Bas Moulins.[12] After a recent expansion of Port Hercules,[13] Monaco's total area is 2.05 km2 (0.79 sq mi) or 205 ha (506 acres),[12] with new plans to extend the district of Fontvieille, with land reclaimed from the Mediterranean Sea.[14][15] There are two ports in Monaco, Hercules and Fontvieille, as well the neighboring French port of Cap d'Ail.[75] Monaco's only natural resource is fishing,[76] with almost the entirely country being an urban area, Monaco lacks any sort of commercial agriculture industry.[77]
Monaco has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa), which is influenced by the oceanic climate and the humid subtropical climate. As a result, it has warm, dry summers and mild, rainy winters.[78] Cool and rainy interludes can interrupt the dry summer season, the average length of which is also shorter. Summer afternoons are infrequently hot (indeed, temperatures > 30 °C / 86 °F are rare) as the atmosphere is temperate because of constant sea breezes. On the other hand, the nights are very mild, this being due to the fairly high temperature of the sea in summer. Generally, temperatures do not drop below 20 °C (68 °F) in this season. In the winter, frosts and snowfalls are extremely rare and generally occur once or twice every ten years.
Climate data for Monaco | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 12.3 (54.1) |
12.5 (54.5) |
14.0 (57.2) |
16.1 (61.0) |
19.4 (66.9) |
23.0 (73.4) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.9 (78.6) |
23.8 (74.8) |
19.9 (67.8) |
16.1 (61.0) |
13.4 (56.1) |
18.5 (65.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) |
10.4 (50.7) |
11.8 (53.2) |
13.9 (57.0) |
17.1 (62.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
21.6 (70.9) |
17.8 (64.0) |
14.0 (57.2) |
11.4 (52.5) |
16.4 (61.5) |
Average low °C (°F) | 8.1 (46.6) |
8.2 (46.8) |
9.6 (49.3) |
11.6 (52.9) |
14.8 (58.6) |
18.5 (65.3) |
21.2 (70.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
19.3 (66.7) |
15.6 (60.1) |
11.9 (53.4) |
9.3 (48.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
Precipitation mm (inches) | 82.7 (3.256) |
76.4 (3.008) |
70.5 (2.776) |
62.2 (2.449) |
48.6 (1.913) |
36.9 (1.453) |
15.6 (0.614) |
31.3 (1.232) |
54.4 (2.142) |
108.2 (4.26) |
104.2 (4.102) |
77.5 (3.051) |
768.5 (30.256) |
Avg. precipitation days | 6.8 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.2 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 5.8 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 62.7 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 148.8 | 152.6 | 201.5 | 228.0 | 269.7 | 297.0 | 341.0 | 306.9 | 240.0 | 204.6 | 156.0 | 142.6 | 2,668.7 |
Source: Monaco website[79] |
Monaco has been governed under a constitutional monarchy since 1911, with the Sovereign Prince of Monaco as monarch. The executive branch consists of a Minister of State (the head of government), who presides over a five-member Council of Government.[80] Until 2002, the Minister of State was a French citizen appointed by the prince from among candidates proposed by the French government; since a constitutional amendment in 2002, the Minister of State can be French or Monegasque.[43] However, Prince Albert II appointed, on March 3, 2010, the Frenchman Michel Roger as Minister of State.[81]
Under the 1962 constitution, the prince shares his power with the unicameral National Council (parliament).[82] The 24 member National Council are elected for five-year terms; 16 are chosen through a majority electoral system and 8 by proportional representation.[83] All legislation requires the approval of the National Council, which is currently dominated by the central-right Union of Monaco (UPM), who hold twenty-one seats.[83] The only other party represented in the National Council is the right-wing Rally and Issues for Monaco (REM), which holds just three seats.[83] The principality's city affairs are directed by the Communal Council, which consists of fourteen elected members and is presided over by the mayor. As with the National Council UPM holds the majority with ten seats, while REM holds two seats, and the rest are independent.[84]
Monaco is the second smallest country (by size) in the world; only Vatican City is smaller.[85][86] Monaco is also the world's second smallest monarchy,[87] and is the most densely populated country in the world.[88] The state consists of only one municipality (commune).[89] There is no geographical distinction between the State and City of Monaco, although responsibilities of the government (state-level) and of the municipality (city-level) are different.[81] According to the constitution of 1911, the principality was subdivided into three municipalities:[90]
The municipalities were merged into one in 1917, after accusations that the government was acting according to the motto "divide and conquer," and they were accorded the status of Wards or Quartiers thereafter.[91]
Subsequently, three additional wards were created:
An additional ward was planned by new land reclamation to be settled beginning in 2014;[92] but Prince Albert II announced in his 2009 New Year Speech that he had ended plans due to the current economic climate.[93] However, Prince Albert II in mid 2010 firmly restarted the program.[94][95]
The four traditional Quartiers of Monaco are: Monaco-Ville, La Condamine, Monte Carlo and Fontvieille.[96][97] However, the suburb of Moneghetti, the high-level part of La Condamine, is generally seen today as an effective fifth Quartier of the Monaco, having a very distinct atmosphere and topography when compared with low-level La Condamine.[98]
Currently Monaco is subdivided into ten Wards, with their official numbers; either Fontvieille II or Le Portier, would become the affective eleventh ward, if built:[95][99]
No. | Ward | Area (km²) |
Population (Census of 2008) |
Density (km²) |
City Blocks (îlots) |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Former municipality of Monaco | ||||||
05 | Monaco-Ville | 0.19 | 1,034 | 5597 | 19 | Old City |
Former municipality of Monte Carlo | ||||||
01 | Monte Carlo/Spélugues (Bd. Des Moulins-Av. de la Madone) | 0.30 | 3,834 | 10779 | 20 | Casino and resort area |
02 | La Rousse/Saint Roman (Annonciade-Château Périgord) | 0.13 | 3,223 | 30633 | 17 | Northeast area, includes Le Ténao |
03 | Larvotto/Bas Moulins (Larvotto-Bd Psse Grace) | 0.34 | 5,443 | 16570 | 17 | Eastern beach area |
10 | Saint Michel (Psse Charlotte-Park Palace) | 0.16 | 3,907 | 26768 | 24 | Central residential area |
Former municipality of La Condamine | ||||||
04 | La Condamine | 0.28 | 3,947 | 16213 | 28 | Northwest port area |
07 | La Colle (Plati-Pasteur-Bd Charles III) | 0.11 | 2,829 | 15005 | 15 | On the western border with Cap d'Ail |
08 | Les Révoires (Hector Otto-Honoré Labande) | 0.09 | 2,545 | 33203 | 11 | Contains the Jardin Exotique de Monaco |
09 | Moneghetti/ Bd de Belgique (Bd Rainier III-Bd de Belgique) | 0.10 | 3,003 | 28051 | 17 | Central-north residential area |
New land reclaimed from the sea | ||||||
06 | Fontvieille | 0.35 | 3,901 | 10156 | 10 | Started 1981 |
11(1) | Fontvieille II | 0.05(1) | – | - | 4(1) | Proposed by Prince Albert II after Le Portier was shelved |
11(1) | Le Portier | 0.12(1) | – | - | 6(1) | Plans put on hold by Prince Albert II in 2009 |
10 | Monaco[100] | 2.05 | 35,352 | 16217 | 178 | |
(1) Not included in the total, as it is only proposed |
Note: for statistical purposes, the Wards of Monaco are further subdivided into 178 city blocks (îlots), which are comparable to the census blocks in the United States.[12]
The wider defence of the nation is provided by France. Monaco has no navy or air force, but on both a per-capita and per-area basis, Monaco has the largest police force (515 police officers for 35,000 people) and police presence in the world.[101] Its police includes a specialist unit which operates patrol and surveillance boats.[102]
There is also a small military force. This consists of a bodyguard unit for the Prince and the palace in Monaco-Ville called the Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince (Prince's Company of Carabiniers), which is equipped with modern weapons such as M16 rifles and 9 mm pistols,[103] and which together with the militarized, armed fire and civil defence Corps (Sapeurs-Pompiers) forms Monaco's total public forces.[104] The Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince was created by Prince Honoré IV in 1817 for the protection of the Principality and the Princely family. The company numbers exactly 116 officers and men; while the NCOs and soldiers are local, the officers have generally served in the French Army. In addition to their guard duties as described, ce the Carabiniers patrol the Principality's beaches and coastal waters.
One of Monaco's main sources of income is tourism. Each year many are attracted to its casino and pleasant climate. Monaco's own citizens are not allowed to gamble in the casino.[105] In 2001, a major new construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbour. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, non-polluting industries, such as cosmetics and biothermics.
The state retains monopolies in numerous sectors, including tobacco and the postal service. The telephone network (Monaco Telecom) used to be fully owned by the state; it now owns only 45%, while the remaining 55% is owned by both Cable & Wireless Communications (49%) and Compagnie Monégasque de Banque (6%). It is still, however, a monopoly. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas.[106]
Monaco is not a member of the European Union. However, it is very closely linked via a customs union with France, and as such, its currency is the same as that of France, the euro. Before 2002, Monaco minted its own coins, the Monegasque franc. Monaco has acquired the right to mint euro coins with Monegasque designs on its national side.
The plan for casino gambling was mooted during the reign of Florestan I in 1846. Under Louis-Philippe's petite-bourgeois regime, however, a dignitary such as a Prince of Monaco was not allowed to operate a gambling house.[43] All this changed in the dissolute Second French Empire under Napoleon III. The House of Grimaldi was in dire need to generate cash. Menton and Roquebrune, which had been main source of income for the Grimaldis for centuries, now accustomed to much improved standard of living and lenient taxation thanks to Sardinian intervention, clamored for financial and political concession, even for separation. The Grimaldis hoped the newly legal industry would help alleviate the difficulties they faced, above all the crushing debt the family had incurred, but Monaco's first casino would not be ready to operate until after Charles III assumed the throne in 1856.[105]
The grantee of the princely concession (license) was unable to attract enough business to sustain the operation and, after relocating the casino several times, sold the concession to French casino magnates François and Louis Blanc for 1.7 million francs. The Blancs had already set up a highly successful casino (in fact the biggest in Europe) in Bad-Homburg in the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Homburg, a small German principality comparable to Monaco, and quickly petitioned Charles III to rename a depressed seaside area known as "Les Spelegures (Den of Thieves)" to "Monte Carlo (Mount Charles)."[107] They then constructed their casino in the newly dubbed "Monte Carlo" and cleared out the area's less-than-savory elements to make the neighborhood surrounding the establishment more conducive to tourism.
The Blancs opened Le Grand Casino de Monte Carlo in 1858, and the casino benefited from the tourist traffic the newly built French railway system created.[108] Due to the combination of the casino and the railroads, Monaco finally recovered from the previous half century of economic slump, and the principality's success attracted other businesses.[109] In the years following the casino's opening Monaco founded its Oceanographic Museum and the Monte Carlo Opera House, 46 hotels sprang up and the number of jewelers operating in Monaco increased by nearly 500 percent. By 1869, the casino was making such a vast sum of money that the principality could afford not to collect tax from the Monegasques; a master stroke that was to attract affluent residents from all over Europe.
Today, Société des bains de mer de Monaco which owns Le Grand Casino still operates in the original building the Blancs constructed and has been joined by several other casinos, including Le Casino Café de Paris, the Monte Carlo Bay Casino, the Monte Carlo Sporting Club & Casino (Summer Casino) and the Sun Casino. The most recent addition to the list—the first casino to open in Monte Carlo in 75 years—is the Monte Carlo Bay Casino, which sits on 4 hectares of the Mediterranean Garden and, among other things, offers 145 slot machines, all equipped with "Ticket-In, Ticket-Out" (TITO); it is the first Mediterranean casino to use this technology.[110]
Monaco levies no income tax on individuals.[111] The absence of a personal income tax in the principality has attracted to it a considerable number of wealthy "tax refugee" residents from European countries who derive the majority of their income from activity outside Monaco; celebrities such as Formula One drivers attract most of the attention, but the vast majority of them are less well-known business people.[112][37] This applies to all residents of Monaco of any nationality except French citizens whose residency started after 1957. These French citizens still must pay French income tax.
In 1998, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) issued a first report on the consequences of the tax havens' financial systems.[113] Monaco did not appear in the list of these territories until 2004, when OECD became indignant regarding the Monegasque situation and denounced it in its last report, as well as Andorra, Liechtenstein, Liberia and the Marshall Islands, underlining its lack of co-operation regarding financial information disclosure and availability.[114][115]
In 2000, a report by the French parliamentarians, Arnaud Montebourg and Vincent Peillon, alleged that Monaco had lax policies with respect to money laundering, including within its famed casino, and that the government of Monaco had been placing political pressure on the judiciary, so that alleged crimes were not being properly investigated.[116]
In 2000, the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) stated: "The anti-money laundering system in Monaco is comprehensive. However, difficulties have been encountered with Monaco by countries in international investigations on serious crimes that appear to be linked also with tax matters. In addition, the FIU of Monaco (SICCFIN) suffers a great lack of adequate resources. The authorities of Monaco have stated that they will provide additional resources to SICCFIN."[117] The Principality is no longer blamed in the 2005 FATF report, as well as all other territories.[118][119] However, since 2003, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has identified Monaco, along with 36 other territories, as a tax haven.[120]
The Council of Europe also decided to issue reports naming tax havens. Twenty-two territories, including Monaco, were thus evaluated between 1998 and 2000 on a first round. Monaco is the only territory that refuses to perform the second round, initially forecast between 2001 and 2003, whereas the 21 other territories are implementing the third and last round, planned between 2005 and 2007.[121]
However, Monaco has high social insurance taxes payable by both employer and employee. The employer's contribution is between 28%–40% (averaging 35%) of gross salary including benefits and the employee pays a further 10%–14% (averaging 13%).[122]
In Monaco, the euro was introduced in 2002, having been preceded by the Monegasque franc.[123] In preparation for this date, the minting of the new euro coins started as early as 2001. This is why the first euro coins from Monaco have the year 2001 on them, instead of 2002, like other countries of the Eurozone.[124][125] Three different designs were selected for the Monegasque coins.[126] However, In 2006, the design was changed after the death of ruling Prince Rainier to have the effigy of Prince Albert.[126][127]
Monaco also has a rich and valuable collection of collectors' coins, with face value ranging from €5 to €100.[128] These coins are a legacy of an old national practice of minting silver and gold commemorative coins.[129][130] Unlike normal issues, these coins are not legal tender in all the Eurozone. For instance, a Monegasque commemorative coin cannot be used in any other country.[131] The same practice concerning commemorative coins is exercised with all eurozone countries. Commemorative coins are legal tender only in their country of issue, unlike normal circulation coins, which are accepted in all euro-zone countries.
Since 1955, the Monaco Grand Prix has been held annually in the streets of Monaco.[132] It is widely considered to be one of the most prestigious automobile races in the world. The erection of the Circuit de Monaco takes six weeks to complete, and the removal after the race takes another three weeks.[133] The circuit has many elevation changes and tight corners, along with a tunnel. This together with being incredibly narrow and tight makes it perhaps the most demanding Formula One track.[134] Only two drivers have ever crashed into the harbor, the most famous being Alberto Ascari in the 1955 Monaco Grand Prix, just four days before losing his life at Monza. The other was Paul Hawkins, during the 1965 Monaco Grand Prix.[135]
The Monte Carlo Rally has been held since 1911, having originally been held at the behest of Prince Albert I and is, like the principality's Grand Prix, organised by the Automobile Club de Monaco. It has long been considered to be one of the toughest and most prestigious events in rallying and from 1973 to 2008 was the opening round of the World Rally Championship. From 2009 until 2011, the rally served as the opening round of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge, having most recently been run on the 19–22 January 2011 in celebration of the event's centenary.
2012 marked the return of the Monte Carlo Rally to the WRC calendar with the event taking place from the 20–22 January 2012.[136]
Monaco hosts two major football teams in the principality; men's football club AS Monaco FC and women's football club OS Monaco. AS Monaco plays at the Stade Louis II and competes in the Ligue 2, the second division of French football. The club is historically one of the most successful clubs in France. However, it suffered relegation in the 2010–11 season. Because of the popular appeal of living in Monaco and the lack of income tax, many international stars have played for the club, such as Marcelo Gallardo, Jürgen Klinsmann, Oliver Bierhoff, George Weah, John Collins, Fernando Morientes, Thierry Henry, Fabien Barthez, Rafael Márquez, Javier Saviola, Akis Zikos, David Trezeguet, John Arne Riise, Patrice Evra, Shabani Nonda, Emmanuel Adebayor, Eiður Guðjohnsen, Jan Koller, Victor Ikpeba, Park Chu-Young and Mahamadou Diarra.
The club reached the 2004 UEFA Champions League Final, led by the likes of Dado Pršo, Fernando Morientes, Jérôme Rothen, Akis Zikos, and Ludovic Giuly, losing 3–0 to Portuguese team F.C. Porto. The Stade Louis II also plays host to the annual UEFA Super Cup, which is played between the winners of the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. The women's team, OS Monaco, competes in the women's French football league system. The club currently plays in the local regional league deep down in the league system, however once played in the Division 1 Féminine in the 1994–95 season, but were quickly relegated. Current French women's international goalkeeper Sarah Bouhaddi had a short stint at the club before going to the Clairefontaine academy.
The Monaco national football team represents the nation in association football and is controlled by the Monegasque Football Federation, the governing body for football in Monaco. However, Monaco is the only sovereign state in Europe that is not a member of UEFA, and so does not take part in any UEFA European Football Championship or FIFA World Cup competitions. The team play their home matches in the Stade Louis II.
Monaco's national rugby team, as of March 2012, is 90th in the International Rugby Board rankings.[137]
The Monte-Carlo Masters is currently held annually in neighbouring Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France, as a professional tournament for men as part of tennis' ATP Masters Series.[138] The tournament has been held since 1897. Golf's Monte Carlo Open was also held at the Monte Carlo Golf Club at Mont Agel in France between 1984 and 1992. Monaco has also competed in the Olympic Games, although, as of 2008, no athlete from Monaco has ever won an Olympic medal.
In 2009, the Tour de France, the world's premier bicycle race, started from Monaco with a 15 km closed-circuit individual time trial starting and finishing there on the first day (4 July) and the 182 km second leg starting there on the following day and ending in Brignoles, France.[139]
Monaco also stage part of the Global Champions Tour (International Show-jumping). Acknowledged as the most glamorous of the series, Monaco will be hosting the world's most celebrated riders, including Monaco's own Charlotte Casiraghi, in a setting facing out over the world's most beautiful yachts, and framed by the Port Hercule and Prince's palace. In 2009, the Monaco stage of the Global Champions tour took place between 25 – 27 June.
The Monaco Marathon is the only marathon in the world to pass through three separate countries, those of Monaco, France and Italy. The 2010 event took place on 21 March. Runners complete the race by returning to the Stade Louis II.
The Monaco Ironman 70.3 triathlon race is an annual event with over 1000 athletes competing and attracts top professional athletes from around the world. The race includes a 1.9 km swim, 90 km bike ride and 21.1 km run.
Since 1993, the headquarters of the International Association of Athletics Federations,[140] the world governing body of athletics, is located in Monaco.[141] An IAAF Diamond League meet is annually held at Stade Louis II.[142]
Monaco has ten state-operated schools, including: seven nursery and primary schools; one secondary school, Collège Charles III;[143] one lycée that provides general and technological training, Lycée Albert 1er;[144] and one lycée that provides vocational and hotel training, Lycée technique et hôtelier de Monte-Carlo.[145] There are also two grant-aided denominational private schools, including Institution François d'Assise Nicolas Barré and Ecole des Sœurs Dominicaines, and one international school, the International School of Monaco.
There is one university located in Monaco:
Monaco's population is unusual in that the native Monegasques are a minority in their own country comprising 21.6% of the population. The largest group are French nationals at 28.4%, followed by Monegasque (21.6%), Italian (18.7%), British (7.5%), Belgian (2.8%), German (2.5%), Swiss (2.5%) and US nationals (1.2%).[146]
Citizens of Monaco are called Monacans, while Monegasque is the proper term for describing someone who was born in Monaco.
The official language of Monaco is French, while Italian is spoken by the principality's sizable community from Italy. English is used by American, British and Irish residents. The traditional national language is Monégasque, now spoken by only a minority of residents. It resembles Ligurian, which is spoken in Genoa. In the old part of Monaco, street signs are printed in both French and Monégasque.
The official religion is Roman Catholicism, with freedom of other religions guaranteed by the constitution. There are five Roman Catholic parish churches in Monaco and one cathedral, which is the seat of the archbishop of Monaco. The diocese, which has existed since the mid-nineteenth century, was raised to an archbishopric in 1981 as the Archdiocese of Monaco. The patron saint is Saint Devota.
There is one Anglican church (St. Paul's Church), located in the Avenue de Grande Bretagne in Monte Carlo. In 2007 this had a formal membership of 135 Anglicans resident in the principality, but was also serving a considerably larger number of Anglicans temporarily in the country, mostly as tourists. The church site also accommodates an English-language library of over 3,000 books.[147] The church is part of the Anglican Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe.
The Association Culturelle Israélite de Monaco (founded 1948) is a converted house containing a synagogue, a community Hebrew school, and a kosher food shop, located in Monte Carlo.[148] The community (approximately 1,000) mainly consists of retired Jews from Britain (40%) and North Africa.[149] Two thirds of the Jewish population there are Sephardic, mainly from North Africa, while the other third is Ashkenazi.[150]
The flag of Monaco is one of the world's oldest national flag designs. The flag of Monaco is identical to the flag of Indonesia, except for the ratio of height to width.[151]
The Monaco-Monte Carlo station is served by the SNCF, the French national rail system. The Monte Carlo International Heliport provides helicopter service to the closest airport, Côte d'Azur Airport in Nice, France.
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France | France | France | ||
France | Mediterranean Sea | |||
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Mediterranean Sea | Mediterranean Sea | Mediterranean Sea |
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Coordinates: 43°43′58″N 7°25′11″E / 43.73278°N 7.41972°E / 43.73278; 7.41972
Piers Morgan | |
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Piers Morgan in 2011 |
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Born | Piers Stefan O'Meara (1965-03-30) 30 March 1965 (age 47) Guildford, Surrey, England[1] |
Nationality | British |
Education | Chailey School Preparatory School |
Alma mater | Harlow College |
Occupation | Broadcaster, panellist, journalist, talk show host |
Years active | 1985–present |
Employer | South London News (1985–88) The Sun (1989–94) News of the World (1994–95) Daily Mirror (1995–2004) |
Known for | Newspaper editing Television work |
Height | 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m)[2] |
Television | Britain's Got Talent America's Got Talent Winner of The Celebrity Apprentice The Dark Side of Fame with Piers Morgan Piers Morgan On... Piers Morgan's Life Stories Piers Morgan Tonight |
Spouse |
Marion Shalloe (m. 1991–2008) «start: (1991)–end+1: (2009)»"Marriage: Marion Shalloe to Piers Morgan" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Piers_Morgan) (divorced) |
Children | Spencer, Stanley, Albert |
Parents | Eamon Vincent O'Meara (deceased) Gabrielle O'Meara |
Website | |
www.officialpiersmorgan.com |
Piers Stefan Pughe-Morgan (born Piers Stefan O'Meara; 30 March 1965), known professionally as Piers Morgan, is a British journalist and television presenter. He is editorial director of First News, a national newspaper for children.
Morgan branched into television mainly as a presenter, but has become best known as a judge or contestant in reality television programmes. In the UK, he was a judge on Britain's Got Talent. Morgan is best known in the United States as a judge on the show America's Got Talent, and as the winner of The Celebrity Apprentice. On 17 January 2011, he began hosting Piers Morgan Tonight for CNN in the timeslot previously occupied by Larry King Live after the retirement of host Larry King.[3]
Morgan has authored eight books, including three volumes of memoirs.
Contents |
Piers Morgan was born on 30 March 1965, in Guildford, Surrey, England, to Eamon Vincent O'Meara, a dentist, of Dorking, Surrey,[4] and Gabrielle Georgina Sybille (née Oliver).[5] His father died when he was one year old; his mother subsequently remarried. He has three older siblings.[6] His ancestry includes Irish, Portuguese, Scottish, and English.[5][7] Morgan was raised Catholic.[8] Named Piers Stefan Pughe-Morgan by his stepfather, Morgan attended an independent school called Cumnor House[9] from the ages of seven to thirteen, and then Chailey School, a comprehensive secondary school in Chailey, near Lewes, East Sussex, followed by Lewes Priory School for VI form.[10] Morgan studied Journalism at Harlow College. After a brief career at Lloyds of London, he joined the Surrey and South London Newspaper Group in 1985,[11] where he worked as a reporter on the South London News, and the Streatham and Tooting News. Morgan was recruited (he says headhunted by editor Kelvin MacKenzie) to join The Sun newspaper, specifically to work on the Bizarre column.
Morgan's first major position in national media was as de facto editor of The Sun's show business column, Bizarre, under the editorship of Kelvin MacKenzie. In 1994, aged 28, he was appointed editor of News of the World by Rupert Murdoch, becoming the youngest national newspaper editor in more than half a century.[12] He quickly gained notoriety for his invasive, thrusting style and lack of concern for celebrities' right to privacy, claiming that they could not manipulate the media to further their own ends without accepting the consequences of a two way deal. Morgan's autobiography The Insider states that he left the News of the World of his own choice and somewhat against owner Rupert Murdoch's wishes when he was offered the job of Editor at the Daily Mirror.
As editor of the Mirror, in 1996 Morgan was widely criticised and forced to apologise for the headline "Achtung! Surrender" a day before England met Germany in a semi-final of the Euro '96 football championships.[13]
In 2000, he was the subject of an investigation after Suzy Jagger wrote a story in The Daily Telegraph revealing that he had bought £20,000 worth of shares in the computer company Viglen soon before the Mirror 's 'City Slickers' column tipped Viglen as a good buy.[14] Morgan was found by the Press Complaints Commission to have breached the Code of Conduct on financial journalism, but kept his job. The 'City Slickers' columnists, Anil Bhoyrul and James Hipwell, were both found to have committed further breaches of the Code, and were sacked before the inquiry. In 2004, further enquiry by the Department of Trade and Industry cleared Morgan from any charges.[15] On 7 December 2005 Bhoyrul and Hipwell were convicted of conspiracy to breach the Financial Services Act. During the trial it emerged that Morgan had bought £67,000 worth of Viglen shares, emptying his bank account and investing under his wife's name too.[16]
In 2002, the Mirror attempted to move mid-market, claiming to eschew the more trivial stories of show-business and gossip. Morgan rehired John Pilger, who had been sacked during Robert Maxwell's ownership of the Mirror titles. Despite such changes, Morgan was unable to halt the paper's decline in circulation, a decline shared by its direct tabloid rivals The Sun and the Daily Star.[citation needed]
Morgan was fired from the Mirror on 14 May 2004 after authorising the newspaper's publication of photographs allegedly showing Iraqi prisoners being abused by British Army soldiers from the Queen's Lancashire Regiment.[17] Within days the photographs were shown to be crude fakes. Under the headline "SORRY.. WE WERE HOAXED", the Mirror responded that it had fallen victim to a "calculated and malicious hoax" and apologised for the publication of the photographs.[18]
In May 2005, in partnership with Matthew Freud, he gained ownership of Press Gazette, a media trade publication together with its 'cash cow' the British Press Awards, in a deal worth £1 million.[19][20] This ownership was cited as one of the reasons many major newspapers boycotted the 2006 awards.[21] Press Gazette entered administrative receivership toward the end of 2006,[22] before being sold to a trade buyer.
On 4 May 2006, Morgan launched First News, a weekly paper aimed at seven to fourteen-year-olds. Upon its launch Morgan claimed that the paper was to be "Britain's first national newspaper for children",[23] although this claim was without foundation: other newspapers aimed at young audiences have included The Boy's Newspaper (1880–1882), The Children's Newspaper (1919–1965), and Early Times (launched in the late 1980s). Morgan was editorial director at First News, responsible for bringing in celebrity involvement. He referred to the role as "editorial overlord and frontman".[24]
In 2007, Morgan was filmed falling off a Segway, breaking three ribs. Simon Cowell and others made much of Morgan's previous comment in 2003, in the Daily Mail, after former U.S. President George W. Bush fell off a Segway, that "You'd have to be an idiot to fall off, wouldn't you, Mr. President?"[25][26][27]
Morgan's career has diversified in recent years into television presentation and proprietorship. In 2003, he presented a three-part television documentary series for the BBC titled The Importance of Being Famous, about fame and the manner in which celebrities are covered by modern media.
He has co-hosted his own current affairs interview show on Channel 4 with Amanda Platell, Morgan and Platell. Morgan and Platell were put together because of their opposing political angles. Platell would interrogate guests from the right-wing, Morgan from the left-wing.[28] The show was dropped after three series allegedly because of poor viewing figures, though the chairman of Channel 4, Luke Johnson, was reported not to like the programme.
Throughout 2006, Morgan appeared as a judge on the American television show America's Got Talent alongside Brandy Norwood and David Hasselhoff on NBC. Morgan was chosen by Simon Cowell as a replacement for himself because of the conditions of his American Idol contract. Morgan appeared as a celebrity contestant on Comic Relief Does The Apprentice in 2007, to raise money for Comic Relief. During filming, he and Alastair Campbell reduced fellow contestant Trinny Woodall to tears when they tried to sabotage her team's event, and were involved in a brawl with her.[29] Upon his team losing, Morgan was selected by Sir Alan Sugar as the contestant to be fired.[30]
Also in 2007, he appeared as a judge for the second season of America's Got Talent and also appeared as a judge on the British version of the show, Britain's Got Talent on ITV1, alongside Amanda Holden and Simon Cowell. He also presented You Can't Fire Me, I'm Famous on BBC One. In January 2008, Morgan fronted a three-part documentary about Sandbanks for ITV1[31] entitled Piers Morgan on Sandbanks.[32]
Morgan was the winner of the U.S. celebrity version of The Apprentice, in 2008. The most memorable feature of the programme was the rowdy disagreements he had with fellow contestant Omarosa Manigault-Stallworth. This was resolved in Morgan's favour on 6 March, after her team was defeated by Morgan's in the biggest margin of victory in Apprentice history. Morgan ended up the overall winner, being named Celebrity Apprentice on 27 March, ahead of fellow finalist, American country music star, Trace Adkins (whom he surprised by kissing him on the cheek just moments after an on-air spat with Stallworth) and having raised substantially more cash than all the other contestants combined.[33]
In May 2008, Morgan signed a two year "golden handcuffs" deal with ITV reportedly worth £2 million per year. As part of the deal, Morgan would continue as a judge on Britain's Got Talent for at least two more series and front a new chat show. He will also make some interview specials, plus three more documentaries from various countries. Morgan's golden handcuffs deal is the first signing by ITV's new director of television, Peter Fincham.[34]
On 8 September 2008, a new series started, The Dark Side of Fame with Piers Morgan, produced by BBC Scotland.
Morgan returned to ITV1 in February 2009, with the series, Piers Morgan On..., which saw him visit Dubai, Monte Carlo and Hollywood.[35] The series positioned Morgan as a modern day Alan Whicker and received strong viewing figures for the channel.[36] The programme returned for a second series in 2010[37] when Morgan visited Las Vegas,[38] Marbella,[39] and Shanghai.[40] In the Shanghai episode, broadcast on 29 June 2010, Morgan consumed foie gras in a restaurant and visited a Tesco store selling live terrapins. Since both foie gras production and live reptile sales are considered cruel, Morgan came under criticism on social networking sites, including Twitter.[41] Ironically, any complaints on Twitter about China's animal cruelty record will not be visible in the communist country, since Twitter itself is banned there,[42] as Morgan pointed out in the same programme.
In 2009 Morgan's show, Piers Morgan's Life Stories, began on ITV1 with Sharon Osbourne as the subject of the first episode.[43] Other guests on the programme have included Cheryl Tweedy[44] and the then Prime Minister Gordon Brown.[45]
On 8 September 2010, CNN announced Morgan would replace Larry King in the network's evening line-up, with his show Piers Morgan Tonight, beginning 17 January 2011.[46][47] His show on CNN, Piers Morgan Tonight, has been described by Hank Stuever as "droning," "unnecessary," and "rubbish."[48]
Morgan appeared as a guest on the satirical news quiz Have I Got News for You in an episode transmitted on 24 May 1996.[49] In it, show regular Ian Hislop and Morgan failed to keep their mutual contempt off-screen. Hislop accused Morgan of having him (Hislop) followed and having his house watched. The conflict escalated and at one point the host, Angus Deayton, asked if they wished to go outside and have a fight. Later on, guest panelist Clive Anderson confronted Morgan commenting "the last time I was rude to you, you sent photographers to my doorstep the next day", to which Piers Morgan retorted, "You won't see them this time." Hislop commented "He is charming isn't he", and Morgan replied, "Don't try the popularity line with me, Hislop", before appealing to the audience: "Does anyone actually like him?" The audience responded loudly in favour of Hislop.[50] "'We're about to start exposing the moon-faced midget'", Morgan was quoted as saying in 2002, to which Hislop responded "'all he's been offering for information about my private life is a £50 reward. My friends think that's not nearly enough.'"[51]
In 2007, Hislop chose Morgan as one of his pet hates on Room 101.[52][53] In doing so, Hislop spoke of the history of animosity between himself and Morgan and revealed that after their exchange on Have I Got News For You (which was shown as a clip), Morgan's reporters were tasked with trying to get gossip on Hislop's private life (including phoning acquaintances of Hislop), and photographers were sent in case Hislop did anything untoward or embarrassing while in their presence. Neither the reporters nor the photographers succeeded. Hislop also revealed that Morgan had attempted to quell the feud in an article in The Mail On Sunday, saying, "The war is over. I'm officially calling an end to hostilities, at least from my end. I'm sure it won't stop him carrying on his 'Piers Moron' stuff."[54] Hislop, who had been engaged in work on a First World War documentary at the time, responded by asking "Is that an armistice or an unconditional surrender?" Although the show's host Paul Merton agreed to put Morgan into Room 101, he was comically rejected as being "too toxic", even for Room 101.[52][55]
In October 2003, journalist and television personality Jeremy Clarkson reportedly emptied a glass of water over Morgan during the last flight of Concorde.[56] In March 2004, at the British Press Awards, Clarkson punched Morgan three times in a clash over The Mirror's coverage of his private life, and accusations that Clarkson did not write for his column in The Sun himself.[56] Morgan reported on a rapprochement with Clarkson in the epilogue of his book, Don't You Know Who I Am?.
In December 2010, Morgan announced to the Daily Express that he will not be scheduling Madonna to appear on Piers Morgan Tonight. Morgan reportedly told the British newspaper that, while he wanted to get U.S. President Barack Obama and Mel Gibson on his show, he was not bothered about Madonna. Morgan said, "She is so boring. She is too vegan for TV. We have Lady Gaga now so Madonna is banned from my show.” In response, Madonna's publicist quipped, "Madonna doesn't know who Piers Morgan is but she's a big fan of Lady Gaga."[57]
In December 2010 Morgan had an ongoing Twitter argument with Alan Sugar, which resulted in a competition to see who could attract more followers by Christmas Day.[58]
In July 2011 the political blogger Paul Staines alleged that Morgan published a story while knowing it to have been obtained by phone hacking while editor of the Daily Mirror in 2002.[59] Morgan is also alleged to have close ties with the Rupert Murdoch family and defended them in the media against suggestions that they were more involved in the News International phone hacking scandal than they claimed.[60] Morgan described in a 2006 article he wrote for the Daily Mail how he had heard tapes of messages that Paul McCartney had left for his wife, Heather Mills, on her mobile phone. Morgan wrote that "Stories soon emerged that the marriage was in trouble - at one stage I was played a tape of a message Paul had left for Heather on her mobile phone. It was heartbreaking. The couple had clearly had a tiff, Heather had fled to India, and Paul was pleading with her to come back. He sounded lonely, miserable and desperate, and even sang "We Can Work It Out" into the answerphone."[61] He came under criticism for his "boasting" about phone hacking from Conservative MP Louise Mensch, who has since apologised for these accusations.[62]
During Morgan's tenure as editor, the Daily Mirror was advised by Steven Nott that voicemail interception was possible by means of a standard PIN code. Despite staff initially expressing enthusiasm for the story it did not appear in the paper, although it did subsequently feature in a South Wales Argus article and on BBC Radio 5 Live in October 1999. On 18 July 2011 Nott was visited by officers of Operation Weeting. The Daily Mirror's publishers Trinity Mirror declined to comment when approached by The Independent for its article of 6 August 2011.[63]
On 20 December Morgan was a witness by satellite link from the United States at the Leveson Inquiry.[64] While he did "not believe to the best of my recollection" that phone hacking had occurred at the Mirror, he admitted to listening to the voice mail left by Paul McCartney for Heather Mills, but refused to "discuss where he was played that tape or who played it - it would compromise a source."[64] Appearing as a witness at the same Inquiry on 9 February 2012, Mills was asked under oath if she had ever made a recording of Paul McCartney's phonecalls or answerphone messages and had ever played it to Piers Morgan or "anybody else", she replied: "Never".[65] Mills told the inquiry that Morgan was "a man that has written nothing but awful things about me for years and would have relished telling the inquiry if she had played a personal voicemail message to him".[66]
On 23 May 2012, the Newsnight presenter Jeremy Paxman was a witness at the Leveson Inquiry. He recalled a lunch with the Mirror editor in September 2002 at which Morgan outlined the means of hacking into a mobile phone.[67]
Morgan married Marion Shalloe in July 1991 in Hampshire. They have three sons: Spencer William (born in 1993), Stanley Christopher (born in 1997) and Albert Douglas (Bertie) (born in 2000).[68] Morgan and Shalloe divorced in 2008.[citation needed] He was linked romantically to The Guardian columnist Marina Hyde, and his second wife is The Daily Telegraph's columnist and feature writer, Celia Walden,[69] who is the daughter of the former Conservative MP George Walden.[70] Morgan and Walden married in June 2010. On November 25, 2011, the Mail Online reported that Celia Walden gave birth to a baby girl at Cedars-Sinai Hospital in Beverly Hills. It is her first child, while Morgan has become a father for the fourth time. The couple have named their daughter Elise.[71]
Morgan is a lifelong fan of cricket. Corresponding with Sir Donald "Don" Bradman as a child, and being a promising early youthful fast bowler, he has played for his local side in Newick since 1978. Every year since 2000 he has organised a game between a Morgan family team and the Newick side, which includes a famous "ringer" - 2008's ringer was England batsman Kevin Pietersen. Morgan described the 2008 game as "the best day of my life."[72] Morgan is also a fan of Arsenal F.C.[73]
Media offices | ||
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Preceded by Patsy Chapman |
Editor of the News of the World 1994–1995 |
Succeeded by Phil Hall |
Preceded by Colin Myler |
Editor of the Daily Mirror 1995–2004 |
Succeeded by Richard Wallace |
Preceded by Stefanie Schaeffer |
The Apprentice Winners Season 7 (Celebrity Edition) |
Succeeded by Joan Rivers |
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Persondata | |
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Name | Morgan, Piers |
Alternative names | |
Short description | British journalist and television presenter |
Date of birth | 1965-03-30 |
Place of birth | Guildford, Surrey, England |
Date of death | |
Place of death |
Rafael Nadal in 2012 |
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Full name | Rafael Nadal Parera |
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Country | Spain |
Residence | Manacor, Majorca, Balearic Islands, Spain |
Born | (1986-06-03) 3 June 1986 (age 26) Manacor, Majorca, Balearic Islands, Spain |
Height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) |
Weight | 85 kg (190 lb; 13.4 st) |
Turned pro | 2001 |
Plays | Left-handed (two-handed backhand) |
Career prize money | $48,433,332 |
Singles | |
Career record | 574–120 (82.71%) |
Career titles | 49 |
Highest ranking | No. 1 (18 August 2008) |
Current ranking | No. 2 (28 May 2012)[1] |
Grand Slam Singles results | |
Australian Open | W (2009) |
French Open | W (2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011) |
Wimbledon | W (2008, 2010) |
US Open | W (2010) |
Other tournaments | |
Tour Finals | F (2010) |
Olympic Games | Gold medal (2008) |
Doubles | |
Career record | 97–59 |
Career titles | 8 |
Highest ranking | No. 26 (8 August 2005) |
Current ranking | No. 62 (28 May 2012)[2] |
Grand Slam Doubles results | |
Australian Open | 3R (2004, 2005) |
Wimbledon | 2R (2005) |
US Open | SF (2004) |
Last updated on: 28 May 2012. |
Olympic medal record | ||
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Competitor for Spain | ||
Men's Tennis | ||
Gold | 2008 Beijing | Singles |
Rafael "Rafa" Nadal Parera (Catalan: [rəˈfɛɫ nəˈðaɫ pəˈɾeɾə]; Spanish: [rafaˈel naˈðal paˈɾeɾa]) (born 3 June 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player and a former World No. 1. As of 28 May 2012 (2012 -05-28)[update], he is ranked No. 2 by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). He is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time;[5][6][7] his success on clay has earned him the nickname "The King of Clay", and has prompted many experts to regard him as the greatest clay court player of all time.[8][9][10]
Nadal has won ten Grand Slam singles titles, including a record six French Open titles (tied with Bjorn Borg), the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles, a record 21 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 tournaments, and also was part of the Spain Davis Cup team that won the finals in 2004, 2008, 2009 and 2011. He completed the Career Grand Slam by winning the 2010 US Open, being the seventh player in history, and the youngest in the open era, to achieve it. He is the second male player to complete the Career Golden Slam (winner of the four grand slams and the Olympic Gold medal) after only Andre Agassi.
Nadal had a 32-match winning streak in 2008, starting at the 2008 Masters Series Hamburg to the 2008 Western & Southern Financial Group Masters and Women's Open, which included titles at Hamburg, the French Open (where he did not drop a set), Queen's Club, his first title at Wimbledon, and the Rogers Cup. In 2012, by winning the Monte-Carlo Masters, he became the only player to have won eight consecutive editions in any tournament during history of tennis, and only the 2nd player to win a single tournament for a total of eight times during Open Era. Nadal was ranked world No. 2, behind Roger Federer, for a record 160 consecutive weeks before earning the top spot, which he held from 18 August 2008 to 5 July 2009.[11] He regained the world No.1 ranking on 7 June 2010, after winning his fifth French Open title.[12] He held it until 3 July 2011, when Novak Djokovic replaced him as world No. 1. Nadal has held the No. 2 ranking for an ATP record 235 weeks (as of 21 May 2012).
Contents |
Rafael Nadal was born in Manacor, Majorca, Spain to Sebastián Nadal, a businessman who owns an insurance company, a glass and window company, Vidres Mallorca, and manages his own restaurant, Sa Punta. His mother is Ana María Parera, a housewife. He has a younger sister named María Isabel. His uncle, Miguel Ángel Nadal, is a retired professional footballer, who played for RCD Mallorca, FC Barcelona, and the Spanish national team.[13] Nadal supports football clubs Real Madrid and RCD Mallorca.[14] Recognizing that Nadal had a natural talent for tennis, another uncle, Toni Nadal, a former professional tennis player, introduced him to tennis when he was three years old.[15]
At age eight, Nadal won an under-12 regional tennis championship at a time when he was also a promising football player.[16] This made Toni Nadal intensify training, and at that time he encouraged Nadal to play left-handed for a natural advantage on the tennis court, as he noticed Nadal played forehand shots with two hands.[16] When Nadal was 12, he won the Spanish and European tennis titles in his age group and was playing tennis and football all the time.[16] Nadal's father made him choose between football and tennis so that his school work would not deteriorate entirely. Nadal said: "I chose tennis. Football had to stop straight away."[16]
When he was 14, the Spanish tennis federation requested that he leave Majorca and move to Barcelona to continue his tennis training. Nadal's family turned down this request, partly because they feared it would hurt his education,[16] but also because Toni said that "I don't want to believe that you have to go to America, or other places to be a good athlete. You can do it from your home."[15] The decision to stay home meant that Nadal received less financial support from the federation; instead, Nadal's father covered the costs. In May 2001, he defeated former Grand Slam champion Pat Cash in a clay-court exhibition match.[13]
At 15, he turned pro.[17] Nadal participated in two events on the ITF junior circuit. In 2002, at the age of 16, Nadal reached the semifinals of the Boy's Singles tournament at Wimbledon, in his first ITF junior event.[18]
By the age of 17, he beat Roger Federer the first time they played and became the youngest man to reach the third round at Wimbledon since Boris Becker. At 18, he helped pace Spain over the US in the junior Davis Cup in his second, and final, appearance on the ITF junior circuit. At 19, Nadal won the French Open the first time he played it, a feat not accomplished in Paris for more than 20 years. He eventually won it the first four times he played at Roland Garros.[17] In 2003, he had won the ATP Newcomer of the Year Award. Early in his career, Nadal picked up the trademark habit of biting the trophies he won.[19]
In April 2002, at 15 years and 10 months, the world No. 762 Nadal won his first ATP match, defeating Ramón Delgado, and became the ninth player in the open era to do so before the age of 16.[20] The following year, Nadal won two Challenger titles and finished the year in the top 50. At his Wimbledon debut in 2003, Nadal became the youngest man to reach the third round since Boris Becker in 1984.[21] During 2004, Nadal played his first match against world No. 1 Roger Federer at the 2004 Miami Masters, and won in straight sets. He is one of the six players that defeated Federer that year (along with Tim Henman, Albert Costa, Gustavo Kuerten, Dominik Hrbatý, and Tomáš Berdych). He missed most of the clay court season, including the French Open, because of a stress fracture in his left ankle.[13] Nadal, at 18 years and six months, became the youngest player to register a singles victory in a Davis Cup final for a winning nation.[22] By beating world No. 2 Andy Roddick, he helped Spain clinch the 2004 title over the United States in a 3–2 win. He finished the year ranked world No. 51.
At the 2005 Australian Open, Nadal lost in the 4th round to eventual runner-up Lleyton Hewitt. Two months later, Nadal reached the final of the 2005 Miami Masters, and despite being two points from a straight-sets victory, he was defeated in five sets by world No. 1 Roger Federer. Both performances were considered to be breakthroughs for Nadal.[23][24]
He then dominated the spring clay court season. He won 24 consecutive singles matches, which broke Andre Agassi's open era record of consecutive match wins for a male teenager.[25] Nadal won the Torneo Conde de Godó in Barcelona and beat 2004 French Open runner-up Guillermo Coria in the finals of the 2005 Monte Carlo Masters and the 2005 Rome Masters. These victories raised his ranking to world No. 5[26] and made him one of the favorites at his career-first French Open. On his 19th birthday, Nadal defeated Federer in the 2005 French Open semifinals, being one of only four players who defeated the top-seeded player that year (along with Marat Safin, Richard Gasquet, and David Nalbandian). Two days later, he defeated Mariano Puerta in the final, becoming the second male player to win the French Open on his first attempt since Mats Wilander in 1982: He also became the first teenager to win a Grand Slam singles title since Pete Sampras won the 1990 US Open at age 19.[13] Winning the French Open improved Nadal's ranking to World No. 3.[26]
Three days after his victory in Paris, Nadal's 24-match winning streak was snapped in the first round of the grass court Gerry Weber Open in Halle, Germany, where he lost to the German Alexander Waske.[27] He then lost in the second round of 2005 Wimbledon to Gilles Müller of Luxembourg.
Immediately after Wimbledon, Nadal won 16 consecutive matches and three consecutive tournaments, bringing his ranking to world No. 2 on 25 July 2005.
Nadal started his North American summer hard-court season by defeating Agassi in the final of the 2005 Canada Masters, but lost in the first round of the 2005 Cincinnati Masters. Nadal was seeded second at the 2005 US Open, where he was upset in the third round by World No. 49 James Blake in four sets.
In September, he defeated Coria in the final of the China Open in Beijing and won both of his Davis Cup matches against Italy. In October, he won his fourth ATP Masters Series title of the year, defeating Ivan Ljubičić in the final of the 2005 Madrid Masters. He then suffered a foot injury that prevented him from competing in the year-ending Tennis Masters Cup.[28]
Both Nadal and Federer won eleven singles titles and four ATP Masters Series titles in 2005. Nadal broke Mats Wilander's previous teenage record of nine in 1983.[29] Eight of Nadal's titles were on clay, and the remainder were on hard courts. Nadal won 79 matches, second only to Federer's 81. Nadal won the Golden Bagel Award for 2005, with eleven 6–0 sets during the year.[30] Also, he earned the highest year-end ranking ever by a Spaniard and the ATP Most Improved Player of the Year award.
Nadal missed the Australian Open due to a foot injury.[31] In February, he lost in the semifinals of the first tournament he played, the Open 13 tournament in Marseille, France. Two weeks later, he handed Roger Federer his first loss of the year in the final of the Dubai Duty Free Men's Open (in 2006, Rafael Nadal and Andy Murray were the only two men who defeated Federer). To complete the spring hard-court season, Nadal was upset in the semifinals of the Pacific Life Open in Indian Wells, California, by James Blake, and was upset in the second round of the 2006 Miami Masters.
On European clay, Nadal won all four tournaments he entered and 24 consecutive matches. He defeated Federer in the final of the Masters Series Monte Carlo in four sets. The following week, he defeated Tommy Robredo in the final of the Open Sabadell Atlántico tournament in Barcelona. After a one-week break, Nadal won the Masters Series Internazionali BNL d'Italia in Rome, defeating Federer in a fifth-set tiebreaker in the final, after saving two match points and equaling Björn Borg's tally of 16 ATP titles won as a teenager. Nadal broke Argentinian Guillermo Vilas's 29-year male record of 53 consecutive clay-court match victories by winning his first round match at the French Open. Vilas presented Nadal with a trophy, but commented later that Nadal's feat was less impressive than his own because Nadal's winning streak covered two years and was accomplished by adding easy tournaments to his schedule.[32] Nadal went on to play Federer in the final of the French Open. The first two sets of the match were hardly competitive, as the rivals traded 6–1 sets. Nadal won the third set easily and served for the match in the fourth set before Federer broke him and forced a tiebreaker. Nadal won the tiebreaker and became the first player to defeat Federer in a Grand Slam final.[33]
Nadal injured his shoulder while playing a quarterfinal match against Lleyton Hewitt at the Artois Championships, played on grass at the Queen's Club in London.[34] Nadal was unable to complete the match, which ended his 26-match winning streak. Nadal was seeded second at Wimbledon, but was two points from defeat against American qualifier Robert Kendrick in the second round before coming back to win in five sets. In the third round, Nadal defeated world No. 20 Andre Agassi in straight sets at Agassi's last career match at Wimbledon. Nadal also won his next three matches in straight sets, which set up his first Wimbledon final, which was against Federer, who had won this tournament the three previous years. Nadal was the first Spanish man since Manuel Santana in 1966, to reach the Wimbledon final, but Federer won the match in four sets 6–0, 7–6, 6–7, 6–3 to win his fourth consecutive Wimbledon title.
During the lead up to the US Open, Nadal played the two Masters Series tournaments in North America. He was upset in the third round of the Rogers Cup in Toronto and the quarterfinals of the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters in Cincinnati, Ohio. Nadal was seeded second at the US Open, but lost in the quarterfinals to world No. 54 Mikhail Youzhny of Russia in four sets.
Nadal played only three tournaments the remainder of the year. Joachim Johansson, ranked world No. 690, upset Nadal in the second round of the Stockholm Open 6–4, 7–6. The following week, Nadal lost to Tomáš Berdych in the quarterfinals of the year's last Masters Series tournament, the Mutua Madrileña Masters in Madrid. During the round-robin stage of the year-ending Tennis Masters Cup, Nadal lost to James Blake but defeated Nikolay Davydenko and Robredo. Because of those two victories, Nadal qualified for the semifinals, where he lost to Federer 6–4, 7–5. This was Nadal's third loss in nine career matches with Federer.
Nadal went on to become the first player since Andre Agassi in 1994–95 to finish the year as the world No. 2 in consecutive years.
Nadal started the year by playing in six hard-court tournaments. He lost in the semifinals and first round of his first two tournaments and then lost in the quarterfinals of the Australian Open to eventual runner-up Fernando González. After another quarterfinal loss at the Dubai Tennis Championships, he won the 2007 Indian Wells Masters, before Novak Djoković defeated him in the quarterfinals of the 2007 Miami Masters.
He had comparatively more success after returning to Europe to play five clay-court tournaments. He won the titles at the Masters Series Monte Carlo, the Open Sabadell Atlántico in Barcelona, and the Masters Series Internazionali BNL d'Italia in Rome, before losing to Roger Federer in the final of the Masters Series Hamburg. This defeat ended his 81-match winning streak on clay, which is the male open era record for consecutive wins on a single surface. He then rebounded to win the French Open for the third straight year, defeating Federer once again in the final.
Between the tournaments in Barcelona and Rome, Nadal defeated Federer in the "Battle of Surfaces" exhibition match in Majorca, Spain, with the tennis court being half grass and half clay.[35]
Nadal played the Artois Championships at the Queen's Club in London for the second consecutive year. As in 2006, Nadal was upset in the quarterfinals. Nadal then won consecutive five-set matches during the third and fourth rounds of Wimbledon before being beaten by Federer in the five-set final. This was Federer's first five-set match at Wimbledon since 2001.[36]
In July, Nadal won the clay court Mercedes Cup in Stuttgart, which proved to be his last title of the year. He played three important tournaments during the North American summer hard court season. He was a semifinalist at the Masters Series Rogers Cup in Montreal before losing his first match at the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was the second-seeded player at the US Open, but was defeated in the fourth round by David Ferrer.
After a month-long break from tournament tennis, Nadal played the Mutua Madrileña Masters in Madrid and the BNP Paribas Masters in Paris. David Nalbandian upset him in the quarterfinals and final of those tournaments. To end the year, Nadal won two of his three round robin matches to advance to the semifinals of the Tennis Masters Cup in Shanghai, where Federer defeated him 6–4, 6–1.
During the second half of the year, Nadal battled a knee injury suffered during the Wimbledon final. In addition, there were rumors at the end of the year that the foot injury he suffered during 2005, caused long-term damage, which were given credence by coach Toni Nadal's claim that the problem was "serious". Nadal and his spokesman strongly denied this, however, with Nadal himself calling the story "totally false".[37]
Nadal began the year in India, where he was comprehensively beaten by Mikhail Youzhny in the final of the Chennai Open. Nadal then reached the semifinals of the Australian Open for the first time. Jo-Wilfried Tsonga defeated Nadal 6–2, 6–3, 6–2 in the semifinal of 2008 Australian Open. Tsonga's semifinal performance was characterized by his powerful and precise serve, finesse volleys, and aggressive baseline play; it was a performance that drew the Melbourne crowd to their feet. Tsonga did not face a break point until the third set, while breaking the Spaniard five times in the match. Nadal also reached the final of the Miami Masters for the second time.
During the spring clay-court season, Nadal won four singles titles and defeated Roger Federer in three finals. He beat Federer at the Masters Series Monte Carlo for the third straight year, capturing his open era record fourth consecutive title there. He won in straight sets, despite Federer's holding a 4–0 lead in the second set.[38] Nadal then won his fourth consecutive title at the Open Sabadell Atlántico tournament in Barcelona. A few weeks later, Nadal won his first title at the Masters Series Hamburg, defeating Federer in the three-set final. He then won the French Open, becoming the fifth man in the open era to win a Grand Slam singles title without losing a set.[39] He defeated Federer in the final for the third straight year, but this was the most lopsided of all their matches, as Nadal only lost four games and gave Federer his first bagel since 1999.[38] This was Nadal's fourth consecutive French title, tying Björn Borg's all-time record. Nadal became the fourth male player during Open era to win the same Grand Slam singles tournament four consecutive years (the others being Borg, Pete Sampras, and Federer).
Nadal then played Federer in the final of Wimbledon for the third consecutive year, in the most anticipated match of their rivalry.[40][41] Nadal entered the final on a 23-match winning streak, including his first career grass-court title at the Artois Championships staged at the Queen's Club in London prior to Wimbledon. Federer had won his record fifth grass-court title at the Gerry Weber Open in Halle, and then reached the Wimbledon final without losing a set. Unlike their previous two Wimbledon finals, though, Federer was not the prohibitive favorite, and many analysts picked Nadal to win.[41][42] They played the longest (in terms of time on court, not in terms of numbers of games) final in Wimbledon history, and because of rain delays, Nadal won the fifth set 9–7 in near-darkness. The match was widely lauded as the greatest Wimbledon final ever, with some tennis critics even calling it the greatest match in tennis history.[43][44][45][46][47] By winning his first Wimbledon title, Nadal became the third man in the open era to win both the French Open and Wimbledon in the same year, after Rod Laver in 1969, and Borg in 1978–80, (Federer later accomplished this the following year) as well as the second Spaniard to win Wimbledon. He also ended Federer's record streak of five consecutive Wimbledon titles and 65 straight wins on grass courts. This is also the first time that Nadal won two Grand Slams back-to-back.
After Wimbledon, Nadal extended his winning streak to a career-best 32 matches. He won his second Rogers Cup title in Toronto, and then made it into the semifinals of the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters in Cincinnati, Ohio. As a result, Nadal clinched the US Open Series and, combined with Federer's early-round losses in both of those tournaments, finally earned the world No. 1 ranking on 18 August, officially ending Federer's record four-and-a-half year reign at the top.
At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Nadal defeated Novak Djoković of Serbia in the semifinals 6–4, 1–6, 6–4 and Fernando González of Chile in the final to win his first Olympic gold medal. Nadal became the first male player ranked in the top five to win the gold medal.[48]
At the US Open, Nadal was the top-seeded player for the first time at a Grand Slam tournament. He did not lose a set during his first three matches, defeating qualifiers in the first and second rounds and Viktor Troicki in the third round. He then needed four sets to defeat both Sam Querrey in the fourth round and Mardy Fish in the quarterfinals. In the semifinals, he lost to eventual runner up, Andy Murray 6–2, 7–6, 4–6, 6–4. Later in the year in Madrid, Nadal helped Spain defeat the United States in the Davis Cup semifinals.
At the Mutua Madrileña Masters in Madrid, Nadal lost in the semifinals to Gilles Simon 3–6, 7–5, 7–6. However, his performance at the event guaranteed that he would become the first Spaniard during the open era to finish the year as the world No. 1.[49] On 24 October at the Campoamor theatre in Oviedo, Spain, Nadal was given the Prince of Asturias Award for Sports, in recognition of his achievements in tennis.[50] Two weeks after the Madrid Masters at the BNP Paribas Masters in France, Nadal reached the quarterfinals, where he faced Nikolay Davydenko. Nadal lost the first set 6–1, before retiring in the second with a knee injury.[51] The following week, Nadal announced his withdrawal from the year-ending Tennis Masters Cup in Shanghai, citing tendinitis of the knee. On 10 November, Nadal withdrew from Spain's Davis Cup final against Argentina, as his knee injury had not healed completely.[52]
Nadal's first official ATP tour event for the year was the 250 series Qatar ExxonMobil Open in Doha. After his first-round match with Fabrice Santoro, Nadal was awarded the 2008 ATP World Tour Champion trophy.[53] Nadal eventually lost in the quarterfinals to Gaël Monfils. Nadal also entered and won the tournament's doubles event with partner Marc López, defeating the world No. 1 doubles team of Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić in the final. As noted by statistician Greg Sharko, this was the first time since 1990, that the world No. 1 singles player had played the world No. 1 doubles player in a final.[54]
At the 2009 Australian Open, Nadal won his first five matches without dropping a set, before defeating compatriot Fernando Verdasco in the semifinals in the second longest match in Australian Open history at 5 hours and 14 minutes.[55] This win set up a championship match with Roger Federer, their first meeting ever in a hard-court Grand Slam tournament and their nineteenth meeting overall. Nadal defeated Federer in five sets to earn his first hard-court Grand Slam singles title,[56] making him the first Spaniard to win the Australian Open and the fourth male tennis player—after Jimmy Connors, Mats Wilander, and Andre Agassi—to win Grand Slam singles titles on three different surfaces. This win also made Nadal the first male tennis player to hold three Grand Slam singles titles on three different surfaces at the same time.[57] Nadal then played the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament in Rotterdam. In the final, he lost to second-seeded Murray in three sets. During the final, Nadal called a trainer to attend to a tendon problem with his right knee, which notably affected his play in the final set.[58] Although this knee problem was not associated with Nadal's right knee tendonitis, it was serious enough to cause him to withdraw from the Barclays Dubai Tennis Championships a week later.[59]
In March, Nadal helped Spain defeat Serbia in a Davis Cup World Group first-round tie on clay in Benidorm, Spain. Nadal defeated Janko Tipsarević and Novak Djokovic. The win over world No. 3 Djokovic was Nadal's twelfth consecutive Davis Cup singles match win and boosted his career win–loss record against Djokovic to 11–4, including 6–0 on clay.[60][61]
At the 2009 Indian Wells Masters, Nadal won his thirteenth Masters 1000 series tournament. In the fourth round, Nadal saved five match points, before defeating David Nalbandian for the first time.[62] Nadal defeated Juan Martín del Potro in the quarterfinals and Andy Roddick in the semi-finals, before defeating Murray in the final. The next ATP tour event was the 2009 Miami Masters. Nadal advanced to the quarterfinals, where he again faced Argentinian del Potro, this time losing the match. This was the first time del Potro had defeated Nadal in five career matches.[63]
Nadal began his European clay court season at the 2009 Monte Carlo Masters, where he won a record fifth consecutive singles title there.[64] He defeated Novak Djokovic in the final for his fifth consecutive win, a record in the open era. Nadal is the first male player to win the same ATP Master series event for five consecutive years.
Nadal then competed in the ATP 500 event in Barcelona. He advanced to his fifth consecutive Barcelona final, where he faced David Ferrer. Nadal went on to beat Ferrer 6–2, 7–5 to record five consecutive Barcelona victories.[65] At the Rome Masters, Nadal reached the final, where he defeated Novak Djokovic to improve his overall record to 13–4 and clay record to 8–0 against the Serb.[66] He became the first player to win four Rome titles.
After winning two clay-court Masters, he participated in the Madrid Open. He lost to Roger Federer 4–6, 4–6 in the final. This was the first time that Nadal had lost to Federer since the semifinals of the 2007 Tennis Masters Cup.
On 19 May, the ATP World Tour announced that Nadal was the first player out of eight to qualify for the 2009 ATP World Tour Finals, to be played at the O2 Arena in London.[67]
By beating Lleyton Hewitt in the third round of 2009 French Open, Nadal (2005–09 French Open) set a record of 31 consecutive wins at Roland Garros, beating the previous record of 28 by Björn Borg (1978–81 French Open). Nadal had won 32 consecutive sets at Roland Garros (since winning the last 2 sets at the 2007 French Open final against Federer), the second-longest winning streak in the tournament's history behind Björn Borg's record of 41 consecutive sets. This run came to an end on 31 May 2009, when Nadal lost to eventual runner-up, Robin Söderling in the 4th round. The Swede triumphed 6–2, 6–7, 6–4, 7–6. This was Nadal's first loss at the French Open.
After his surprise defeat at Roland Garros, Nadal withdrew from the AEGON Championships. It was confirmed that Nadal was suffering from tendinitis in both of his knees.[68] On 19 June, Nadal withdrew from the 2009 Wimbledon Championship, citing his recurring knee injury.[69] He was the first champion to not defend the title since Goran Ivanišević in 2001.[69] Roger Federer went on to win the title, and Nadal consequently dropped back to world No. 2 on 6 July 2009. Nadal later announced his withdrawal from the Davis Cup.
On 4 August, Nadal's uncle, Toni Nadal, confirmed that Nadal would return to play at the Rogers Cup in Montreal.[70] There, in his first tournament since Roland Garros, Nadal lost in the quarterfinals to Juan Martín del Potro.[71] With this loss, he relinquished the No. 2 spot to Andy Murray on 17 August 2009, ranking outside the top two for the first time since 25 July 2005.
In the quarterfinals of the US Open he defeated Fernando González 7–6, 7–6, 6–0 in a rain-delayed encounter.[72] However, like his previous US Open campaign, he fell in the semifinals, this time losing to eventual champion Juan Martín del Potro 2–6, 2–6, 2–6.[73] Despite the loss, he regained his No. 2 ranking after Andy Murray's early exit.[74]
At the World Tour Finals, Nadal lost all three of his matches against Robin Söderling, Nikolay Davydenko, and Novak Djokovic respectively without winning a set.
In December, Nadal participated in the second Davis Cup final of his career. He defeated Czech No. 2 Tomáš Berdych in his first singles rubber to give the Spanish Davis Cup Team their first point in the tie. After the Spanish Davis Cup team had secured its fourth Davis Cup victory, Nadal defeated Jan Hájek in the first Davis Cup dead rubber of his career. The win gave Nadal his 14th consecutive singles victory at Davis Cup (his 13th on clay).
Nadal finished the year as No. 2 for the fourth time in five years. Nadal won the Golden Bagel Award for 2009, with nine 6–0 sets during the year. Nadal has won the award three times (a tour record).
Nadal began the year by participating in the Capitala World Tennis Championship in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. He defeated compatriot David Ferrer 7–6, 6–3 to reach his second final in the exhibition tournament. In the final, Nadal defeated Robin Söderling 7–6, 7–5.[75]
Nadal participated in an Australian Open warm-up tournament, the Qatar ExxonMobil Open ATP 250 event in Doha, where he lost in the finals to Nikolay Davydenko 6–0, 6–7, 4–6.[76][76]
In the first round of the Australian Open, Nadal defeated Peter Luczak of Australia 7–6, 6–1, 6–4. In the second round, he beat Lukáš Lacko 6–2, 6–2, 6–2. In the third round, he was tested by Philipp Kohlschreiber, finally beating him 6–4, 6–2, 2–6, 7–5. In the fourth round, he beat Ivo Karlović of Croatia, 6–4, 4–6, 6–4, 6–4.[77] In the quarterfinals, Nadal pulled out at 3–0 down in the third set against Andy Murray, having lost the first two sets 6–3, 7–6.[78] After examining Nadal's knees, doctors told him that he should take two weeks of rest, and then two weeks of rehabilitation.
Nadal reached the semifinals in singles at the BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells, where he was the defending champion; however, eventual champion Ivan Ljubičić defeated him in three sets.[79] He and countryman López won the doubles title, though, as wildcard entrants against number one seeds Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić.[80] This boosted his doubles ranking 175 places[81] to world number 66, whereas he was 241st before Indian Wells.[82] After Indian Wells, Nadal reached the semifinals of the Sony Ericsson Open, where he lost to eventual champion Andy Roddick in three sets.[83]
Nadal reached the final of the Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters in Monaco, after beating fellow Spaniard David Ferrer 6–3, 6–2 in the semifinals. This was Nadal's first tour final since Doha earlier in the year. He won the final 6–0, 6–1 over his compatriot Fernando Verdasco. He lost 14 games throughout all five matches, the fewest he had ever lost en route to a championship, and the final was the shortest Masters 1000 final in terms of games. With this win, Nadal became the first player in the open era to win a tournament title for six straight years.[84]
Unlike in previous years, Nadal next chose to skip the Barcelona tournament (despite being that event's five-time defending champion), and his next tournament was the 2010 Internazionali BNL d'Italia. He defeated Philipp Kohlschreiber, Victor Hănescu, and Stanlias Wawrinka, all in straight sets, to win his 57th straight match in April. In the semis, he faced a resilient Ernests Gulbis, who defeated Roger Federer earlier in the tournament and took Nadal to three sets for the first time this clay-court season. Nadal eventually prevailed with a 6–4, 3–6, 6–4 in 2 hours and 40minutes. He then defeated compatriot David Ferrer in the final 7–5, 6–2 for his fifth title at Rome to equal Andre Agassi's record of winning 17 ATP Masters titles.
Nadal then entered the 2010 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open, where he had finished runner-up the previous year. Being one of the top eight seeds, he received a bye in the first round. In the second round, he defeated qualifier Oleksandr Dolgopolov Jr in straight sets. He then played the six-foot-nine-inch American John Isner. Nadal comfortably came through in straight sets, 7–5, 6–4. He defeated Gaël Monfils in the quarterfinals 6–1, 6–3 and his countryman Nicolás Almagro in the next round, who was playing in his first Masters 1000 semifinal, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2. The first set of his match against Almagro would be just the second set he lost on clay up to this point in 2010. Nadal then defeated longtime rival Roger Federer 6–4, 7–6, avenging his 2009 finals loss to Federer. The win gave him his 18th Masters title, breaking the all-time record. He became the first player to win all three clay-court Masters titles in a single year and the first player to win three consecutive Masters events. Nadal moved back to No. 2 the following day.
Entering the French Open, many were expecting another Nadal-Federer final. However, this became impossible when rival Robin Söderling defeated Federer 3–6, 6–3, 7–5, 6–4 in the quarterfinals.[85] The failure of Federer to reach the semifinals allowed Nadal to regain the world No. 1 ranking if he were to win the tournament. Nadal advanced to the final and defeated Soderling 6–4, 6–2, 6–4 to win the French Open. The win gave Nadal his seventh Grand Slam, tying him with John McEnroe, John Newcombe, and Mats Wilander on the all-time list, and allowed Nadal to reclaim the position of world No. 1, denying his biggest rival Roger Federer the all-time record for weeks at No. 1.[86][87] By this win, Nadal became the first man to win the three Masters series on clay and the French Open. This was dubbed by the media as the "Clay Slam". This victory at Roland Garros marked the second time (2008) that Nadal had won the French Open without dropping a single set (tying the record held by Björn Borg). With the win in Paris he also booked his place at the World Tour Finals in London and became the first player to win five French Open titles in six years.
In June, Nadal entered the AEGON Championships, which he had won in 2008, at the prestigious Queen's Club. He played singles and doubles at this grass court tournament as a warmup for Wimbledon. Being one of the top eight seeds, he received a bye in the first round. In the second round, where he played his first match on grass since winning Wimbledon 2008, he defeated Marcos Daniel easily, 6–2, 6–2. In the third round, he played Denis Istomin of Uzbekistan, whom he defeated 7–6, 4–6, 6–4, to advance to the quarterfinals. However, he was defeated by compatriot Feliciano López 6–7, 4–6.
At the Wimbledon, Nadal beat Kei Nishikori 6–2, 6–4, 6–4. Nadal was taken to the limit by Robin Haase winning 5–7, 6–2, 3–6, 6–0, 6–3. He defeated Philipp Petzschner in the third round. The match was a 5-set thriller, with Nadal triumphing 6–4, 4–6, 6–7, 6–2, 6–3. During his match with Petzschner, Nadal was warned twice for receiving coaching from his coach and uncle, Toni Nadal, resulting in a $2000 fine by Wimbledon officials. Allegedly, encouraging words for Nadal shouted during the match were some sort of coaching code signal.[88][89] He met Paul-Henri Mathieu of France in the round of 16 and comfortably beat Mathieu 6–4, 6–2, 6–2. In the quarterfinals, he got past Robin Söderling of Sweden in four sets 3–6, 6–3, 7–6, 6–1. He defeated Andy Murray in straight sets 6–4, 7–6, 6–4 to reach his fourth Wimbledon final.
Nadal won the 2010 Wimbledon men's title by defeating Tomáš Berdych in straight sets 6–3, 7–5, 6–4. After the win, Nadal said "it is more than a dream for me" and thanked the crowd for being both kind and supportive to him and his adversary during the match and in the semifinal against Andy Murray.[90] The win gave him a second Wimbledon title and an eighth career major title[91] just past the age of 24.[92] The win also gave Nadal his first "Old World Triple"; the last person to achieve this was Björn Borg in 1978 ("Old World Triple" is a term given to winning the Italian Open, French Open, and Wimbledon in the same year).
In his first hard-court tournament since Wimbledon, Nadal advanced to the semifinals of the Rogers Cup, along with No. 2 Novak Djokovic, No. 3 Roger Federer, and No. 4 Andy Murray, after coming back from a one-set deficit to defeat Philipp Kohlschreiber of Germany, 3–6, 6–3, 6–4.[93] In the semifinal, defending champion Murray defeated Nadal 6–3, 6–4, becoming the only player to triumph over the Spaniard twice in 2010.[94] Nadal also competed in the doubles with Djokovic in a one-time, high-profile partnership of the world No. 1 and No. 2, the first such team since the Jimmy Connors and Arthur Ashe team in 1976.[95] However, Nadal and Djokovic lost in the first round to Canadians Milos Raonic and Vasek Pospisil. The next week, Nadal was the top seed at the Cincinnati Masters, losing in the quarterfinals to 2006 Australian Open finalist Marcos Baghdatis.
At the 2010 US Open, Nadal was the top seed for the second time in three years. He defeated Teymuraz Gabashvili, Denis Istomin, Gilles Simon, number 23 seed Feliciano López, number 8 seed Fernando Verdasco, and number 12 seed Mikhail Youzhny all without dropping a set, to reach his first US Open final, becoming only the eighth man in the Open Era to reach the final of all four majors, and at age 24 the second youngest ever to do so, behind only Jim Courier. In the final, he defeated Novak Djokovic 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–2 which completed the Career Grand Slam for Nadal and he became the second male after Andre Agassi to complete a Career Golden Slam.[96] Nadal also became the first man to win grand slams on clay, grass, and hard court in the same year, and the first to win the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open in the same year since Rod Laver in 1969. Nadal and Mats Wilander are the only male players to win at least two Grand Slams each on clay, grass, and hardcourts in their careers. Nadal also became the first left-handed man to win the US Open since John McEnroe in 1984.[97] Nadal's victory also clinched the year-end No. 1 ranking for 2010, making Nadal only the third player (after Ivan Lendl in 1989 and Roger Federer in 2009) to regain the year-end number one ranking after having lost it.[98]
Nadal began his Asian tour at the 2010 PTT Thailand Open in Bangkok where he reached the semifinals, losing to compatriot Guillermo García López. Nadal was able to regroup, and at the 2010 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships in Tokyo (debut), he defeated Santiago Giraldo, Milos Raonic, and Dmitry Tursunov. In the semifinals against Viktor Troicki, Nadal saved two match points in the deciding set tiebreaker to win it 9–7 in the end. In the final, Nadal comfortably defeated Gaël Monfils 6–1, 7–5 for his seventh title of the season.
Nadal next played in the 2010 Shanghai Rolex Masters in Shanghai, where he was the top seed, but lost to world No. 12 Jürgen Melzer in the third round, snapping his record streak of 21 consecutive Masters quarterfinals. On the 5 November, Nadal announced that he was pulling out of the Paris Masters due to tendinitis in his left shoulder.[99] On 21 November 2010, in London, Nadal won the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award for the first time.[100]
At the 2010 ATP World Tour Finals in London, Nadal defeated Roddick 3–6, 7–6, 6–4 in the first match, Djokovic 7–5, 6–2 in the second match, and Berdych 7–6, 6–1 in the third match, to advance to the semifinals for the third time in his career. This is the first time that Nadal achieved three wins in the round-robin stage. In the semifinal, he defeated Murray 7–6, 3–6, 7–6 in a hard-fought match to reach his first final at the tournament. In only their second meeting of the year, Federer beat Nadal in the final by a score of 6–3, 3–6, 6–1. After the match, Nadal stated: "Roger is probably the more complete player of the world. I'm not going to say I lost that match because I was tired." This was a reference to his marathon victory over Murray on Saturday. "I tried my best this afternoon, but Roger was simply better than me."[101]
Nadal ended the 2010 season having won three Slams and three Masters 1000 tournaments, and having regained the No. 1 ranking.
Next up for Nadal was a two-match exhibition against Federer for the Roger Federer Foundation. The first match took place in Zürich on 21 December 2010, and the second in Madrid the next day.
Nadal started 2011, by participating in the Mubadala World Tennis Championship in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. He defeated Tomáš Berdych, 6–4, 6–4, to reach his third final in the exhibition tournament. In the final, he won over his main rival Roger Federer, 7–6, 7–6.
At the Qatar ExxonMobil Open ATP 250 event in Doha, Qatar, Nadal barely struggled past his first three opponents, Karol Beck, 6–3, 6–0, Lukáš Lacko, 7–6, 0–6, 6–3, and Ernests Gulbis, 7–6, 6–3, citing fever as the primary reason for his poor performance. He fell in straight sets to a resurgent Nikolay Davydenko in the semifinals, 3–6, 2–6.[102] He and countryman López won the doubles title by defeating the Italian duo Daniele Bracciali and Andreas Seppi, 6–3, 7–6.[103]
In the first round of the Australian Open, Nadal defeated Marcos Daniel of Brazil 6–0, 5–0 ret. In the second round, he beat upcoming qualifier Ryan Sweeting of the United States 6–2, 6–1, 6–1. In the third round, he was tested by emerging player Bernard Tomic of Australia, who previously ousted Nadal's countryman Feliciano López, but Nadal was victorious 6–2, 7–5, 6–3. He went on to defeat Marin Čilić of Croatia 6–2, 6–4, 6–3, in the fourth round. He suffered an apparent hamstring injury against fellow Spaniard David Ferrer early in the pair's quarterfinal match and ultimately lost in straight sets 4–6, 2–6, 3–6, thus ending his effort to win four major tournaments in a row.[104]
On 7 February 2011, in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Nadal won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year for the first time, ahead of footballer Lionel Messi, Sebastian Vettel, Spain's Andres Iniesta, Lakers basketball player Kobe Bryant, and Filipino boxer Manny Pacquiao.[105]
In March, Nadal helped Spain defeat Belgium in a 2011 Davis Cup World Group first-round tie on hard indoor courts in the Spiroudome in Charleroi, Belgium. Nadal defeated Ruben Bemelmans 6–2, 6–4, 6–2.[106] After Spain's victory in three matches, Nadal played a second dead rubber against Olivier Rochus and won 6–4, 6–2.[107]
At the 2011 BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells, Nadal defeated upcoming qualifier Rik de Voest of South Africa 6–0, 6–2, in his first match. In the third round, he beat qualifier Ryan Sweeting, 6–3, 6–1. He then defeated Indian qualifier Somdev Devvarman, 7–5, 6–4, in the fourth round. In the quarterfinals, Nadal had a hard time against Croatian Ivo Karlovic, but won 5–7, 6–1, 7–6, and in the semifinals he met Argentine Juan Martin del Potro, back from a long injury. The last three confrontations between the players were in favor of del Potro, but despite some difficulties, Nadal won 6–4, 6–4. He reached his third final at Indian Wells, and in the final lost against Novak Djokovic, 6–4, 3–6, 2–6.[108] The next day, Nadal and Djokovic played a friendly match in Bogota, Colombia, which Nadal won.[109]
Nadal started the 2011 Sony Ericsson Open with a win over Japanese player Kei Nishikori, 6–4, 6–4, then met his compatriot Feliciano Lopez in the third round, whom he defeated 6–3, 6–3. In the fourth round, he defeated Alexandr Dolgopolov of Ukraine, 6–1, 6–2. In the quarterfinals, Nadal had the first real test of the tournament when he met the world no. 7 Tomas Berdych. After a good first set, Nadal's level of play fell significantly due to an injured right shoulder, and he lost the second set. He eventually triumphed, 6–2, 3–6, 6–3. In the semifinals, Nadal met his main rival Roger Federer, their first meeting in a semifinal since the 2007 Masters Cup. Nadal was swiftly victorious, 6–3, 6–2; this match was one of the fastest matches played on hard courts. For the second time in two weeks, Nadal faced Novak Djokovic in the final. As in the Indian Wells tournament, Nadal won the first set, and Djokovic the second. The third set ended in a tiebreak, with Djokovic winning the match, 4–6, 6–3, 7–6.[110] This is the first time Nadal reached the finals of Indian Wells and Miami in the same year.
Nadal began his clay-court season in style, winning the 2011 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters with the loss of just one set. Nadal defeated Jarkko Nieminen, 6–2, 6–2, Richard Gasquet, 6–2, 6–4, Ivan Ljubičić, 6–1, 6–3, and Andy Murray, 6–4, 2–6, 6–1, in the semifinals to reach his seventh consecutive final in Monte Carlo. In the final, Nadal avenged his defeat by David Ferrer in the quarterfinals of the 2011 Australian Open and won the match, 6–4, 7–5. He was the first man to win the same tournament seven times in a row at the ATP level in the open era.[111] Nadal chalked up his 37th straight win at the clay-court event, where he has not lost since the 2003 Monte Carlo Masters. It was his 44th career title and 19th at a Masters event.[112] It was his first title since winning the Japan Open. Nadal shares third place with Björn Borg and Manuel Orantes in the list of players with the most titles on clay.[113]
Just a week later, Nadal won his sixth Barcelona Open crown, winning the 2011 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell final in straight sets. He won the final over Ferrer, 6–2, 6–4. In doing so, Nadal became the first man in the open era to have won two tournaments at least six times each. Nadal was then the leader in terms of matches won in the year, with 29. He did not gain any points for this victory, however, as only four ATP 500 tournaments can be counted towards a players ranking at one time, but they will go into effect 8 August 2011, when the result of the 2010 Legg Mason Tennis Classic expires.[114]
At the Madrid in May, he defeated Marcos Baghdatis, had a walkover against Juan Martin del Potro, and defeated Michael Llodra and Roger Federer, before losing the final to Novak Djokovic, 5–7, 4–6.[115]
Nadal lost in straight sets to Novak Djokovic in the Rome Masters final, 4–6, 4–6.[116] This marked the first time that Nadal has lost twice on clay to the same player in a single season.[117] However, Nadal retained his no. 1 ranking during the clay-court season and won his sixth French Open title by defeating Roger Federer, 7–5, 7–6, 5–7, 6–1.[118]
At Wimbledon, Nadal beat Michael Russell in the first round, 6–4, 6–2, 6–2, Ryan Sweeting, 6–3, 6–2, 6–4, in the second round, and Gilles Muller, 7–6, 7–6, 6–0, in the third round. He then faced former US Open Champion Juan Martin del Potro in the fourth round, prevailing 7–6, 3–6, 7–6, 6–4. He then faced tenth-seeded Mardy Fish in the quarterfinals, prevailing in four sets, 6–3, 6–3, 5–7, 6–4. His semifinal opponent was world no. 4 Andy Murray. Murray took the first set, but Nadal upped his game and won in four sets, 5–7, 6–2, 6–2, 6–4. This set up a final against world no. 2 Novak Djokovic, who had beaten Nadal in all four of their matches in 2011 (all in Masters finals). Djokovic broke in the 10th game of the first set to take it 6–4; he then won the second comfortably 6–1, but Nadal fought back, breaking early in the third to win it 6–1. In a tense fourth set, Djokovic broke in the ninth game and clinched the title, with Nadal losing 4–6, 1–6, 6–1, 3–6. This was the first Grand Slam final that Nadal had lost to someone other than Roger Federer and his first loss at Wimbledon since his five-set loss to Federer in the 2007 final. The loss ended Nadal's winning streak in Grand Slam finals at seven, preventing him from tying the Open-Era record of eight victories in a row set by Pete Sampras. Djokovic's success at the tournament also meant that the Serb ascended to world no. 1 for the first time, breaking the dominance of Federer and Nadal on the position, which one of them had held for every week since 2 February 2004. Nadal fell to world no. 2 in the rankings for the first time since June 2010.
After resting for a month from a foot injury sustained during Wimbledon, he contested the 2011 Rogers Cup, where he was shocked by Croatian Ivan Dodig in a third-set tiebreak. He next played in the 2011 Cincinnati Masters, where he lost to Mardy Fish in the quarterfinals.
At the 2011 US Open, Nadal defeated Andrey Golubev in straight sets and advanced to the third round after Frenchman Nicholas Mahut retired. After defeating David Nalbandian on September 4, Nadal collapsed in his post-match press conference due to severe cramps.[119] Nadal lost to Novak Djokovic in the final in four sets 2–6, 4–6, 7–6, 1–6.
After the US Open, Nadal made the final of the Japan Open Tennis Championships. Nadal, who was the 2010 champion, was defeated by Andy Murray, 6–3, 2–6, 0–6. At the Shanghai Masters, Nadal was top seed with the absence of Novak Djokovic, but was upset in the third round by no. 23 ranked Florian Mayer in straight sets, 6–7, 3–6. At the 2011 ATP World Tour Finals, Nadal was defeated by Roger Federer in the round-robin stage, 3–6, 0–6 in one of the quickest matches between the two, lasting just 60 minutes. In the following match, Nadal was defeated by Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, 6–7, 6–4, 3–6, and was eliminated from the tournament.
In the Davis Cup final in December, Nadal had a quick straight-set win over Juan Monaco in his first match. In his second match against Juan Martin del Potro Nadal did not win a single service game in the first set but came back to win the match 1–6, 6–4, 6–1, 7–6(0).[120]
Nadal ended his tennis season with the Mubadala World Tennis Championship, an exhibition tournament not affiliated with the ATP. The tournament, normally held in early January, was held from December 29 to December 31, 2011. Nadal had a bye into the semifinals and played against David Ferrer, who defeated Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the quarterfinals.[121] Ferrer won the match in straight sets 6–3, 6–2.[122] Nadal was then relegated to the third place match against Roger Federer. Nadal dominated the first set, and Federer made an attempt to claim the second set but failed, winning the match with a score of 6–1, 7–5.
Federer and Nadal have been playing each other since 2004, and their rivalry is a significant part of both men's careers.[43][123][124][125][126]
They held the top two rankings on the ATP Tour from July 2005 until 14 September 2009, when Nadal fell to World No. 3 (Andy Murray became the new No. 2).[127] They are the only pair of men to have ever finished four consecutive calendar years at the top.[citation needed] Nadal ascended to No. 2 in July 2005 and held this spot for a record 160 consecutive weeks before surpassing Federer in August 2008.[128]
They have played 28 times, and Nadal leads their head-to-head series 18–10 overall and 8–2 in Grand Slam tournaments. Fourteen of their matches have been on clay, which is statistically Nadal's best surface and statistically Federer's worst surface.[129] Federer has a winning record on grass (2–1) and indoor hard courts (4–0) while Nadal leads the outdoor hard courts by 5–2 and clay by 12–2.[130]
Because tournament seedings are based on rankings, 19 of their matches have been in tournament finals, including an all-time record 8 Grand Slam finals.[131] From 2006 to 2008, they played in every French Open and Wimbledon final, and then they met in the 2009 Australian Open final and the 2011 French Open final.[citation needed] Nadal won six of the eight, losing the first two Wimbledons. Three of these matches were five set-matches (2007 and 2008 Wimbledon, 2009 Australian Open), and the 2008 Wimbledon final has been lauded as the greatest match ever by many long-time tennis analysts.[44][132][133][134] They have also played in a record 9 Masters Series finals.[citation needed]
Djokovic and Nadal have met 32 times (which is the sixth-most head-to-head meetings in the Open Era)[135] with Nadal having a 18–14 advantage.[136] Nadal leads on grass 2–1 and clay 11–2, but Djokovic leads on hard courts 11–5.[136] This rivalry is listed as the third greatest rivalry in the last decade by ATPworldtour.com[137] and is considered by many to be the emerging rivalry.[138][139] Djokovic is one of only two players to have at least ten match wins against Nadal (the other being Federer) and the only person to defeat Nadal seven consecutive times and two times consecutively on clay.[140] The two share the record for the longest match played in a best of three sets (4 hours and 3 minutes), at the 2009 Mutua Madrid Open semi-finals.[citation needed] In the 2011 Wimbledon final, Djokovic won in four sets 6–4, 6–1, 1–6, 6–3, for his first slam final over Nadal.[141] Djokovic also defeated Nadal in the 2011 US Open Final. In 2012, Djokovic defeated Nadal in the Australian Open final for a third consecutive slam final win over Nadal. This was the longest Grand Slam final in Open era history at 5 hrs, 53 mins.[142] Nadal won their last two meetings in the final of Monte Carlo Masters and Rome Masters in April and in May 2012, respectively.[143]
To prevent confusion and double counting, information in this table is updated only once a tournament or the player's participation in the tournament has concluded. This table is current through the 2012 Australian Open.
Tournament | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | SR | W–L | Win % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grand Slam Tournaments | ||||||||||||||
Australian Open | A | 3R | 4R | A | QF | SF | W | QF | QF | F | 1 / 8 | 35–7 | 83.33 | |
French Open | A | A | W | W | W | W | 4R | W | W | 6 / 7 | 45–1 | 97.83 | ||
Wimbledon | 3R | A | 2R | F | F | W | A | W | F | 2 / 7 | 35–5 | 87.50 | ||
US Open | 2R | 2R | 3R | QF | 4R | SF | SF | W | F | 1 / 9 | 34–8 | 80.95 | ||
Win–Loss | 3–2 | 3–2 | 13–3 | 17–2 | 20–3 | 24–2 | 15–2 | 25–1 | 23–3 | 6–1 | 10 / 31 | 149–21 | 87.65 |
Outcome | Year | Championship | Surface | Opponent in the final | Score in the final |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Winner | 2005 | French Open | Clay | Mariano Puerta | 6–7(6–8), 6–3, 6–1, 7–5 |
Winner | 2006 | French Open (2) | Clay | Roger Federer | 1–6, 6–1, 6–4, 7–6(7–4) |
Runner-up | 2006 | Wimbledon | Grass | Roger Federer | 0–6, 6–7(5–7), 7–6(7–2), 3–6 |
Winner | 2007 | French Open (3) | Clay | Roger Federer | 6–3, 4–6, 6–3, 6–4 |
Runner-up | 2007 | Wimbledon (2) | Grass | Roger Federer | 6–7(7–9), 6–4, 6–7(3–7), 6–2, 2–6 |
Winner | 2008 | French Open (4) | Clay | Roger Federer | 6–1, 6–3, 6–0 |
Winner | 2008 | Wimbledon | Grass | Roger Federer | 6–4, 6–4, 6–7(5–7), 6–7(8–10), 9–7 |
Winner | 2009 | Australian Open | Hard | Roger Federer | 7–5, 3–6, 7–6(7–3), 3–6, 6–2 |
Winner | 2010 | French Open (5) | Clay | Robin Söderling | 6–4, 6–2, 6–4 |
Winner | 2010 | Wimbledon (2) | Grass | Tomáš Berdych | 6–3, 7–5, 6–4 |
Winner | 2010 | US Open | Hard | Novak Djokovic | 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–2 |
Winner | 2011 | French Open (6) | Clay | Roger Federer | 7–5, 7–6(7–3), 5–7, 6–1 |
Runner-up | 2011 | Wimbledon (3) | Grass | Novak Djokovic | 4–6, 1–6, 6–1, 3–6 |
Runner-up | 2011 | US Open | Hard | Novak Djokovic | 2–6, 4–6, 7–6(7–3), 1–6 |
Runner-up | 2012 | Australian Open | Hard | Novak Djokovic | 7–5, 4–6, 2–6, 7–6(7–5), 5–7 |
Tournament | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | SR | W–L | Win % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year-End Championship Tournaments | |||||||||||||||||
YEC | A | A | A | A | SF | SF | A | RR | F | RR | 0 / 5 | 9–10 | 47.37 |
Outcome | Year | Championship | Surface | Opponent in the final | Score in the final |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Runner-up | 2010 | 2010 ATP World Tour Finals | Hard | Roger Federer | 3–6, 6–3, 1–6 |
Outcome | Year | Championship | Surface | Opponent in the final | Score in the final |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Winner | 2008 | Beijing Olympics | Hard | Fernando González | 6–3, 7–6(7–2), 6–3 |
Tournament | Since | Record accomplished | Players matched |
---|---|---|---|
All | 1877 | 8 consecutive titles at any single tournament | Stands alone |
Monte Carlo Masters | 1897 | 8 men's singles titles | Stands alone |
French Open | 1925 | 6 men's singles titles | Björn Borg |
Rome Masters | 1930 | 6 men's singles titles | Stands alone |
Barcelona Open | 1953 | 7 men's singles titles | Stands alone |
Time span | Selected Grand Slam tournament records | Players matched |
---|---|---|
2005 French Open — 2010 US Open |
Career Golden Slam | Andre Agassi |
2005 French Open — 2010 US Open |
Career Grand Slam | Rod Laver Andre Agassi Roger Federer |
2005 French Open — 2010 US Open |
2+ titles on grass, clay and hard courts[144] | Mats Wilander |
2005 French Open — 2010 US Open |
Youngest to achieve a Career Grand Slam (24)[144][145] | Stands alone |
2010 French Open — 2010 US Open |
Winner of Majors on clay, grass and hard court in calendar year | Stands alone |
2010 French Open — 2010 US Open |
Winner of three consecutive Majors in calendar year | Rod Laver |
2007 French Open — 2010 US Open |
4 finals reached without losing a set[a] | Bjorn Borg |
2010 French Open — 2010 US Open |
Simultaneous holder of Majors on clay, grass and hard court | Roger Federer |
2008 Olympics — 2010 US Open |
Simultaneous holder of Olympic singles gold medal and Majors on clay, grass and hard court | Stands alone |
2008 Wimbledon — 2008 Olympics |
Simultaneous holder of Olympic singles gold medal and Wimbledon | Stands alone |
2008 French Open — 2009 Australian Open |
Simultaneous holder of Olympic singles gold medal and three Majors | Andre Agassi |
2008 Olympics — 2010 US Open |
Simultaneous holder of Olympic singles gold medal and clay & hard court Majors | Andre Agassi |
2011 Wimbledon — 2012 Australian Open |
Three consecutive runner-up finishes[146][147] | Stands alone |
Grand Slam tournaments | Time Span | Records at each Grand Slam tournament | Players matched |
---|---|---|---|
French Open | 2005–2011 | 6 titles overall[148] | Björn Borg |
French Open | 2005–2011 | 6 titles in 7 years | Stands alone |
French Open | 2005–2008 | 4 consecutive titles[148] | Björn Borg |
French Open | 2005–2008, 2010–2011 |
6 finals overall | Björn Borg |
French Open | 2005–2008 | 4 consecutive finals | Björn Borg Ivan Lendl Roger Federer |
French Open | 2005–2009 | 31 consecutive match wins[148] | Stands alone |
French Open | 2005–2011 | 97.92% (47–1) match winning percentage | Stands alone |
French Open | 2008, 2010 | 2 wins without losing a set[148] | Björn Borg |
French Open | 2005 | Won title on the first attempt | Mats Wilander |
French Open—Wimbledon | 2008, 2010 | Accomplished a "Channel Slam": Winning both tournaments in the same year | Rod Laver Björn Borg Roger Federer |
Time span | Selected Masters tournament records | Players matched |
---|---|---|
2005–2012 | 21 Masters 1000 titles overall[149] | Stands alone |
2005–2012 | 16 Masters 1000 clay court titles | Stands alone |
2010 | Clay Slam[b] | Stands alone |
2005–2012 | 8 consecutive years winning 1+ title | Stands alone |
2005–2012 | 83.03% (230–47) winning percentage[150] | Stands alone |
Time span | Other selected records | Players matched |
---|---|---|
2005–2007 | 81 consecutive clay court match victories | Stands alone |
2002–2012 | 92.91% (249–19) clay court match winning percentage[151] | Stands alone |
2002–2012 | 85.20% (524–91) outdoor court match winning percentage[152] | Stands alone |
2005–2012 | 7+ titles at 2 different tournaments[153] | Stands alone |
2005–2012 | 8 titles overall at a single tournament (Monte Carlo) | Guillermo Vilas |
2005–2012 | 8 consecutive titles at a single tournament (Monte Carlo)[154] | Stands alone |
Nadal generally plays an aggressive, behind-the-baseline game founded on heavy topspin groundstrokes, consistency, speedy footwork and tenacious court coverage thus making him an aggressive counterpuncher.[155] Known for his athleticism and speed around the court, Nadal is an excellent defender[156] who hits well on the run, constructing winning plays from seemingly defensive positions. He also plays very fine dropshots, which work especially well because his heavy topspin often forces opponents to the back of the court.[157]
Nadal employs a full western grip forehand, often with a "lasso-whip" follow through, where his left arm hits through the ball and finishes above his left shoulder – as opposed to a more traditional finish across the body or around his opposite shoulder.[158][159] Nadal's forehand groundstroke form allows him to hit shots with heavy topspin – more so than many of his contemporaries.[160] San Francisco tennis researcher John Yandell used a high-speed video camera and special software to count the average number of revolutions of a tennis ball hit full force by Nadal. "The first guys we did were Sampras and Agassi. They were hitting forehands that in general were spinning about 1,800 to 1,900 revolutions per minute. Federer is hitting with an amazing amount of spin, too, right? 2,700 revolutions per minute. Well, we measured one forehand Nadal hit at 4,900. His average was 3,200."[161] While Nadal's shots tend to land short of the baseline, the characteristically high bounces his forehands achieve tend to mitigate the advantage an opponent would normally gain from capitalizing on a short ball.[162] Although his forehand is based on heavy topspin, he can hit the ball deep and flat with a more orthodox follow through for clean winners.
Nadal's serve was initially considered a weak point in his game, although his improvements in both first-serve points won and break points saved since 2005 have allowed him to consistently compete for and win major titles on faster surfaces. Nadal relies on the consistency of his serve to gain a strategic advantage in points, rather than going for service winners.[163] However, before the 2010 US Open, he altered his service motion, arriving in the trophy pose earlier and pulling the racket lower during the trophy pose. Before the 2010 U.S. Open, Nadal modified his service grip to a more continental one. These two changes in his serve increased his average speed by around 10 mph during the 2010 US Open, maxing out at 135 mph (217 km), allowing him to win more free points on his serve.[164] However, since the 2010 US Open, Nadal's serve speed has dropped back down to previous levels and has again been cited as a need for improvement.[165][166][167]
Nadal is a clay court specialist in the sense that he has been extremely successful on that surface. Since 2005, he won six times at Roland Garros, eight times at Monte Carlo and five at Rome. However, Nadal has shed that label due to his success on other surfaces, including holding Grand Slams simultaneously on grass, hard courts, and clay on two separate occasions, winning five Masters series titles on hardcourt, and winning the Olympic gold medal on hardcourt.[155][168] Despite praise for Nadal's talent and skill, some have questioned his longevity in the sport, citing his build and playing style as conducive to injury.[169] Nadal himself has admitted to the physical toll hard courts place on ATP Tour players, calling for a reevaluated tour schedule featuring fewer hard court tournaments.[170]
Nadal has appeared in advertising campaigns for Kia Motors as a global ambassador for the company. In May 2008, Kia released a claymation viral ad featuring Nadal in a tennis match with an alien. Nadal also has an endorsement agreement with Universal DVDs.[171]
Nike serves as Nadal's clothing and shoe sponsor. Nadal's signature on-court attire entailed a variety of sleeveless shirts paired with 3/4 length capri pants.[172] For the 2009 season, Nadal adopted more-traditional on-court apparel. Nike encouraged Nadal to update his look in order to reflect his new status as the sport's top player at that time[173] and associate Nadal with a style that, while less distinctive than his "pirate" look, would be more widely emulated by consumers.[174][175] At warmup tournaments in Abu Dhabi and Doha, Nadal played matches in a polo shirt specifically designed for him by Nike,[176] paired with shorts cut above the knee. Nadal's new, more conventional style carried over to the 2009 Australian Open, where he was outfitted with Nike's Bold Crew Men's Tee[177] and Nadal Long Check Shorts.[178][179][180] Nadal wears Nike's Air CourtBallistec 2.3 tennis shoes,[181] bearing various customizations throughout the season, including his nickname "Rafa" on the right shoe and a stylized bull logo on the left.
He became the face of Lanvin's L'Homme Sport cologne in April 2009.[182] Nadal uses an AeroPro Drive racquet with a 41⁄4-inch L2 grip. As of the 2010 season[update], Nadal's racquets are painted to resemble the new Babolat AeroPro Drive with Cortex GT racquet in order to market a current model which Babolat sells.[183][184] Nadal uses no replacement grip, and instead wraps two overgrips around the handle. He used Duralast 15L strings until the 2010 season, when he switched to Babolat's new, black-colored, RPM Blast string. Nadal's rackets are always strung at 55 lb (25 kg), regardless of which surface or conditions he is playing on[citation needed].
As of January 2010[update], Nadal is the international ambassador for Quely, a company from his native Majorca that manufactures biscuits, bakery and chocolate coated products; he has consumed their products ever since he was a young child.[185][186]
In 2010, luxury watchmaker Richard Mille announced that he had developed an ultra-light wristwatch in collaboration with Nadal called the Richard Mille RM027 Tourbillon watch.[187] The watch is made of titanium and lithium and is valued at US$525,000; Nadal was involved in the design and testing of the watch on the tennis court.[187] During the 2010 French Open, Men's Fitness reported that Nadal wore the Richard Mille watch on the court as part of a sponsorship deal with the Swiss watchmaker.[188]
Nadal replaced Cristiano Ronaldo as the new face of Emporio Armani Underwear and Armani Jeans for the spring/summer 2011 collection.[189] This is the first time that the label has chosen a tennis player for the job; association football has ruled lately prior to Ronaldo, David Beckham graced the ads since 2008.[190] Armani said that he selected Nadal as his latest male underwear model because "...he is ideal as he represents a healthy and positive model for youngsters."[189]
In February 2010, Rafael Nadal was featured in the music video of Shakira's "Gypsy".[191][192] and part of her album release She Wolf. In explaining why she chose Nadal for the video, Shakira was quoted as saying in an interview with the Latin American Herald Tribune: "I thought that maybe I needed someone I could in some way identify with. And Rafael Nadal is a person who has been totally committed to his career since he was very young. Since he was 17, I believe." She added about "Gypsy": "I've been on the road since I was very, very young, so that's where the gypsy metaphor comes from."[193][194][195]
128036 Rafaelnadal is a Main belt asteroid discovered in 2003 at the Observatorio Astronómico de Mallorca, Spain and named after Rafael Nadal.[196]
Nadal is an avid fan of association football club Real Madrid. On 8 July 2010, it was reported that he had become a shareholder of RCD Mallorca, his local club by birth, in an attempt to assist the club from debt.[197] Rafa reportedly owns 10 percent and was offered the role of vice president, but he rejected that offer.[198] His uncle Miguel Ángel Nadal, became assistant coach under Michael Laudrup. Nadal remains a passionate Real Madrid supporter; ESPN.com writer Graham Hunter wrote, "He's as Merengue as [Real Madrid icons] Raúl, Iker Casillas and Alfredo Di Stéfano." Shortly after acquiring his interest in Mallorca, he called out UEFA for apparent hypocrisy in ejecting the club from the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League for excessive debts, saying through a club spokesperson, "Well, if those are the criteria upon which UEFA is operating, then European competition will only comprise two or three clubs because all the rest are in debt, too."[199]
He is a fervent supporter of the Spanish national team, one of only six people not affiliated with the team or the national federation allowed into the team's locker room immediately following Spain's victory in the 2010 FIFA World Cup Final.[199]
Rafael Nadal took part in Thailand's 'A Million Trees For The King' project, planting a tree in honour of King Bhumibol Adulyadej on a visit to Hua Hin during his Thailand Open 2010. "For me it's an honour to part of this project," said Nadal. "It's a very good project. I want to congratulate the Thai people and congratulate the King for this unbelievable day. I wish all the best for this idea. It's very, very nice."[200]
The creation of the Fundación Rafa Nadal took place in November 2007, and its official presentation was in February 2008, at the Manacor Tennis Club in Mallorca, Spain. The foundation will focus on social work and development aid particularly on childhood and youth.[201] On deciding why to start a foundation, Nadal said "This can be the beginning of my future, when I retire and have more time, [...] I am doing very well and I owe society, [...] A month-and-a-half ago I was in Chennai, in India. The truth is we live great here....I can contribute something with my image..." Nadal was inspired by the Red Cross benefit match against malaria with Real Madrid goalkeeper Iker Casillas, recalling, "We raised an amount of money that we would never have imagined. I have to thank Iker, my project partner, who went all out for it, [...] That is why the time has come to set up my own foundation and determine the destination of the money." Ana Maria Parera, Rafa's mom, chairs the organization and father Sebastian is vice-chairman. Coach and uncle Toni Nadal and his agent, former tennis player Carlos Costa, are also involved. Roger Federer has been giving Nadal advice on getting involved in philanthropy. Despite the fact that poverty in India struck him particularly hard, Nadal wants to start by helping "people close by, in the Balearic Islands, in Spain, and then, if possible, abroad."[202]
On 16 October 2010, Nadal traveled to India for the first time to assist in the transformation of one of the poorest and most needy areas of India, Andhra Pradesh. He has an academy in the south of the country, in the state of Andhra Pradesh. His foundation has also worked in the Anantapur Educational Center project, in collaboration with the Vicente Ferrer Foundation.[203]
Nadal owns an Aston Martin DBS.[204] He lived with his parents and younger sister Maria Isabel in a five-story apartment building in their hometown of Manacor, Mallorca. In June 2009, Spanish newspaper La Vanguardia, and then The New York Times, reported that his parents, Ana Maria and Sebastian, had separated. This news came after weeks of speculation in Internet posts and message boards over Nadal's personal issues as the cause of his setback.[205] He has revealed himself to be Agnostic.[206] When a young boy, he would run home from school to watch Goku in his favorite Japanese anime, Dragon Ball. CNN released an article about Nadal's childhood inspiration, and called him "the Dragon Ball of tennis" due to his unorthodox style "from another planet."[207]
Nadal's autobiography, Rafa, written with assistance from John Carlin,[208] was published in August 2011. Since 2005, Rafael Nadal has been dating Maria Francisca Perello (Xisca).[209] In addition to tennis and association football, Nadal enjoys playing golf.[210]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rafael Nadal |
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Name | Nadal, Rafael |
Alternative names | |
Short description | Spanish tennis player |
Date of birth | 3 June 1986 |
Place of birth | Manacor, Majorca, Spain |
Date of death | |
Place of death |