Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (691 – 6 February 743) (Arabic: هشام بن عبد الملك‎) 10th Umayyad caliph who ruled from 723 until his death in 743. When he was born in 691 his mother named him after her father.

Reign[link]

Inheriting the caliphate from his brother Yazid II, Hisham was ruling an empire with many different problems. He would, however, be effective in attending to these problems, and in allowing the Umayyad empire to continue as an entity. His long rule was an effective one, and it saw a rebirth of reforms that were originated by Umar bin Abd al-Aziz.

Like his brother al-Walid I, Hisham was a great patron of the arts, and he again encouraged arts in the empire. He also encouraged the growth of education by building more schools, and perhaps most importantly, by overseeing the translation of numerous literary and scientific masterpieces into Arabic. He returned to a stricter interpretation of the Sharia as Umar had, and enforced it, even upon his own family. His ability to stand up to the Umayyad clan may have been an important factor in his success, and may point to why his brother Yazid was ineffective.

On the military front his empire suffered a series of setbacks, especially in the Caucasus against the Khazars (the Battle of Marj Ardabil) and in Transoxiana against the Turgesh (the "Day of Thirst" and the Battle of the Pass). Hisham sent armies to end the Hindu rebellion in Sindh, and was successful when the Hindu ruler Jai Singh was killed. This allowed the Umayyads to reassert their rule over some portions of their provinces in India.

Under Hisham's rule, regular raids against the Byzantines continued. One regular commander of Arab forces was the redoubtable Maslamah, Hisham's half-brother. He fought the Byzantines in A.H. 107 (725-726) and the next year captured Caesarea Mazaca. He also fought the Khazars in the Caucasus. In A.H. 110 he fought for a month against the Khaqan there and defeated him. Hisham's son Mu'awiyah ibn Hisham was another Arab commander in the almost annual raids against the Byzantine Empire. In A.H. 110 he took the fort of Samalu in Cilicia. The next year Mu'awiyah thrust left and Sa'id ibn Hisham right. In addition there was also a sea raid. In A.H. 112 Mu'awiyah captured Kharsianon in Cappadocia.

Mu'awiyah raided the Byzantine Empire in A.H. 113 (731-732). The next year he captured Aqrun (Akroinos), while Abdallah al-Battal took a Byzantine commander prisoner. Mu'awiyah raided Byzantium in A.H. 115, 116, 117 and 118. In A.H. 119 (737) al Walid ibn al Qa'qa al-Absi led the raid against the Byzantines. The next year Sulayman ibn Hisham captured Sindirah (Sideroun). In A.H. 121 (738-739) Maslamah captured some of Cappadocia and also raided the Avars. Theophanes the Confessor (p. 103) states that while some Arabs raided successfully in 739 and returned home safely, others were soundly defeated at the Battle of Akroinon. He records that internal Byzantine strife (the struggle between Constantine V and the usurper Artabasdos) facilitated Arab raids by Sulayman ibn Hisham in 741-742 (p. 106) that resulted in many Byzantines made Arab captives. Al-Tabari refers to the same raid. (v. 26, p. 68)

In North Africa, Kharijite teachings combined with natural local restlessness to produce a significant Berber revolt. In 740 A large Berber force surrounded a loyal army at Wadi Sherif. The loyalists fought to the death. Hisham dispatched a force of 27,000 Syrians. This was destroyed in 741. In 742 Handhala ibn Safwan began successfully, but soon was besieged in Qairawan. He led a desperate sortie from the city that scattered the Berbers, killing thousands and re-establishing Umayyad rule.

Hisham also faced a revolt by the armies of Zayd bin Ali, grandson of Husayn bin Ali, which was however easily put down. Zayd had faced litigation. He had been initially favoured by Hisham, though the caliph was displeased by Zayd's suggestions that Zayd was superior. Kufans encouraged Zayd to revolt. Zayd was ordered to leave Kufah and though he appeared to set out for Mecca, he returned and dwelt secretly in Kufah moving from house to house and receiving the allegiance of many people. Yusuf ibn Umar, Iraq's governor, learned of the plot, commanded the people to gather at the great mosque, locked them inside and began a search for Zayd. In Spain, the internal conflicts of the years past were ended, and Hisham's governor, Abd ar Rahman ibn Abdallah, assembled a large army that went into France. He besieged Bordeaux and pushed to the Loire. This marked the limit of Arabic conquest in Western Europe. The wave was halted at the Battle of Tours by Charles Martel who inflicted a crushing defeat to the Arabs.

Zayd with some troops fought his way to the mosque and called on people to come out. He then pushed back Yusuf's troops, but was felled by an arrow. Although his body was initially buried, the spot was pointed out and it was extracted, beheaded and the head sent to Hisham and later to Medina.

Despite Hisham's successes, the Abbasids continued to gain power, building power bases in Khurasan and Iraq. However, they would not prove strong enough to make a move yet. Some of them were caught, punished or executed by eastern governors. Alī ibn Ḥusayn son of Husayn bin Ali resided in Medina, was poisoned by Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik on 25th of Muharram, 95 AH (approximately 23 October, 712).

Hisham died of diphtheria on Wednesday, February 6, 743. He impressed others with his simplicity and honesty. He wore the same green cloak he had worn since before becoming caliph. He demonstrated he knew how to make bread and to milk a goat. He was conscientious in administering the finances of the empire. As all the Marwanids, he did not draw the military stipend, unless actually on campaign. He dwelt in the desert to avoid plague. Near the Byzantine site of al-Rusafah he built two castles. Hisham was succeeded by his nephew al-Walid ibn Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik (Walid II).

Bibliography[link]

• The End of Expansion: The Caliphate of Hisham A.D. 724-738/A.H. 105-120 by Jere L. Bacharach and Khalid Y. Blankinship, Albany, SUNY Press, 1989.

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (November 2010)

Hisham Abbas
Hisham Abbas performing at the International Garden, Cairo, Egypt (July 15, 2008)
Background information
Birth name	Mohammad Hisham Mahmoud Mohammad Abbas
Also known as	Hisham Abbas
Born	(1963-09-13) September 13, 1963 (age 48) Cairo, Egypt
Origin	Shoubra, Egypt
Genres	Arabic pop, Egyptian music
Occupations	Singer
Years active	1977–1978 Pats Band 1978–present Solo Artist
Labels	Alam El Phan (2002–present)
Website	Official Website

Mohammad Hisham Mahmoud Mohammad Abbas (Arabic: محمد هشام محمود محمد عباس‎; born September 13, 1963), commonly known as just Hisham Abbas (Egyptian: هشام عباس), is an Egyptian pop singer best known for his hit song "Habibi Dah (Nari Narain)" and his religious song "Asmaa Allah al-husna".

Biography[link]

Hisham Abbas was born in Cairo, Egypt. He had his primary education in Dar El Tefl school. He was home-schooled for his secondary education & GCE. Later on he enrolled in American University in Cairo as he graduated with a major in Mechanical Engineering. He decided to pursue art as his profession rather than Engineering.

Abbas took his first step as a professional singer being a member of "Pats Band" band with his partner in the band Aliaa Saleh and other friends. They covered a number of Egyptian and Arabic classing songs, such as "Halawet Shamsena", "Ala Remesh Oyonha", "El Wala Dah" and more. Then he met up with widely-known producer and singer Hameed El Shaery. They collaborated to produce successful songs that highlighted Abbas' position in the music scene. Songs like "Halal Aleik", "Allah Yesalem Halak", "Habetah", and "Saea Albak".

Abbas' career bloomed later on to release several songs. He rose in the early 1990s with successful hits like "Wana Wana Wana", "Eineha El Sood", "Ta'ala", "Ya Leila", "Shoofi" and his most successful hit, "Habibi Dah (Nari Narain)" featuring Indian singer Jayashri. Up to this day, he has 10 solo studio albums in his account. He received a number of awards, the most notable one was Orbit's Arabic Song Award in 1997.^[1]

He collaborated later on with Hamid El Shaery several times. Hamid featured him in the hit "Einy" which featured Lebanese model, now singer, Nicole Saba.

Discography[link]

Studio Albums[link]

• Matbatalesh (2009)
• Ta'ala Gamby (2007)
• Sebha Tehebbak (2004)
• Gowwa F Alby (2002)
• Habibi Dah (2000–2001)
• Kalam El Leil (1999)
• Shoufi (1999)
• Habaitha (1998)
• Ya Leila (1997)
• Gawabak (1996)
• Zay El Aol (1995)
• Ard El Sharq (1994)
• Ta'ala (1994)
• Hisham (1992)
• Halah (1992)
• Fainoh
• Sahara

Collections/Compilations[link]

• Ahla Ma Ghanna Hisham Abbas / From The Best of Hisham Abbas
• Atfal
• Hisham Abbas Collection'

Singles[link]

• "Habibi Dah (Nari Narain)

References[link]

Hisham Zaman, (1975- ), is a contemporary Kurdish-Norwegian filmmaker. He graduated from The Norwegian Film School at Lillehammer in 2004. He has made several award winning short films, most notably Bawke which has received more than 20 national and international awards.^[1]

Filmography[link]

1. The Bridge, 2003
2. The Roof, 2004.
3. Bawke, 2005.
4. Vinterland, 2007.
5. Europa, 2009.

References[link]

Abu Abdullah Musa ibn Mahdi al-Hadi (Arabic: أبو محمد موسى بن المهدي الهادي‎) (born: 147 AH; died: 170 AH)(born: 764; died: 786 AD)^[1] was the fourth Abbasid caliph who succeeded his father Al-Mahdi and ruled from 169 AH (785 AD) until his death in 170 AH (786 AD).^[2]

Al-Hadi was the eldest son of Al-Mahdi and Al-Khayzuran and like his father he was very open to the people of his empire and allowed citizens to visit him in the palace at Baghdad to address him. As such, he was considered an "enlightened ruler", and continued the progressive moves of his Abbasid predecessors.

His short rule was wreaked with numerous military conflicts. The revolt of Husayn ibn Ali ibn Hasan broke out when Husayn declared himself caliph in Medina. Al-Hadi crushed the rebellion and killed Husayn and many of his followers, but Idris bin Abdallah, a cousin of Husayn, escaped and aided by Wadih, Egyptian postal manager, reached Morocco where he founded the Idrisi state^{[citation needed]}. Al-Hadi also crushed a Kharijite rebellion as well as faced a Byzantine invasion. However, the Byzantines were turned back, and the Abbasid armies actually seized some territory from them^{[citation needed]}.

Al-Hadi died in 786^{[citation needed]}. al-Tabari notes varying accounts of this death, e.g. an abdominal ulcer or assassination prompted by al-Hadi's own step-mother^{[citation needed]}. Al-Tabari (v. 30 p. 42f) notes al-Hadi's assertion of independence from his mother, his forbidding her further involvement in public affairs and his threatening Harun's succession. al-Tabari says^{[citation needed]} others refer to al-Hadi's overtures to Harun. One account at Tabari cites has al-Hadi attempting to poison his mother:

"Yahya b. al-Hasan related that his father transmitted the information to him, saying: I heard Kalisah telling al-'Abbas b. al-Fadl b. al-Rabi that Musa sent to his mother al-Khayzuran a dish of rice, saying, "I found this tasty and accordingly ate some of it, so you have some too!" Khalisah related: But I said to her, "Don't touch it until you investigate further, for I am afraid that it might contain something to your detriment." So they brought in a dog; it ate some and fell down dead. Musa sent to al-Khayzuran afterwards and said, "How did you like the dish of rice?" She replied, "I enjoyed it very much." He said, "You can't have eaten it, because if you had, I would have been rid of you. When was any Caliph happy who had a mother (still alive)?" (v. 30 pp. 43–44)

The note on p. 42 of volume 30 of the sunni translation of at Tabari cites pp. 288–289 of the Kitab al-'Uyun for the possibility that al-Khayzuran feared al-Hadi would recover from his illness and thus had slave girls suffocate him. This note continues, "Certainly, his death appears as too opportune for so many people concerned that it should have been a natural one." The famous Muslim historian Ibn Khaldun discredited this claim^{[citation needed]}.

Character[link]

Al-Hadi was succeeded by his younger brother, Harun al-Rashid.

References[link]

Wikisource has original works written by or about: Al-Hadi

Bibliography[link]

• Al-Tabari, volume XXX "The Abbasid Caliphate in Equilibrium," transl. C.E. Bosworth, SUNY, Albany, 1989
• Al-Masudi, The Meadows of Gold, The Abbasids, transl. Paul Lunde and Caroline Stone, Kegan Paul, London and New York, 1989

Hisham Kabbani
Born	(1945-01-28) January 28, 1945 (age 67) Beirut, Lebanon
Residence	United States
Religion	Islam (Sufi)
Spouse	Hajjah Naziha Adil

Muhammad Hisham Kabbani (born 13 Safar 1364 / 28 January 1945) is a prominent Lebanese-American Sufi Muslim. Kabbani advocates an understanding of Islam described by his supporters as fundamentally based on peace, tolerance, respect and love. Kabbani has been an outspoken critic of extremism as well as the Wahabi doctrine.^[1] Shaykh Kabbani is a spiritual teacher in the line of the Naqshbandi-Haqqani Sufi Order. He is chairman of the Islamic Supreme Council of America and the Sufi Muslim Council. ^[2]

Biography[link]

Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani descends from a long line of scholars, and was born in Beirut, Lebanon. For more than 50 years he has been a disciple of Nazim al-Qubrusi and his representative in United States.

On the order of al-Qubrusi, Kabbani relocated to the United States in 1991, where he has opened 13 Sufi outreach centers focused on spreading Sufism. He has lectured at many universities, including the University of Chicago, Columbia University and the University of California, Berkeley, as well as at many spiritual and religious centers throughout North America, Europe, the Far East, and the Middle East.

Kabbani works closely with the governments and people of Muslim nations around the world to restore what he views as traditional Islamic practices and prevent the increase of religious radicalism.^{[citation needed]} He has supported military incursions in Bosnia, Kosovo and peace initiatives in the Middle East, Somalia, Bosnia, Kashmir, Afghanistan and Kosovo.

He is married to Hajjah Naziha Adil, the daughter of Shaykh Muhammad Nazim al-Haqqani. They have four children, three boys and a girl.

Controversy and criticism[link]

In 1999, Kabbani came into conflict with various Muslim groups including the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA), the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), and the Islamic Circle of North America (ICNA) after he stated that 80 percent of mosques are being run by "extremist ideologies".^[3] Muslim organizations harshly responded, stating that Kabbani's remarks "could have a profoundly negative impact on ordinary American Muslims".^[4] Kabbani plunged into further controversy when he accused Muslims who advise the United States about Islam as being "extremists themselves".^[4] When asked during a conference whether he would name the Islamic groups he believed were "extremist", Kabbani answered, "after the program".^[4] When subsequently confronted with the question during the end of the discussion, Kabbani refused to answer.^[4] In a joint statement pertaining to Kabbani's accusations, several Muslim groups said that "Mr. Kabbani has put the entire American Muslim community under unjustified suspicion. In effect, Mr. Kabbani is telling government officials that the majority of American Muslims pose a danger to our society."^[4]

Published works[link]

Works published by Kabbani include:

• Remembrance of God Liturgy of the Sufi Naqshbandi Masters, ISBN 978-1-871031-58-4 (1994)
• The Naqshbandi Sufi Way, ISBN 978-0-934905-34-3 (1995)
• Angels Unveiled, ISBN 978-1-930409-37-8 (1996)
• Encyclopedia of Muhammad's Women Companions, ISBN 978-1-871031-42-3 (1998)
• Encyclopedia of Islamic Doctrine and Beliefs, ISBN 978-1-871031-48-5 (1998)
• The Approach of Armageddon? An Islamic perspective, ISBN 978-1-930409-20-0 (2003)
• Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Order, ISBN 978-1-930409-10-1 (2004)
• The Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition Guidebook of Daily Practices and Devotions, ISBN 978-1-930409-22-4 (2004)
• Pearls and Coral (Volume 1), ISBN 978-1-930409-07-1 (2005)
• Keys to the Divine Kingdom, ISBN 978-1-930409-28-6 (2005)
• The Sufi Science of Self-Realization, ISBN 978-1-930409-29-3 (2006)
• A Spiritual Explanation of the Chapter of Sincerity: Tafsīru 'l-Qur'ānu '-Karīm Sūratu 'l-Ikhlāṣ, ISBN 978-1-930409-42-2 (2006)
• Pearls and Coral (Volume 2), ISBN 978-1-930409-08-8 (2007)
• Universe Rising, ISBN 978-1-930409-48-4 (2007)
• Symphony of Remembrance, ISBN 978-1-930409-49-1 (2007)
• Illuminations: Compiled Lectures on Shariah and Tasawwuf, ISBN 978-1-930409-52-1 (2007)
• Angels Unveiled, A Sufi Perspective, ISBN 978-1-930409-74-3 (2009)
• Fifty Days: the Divine Disclosures During a Holy Sufi Seclusion, ISBN 978-1-930409-72-9 (2010)

See also[link]

• Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order of America
• Sufi Muslim Council

References[link]

External links[link]

• Naqshbandi-Haqqani Sufi Order of America
• Sufilive - The Official Media Library of the Naqshbandi-Haqqani Sufi Order of America
• Rabbani Sufi Institute of Indonesia
• Islamic Supreme Council of America website
• Eshaykh - relevant Islamic answers to questions of creed, law, society, family and spirituality
• Social Network Site for followers of Shaykh Nazim al-Haqqani
• Website of as-Sunnah Foundation of America

v t e Sufism and Tariqa Ideas Qutb Wali Abdal Fakir Dervish Tazkiah Baqaa Fanaa Haal Keramat Haqiqa Ihsan Irfan Kashf Lataif Manzil Marifa Nafs Noor Sufi cosmology Sufi metaphysics Sufi philosophy Sufi poetry Sufi psychology Sulook Yaqeen Silsila Practices Anasheed Dhikr Haḍra Muraqaba Qawwali Sama Whirling Ziyarat Sufi orders Azeemia Akbarī Alians Ba 'Alawī Bayramī Bektashī Chishtī Galibī Gulshanī Ḥurūfī Idrīsī Jelvetī Jerrahī Khalwatī Kubrāwī Madarī Malāmatī Mawlāwī Mourīdī Naqshbandī Naqshbandi Uwaisī Khalidiyya Nasuhī Ni'matullāhī Nuqtawī Qadirī Qalāndārī Rifa'ī Safāvī Shadhilī Suhrawardī Sunbulī Tijanī Ussakī Uwaisī Zahedī Notable early Sufi saints and mystics Abdul-Qadir Gilanī Abul-Khayr Ahmad Ghazālī Ahmed Yasāvī Al-Ghazālī Al-Hallaj al-Misrī Al-Qāsim al-Qunawī Amīr Kulal Ardabilī Ata Allah Attar Balım Sultan Baha ūd-Dīn Naqshband Bande Nawāz Baqī Billah Bastamī Bhita'ī Bulleh Shah Shah Waliullah Dehlāvī Farīd ūd-Dīn Fozail Gālib Gharīb Nawāz Ghujdawanī Ghulam Farīd Sheik Edebali Gül Baba Hajji Bayram Hajji Bektash Hazrat Mai Safoora Qadiriyya Haddad Hamadānī Hansvī Harabatī Baba Hasan Basri Mahmud Hudayī Hujwirī ibn ʿArabī Jābir ibn Hayyān Jahangasht Jamī Jan-e-Jānāān Jazoulī Junayd Baġdādī Kākī Kaliyarī Karkhī Kharaqanī Kubrā Nāimī Najib al-Suhrawardī Nasīmī Mansur Al-Hallaj Ni'matullāh Nizām ūd-Dīn Nurī Otman Baba Pir Sultan Qutb ūd-Dīn Haydār Rabbānī Rabia Basri Razī Rifa'ī Rukn-e-Alam Rūmī Ibrahim ibn Adham Saadī Salman al-Farisī Sanai Mevlana Halid-i Bagdadi Sarı Saltuk Semnanī Shadhilī Shahāb al-Dīn Suhrawardī Shams Tabrizī Shiblī Shirazī Sultan Walad Surkh Bukhari Taj al-Dīn Gilanī Umar al-Suhrawardī Uwais al-Qarni Yunus Emre Magtymguly Pyragy Zakariya Zarruq Notable modern Sufi saints Auliya Azeemi Nagpuri Meher Ali Sheikh Muhammad Uthman Sirajuddin Qadeer Piya Muhammad Maliki Gohar Shahi Tahir ul-Qadri Tahir Allauddin Taqi Usmani Abdal Hakim Murad Nazim Al-Haqqani Hisham Kabbani Nuh Keller Nooruddeen Durkee Abdalqadir as-Sufi Zaheen Ghulam Mustafa Reshad Feild Ahmad al-Alawi Ashraf Ali Thanvi Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Abd al-Rahman al-Shaghouri Omar Shah Haeri Raza Khan Syed Shujaat Pir Zulfiqar Abdullah Naqshbandi Sufi Barkat Ali Hafiz Qamaruddin Saheb Qibla Fultali Feisal Abdul Rauf Osman Nuri Topbaş Sufi studies Aguéli Almqvist Burckhardt Chittick Corbin Ernst Frager Guénon Hixon Lindbom Lings Nasr Schimmel Sells Shah Schuon Topics in Sufism Art Fiction History Music Poetry Shrines Texts Portal