Terry's was a chocolate and confectionery maker in York, England. Its history stretched back to 1823,^[1] but in 1993 it was taken over by Kraft Foods. The York factory closed in 2005 and Terry's products are now produced in other Kraft facilities in Poland, Sweden, Belgium, and Slovakia.

History[link]

Joseph Terry became a partner in the confectionery business of Robert Berry in 1823. Robert Berry died and his son left the business in 1828. Joseph Terry then was left to expand the business before his death in 1850.^[1] The business was further developed by his son, Joseph Terry junior. Joseph Terry and Sons moved to the current site at South Bank in 1926. Terry’s was taken over by Kraft in 1993. They closed the York factory on 30 September 2005.^[2]

Terry's factory site[link]

The Terry's factory from the York Racecourse side

Now called The Chocolate Works, development company Grantside Ltd has consulted local people on how to develop the site.^[3] A previous bid by the company to develop the site was rejected by the City of York Council.^[4] However, on 3 February 2010 the current planning application was accepted and the site will be developed with a mix of residential, commercial and leisure.^[5]

See also[link]

• Terry's All Gold
• Terry's Chocolate Orange

References[link]

External links[link]

• The Chocolate Works development

Look up Terry in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Terry is:

• A surname from the medieval Norman given name Thierry, cognate of the English Derek
• A male given name transferred back from the surname, or a diminutive of Terence or of any of its alternative forms
• A female given name, diminutive of Teresa or any of its alternative forms

People surnamed Terry[link]

• Adam Terry, American football player
• Alfred Terry, American Civil War Union general
• Benjamin Franklin Terry, organizer of the American Civil War unit Terry's Texas Rangers
• Bill Terry, American major league baseball player
• Charles L. Terry, Jr. (1900–1970), American judge and politician, Governor of Delaware
• Charles Sanford Terry (historian) (1864–1936), English historian and musicologist
• Charles Sanford Terry (translator), American translator of Japanese literature
• Clark Terry, jazz fluegelhorn/trumpet player and music educator
• Edward O'Connor Terry, 19th century English actor and theatre owner
• Edward Richard "Ted" Terry (1904-1967), Tasmanian professional sprinter and Australian rules footballer
• Dame Ellen Terry (1847–1928), English actress
• Helen Terry, backing vocals singer with British pop group Culture Club
• Jason Terry, American basketball player
• Jo Ann Terry, American hurdler
• John Terry (born 1980), English football player
• Joseph Terry, partner in Terry's chocolate makers (1767–2006)
• Luther Leonidas Terry (1911–1985), US Surgeon General (1961–65)
• Michael Terry (1899–1981), Australian explorer and writer
• Nigel Terry (b.1945), English actor
• Olufemi Terry, Sierra Leonean writer
• Pat Terry, English footballer.
• Paul Terry (cricketer) (born 1959), English cricketer
• Paul Terry (footballer), English footballer and brother of John
• Paul Terry (cartoonist), U.S. cartoonist and animator, and creator of Terrytoons
• Peter Terry, British air marshal
• Ralph Terry, American major league baseball pitcher
• Rob Terry, American professional wrestler
• Samuel Terry (c. 1776–1838), Australian landowner, merchant and philanthropist.
• Sean Terry (born 1991), English cricketer
• Simon Terry, British archer
• Tomás Terry (died 1886), Cuban slave trader
• Wallace Terry (1938–2003), American journalist and oral historian
• Wallace Terry (baseball) (1850–1908), American 19th century baseball player
• Walter Terry, American politician
• William Terry (congressman), American Civil War Confederate general
• William R. Terry, American Civil War Confederate general

Terry as given name[link]

• Terry Albritton, athlete
• Terry Allen (disambiguation), multiple people
• Terry Anderson (disambiguation), multiple people
• Terry Baddoo, CNN journalist
• Terry Balsamo, lead guitarist for rock band Evanescence
• Terry Byrne, English football manager
• Terry Bollea, professional wrestler known as "Hulk Hogan"
• Terry Bradshaw, former American football quarterback
• Terry Brooks, fantasy author
• Terry Brunk, professional wrestler known as "Sabu"
• Terry Caldwell, former footballer who once played for Leeds United, Huddersfield Town and Carlisle United
• Terry Carpenter, 20th Century Nebraska politician
• Terry Coldwell, former member of pop group East 17
• Terry Cooper, English footballer formally of Leeds United
• Terry Connor, footballer, formally of Leeds United full name is Abu Terence Fuongo Connor
• Terry Crews, American actor and retired football player
• Terry Ellis, music artist
• Terry Etim, English professional mixed martial artist currently signed to the UFC
• Terry Farrell (actress), American actress
• Terry Fox, athlete and activist
• Terry Francona, former Boston Red Sox manager
• Terry Funk, professional wrestler
• Terry Gilliam, British-American film director and Monty Python member
• Terry Goodkind, fantasy author
• Terry Johnson (dramatist), playwright
• Terry Jones, British writer, film-maker and Monty Python member
• Terry Kath, guitarist for the band Chicago
• Terry Kilgore (born 1961), American politician serving in the Virginia House of Delegates
• Terry Labonte, semi-retired NASCAR driver
• Terry Manning, music producer and engineer
• Terry McAuliffe, former chairman Democratic National Committee
• Terry Moore (disambiguation), multiple people
• Terry Moran, ABC-TV correspondent
• Terry Moran, Australian senior public servant
• Terry Pilkadaris, Australian golfer
• Terry Pratchett, fantasy author who writes the Discworld series of books
• Terry Sanford, United States politician and educator from North Carolina
• Terry Sweeney, actor, writer, and comedian (Saturday Night Live)
• Terry Tempest Williams, book writer
• Terry-Thomas, actor
• Terry Wogan, Irish/British broadcaster/TV personality in the United Kingdom
• Terry Yorath, Welsh footballer formally of Leeds United
• Terry Zwigoff, American documentary and feature film director

Fictional characters[link]

• Terry, Carl Brutananadilewski's cousin from Aqua Teen Hunger Force
• Terry Bogard, from the SNK video games
• Terry Boot, minor character from the Harry Potter series of novels, by J. K. Rowling
• Terry Collier, fictional character in The Likely Lads sitcoms and film
• Terry Kimple, character in the TV series The Cleveland Show
• Terry McCann, fictional character in the TV series Minder played by Dennis Waterman
• Terry Chaney, a main female character in Final Destination, who is hit by bus.
• Terry McGinnis, the main character and the new batman in Batman Beyond.

See also[link]

• Terrifield (the Squirrel Scout), a character from Camp Lazlo

This page or section lists people that share the same given name or the same family name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article.

Terry Fox
Terry Fox in Toronto during his Marathon of Hope cross-country run (July 1980)
Born	Terrance Stanley Fox (1958-07-28)July 28, 1958 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Died	June 28, 1981(1981-06-28) (aged 22) New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada
Cause of death	Metastatic osteosarcoma
Education	Simon Fraser University
Known for	Marathon of Hope
Title	Companion of the Order of Canada

Terrance Stanley "Terry" Fox CC OD, (July 28, 1958 – June 28, 1981) was a Canadian humanitarian, athlete, and cancer research activist. In 1980, with one leg having been amputated, he embarked on a cross-Canada run to raise money and awareness for cancer research. Although the spread of his cancer eventually forced him to end his quest after 143 days and 5,373 kilometres (3,339 mi), and ultimately cost him his life, his efforts resulted in a lasting, worldwide legacy. The annual Terry Fox Run, first held in 1981, has grown to involve millions of participants in over 60 countries and is now the world's largest one-day fundraiser for cancer research; over C$500 million has been raised in his name.

Fox was a distance runner and basketball player for his Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, high school and Simon Fraser University. His right leg was amputated in 1977 after he was diagnosed with osteosarcoma, though he continued to run using an artificial leg. He also played wheelchair basketball in Vancouver, winning three national championships.

In 1980, he began the Marathon of Hope, a cross-country run to raise money for cancer research. Fox hoped to raise one dollar for each of Canada's 24 million people. He began with little fanfare from St. John's, Newfoundland, in April and ran the equivalent of a full marathon every day. Fox had become a national star by the time he reached Ontario; he made numerous public appearances with businessmen, athletes, and politicians in his efforts to raise money. He was forced to end his run outside of Thunder Bay when the cancer spread to his lungs. His hopes of overcoming the disease and completing his marathon ended when he died nine months later.

Fox was the youngest person ever named a Companion of the Order of Canada. He won the 1980 Lou Marsh Award as the nation's top sportsman and was named Canada's Newsmaker of the Year in both 1980 and 1981. Considered a national hero, he has had many buildings, roads and parks named in his honour across the country.

Early life and cancer[link]

Terry Fox was born on July 28, 1958, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, to Rolland "Rolly" Fox and Betty Fox. Rolly was a switchman for the Canadian National Railway.^[1] Terry had an elder brother, Fred, a younger brother, Darrell and a younger sister, Judith.^[2] His family moved to Surrey, British Columbia, in 1966, then settled in Port Coquitlam in 1968.^[2] His parents were dedicated to their family, and his mother was especially protective of her children; it was through her that Fox developed his stubborn dedication to whatever task he committed to do.^[3] His father recalled that he was extremely competitive, noting that Terry hated to lose so much that he would continue at any activity until he succeeded.^[4]

He was an enthusiastic athlete, playing soccer, rugby and baseball as a child.^[5] His passion was for basketball and though he stood only five feet tall and was a poor player at the time, Fox sought to make his school team in grade eight. His physical education teacher and basketball coach at Mary Hill Junior High School felt he was better suited to be a distance runner and encouraged him to take up the sport. Fox had no desire for cross-country running, but took it up because he respected and wanted to please his coach.^[6] He was determined to continue playing basketball, even if he was the last substitute on the team. Fox played only one minute in his grade eight season but dedicated his summers to improving his play. He became a regular player in grade nine and earned a starting position in grade ten.^[7] In grade 12, he won his high school's athlete of the year award jointly with his best friend Doug Alward.^[2]

Though he was initially unsure if he wanted to go to university, Fox's mother convinced him to enrol at Simon Fraser University, where he studied kinesiology as a stepping stone to becoming a physical education teacher.^[8] He tried out for the junior varsity basketball team, earning a spot ahead of more talented players due to his determination.^[2]

On November 12, 1976, as Fox was driving home to Port Coquitlam, he became distracted by nearby bridge construction, and crashed into the back of a pickup truck. While his car was left undriveable, Fox emerged with only a sore right knee. He again felt pain in December, but chose to ignore it until the end of basketball season.^[9] By March 1977, the pain had intensified and he finally went to a hospital, where he was diagnosed with osteosarcoma, a form of cancer that often starts near the knees.^[2] Fox believed his car accident weakened his knee and left it vulnerable to the disease, though his doctors argued there was no connection.^[10] He was told that his leg had to be amputated, he would require chemotherapy treatment, and that recent medical advances meant he had a 50 percent chance of survival. Fox learned that two years before the figure would have been only 15 percent; the improvement in survival rates impressed on him the value of cancer research.^[11]

With the help of an artificial leg, Fox was walking three weeks after the amputation.^[2] He then progressed to playing golf with his father.^[12] Doctors were impressed with Fox's positive outlook, stating it contributed to his rapid recovery.^[13] He endured sixteen months of chemotherapy and found the time he spent in the British Columbia Cancer Control Agency facility difficult as he watched fellow cancer patients suffer and die from the disease.^[14] Fox ended his treatment with new purpose: he felt he owed his survival to medical advances and wished to live his life in a way that would help others find courage.^[15]

In the summer of 1977 Rick Hansen, working with the Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association, invited Fox to try out for his wheelchair basketball team.^[16] Although he was undergoing chemotherapy treatments at the time, Fox's energy impressed Hansen.^[2] Less than two months after learning how to play the sport, Fox was named a member of the team for the national championship in Edmonton.^[17] He won three national titles with the team,^[2] and was named an all-star by the North American Wheelchair Basketball Association in 1980.^[18]

Marathon of Hope[link]

Terry Fox statue in Beacon Hill Park, Victoria, British Columbia

The night before his cancer surgery, Fox had been given an article about Dick Traum, the first amputee to complete the New York City Marathon.^[2] The article inspired him; he embarked on a 14-month training program, telling his family he planned to compete in a marathon himself.^[1] In private, he devised a more extensive plan. His hospital experiences had made Fox angry at how little money was dedicated to cancer research. He intended to run the length of Canada in the hope of increasing cancer awareness, a goal he initially only divulged to his friend Douglas Alward.^[19]

Fox ran with an unusual gait, as he was required to hop-step on his good leg due to the extra time the springs in his artificial leg required to reset after each step.^[20] He found the training painful as the additional pressure he had to place on both his good leg and his stump led to bone bruises, blisters and intense pain. Fox found that after about 20 minutes of each run, he crossed a pain threshold and the run became easier.^[21]

In August 1979, Fox competed in a marathon in Prince George, British Columbia. He finished in last place, ten minutes behind his closest competitor, but his effort was met with tears and applause from the other participants.^[2] Following the marathon, he revealed his full plan to his family.^[22] His mother discouraged him, angering Fox, though she later came to support the project. She recalled, "He said, 'I thought you'd be one of the first persons to believe in me.' And I wasn't. I was the first person who let him down".^[23] Fox initially hoped to raise $1 million,^[23] then $10 million, but later sought to raise $1 for each of Canada's 24 million people.^[24]

Preparation[link]

On October 15, 1979, Fox sent a letter to the Canadian Cancer Society in which he announced his goal and appealed for funding. He stated that he would "conquer" his disability, and promised to complete his run, even if he had to "crawl every last mile". Explaining why he wanted to raise money for research, Fox described his personal experience of cancer treatment:

I soon realized that that would only be half my quest, for as I went through the 16 months of the physically and emotionally draining ordeal of chemotherapy, I was rudely awakened by the feelings that surrounded and coursed through the cancer clinic. There were faces with the brave smiles, and the ones who had given up smiling. There were feelings of hopeful denial, and the feelings of despair. My quest would not be a selfish one. I could not leave knowing these faces and feelings would still exist, even though I would be set free from mine. Somewhere the hurting must stop....and I was determined to take myself to the limit for this cause.^[25]

Fox made no promises that his efforts would lead to a cure for cancer, but he closed his letter with the statement: "We need your help. The people in cancer clinics all over the world need people who believe in miracles. I am not a dreamer, and I am not saying that this will initiate any kind of definitive answer or cure to cancer. I believe in miracles. I have to."^[25] The Cancer Society was skeptical of his dedication, but agreed to support Fox once he had acquired sponsors and requested he get a medical certificate from a heart specialist stating that he was fit to attempt the run. Fox was diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy — an enlarged heart — a condition commonly associated with athletes. Doctors warned Fox of the potential risks he faced, though they did not consider his condition a significant concern. They endorsed his participation when he promised that he would stop immediately if he began to experience any heart problems.^[26]

A second letter was sent to several corporations seeking donations for a vehicle, running shoes and to cover the other costs of the run.^[27] Fox sent other letters asking for grants to buy a running leg. He observed that while he was grateful to be alive following his cancer treatment, "I remember promising myself that, should I live, I would rise up to meet this new challenge [of fundraising for cancer research] face to face and prove myself worthy of life, something too many people take for granted."^[27] The Ford Motor Company donated a camper van,^[3] while Imperial Oil contributed fuel, and Adidas his running shoes.^[28] Fox turned away any company that requested he endorse their products and refused any donation that carried conditions as he insisted that nobody was to profit from his run.^[3]

Trek across Canada[link]

Fox's path across eastern Canada. He began at St. John's on the east coast and ran west.

The Marathon began on April 12, 1980, when Fox dipped his right leg in the Atlantic Ocean near St. John's, Newfoundland, and filled two large bottles with ocean water. He intended to keep one as a souvenir and pour the other into the Pacific Ocean upon completing his journey at Victoria, British Columbia.^[24] Fox was supported on his run by Doug Alward, who drove the van and cooked meals.^[28]

Fox was met with gale force winds, heavy rain and a snowstorm in the first days of his run.^[1] He was initially disappointed with the reception he received, but was heartened upon arriving in Port aux Basques, Newfoundland, where the town's 10,000 residents presented him with a donation of over $10,000.^[28] Throughout the trip, Fox frequently expressed his anger and frustration to those he saw as impeding the run, and he fought regularly with Alward. By the time they reached Nova Scotia, they were barely on speaking terms, and it was arranged for Fox's brother Darrell, then 17, to join them as a buffer.^[23] Fox left the Maritimes on June 10 and faced new challenges entering Quebec due to his group's inability to speak French^[29] and drivers who continually forced him off the road.^[30] Fox arrived in Montreal on June 22, one-third of the way through his 8,000-kilometre (5,000 mi) journey, having collected over $200,000 in donations.^[20] Around this time, Terry Fox's run caught the attention of Isadore Sharp who was the founder and CEO of Four Seasons Hotel and Resorts—and who had lost a son to melanoma in 1978 just a year after Terry's diagnosis.^[31] Sharp was intrigued by the story of a one-legged kid "trying to do the impossible" and run across the country; so he offered food and accommodation at his hotels en route. When Terry was discouraged because so few people were making donations, Sharp pledged $2 a mile [to the run] and persuaded close to 1,000 other corporations to do the same.^[32] Sharp's encouragement persuaded Terry to continue with the Marathon of Hope. Convinced by the Canadian Cancer Society that arriving in Ottawa for Canada Day would aid fundraising efforts, he remained in Montreal for a few extra days.^[30]

Memorial at Mile 0 in St. John's

Fox crossed into Ontario at the town of Hawkesbury on the last Saturday in June. He was met by a brass band and thousands of residents who lined the streets to cheer him on, while the Ontario Provincial Police gave him an escort throughout the province.^[33] Despite the sweltering heat of summer, he continued to run 26 miles (42 km) per day.^[29] On his arrival in Ottawa, Fox met Governor General Ed Schreyer and Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and was the guest of honour at numerous sporting events in the city.^[33] In front of 16,000 fans, he performed a ceremonial kickoff at a Canadian Football League game and was given a standing ovation. Fox's journal reflected his growing excitement at the reception he had received as he began to understand how deeply moved Canadians were by his efforts.^[34]

A crowd of 10,000 people met Fox in Toronto, where he was honoured in Nathan Phillips Square. As he ran to the square, he was joined on the road by many people, including National Hockey League star Darryl Sittler, who presented Fox with his 1980 All-Star Game jersey. The Cancer Society estimated it collected $100,000 in donations that day alone.^[2] As he continued through southern Ontario, he was met by Hockey Hall of Famer Bobby Orr who presented him with a cheque for $25,000. Fox considered meeting Orr the highlight of his journey.^[2]

As Fox's fame grew, the Cancer Society scheduled him to attend more functions and give more speeches.^[35] Fox attempted to accommodate any request that he believed would raise money, no matter how far out of his way it took him.^[36] He bristled, however, at what he felt were media intrusions into his personal life, for example when the Toronto Star reported that he had gone on a date.^[37] Fox was left unsure whom he could trust in the media after negative articles began to emerge, including one by the Globe and Mail that characterized him as a "tyrannical brother" who verbally abused Darrell and claimed he was running because he held a grudge against a doctor who had misdiagnosed his condition, allegations he referred to as "trash".^[38]

The physical demands of running a marathon every day took its toll on Fox's body. Apart from the rest days in Montreal taken at the request of the Cancer Society, he refused to take a day off, even on his 22nd birthday.^[39] He frequently suffered shin splints and an inflamed knee. He developed cysts on his stump and experienced dizzy spells.^[40] At one point, he suffered a soreness in his ankle that would not go away. Although he feared he had developed a stress fracture, he ran for three more days before seeking medical attention, and was then relieved to learn it was tendonitis and could be treated with painkillers.^[41] Fox rejected calls for him to seek regular medical checkups,^[42] and dismissed suggestions he was risking his future health.^[38]

In spite of his immense recuperative capacity,^[43] Fox found that by late August he was exhausted before he began his day's run.^[44] On September 1, outside of Thunder Bay, he was forced to stop briefly after he suffered an intense coughing fit and experienced pains in his chest. Unsure what to do, he resumed running as the crowds along the highway shouted out their encouragement.^[45] A few miles later, short of breath and with continued chest pain, he asked Alward to drive him to a hospital. He feared immediately that he had run his last kilometer.^[46] The next day, Fox held a tearful press conference during which he announced that his cancer had returned and spread to his lungs. He was forced to end his run after 143 days and 5,373 kilometres (3,339 mi).^[47] Fox refused offers to complete the run in his stead, stating that he wanted to complete his marathon himself.^[2]

National response[link]

Terry Fox statue in Ottawa

Fox had raised $1.7 million by the time he was forced to abandon the Marathon. He realized that the nation was about to see the consequences of the disease, and hoped that this might lead to greater generosity.^[48] A week after his run ended, the CTV Television Network organized a nationwide telethon in support of Fox and the Canadian Cancer Society.^[49] Supported by Canadian and international celebrities, the five-hour event raised $10.5 million.^[2] Among the donations were $1 million each by the governments of British Columbia and Ontario, the former to create a new research institute to be founded in Fox's name, and the latter an endowment given to the Ontario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation.^[50] Donations continued throughout the winter, and by the following April, over $23 million had been raised.^[51]

Supporters and well wishers from around the world inundated Fox with letters and tokens of support. At one point, he was receiving more mail than the rest of Port Coquitlam combined.^[52] Such was his fame that one letter addressed simply to "Terry Fox, Canada" was successfully delivered.^[53]

In September 1980 he was invested in a special ceremony as a Companion of the Order of Canada; he was the youngest person to be so honoured.^[54][55] The Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia named him to the Order of the Dogwood, the province's highest award.^[56] Canada's Sports Hall of Fame commissioned a permanent exhibit,^[57] and Fox was named the winner of the Lou Marsh Award for 1980 as the nation's top athlete.^[58] He was named Canada's 1980 Newsmaker of the Year. The Ottawa Citizen described the national response to his marathon as "one of the most powerful outpourings of emotion and generosity in Canada's history".^[59]

Death[link]

In the following months, Fox received multiple chemotherapy treatments; however, the disease continued to spread.^[60] As his condition worsened, Canadians hoped for a miracle and Pope John Paul II sent a telegram saying that he was praying for Fox.^[61] Doctors turned to experimental interferon treatments, though their effectiveness against osteogenic sarcoma was unknown.^[62] He suffered an adverse reaction to his first treatment,^[63] but continued the program after a period of rest.^[64]

Fox was re-admitted to the Royal Columbian Hospital in New Westminster on June 19, 1981, with chest congestion and developed pneumonia.^[65] He fell into a coma and died at 4:35 a.m. PDT on June 28, 1981, with his family by his side.^[66][67] The Government of Canada ordered flags across the country lowered to half staff, an unprecedented honour that was usually reserved for statesmen.^[68] Addressing the House of Commons, Trudeau said, "It occurs very rarely in the life of a nation that the courageous spirit of one person unites all people in the celebration of his life and in the mourning of his death ... We do not think of him as one who was defeated by misfortune but as one who inspired us with the example of the triumph of the human spirit over adversity".^[69]

His funeral, attended by 40 relatives and 200 guests,^[69] was broadcast on national television; hundreds of communities across Canada also held memorial services,^[70] a public memorial service was held on Parliament Hill in Ottawa,^[71] and Canadians again overwhelmed Cancer Society offices with donations.^[72]

Legacy[link]

Participants of the 2007 Terry Fox Run in Milan, Italy

Fox remains a prominent figure in Canadian folklore. His determination united the nation; people from all walks of life lent their support to his run and his memory inspires pride in all regions of the country.^[73] A 1999 national survey named him as Canada's greatest hero,^[74] and he finished second to Tommy Douglas in the 2004 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation program The Greatest Canadian.^[75] Fox's heroic status has been attributed to his image as an ordinary person attempting a remarkable and inspirational feat.^[76][77] Others have argued that Fox's greatness derives from his audacious vision, his determined pursuit of his goal, his ability to overcome challenges such as his lack of experience and the very loneliness of his venture.^[76][78] As Fox's advocate on The Greatest Canadian, media personality Sook-Yin Lee compared him to a classic hero, Phidippides, the runner who delivered the news of the Battle of Marathon before dying, and asserted that Fox "embodies the most cherished Canadian values: compassion, commitment, perseverance". She highlighted the juxtaposition between his celebrity, brought about by the unforgettable image he created, and his rejection of the trappings of that celebrity.^[79] Typically amongst Canadian icons, Fox is an unconventional hero, admired but not without flaws.^[80] An obituary in the Canadian Family Physician emphasized his humanity and noted that his anger—at his diagnosis, at press misrepresentations and at those he saw as encroaching on his independence—spoke against ascribing sainthood for Fox, and thus placed his achievements within the reach of all.^[76]

Attitudes to disability[link]

Fox expressed a robust attitude to his situation: he refused to regard himself as disabled,^[81] and would not allow anyone to pity him, telling a Toronto radio station that he found life more "rewarding and challenging" since he had lost his leg.^[76] His feat helped redefine Canadian views of disability and the inclusion of the disabled in society.^[82][83] Fox's actions increased the visibility of people with disabilities,^[83][84] and in addition influenced the attitudes of those with disabilities, by showing them disability portrayed in a positive light.^[83] Rick Hansen commented that the run challenged society to focus on ability rather than disability. "What was perceived as a limitation became a great opportunity. People with disabilities started looking at things differently. They came away with huge pride", he wrote.^[85]

In contrast, the narrative surrounding Fox has been critiqued as illustrating the media's focus on stereotyped portrayals of the heroic and extraordinary achievements of people with disabilities, rather than more mundane accomplishments.^[86][87] Actor Alan Toy noted "Sure, it raised money for cancer research and sure it showed the human capacity for achievement. But a lot of disabled people are made to feel like failures if they haven't done something extraordinary. They may be bankers or factory workers – proof enough of their usefulness to society. Do we have to be 'supercrips' in order to be valid? And if we're not super, are we invalid?"^[86] The media's idealization of Fox has also been critiqued for emphasizing an individualistic approach to illness and disability, in which the body is a machine to be mastered, rather than the social model of disability, where societal attitudes and barriers to inclusion play a prominent role in determining who is disabled.^[88][89]

Terry Fox Run[link]

One of Fox's earliest supporters was Isadore Sharp, founder of the Four Seasons Hotels. Sharp had lost his own son to cancer and offered Fox and his companions free accommodation at his hotels.^[2] He donated $10,000 and challenged 999 other businesses to do the same.^[90] Sharp also proposed an annual fundraising run in Fox's name. Fox agreed, but insisted that the runs be non-competitive. There were to be no winners or losers, and anyone who participated could run, walk or ride.^[91] Sharp faced opposition to the project. The Cancer Society feared that a fall run would detract from its traditional April campaigns, while other charities believed that an additional fundraiser would leave less money for their causes.^[92] Sharp persisted, and he, the Four Seasons Hotels and the Fox family organized the first Terry Fox Run on September 13, 1981.^[91]

Over 300,000 people took part and raised $3.5 million in the first Terry Fox Run.^[90] Schools across Canada were urged to join the second run, held on September 19, 1982.^[93] School participation has continued since, evolving into the National School Run Day.^[94] The runs, which raised over $20 million in its first six years,^[92] grew into an international event as over one million people in 60 countries took part in 1999, raising $15 million that year alone.^[95] By the Terry Fox Run's 25th anniversary, more than three million people were taking part annually. Grants from the Terry Fox Foundation, which organizes the runs, have helped Canadian scientists make numerous advances in cancer research.^[96] The Terry Fox Run is the world's largest one-day fundraiser for cancer research,^[97] and over $500 million has been raised in his name.^[98] The 30th Terry Fox Run was held September 19, 2010.^[99]

Honours[link]

Memorial erected outside of Thunder Bay on the Trans Canada Highway near the spot where Fox was forced to end his marathon.

The physical memorials in Canada named after Fox include:^[100]

• Approximately 32 roads and streets, including the Terry Fox Courage Highway near Thunder Bay, near where Fox ended his run and where an oversized statue of him was erected as a monument;^[101]
• 14 schools, including a new school in a suburb of Montreal that was renamed Terry Fox Elementary School shortly after he died,^[102] and the Port Coquitlam high school, from which he had graduated, which was renamed Terry Fox Secondary School on 18 January 1986;^[103]
• 14 other buildings, including many athletic centres and the Terry Fox Research Institute in Vancouver;
• Seven statues, including the Terry Fox Monument in Ottawa, which was the genesis of The Path of Heroes, a federal government initiative that seeks to honour the people that shaped the nation;^[104]
• nine fitness trails;
• A previously unnamed mountain in the Canadian Rockies in the Selwyn range, which was named Mount Terry Fox by the government of British Columbia;^[105] the area around it is now known as Mount Terry Fox Provincial Park; and
• The Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker CCGS Terry Fox, which was commissioned in 1983.^[106]
• In 2011, a series of bronze sculptures of Fox in motion was unveiled outside of BC Place in downtown Vancouver. They were designed by author Douglas Coupland and depict Fox running toward the Pacific Ocean.^[107]

Terry Fox memorial plaque in Beacon Hill Park, Victoria, B.C.

Shortly after his death, Fox was named the Newsmaker of the Year for 1981,^[108] and Canada Post announced the production of a commemorative stamp in 1981, bypassing its traditionally held position that stamps honouring people should not be created until ten years after their deaths.^[109] British rock star Rod Stewart was so moved by the Marathon of Hope that he was inspired to write and dedicate the song "Never Give Up on a Dream" — found on his 1981 album Tonight I'm Yours — to Fox. Stewart also called his 1981–1982 tour of Canada the "Terry Fox Tour".^[110]

The Terry Fox Hall of Fame was established in 1994 to recognize individuals that have made contributions that improved the quality of life of disabled people.^[104][111] The Terry Fox Laboratory research centre was established in Vancouver to conduct leading edge research into the causes and potential cures for cancer.

The Royal Canadian Mint produced a special dollar coin in 2005 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Marathon of Hope. It was their first regular circulation coin to feature a Canadian.^[112] His mother, Betty Fox, was one of eight people to carry the Olympic Flag into BC Place Stadium at the opening ceremonies of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.^[113] The games saw the Terry Fox Award bestowed on Olympic athletes who embodied Fox's characteristics of determination and humility in the face of adversity.^[114]

Films[link]

Fox's story was dramatized in the 1983 biopic The Terry Fox Story. Produced by Home Box Office, the film aired as a television movie in the United States and had a theatrical run in Canada.^[115] The film starred amputee actor Eric Fryer and Robert Duvall, and was the first film made exclusively for pay television.^[116] The movie received mixed but generally positive reviews.^[115] However, it was criticized by Fox's family over how it portrayed his temper.^[117] The Terry Fox Story was nominated for eight Genie Awards, and won five, including Best Picture and Best Actor.^[118]

A second movie, titled Terry, focused on the Marathon of Hope, was produced by the CTV Television Network in 2005. Fox was portrayed by Shawn Ashmore. He is not an amputee; digital editing was used to superimpose a prosthesis over his real leg. The film was endorsed by Fox's family, and portrayed his attitude more positively than the first movie.^[117] Canadian National Basketball Association star Steve Nash, who himself was inspired by Fox when he was a child, directed a 2010 documentary Into the Wind, which aired on ESPN as part of its 30 for 30 series.^[119][120]

Steve Fonyo and Rick Hansen[link]

Terry Fox was not the first person to attempt to run across Canada. Mark Kent crossed the country in 1974 as he raised money for the Canadian team at the 1976 Summer Olympics.^[1][121] While he lived, Fox refused to let anyone else complete the Marathon of Hope, having promised to finish it himself once he recovered.^[91] Steve Fonyo, an 18-year-old who suffered from the same form of cancer and who also had a leg amputated, sought in 1984 to duplicate Fox's run, calling his effort the "Journey for Lives".^[122] After leaving St. John's on March 31, Fonyo reached the point where Fox was forced to end his marathon at the end of November,^[123] and completed the transcontinental run on May 29, 1985.^[124] The Journey for Lives raised over $13 million for cancer research.^[125]

Canadian Paralympic athlete Rick Hansen, who had recruited Fox to play on his wheelchair basketball team in 1977, was similarly inspired by the Marathon of Hope.^[126] Hansen, who first considered circumnavigating the globe in his wheelchair in 1974, began the Man in Motion World Tour in 1985 with the goal of raising $10 million towards research into spinal cord injuries.^[127] As Fonyo had, Hansen paused at the spot Fox's run ended to honour the late runner.^[101] Hansen completed his world tour in May 1987 after 792 days and 40,073 kilometres (24,900 mi);^[128] he travelled through 34 countries and raised over $26 million.^[129]

See also[link]

	History of Canada portal
	Biography portal

• Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
• Terry (book)

References[link]

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Terry Fox

• The Terry Fox Foundation
• CBC Digital Archives – Terry Fox 25: Reliving the Marathon of Hope
• BC Sports Hall of Fame and Museum
• The Canadian Encyclopedia, The Courage of Terry Fox

John Terry

Personal information
Full name	John George Terry
Date of birth	(1980-12-07) 7 December 1980 (age 31)
Place of birth	Barking, London, England
Height	1.87 m (6 ft 1 1⁄2 in)[1][2]
Playing position	Centre back
Club information
Current club	Chelsea
Number	26
Youth career
	Senrab
1991–1995	West Ham United
1995–1998	Chelsea
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
1998–	Chelsea	373	(28)
2000	→ Nottingham Forest (loan)	6	(0)
National team‡
2000–2002	England U21	9	(1)
2003–	England	72	(6)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 12:09, 18 May 2012 (UTC). † Appearances (Goals). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 13:27, 7 February 2012 (UTC)

John George Terry (born 7 December 1980) is an English professional footballer. Terry plays in a centre back position and is the captain of Chelsea in the Premier League. He was also captain of the England national football team, holding the post from August 2006 to February 2010, and from March 2011 to February 2012.

Terry was named UEFA Club Defender of the Year in 2005, 2008 and 2009.^[3] PFA Players' Player of the Year in 2005,^[4] and was included in the FIFPro World XI for four consecutive seasons, from 2005 to 2008.^[5][6][7][8] He was also named in the all-star squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the only English player to make the team.^[9] He wears the number 26 shirt for Chelsea.

Terry is Chelsea's most successful captain, having led them to three Premier League titles, four FA Cups and two League Cups since 2004. He is one of five players to have made over 500 appearances for Chelsea and is also the club's all-time highest scoring defender.^[10] In 2007, he became the first captain to lift the FA Cup at the new Wembley Stadium in Chelsea's 1–0 win over Manchester United, and also the first player to score an international goal there, scoring a header in England's 1–1 draw with Brazil.^[11]

Club career[link]

Early career[link]

Terry was born in Barking, east London, and attended Eastbury Comprehensive School. Terry played initially for Senrab, a side that featured many future stars of the English game, including current Premier League players Sol Campbell, Jermain Defoe, Bobby Zamora, Ledley King and Jlloyd Samuel.^[12] As a boy he initially was part of West Ham United's youth system, joining them as a midfielder in 1991.^[13] He moved to Chelsea at 14, playing for the club's youth and reserve teams. It was due to a shortage of central defenders that he was moved to centre-back, the position he plays today.

Early time with Chelsea[link]

Terry made his Chelsea debut on 28 October 1998 as a late substitute in a League Cup tie with Aston Villa; his first start came later that season in an FA Cup third round match, a 2–0 win over Oldham Athletic. He spent a brief period on loan with Nottingham Forest in 2000 to build up his first team experience and was subject to interest from both David Platt and Huddersfield Town manager Steve Bruce.^{[14][15][16][17]}

In 2002 Terry was involved in an incident at a West London nightclub with Chelsea team mate Jody Morris and Wimbledon's Des Byrne. He was charged with assault and affray, but later cleared.^[18] During the affair, he was given a temporary ban from the England national side by the FA.^[19] Previously, along with Chelsea team-mates Frank Lampard, Jody Morris, Eiður Guðjohnsen and former team-mate Frank Sinclair, in September 2001 Terry was fined two weeks wages by Chelsea after drunkenly harassing grieving American tourists in the immediate aftermath of the 11 September attacks.^[20][21] During his early days at Chelsea, Terry shared a flat with Andrew Crofts.^[22]

First-team regular[link]

Terry began to establish himself in the Chelsea first team from the 2000–01 season, making 23 starts, and was voted the club's player of the year.^[23] He continued his progress during 2001–02, becoming a regular in the defence alongside club captain and French international Marcel Desailly. On 5 December 2001 he captained Chelsea for the first time, in a League match against Charlton Athletic. Chelsea reached the FA Cup final, following wins against London rivals West Ham and Tottenham in the fourth and six rounds respectively, and Fulham in the semi-final – where Terry scored the only goal in a 1–0 victory. A virus denied Terry a place in the starting line-up for the final, although he came on as a second-half substitute as Chelsea lost 2–0 to Arsenal. In season 2003–04, his performances led to him being handed the captain's armband by manager Claudio Ranieri, when Desailly was out of the side. He played well in the absence of the French international, forming a strong defensive partnership with William Gallas.