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An interior ministry (sometimes ministry of home affairs) is a government ministry typically responsible for policing, national security, and immigration matters. The ministry is often headed by a minister of the interior or minister of home affairs. In some countries, matters relating to the maintenance of law and order and the administration of justice are the responsibility of a separate justice ministry.

In countries with a federal constitution, an interior minister will often be found at both the federal and state levels. Similarly, autonomous entities and dependent territories may also have interior ministers.

In certain jurisdictions, similarly named government departments may have other responsibilities. In the United States, the Department of the Interior has radically different functions—primarily the management and conservation of land owned by the federal government, and programs and policies dealing with indigenous peoples of the U.S. The functions that fall under what most other countries call an "interior ministry" are under other government departments—mostly the Department of Homeland Security, with some others falling under the Department of Justice.

In Hong Kong, the Secretary for Home Affairs is responsible for matters relating to communities, culture, sports and local governance. Policing and related matters are the responsibilities of the Secretary for Security.

In Japan, law enforcement is decentralised with the National Public Safety Commission coordinating between the National Police Agency and the government through its Chairman who is a cabinet member. National security and immigration matters fall under the Ministry of Justice, whilst the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications handles the administrative system, local government and communication matters.

List of interior ministries[link]

Country	Ministry	Head
Afghanistan	Ministry of Interior	Minister of Interior
Albania	Ministry of Interior Affairs	Minister of Interior
Argentina	Ministry of the Interior	Minister of Interior
Australia		Minister for Home Affairs
Austria	Federal Ministry for the Interior	Federal Minister for the Interior
Azerbaijan	Ministry of Internal Affairs	Minister of Internal Affairs
Bahamas	Ministry of National Security Ministry of Immigration	Minister of National Security Minister of Immigration
Bahrain	Ministry of the Interior	Minister of Interior
Bangladesh	Ministry of Home Affairs	Minister of Home Affairs
Belgium	FPS Interior Belgium	Federal Minister of the Interior
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Ministry of Internal Affairs	Minister of Internal Affairs
Bulgaria	Ministry of Interior	Minister of Interior
Cambodia	Ministry of the Interior	Minister of the Interior
Canada	Department of Public Safety	Minister of Public Safety
People's Republic of China	Ministry of Public Security Ministry of Supervision	Minister of Public Security Minister of Supervision
Chile	Ministry of the Interior	Minister of the Interior
Colombia	Ministry of the Interior |	Minister of the Interior
Croatia	Ministry of the Interior	Minister of the Interior
Cyprus	Ministry of Interior	Minister of Interior
Czech Republic	Ministry of the Interior	Minister of the Interior
Denmark	Ministry for the Interior and Health	Minister for the Interior and Health
Djibouti		Minister of Interior and Decentralization
Dominican Republic	Ministry of Interior and Police	Minister of Interior and Police
Egypt	Ministry of Interior	Minister of Interior
Estonia	Ministry of the Interior	Minister of the Interior
European Union	DG Home Affairs	Commissioner for Home Affairs
Finland	Ministry of the Interior	Minister of the Interior
France	Ministry of the Interior	Minister of the Interior and Overseas Territories
Georgia	Ministry of Internal Affairs	Minister of Internal Affairs
Germany Bavaria	Federal Ministry of the Interior Bavarian Ministry of the Interior	Federal Minister of the Interior Bavarian Minister of the Interior
Greece		Minister for the Interior and Public Order
Hong Kong		Secretary for Security
Hungary	Ministry of Interior	Minister of the Interior
Iceland	Ministry of the Interior	Minister of the Interior
India	Ministry of Home Affairs	Union Minister of Home Affairs
Indonesia	Ministry of Home Affairs	Minister of Home Affairs In Indonesia, Police is not under the MHA. Police is a separate institution under the President of Indonesia
Iran	Ministry of Interior	Minister of Interior
Israel	Ministry of Interior Ministry of Justice	Minister of Interior Minister of Justice
Iraq	Ministry of Interior	Minister of Interior
Isle of Man	Department of Home Affairs	Minister of Home Affairs
Italy	Ministry of the Interior	Minister of the Interior
Japan	National Public Safety Commission Ministry of Justice	Chairman of the National Public Safety Commission Minister of Justice
Kenya	Ministry for Internal Security and Provincial Administration	Minister for Internal Security and Provincial Administration
Kosovo	Ministry of Interior	Minister of Interior
Lebanon	Ministry of Interior and Municipalities	Minister of Interior and Municipalities
Macau	Secretariat for Security	Secretary for Security
Macedonia	Ministry of Interior Affairs	Minister of Interior
Malaysia	Ministry of Home Affairs	Minister of Home Affairs
Mauritania	Ministry of the Interior
Mauritius	Ministry of Home Affairs	Prime Minister's Office
Mexico	Secretariat of the Interior	Secretary of the Interior
Moldova	Ministry of Internal Affairs	Minister of Internal Affairs
Mongolia	Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs	Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs
Montenegro	Ministry of Interior Affairs and Public Administration	Minister of Internal Affairs and Public Administration
Morocco	Minister of Interior	Minister of Interior
Mozambique	Interior Ministry	Minister of Interior
Netherlands	Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations	Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations
New Zealand	Department of Internal Affairs	Minister of Internal Affairs
Pakistan	Ministry of Interior	Interior Minister
Peru	Ministry of the Interior	Minister of the Interior
Philippines	Department of the Interior and Local Government	Interior Secretary or DILG Secretary
Poland	Ministry of Interior	Minister of Internal Affairs
Portugal	Ministry of Internal Administration	Minister of Internal Administration
Romania	Ministry of Administration and Interior	Minister of Administration and Interior
Russia	Ministry of Internal Affairs	Minister of Internal Affair
Saudi Arabia	Ministry of Interior	Minister of Interior
Senegal		Minister of the Interior
Serbia	Ministry of Internal Affairs	Minister of Internal Affairs
Slovenia	Ministry of Internal Affairs
Singapore	Ministry of Home Affairs	Minister for Home Affairs
Slovakia		Minister of Interior
South Africa	Department of Home Affairs	Minister of Home Affairs
South Korea	Ministry of Public Administration and Security (South Korea)	Minister of Public Administration and Security
South Sudan	Ministry of Internal Affairs	Minister of Internal Affairs
Spain	Ministry of the Interior (Spain)	Minister of Interior
Sri Lanka	Ministry of Home Affairs and Public Administration	Minister of Home Affairs and Public Administration
Sudan	Ministry of Interior Affairs	Minister of the Interior
Switzerland	Federal Department of Home Affairs	Member of the Swiss Federal Council
Syria	Ministry of Interior
Republic of China (Taiwan)	Ministry of the Interior	Minister of the Interior
Thailand	Ministry of Interior	Minister of the Interior
Tunisia	Ministry of the Interior
Turkey	Ministry of the Interior	Minister of the Interior
United Kingdom	Home Office Ministry of Justice Attorney General's Office	Home Secretary Secretary of State for Justice Attorney General for England and Wales
United States	Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice	Secretary of Homeland Security Attorney General
Uruguay	Ministry of Interior	Minister of the Interior
Venezuela		Minister of Interior and Justice
Vietnam	Ministry of Home Affairs	Minister of Home Affairs
Zimbabwe	Ministry of Home Affairs	Minister of Home Affairs

See also[link]

• Department of Public Safety (United States)

Joe Lally
Joe Lally in Campinas, Sao Paulo
Background information
Born	(1963-12-03) December 3, 1963 (age 48)
Occupations	Musician, songwriter
Instruments	Bass guitar
Associated acts	Fugazi, Ataxia, Decahedron

Joe Lally (born December 3, 1963 in Silver Spring, Maryland) is a bassist, vocalist and record label owner, best known for his work with Fugazi.^[1]

Biography[link]

Fugazi[link]

Joe Lally formed Fugazi with Ian MacKaye in 1987, and has remained the group's bassist through their "indefinite hiatus" in 2003.

Tolotta Records[link]

Lally founded Tolotta Records (distributed through Dischord Records), which was active from 1994 until 2001, putting out notable releases by such artists as Dead Meadow, Spirit Caravan, Stinking Lizaveta & Orthrelm.

Side projects[link]

In early 2002, Lally joined ex-Frodus members Shelby Cinca and Jason Hamacher on a project originally called The Black Sea, which would change its name to Decahedron and release an EP and an album before Lally left the band. He has also worked with John Frusciante and Josh Klinghoffer as the group Ataxia, releasing two albums: Automatic Writing (2004) and AW II (2007).

Solo work[link]

In 2006, Lally was playing solo shows on bass with slight laptop accompaniment in various college towns, which would lead up to Lally's first solo album, There to Here, which was released in the fall of 2006. It features Jerry Busher, Ian MacKaye, Amy Farina, Guy Picciotto, Scott Weinrich and many other musicians from the DC music scene.

In 2007, he toured the U.S. with the Philadelphia band Capillary Action and The Melvins and Europe and Japan with the Italian band Zu. His second solo album, Nothing Is Underrated, was released in November 2007.

Lally released his 3rd album entitled Why Should I Get Used To It in April 2011.^[2]

Personal[link]

Joe currently lives in Rome, Italy with his wife and daughter.

Equipment[link]

Basses[link]

• Music Man Stingray - Lally's main bass during his tenure with Fugazi was a 1976 4-string, black Ernie Ball Music Man Stingray with a rosewood fingerboard. He also owns two others, one that is identical to his main bass and another black Stingray with a maple fingerboard. The bass' signature midrange punch created the sound he would come to be known for (and can be heard very clearly during the intro of "Waiting Room" on 13 Songs).
• Fender Jazz Bass - Lally acquired an all-white jazz bass around the recording of Red Medicine to fill in places where the Stingray couldn't produce as much higher-end presence. This bass was also used frequently live through the End Hits tour.
• Höfner 500/1 - Lally used this most often in his early recordings and touring for his solo work.
• Fender 51 Precision - Lally's current bass.

Amplification[link]

• Ampeg SVT-8x10E
• Ampeg SVTCL 300 Watt
• Gallien Krueger 800RB
• Euphoric Audio Pro Amp
• Euphoric Audio NL210 Cabinet
• Tech 21 SansAmp Bass Driver DI

Discography[link]

• There to Here (2006)
• Nothing Is Underrated (2007)
• Why Should I Get Used to It (2011)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website

The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (February 2012)

Hun Sen ហ៊ុន សែន
Hun Sen speaking at the World Economic Forum in East Asia (2010)
Prime Minister of Cambodia
Incumbent
Assumed office 30 November 1998
Monarch	Norodom Sihanouk Chea Sim (Regent) Norodom Sihamoni
Preceded by	Ung Huot
In office 1 May 1989 – 21 September 1993 Alongside Norodom Ranariddh: 2 July 1993 – 21 September 1993
President	Heng Samrin Chea Sim Norodom Sihanouk
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Norodom Ranariddh
Prime Minister of Kampuchea
In office 14 January 1985 – 1 May 1989
President	Heng Samrin
Preceded by	Chan Sy
Succeeded by	Position abolished
Personal details
Born	(1952-08-05) 5 August 1952 (age 59) Peam Koh Sna, Indochina (now Cambodia)
Political party	CPP
Spouse(s)	Bun Rany

This article contains Khmer text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Khmer script.

Hun Sen (Khmer: ហ៊ុន សែន; born 5 August 1952)^[1] is the current Prime Minister of Cambodia and leader of the Cambodian People's Party (CPP), which has governed Cambodia since the Vietnamese-backed overthrow of the Khmer Rouge in 1979. Since the restoration of multi-party democracy in 1993, the CPP has been in a coalition with the royalist Funcinpec party.

His current, full, honorary title is Samdech Akeak Moha Sena Padei Techo Hun Sen (Khmer: សម្តេចអគ្គមហាសេនាបតីតេជោ ហ៊ុន សែន). The title "Samdech" was attached to his name in 1993 by King Norodom Sihanouk. It is only an honorary title and does not give him further powers. He has a glass eye, the result of a wound sustained during the Khmer Rouge offensive against Phnom Penh in April 1975. Hun Sen is currently the longest serving leader in South East Asia and is one of the longest serving prime ministers in the world, having been in power through various coalitions since 1985.

Political career[link]

Hun Sen came to power with the Khmer Rouge and served as a Battalion Commander in the Eastern Region of Democratic Kampuchea (previous name of Cambodia). After falling out with the Khmer Rouge Hun Sen fled to Vietnam. ^[2] Hun Sen was selected by the Vietnamese for a leadership role in the rebel army and government they were creating for Cambodia. When the Khmer Rouge regime was overthrown, Hun Sen was appointed as Foreign Minister of the Vietnamese-installed People's Republic of Kampuchea/State of Cambodia (PRK/SOC) in 1979 and in 1985 he was made Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Prime Minister, after the death of Chairman Chan Sy until 1990, (with a brief interruption from 1986 until 1987). As Foreign Minister, Hun Sen was a key figure in the Paris Peace Talks, which brokered peace in Cambodia.

In 1987, Amnesty International accused Hun Sen's government of torture of thousands of political prisoners using "electric shocks, hot irons and near-suffocation with plastic bags."^[3]

From 1993 until 1998 he was Co-Prime Minister with Prince Norodom Ranariddh. Norodom Ranariddh was First Prime Minister and he was Second Prime Minister. However, the actual power resided in the hands of Hun Sen because most of the high officers in Cambodia including the military were CPP members which led Norodom Ranariddh to be jealous of his Co-Prime Minister and led to a power struggle, directly resulting in the July 1997 military conflict.

In 1997, the coalition was shaken by tensions between Ranariddh and Hun Sen. FUNCINPEC began to collaborate with the remaining Khmer Rouge rebels (with whom it had been allied against Hun Sen's Vietnamese-backed government during the 1980s), aiming to absorb them into its ranks.^[4]

In response, Hun Sen launched the 1997 Cambodian Coup, replacing Ranariddh with Ung Hout as the First Prime Minister and himself still as the Second Prime Minister until the CPP's victory in the 1998 election and thus becoming the country's sole Prime Minister in 1998. During that year the media broadcast him as the Strong Man of Cambodia which he later said was premature, and that the July 1997 was merely, the government taking action against the paramilitary anarchy that was sponsored and brought to Phnom Penh by Norodom Ranariddh.

In an open letter, Amnesty International condemned the summary execution of FUNCINPEC ministers and the "systematic campaign of arrests and harassment " of political opponents.^[5]

The elections of July 2003 resulted in a larger majority in the National Assembly for the CPP, with FUNCINPEC losing seats to the CPP and the Sam Rainsy Party. However, CPP's majority was short of the two thirds constitutionally required for the CPP to form a government alone. This deadlock was overcome and a new CPP-FUNCINPEC coalition was formed in mid-2004. When Norodom Ranariddh was chosen to be Head of the National Assembly and Hun Sen became again sole Prime Minister of Cambodia.

Corruption[link]

Some political opponents of Hun Sen accuse him of being a Vietnamese puppet. This is due to his position in the government created by Vietnam while Cambodia was under Vietnamese military occupation and the fact that he was a prominent figure in the People's Revolutionary Party of Kampuchea (now known as the Cambodian People's Party), which governed Cambodia as a one-party state under Vietnamese military occupation from 1979 until elections in 1993. However, there seems to be no concrete evidence to show that this accusation has merits at all. Hun Sen and his supporters reject such charges, saying that he represents only the Cambodian people.

Forced evictions and Sale of Cambodian land[link]

Hun Sen's government has been responsible for the sale of land to foreign investors in 2007-08 resulting in the eviction of thousands of residents from their homes.^[6]

Hun Sen was implicated in corruption related to Cambodia's oil wealth and mineral resources in Global Witness 2009 report on Cambodia. He and his close associates were accused of carrying out secret negotiations with interested private parties and taking money from those who he would grant rights to exploit the resources. However, the credibility of this accusation has been questioned by government officials and especially Prime Minister Hun Sen, himself.^[7]

Personal life[link]

Hun Sen is married to Bun Rany. They have six children, 3 sons and 3 daughters: Manet, Mana, Manit, Mani, Mali and Malis. The youngest, Malis was adopted. Hun Manet is a 1999 West Point Academy graduate and obtained his PhD in Economics at the University of Bristol. In 2010, Manet was promoted Major General in the Royal Cambodian Arm Forces (RCAF) and became the Deputy Commander of the Prime Minister's Body Guard headquarters.

Although Hun Sen's birthday is officially celebrated on April 4, 1951, he had revealed that his actual date of birth was August 5, 1952.^[8] He had apparently lied about his date of birth to appear older when joining the Khmer Rouge as a youth.

See also[link]

	Cambodia portal
	Biography portal

• Modern Cambodia
• Politics of Cambodia
• People's Republic of Kampuchea

Footnotes[link]

Further reading[link]

• Harish C. Mehta and Julie B. Mehta. 1999. Hun Sen: Strongman of Cambodia. Singapore: Graham Brash Pte Ltd. ISBN 981-218-074-5
• Elizabeth Becker. 1986, 1998. When the War Was Over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge. New York: Public Affairs. ISBN 1-891620-00-2
• Biography of Hun Sen Cambodia New Vision ~ newsletter of cabinet of Cambodia's Prime Ministerial office

v t e Prime Ministers of Cambodia since 1970 Khmer Republic: Lon Nol | Sisowath Sirik Matak | Son Ngoc Thanh | Hang Thun Hak | In Tam | Long Boret Democratic Kampuchea: Penn Nouth | Khieu Samphan | Pol Pot People's Republic of Kampuchea: Pen Sovan | Chan Sy | Hun Sen State of Cambodia: Hun Sen | Sen-Ranariddh Coalition | Norodom Ranariddh Kingdom of Cambodia: Norodom Ranariddh | Ung Huot | Hun Sen