A Map showing major rivers in Bangladesh including Meghna.

The Surma-Meghna River System is a river complex in South Asia, one of the three that form the Ganges Delta, the largest on earth.^{[citation needed]} It rises in the Manipur Hills of northeast India as the Barak River and flows west becoming the Surma River and then flows south as the Meghna River, a total of 946 km (669 km within Bangladesh) to the Bay of Bengal.

Course[link]

Barak[link]

From its source in the Manipur Hills of India, near Mao Songsang, the river is known as the Barak River. Near its source, the river receives a lot of little hill streams, including the Gumti, Howrah, Kagni, Senai Buri, Hari Mangal, Kakrai, Kurulia, Balujhuri, Shonaichhari and Durduria. It flows west through Manipur State, then southwest leaving Manipur and entering Mizoram State.

In Mizoram State the Barak flows southwest then veers abruptly north when joined by a north flowing stream and flows into Assam State where it turns westward again near Lakhipur as it enters the plains. It then flows west past the town of Silchar where it is joined by the Madhura River. After Silchar, it flows for about 30-odd kilometres & near Badarpur, it divides itself into the Surma River and the Kushiyara River and enters Bangladesh. The principal tributaries of the Barak in India are the Jiri, the Dhaleshwari (Tlawng), the Singla, the Longai, the Madhura, the Sonai (Tuirial), the Rukni and the Katakhal.

The depth of river is 15 feet (0.0013 h). 60 hours (710,000 ft) 100 feet (0.0085 h) 90 feet (0.0076 h) 85 feet (0.0072 h)

Surma[link]

After entering into modern Karimganj District in south Assam, Barak divides in two, with the northern branch being called the Surma River and the southern the Kushiyara River. At this point the river enters the Sylhet Depression (or trough) which forms the Surma Basin.^[1]

The Surma is fed by tributaries from the Meghalaya Hills to the north, and is also known as the Baulai River after it is joined by the south-flowing Someswari River.

The Kushiyara receives tributaries from the Sylhet Hills and Tripura Hills to the south, the principal one from the Tripura Hills being the Manu. The Kushiyara is also known as the Kalni River after it is joined by a major offshoot (distributary) from the Surma. When the Surma and the Kushiyara finally rejoin in Kishoreganj District above Bhairab Bazar, the river is known as the Meghna River.

Meghna[link]

The Meghna is formed inside Bangladesh above Bhairab Bazar by the combination of the Surma and Kushiyara rivers. Down to Chandpur, Meghna is hydrographically referred to as the Upper Meghna. After the Padma joins, it is referred to as the Lower Meghna.

River Meghna from the bridge over the river

In Daudkandi, Comilla, Meghna is joined by the great river Gumti, created by the combination of many streams. This river reinforces Meghna a lot and increases the waterflow considerably. The pair of bridges over Meghna and Gomoty are two of the country's largest bridges.

The name for the largest distributary of the Ganges in Bangladesh is the Padma River. When the Padma joins with the Jamuna River, the largest distributary of the Brahmaputra, and they join with the Meghna in Chandpur District, the result is the Lower Meghna.

After Chandpur, with the combined flow of the Padma and Jamuna, it moves down to the Bay of Bengal in an almost straight line. In the course from Chandpur to the Bay of Bengal, the Meghna splits into a number of little rivers, but the main flow is through the Meghna Estuary.

Near Bhola, just before flowing into the Bay of Bengal, the river divides into two main streams in the Ganges delta and separates an island from both sides of the mainland. The western stream is called Ilsha and the eastern one is called Bamni.

Economics[link]

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it.

Notes[link]

See also[link]

• List of rivers in Bangladesh

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Meghna Naidu
Meghna Naidu at Press conference of Rivaaz
Born	(1978-09-19) September 19, 1978 (age 33) Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India[1]
Occupation	actress, dancer
Years active	1999–present
Spouse	Amit Naidu[citation needed]

Meghna Naidu (Telugu: మేఘన నాయుడు; born 19 September 1978) is an Indian actress and dancer. Her first major appearance was in the music video for UMI10's "Kaliyon Ka Chaman" (2000),^[2][3] an official remix of Lata Mangeshkar's 1981 song "Thoda Resham Lagta Hai" (in turn, the 2002 song "Addictive" by Truth Hurts was inspired by the remix). She also featured in Saru Maini's video Dil De Diya Tha (Sutta Mix),^[4] before eventually working in Indian films.

Early life and career[link]

Meghna Naidu was born on 19 September in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.^[5] Her father Ethiraj works for Air India and was a tennis coach and her mother Purnima, a half-Bengali,^[6] was a school teacher.^[7] She has one younger sister, Sona.^[8][9] She told that she requested her mother to quit her job and accompany her to shooting locations, after her sister who used to travel with her got a job abroad.^[10] She grew up in Mumbai, Maharashtra, and considers herself "more of a Mumbaiite".^[11] She studied at Bhavan's College, Andheri, Mumbai,^[12][13] and graduated with a B.Com degree.^[14] She has learnt classical bharatanatyam dance for seven years.^[15] She stated that she also was coaching tennis in the US for 4 years.^[16]

At age 18, she met a model co-ordinator at the wedding of her cousin in Chennai, who called her for a screen test for a feature film.^[17][18] She bagged a role in the Telugu film Prema Sakshi (1999), following which she appeared in one more Telugu and two Kannada films.^[19] She then appeared in UMI10's music video "Kaliyon Ka Chaman", directed by Radhika Rao and Vinay Sapru, which she says happened by accident.^[20][21] She was accompanying her friend to the audition for the video, when she was approached by the team. She was asked to send in her photographs and within few days, she was selected for the video. "Kaliyon Ka Chaman" became a grand success and gained her recognition. She subsequently went on to do many stage performances in and outside of India.^[22][23]

She made her Bollywood debut with the film Hawas (2004),^[24] which dealt with extramarital affair. It was followed by lead roles in Classic Dance of Love (2005), which featured her as a dancer, and Rain: The Terror Within... (2005), in which she played a blind author.^[25] In Mashooka, she essayed a character with negative shades.

She also participated in the television shows Fear Factor - Khatron Ke Khiladi and Dancing Queen (TV series).^[26]

Personal life[link]

She got engaged with actor, Kushal Punjabi in September 2009,^[27] though the couple parted ways in March 2010.^[28]

Music videos[link]

• UMI10's Kaliyon Ka Chaman (2000)
• Saru Maini's Dil De Diya Tha (Sutta Mix)
• Hottt...

Filmography[link]

Television shows[link]

• Fear Factor - Khatron Ke Khiladi on Colors TV where she was partnered by Capt Purvesh Gada
• Dancing Queen on Colors TV

References[link]

External links[link]

• Meghna Naidu at the Internet Movie Database

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Meghna Naidu

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Mithun Chakraborty
Born	Gouranga Chakraborty 16 June 1950[1] India
Other names	Mithunda
Occupation	Actor Entrepreneur Television presenter
Years active	1976–present
Spouse	Yogeeta Bali (1979–present)
Children	Mahakshay Chakraborty Rimoh Chakraborty Namashi Chakraborty Dishani Chakraborty

Mithun Chakraborty Miṭhun Chôkroborti, born as Gouranga Chakraborty on June 16, 1950) is an Indian film actor, social activist, and entrepreneur, who has won three National Film Awards. He made his acting debut with the arthouse drama Mrigayaa (1976), for which he won his first National Film Award for Best Actor.

He gained a fan following as a dancing star and went on to establish himself as one of the most popular actors of India, particularly recognized for his role as street dancer Jimmy in the 1982 Bollywood movie Disco Dancer. He also attracted worldwide audiences, particularly in the former Soviet Union^[2] where he became a household name for his role in Disco Dancer.^[3] He later won two more National Film Awards for his performances in Bengali film Tahader Katha (1992) and Hindi film Swami Vivekananda (1998).

Chakraborty has appeared in about 400 films^[4] including Bengali, Oriya and Bhojpuri pictures. He owns the Monarch Group, which has interests in the hospitality sector^[5] and educational sector.^[6]

Early life and education[link]

Mithun Chakraborty was born in Kolkata, West Bengal, to a Bengali Hindu Brahmin family.

He was educated at the Oriental Seminary and also graduated with a degree in chemistry from the Scottish Church College in Kolkata.^[7] Later, he attended and graduated from the Film and Television Institute of India in Pune.

Mithun Chakraborty was a staunch Naxalite before entering the film industry,^{[citation needed]} but tragedy struck his family when his only brother was electrocuted and killed in a freak accident. He returned to his family and left the Naxalite fold, even though doing so posed a grave risk to his own life.^{[citation needed]} He had also undergone expert training in Martial Arts to the grade of black belt.^{[8][dubious – discuss]}

Film career[link]

1970s[link]

Mithun Chakraborty made his film debut in the 1976 Mrinal Sen-directed film Mrigaya, for which he won the coveted National Film Award for Best Actor. Then he shared the screen with Amitabh Bachchan, a small role in Do Anjaane, followed by Phool Khile Hain Gulshan Gulshan, Hamara Sansar and Amar Deep. In between, his Mera Rakshak was a success of 1978 . Mithun rose to stardom with the low budget Ravikant Nagaich directed spy film Surakshaa, released in 1979. The film was so successful, that many movies starring Mithun in the lead role were launched. The combination with director Deepak Bahry also happened for the first time in 1979 with Tarana. Another important film for Mithun in the late 70s was Prem Vivah, directed by Basu Chatterjee.

1980s[link]

Mithun had much success in Bollywood throughout the 1980s, being a part of over 110 releases. The minimum guarantee tag he earned with hit film Surakshaa continued with its sequel Wardat. His lead roles in Hum Paanch, Unees-Bees and Aadat Se Majboor made him the most bankable star of 80's. He also done lighter roles in Shaukeen, Sun Sajna and Aamne Samne, which made him a favourite among family audience. But Disco Dancer became the real blockbuster in 1982, the breakthrough role of musical drama which was a huge success and remains a cult favorite to this day. Along with Disco Dancer and other musical films such as Kasam Paida Karne Wale Ki and Dance Dance in a time where dancing was essentially a woman's forté in India, showcased him as a talented dancer. As Amitabh Bachchan moved to politics, Mithun became the numero uno of Bollywood with consistent hit films and became Bollywood' s second highest paid star after Big B.^[9] He also became India's highest tax payer in 1986.^[10] Chakraborty went on to star in a number of successful romantic and family dramas during the 1980s, such as Mujhe Insaaf Chahiye, Ghar Ek Mandir, Pyaar Jhukta Nahin, Swarag Se Sunder and Pyaar Ka Mandir. These films remain his most commercially successful films to date.^[11] He was also widely recognized as an action hero in hit films like Jagir (1984), Jaal, Dilwaala (1986), Watan Ke Rakhwale (1987), Jeete Hain Shaan Se, Waqt Ki Awaz (1988) and Guru (1989). His action movies always done good business especially in B and C class theatres. However his teaming with Amitabh Bachchan again in Ganga Jamuna Saraswati flopped, but Mithun had a good teaming with Jeetendra and Dharmendra in many successful movies of 80's. His good performances never won an Award in 1986 and 1987 as Filmfare Awards was never announced due to technical reasons. As Mithun always had higher number of releases, sometimes it affected the business of his own films as happened in 1989, where he had a record 19 films. Still his Prem Pratigyaa, Guru, Ilaaka and Mujrim were successful. Had he concentrated in spacing out his releases, the success ratio would have been higher.

1990s[link]

Mithun had 100 plus releases in this decade too, starting with Agneepath which won him the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. Films like Shandaar, Pyar Ka Karz, Gunahon Ka Devta, Pyar Ka Devta, Pyar Hua Chori Chori, Trinetra and Mere Sajana Saath Nibhana followed. In 1992, the critically acclaimed Bengali film Tahader Katha won him his second National Film Award for Best Actor. In this period he decided to take a break from Mumbai. He shifted his entire family to Ooty and he constructed The Monarch Hotel. Mithun then decided to do movies only to be shot at Ooty and nearby locations and he provided discount rates to the film crew to stay in his hotel as well. This strategy paid off as numerous films starring Mithun was launched every week, so he shifted his focus from mainstream Hindi cinema to low-budget movies. Hit film Dalaal was released followed by other low budget hit films like Phool Aur Angaar and Ravan Raaj: A True Story. Jallad won him the Filmfare Best Villain Award and Star Screen Award Best Villain for the year 1995. His economical film production was popular as Mithun's Dream Factory.^{[12][13][14][15][16]} Even he could not do Mani Ratnam's Tamil film Iruvar as his character had to crop his hair, which would have affected 15 films he was doing, at a time. He paid more tax than anyone else in the country in the mean period for 5 continuous years, from 1995 to 1999.^[10] By this time, Chakraborty held the record for appearing in the most number of Hindi films as a hero. Once again the overdose of Mithun releases affected the business as 1998 and 1999 itself had almost 30 Mithun films like 1989. This decade proved Mithun as a businessman more than a star as low budget filmmakers were given their due by Mithun. He operates hotels in Mudhumalai and Ooty in Tamil Nadu, Darjeeling, Siliguri^[17] and Kolkata in West Bengal.^[18]

2000s[link]

Mithun's Dream Factory films still continued to hold the audiences, moreover he started doing more Bengali films as well. Chakraborty also made a comeback to the mainstream Hindi film industry in 2005 with the film Elaan. After a few supporting roles in films such as Lucky: No Time for Love (2005), he was acclaimed for his villainous role in Kalpana Lajmi's Chingari (2005). In 2007 he starred in Mani Ratnam's hit film Guru. His 2009 movie Zor Lagaa Ke...Haiya! won multiple International awards^[19] and Chal Chalein was appreciated by critics for its bold theme. Critically acclaimed Phir Kabhi with Dimple Kapadia had a very successful première through a direct to home (DTH) release in September 2009 and won as many as six awards in as many categories at the Los Angeles Reel Awards-2009. His act along with Salman Khan in Veer (2010), though a commercial failure, won him rave reviews, but Golmaal 3 (2010) and Housefull 2 (2012) became blockbusters at the box-office. He won acclaim for best performance in Golmaal 3 He is working on Enemmy with his son Mimoh Chakraborty, Sunil Shetty and Yuvika Chaudhary. He has also signed Akshay Kumar' s Khiladi 786.

Regional films[link]

Parallel to his Bollywood career, Mithun Chakraborty has also worked in Bengali, as well as in realistic or arthouse movies including Troyee, made in 1982. He appeared in director Buddhadeb Dasgupta's Tahader Katha which got him his second National Award in 1992. A third National Award followed in 1995, this time for the Best Supporting Actor, for his portrayal of Ramakrishna Paramhansa, in G V Iyer's Swami Vivekananda. Mithun, occasionally did Bengali films like Anyay Abichar, Swarna Trishna and Jiban Yuddha, but post 2000, he has concentrated more in Bengali films. He also appeared in Goutam Ghose's Gudia in 1999 as well as Rituparno Ghosh's Titli in 2002. In 2008, he collaborated again with Buddhadeb Dasgupta for Kaalpurush and later appeared in hit films Shukno Lanka, Ami Shubhash Bolchi and Target-The Final Mission. His performances in Mrigaya, Tahader Katha, Swami Vivekananda, Kalpurush and Titli won him National Film Awards and nominations. His debut Bhojpuri film Bhole Shankar is considered as the biggest Bhojpuri hit.^[20] Similarly his Oriya language film Ae Jugara Krushna Sudama was also a huge success.^[21] The latest Bengali hits for Mithun are Nobel Chor and Le Halwa Le.

Sports[link]

Mithun Chakraborty was also the co-owner of Royal Bengal Tigers, a cricket team of the now abandoned Indian Cricket League.^[22] In a football match, he even captained celebrity XI against team of ex-footballers captained by former Indian Cricket Captain Sourav Ganguly. It was a benefit match to raise charity fund.^[23]

Personal life[link]

Mithun Chakraborty is married to former Indian actress Yogeeta Bali and has four children, three sons and a daughter. The eldest son, Mimoh Chakraborty is an actor in Bollywood, who made his debut in the 2008 film Jimmy. His second son, Rimoh Chakraborty played Mithun's younger version in the film Phir Kabhi. Mithun's other two children, Namashi Chakraborty and Dishani Chakraborty, are currently studying.

Awards and Nominations[link]

• 1976 - National Film Award for Best Actor - Mrigaya
• 1996 - National Film Award for Best Actor - Tahader Katha
• 1998 - National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor - Swami Vivekananda

Filmfare Awards[link]

• 1990 - Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award - Agneepath - Won
• 1995 - Filmfare Best Villain Award - Jallaad - Won
• 2008 - Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award - Guru - Nominated

Star Screen Awards[link]

• 1995 - Star Screen Award Best Villain for Jallaad

Stardust Awards[link]

• 2007 - Stardust Award for Lifetime Achievement^[24]
• 2007 - Role Model Of The Year Award^[25]

Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards[link]

• 1977 - BFJA Awards, Best Actor - Mrigayaa^[26]
• 1995 - BFJA Awards, Best Actor - Tahader Katha^[27]

Anandalok Awards[link]

• 1999 - Special Editor Award
• 2001 - Best Actor
• 2007 - Best Actor - Minister Fatakesto

IIFA Awards[link]

• 2011 - Best Supporting Actor Award - Golmaal 3 - Nominated ^{[28][citation needed]}

Selected filmography[link]

Books on Mithun Chakraborty[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• !
• Mithun Chakraborty at the Internet Movie Database

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mithun Chakraborty

• Rishi Kapoor, Mithun Chakraborty's item number!
• Mithun Chakraborty rocks it
• Mithun Da wins over cine workers' hearts
• Mithun Chakraborty, the professional

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