Elis Ἦλις
Region of Ancient Greece
Ruins of the Temple of Zeus, Olympia
Location:	Peloponnese
Major cities:	Elis, Olympia
Dialects:	Doric
Key periods:
Map of ancient Elis

Elis, or Eleia (Greek, Modern: Ήλιδα Ilida, Ancient: Ἦλις Ēlis; Doric: Ἆλις Alis; Elean: Ϝαλις Walis, ethnonym: Ϝαλειοι) is an ancient district that corresponds with the modern Elis regional unit. It is in southern Greece on the Peloponnesos peninsula, bounded on the north by Achaea, east by Arcadia, south by Messenia, and west by the Ionian Sea. Over the course of the archaic and classical periods, the polis of Elis controlled much of the region of Elis, most probably through unequal treaties with other cities, which will have had perioikic status.^[1]

The first Olympic festival was organized in Elean land, Olympia, Greece by the authorities of Elis in the 8th century BCE - with tradition dating the first games at 776 BCE. The Hellanodikai, the judges of the Games, were of Elean origin.^{[citation needed]}

The local form of the name was Valis, or Valeia, and its meaning, in all probability, “the lowland” (compare with the word "valley").^{[citation needed]} In its physical constitution Elis is similar to Achaea and Arcadia; its mountains are mere offshoots of the Arcadian highlands, and its principal rivers are fed by Arcadian springs.^{[citation needed]}

According to Strabo,^[2] the first settlement was created by Oxylus the Aetolian who invaded there and subjugated the residents. The city of Elis underwent synoikism—as Strabo notes—in 471 BC.^[3] Elis held authority over the site of Olympia and the Olympic games.

The spirit of the games had influenced the formation of the market: apart from the bouleuterion, which was housed in one of the gymnasia, most of the other buildings were related to the games, including two gymnasia, a palaestrum, and the House of the Hellanodikai.^{[citation needed]}

Districts[link]

As described by Strabo,^[4] Elis was divided into three districts:

• Coele (Κοίλη Koilē "hollow") or Lowland Elis,
• Pisatis (Πισᾶτις Pīsātis), or the territory of Pisa, and
• Triphylia (Τριφυλία Triphūlia "the country of the three tribes").

Coele Elis, the largest and most northern of the three, was watered by the river Peneus and its tributary the Ladon. The district was famous during antiquity for its cattle and horses. Pisatis extended south from Coele Elis to the right bank of the river Alpheus, and was divided into eight departments named after as many towns. Triphylia stretches south from the Alpheus to the river Neda.^{[citation needed]}

Nowadays Elis is a small village of 150 citizens, located 14 km NE of Amaliada, built over the ruins of the ancient town. It has a museum that contains treasures, discovered in various excavations. It also has one of the most well-preserved ancient theaters in Greece. Built in the 4th century BC, the theater had a capacity of 8,000 people; below it Protoelladic and sub-Mycenaean graves have been found.^{[citation needed]} Elis is well known for breeding horses and its hosting of the Olympic games.

List of Eleans[link]

Athletes

• Coroebus of Elis, the first Ancient Olympic gold-medalist

In mythology

• Salmoneus, Aethlius, Pelops mythological kings of Elis
• Endymion
• Sons of Endymion:
  • Epeius
  • Aetolus
  • Paeon
• Augeas, king of Elis related to the Fifth Labour of Heracles
• Amphimachus, king of Elis and leader of Eleans in Trojan War
• Thalpius, leader of Eleans in Trojan War
• Oxylus, king of Elis

Intellectuals

• Alexinus (c. 339-265 BC), philosopher
• Hippias of Elis, Greek sophist
• Phaedo of Elis, founder of the Elean School^[5]
• Pyrrho, philosopher
• Troilus (4th century BC) athlete

Eleans as barbarians[link]

Eleans were labelled as the greatest barbarians barbarotatoi by musician Stratonicus of Athens^[6]

In Hesychius (s.v. βαρβαρόφωνοι) and other ancient lexica^[7] Eleans are also listed as barbarophones. Indeed the North-West Doric dialect of Elis is, after the Aeolic dialects, one of the most difficult for the modern reader of epigraphic texts.^[8]

Gallery[link]

• 

  The theater

• 

  Ruins of the city with a view of the acropolis

• 

  The Agora

• 

  A view of the ancient city of Elis

• 

  Archaeological area of Elis - the Sanctuaries

References[link]

Sources[link]

•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Elis (district)". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Elis (city)". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Elis, Philosophical School of". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

External links[link]

• Map from the Hellenic Ministry of Culture
• Elis - the city of the Olympic games

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2010)

Elis Regina
Elis Regina
Background information
Birth name	Elis Regina Carvalho Costa
Also known as	Pimentinha or Furacão
Born	(1945-03-17)March 17, 1945 Porto Alegre, Brazil
Died	January 19, 1982(1982-01-19) (aged 36) São Paulo, Brazil
Genres	MPB, samba, rock, pop, jazz, bossa nova
Years active	1961–1982

Elis Regina Carvalho Costa, known simply as Elis Regina (Portuguese pronunciation: [eˈlis ʁeˈʒinɐ]; Porto Alegre, March 17, 1945 – São Paulo, January 19, 1982) was an important singer of Brazilian popular music.^[1] She became nationally renowned in 1965, after singing "Arrastão" (composed by Edu Lobo and Vinícius de Moraes) in the first edition of TV Excelsior festival song contest, and soon joined O Fino da Bossa, a television program on TV Record. Elis was noted for her perfect vocalization, as well as for her personal interpretation and outstanding performances in shows. She recorded several successful compositions, such as "Como nossos pais" (Belchior), "Upa Neguinho" (E. Lobo and Gianfrancesco Guarnieri), "Madalena" (Ivan Lins), "Casa no Campo" (Zé Rodrix and Tavito), "Águas de Março" (Tom Jobim), "Atrás da porta" (Chico Buarque and Francis Hime), "O bêbado e a equilibrista" (Aldir Blanc and João Bosco), "Conversando no bar" (Milton Nascimento), etc. Her premature death, at the age of 36, shocked Brazil. Elis Regina is widely regarded as the best Brazilian singer of all times by many critics, musicians, and commentators.^{[2][3][4][5][6]}

Biography[link]

Childhood home of Elis Regina, in Porto Alegre.

Elis Regina was born in Porto Alegre, where she began her career as a singer at age 11 on a children's radio show, O Clube Do Guri on Rádio Farroupilha. In 1959, she was contracted by Rádio Gaúcha and in the next year she travelled to Rio de Janeiro where she recorded her first LP, Viva a Brotolândia (Long Live Teenage Land).^[2]

She won her first festival song contest in 1965 singing Arrastão (Pull The Trawling Net)^[7] by Edu Lobo and Vinícius de Moraes, which, when released as a single, made her the biggest selling Brazilian recording artist since Carmen Miranda. The second LP with Jair Rodrigues, Dois na Bossa, set a national sales record and became the first Brazilian LP to sell over one million copies. Arrastão by Elis also launched her career for a national audience, since that festival was broadcast via TV and radio. For the history of Brazilian music, the record represented the beginning of a new musical style that would be known as MPB (Música Popular Brasileira or Brazilian Popular Music), distinguished from the previous bossa nova.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, along with Gal Costa, Caetano Veloso and Gilberto Gil, Elis Regina helped to popularize the work of the tropicalismo (Tropicália) movement, recording songs by musicians such as Gilberto Gil. Her 1974 collaboration with Antonio Carlos Jobim, Elis & Tom, is often cited as one of the greatest bossa nova albums of all time, which also includes what many consider the all-time best Brazilian song, "Águas de Março". She also recorded songs by Milton Nascimento, João Bosco, Aldir Blanc, Chico Buarque,Guinga, Jorge Ben, Baden Powell, Caetano Veloso and Rita Lee. Her nicknames were "furacão" ("hurricane") and "pimentinha" ("little pepper").

She sometimes criticized the Brazilian dictatorship which had persecuted and exiled many musicians of her generation. In a 1969 interview in Europe, she said that Brazil was being run by "gorillas". Her popularity kept her out of jail, but she was eventually compelled by the authorities to sing the Brazilian national anthem in a stadium show, drawing the ire of many Brazilian Leftists. She was later forgiven because they understood that, as both a mother and daughter, she had to protect her family from the dictatorship at any cost. Along with many other artists Elis was living each verse of Geraldo Vandré's political hymn:^[8]: Yet they make of a flower their strongest refrain, And believe flowers to defeat guns. While her earlier records were mostly apolitical, from the mid-'70s on her music became more engaged, and she began to choose compositions and structure her conceptually complex live shows in ways as to criticize the military government, capitalism, racial and sexual injustice and other forms of inequality. Lyrics to songs recorded towards the end of her career carried overt socialist leanings, and in 1980, she joined the Workers' Party.

Her rendition of Jobim / Vinicius' song "Por Toda A Minha Vida" appeared on the soundtrack to the 2002 movie Hable con Ella (Talk to Her) directed by Pedro Almodóvar and her song "Roda" appeared on the soundtrack to the 2005 movie Be Cool.

Family[link]

Elis married twice and gave birth to three children. Her first marriage was to Ronaldo Bôscoli in 1967. She gave birth to a son, João Marcelo Bôscoli, in 1970. She later married her long-time collaborator César Camargo Mariano, and had two more children with him: Pedro Camargo Mariano in 1975, and Maria Rita in 1977. The three children all later became musicians and/or producers. After many years of complete obscurity, Maria Rita became a national singing sensation after a lengthy marketing campaign, like her mother, winning three Latin Grammies for her debut eponymous CD. João Marcello Boscoli, owner of the Trama recording company, produced the first Elis Regina DVD allowing many of her fans to see her performing for the first time. The DVD was a recording of a 1973 Brazilian TV show featuring songs, Elis' running commentary introducing each song, and an interview. Pedro Camargo Mariano most recently sang with his father, the brilliant pianist and arranger Cesar Camargo Mariano, on a Latin Grammy–nominated CD called "Piano & Voz" (Piano and Voice). More DVDs of Elis Regina performances have subsequently been released.

Death[link]

Elis Regina died at the age of 36 in 1982, from an accidental cocaine, alcohol, and temazepam interaction.^[1]More than 15,000 people, among friends, relatives and fans, held her wake at Teatro Bandeirantes, in São Paulo, with large groups of fans singing her songs. More than 100,000 people followed her funeral procession throughout São Paulo. She was buried in Cemitério do Morumbi.^[9]

Biography[link]

Regina Echeverria Portuguese: Furacão Elis by Regina Echeverria

English: Furacão Elis by Regina Echeverria –English translation Robert St-Louis ^[10] Chronology of Elis' life: Chronology

Discography[link]

• 1961: Viva a Brotolândia (first album recording in 1961 at age 16)
• 1962: Poema de Amor
• 1963: O Bem do Amor
• 1963: Ellis Regina (listed with two l's)
• 1965: Dois na Bossa
• 1965: O Fino do Fino – Elis & Zimbo Trio
• 1965: Samba, Eu Canto Assim!
• 1966: Dois na Bossa nº2
• 1966: Elis
• 1967: Dois na Bossa nº3
• 1968: Elis Especial
• 1969: Elis, Como & Porque
• 1969: Elis Regina in London
• 1969: Aquarela do Brasil – Elis Regina & Toots Thielemans
• 1970: Em Pleno Verão
• 1970: Elis no Teatro da Praia com Miele & Bôscoli
• 1971: Ela
• 1972: Elis
• 1973: Elis - no 2
• 1973: Elis
• 1974: Elis
• 1974: Elis & Tom
• 1976: Falso Brilhante
• 1977: Elis
• 1978: Transversal do Tempo (live)
• 1979: Essa Mulher
• 1979: Elis Especial
• 1980: Saudades do Brasil
• 1980: Elis
• 1982: Montreux Jazz Festival – 16 tracks.
• 1982: Trem Azul (live) a bootleg final live recording.
• 1983: Vento de Maio (compilation)
• 1984: Luz das Estrelas
• 1987: Personalidade
• 1994: Elis Regina no Fino da Bossa (live)
• 1994: Dose Dupla-Elis Regina (digital compilation of her first 2 recordings from 1961 and 1962)
• 1995: Elis ao Vivo (live)
• 2001: Sucessos Inesquecíveis de Elis Regina (compilation)
• 2002: 20 Anos de Saudade (compilation)
• 2004: Little Pepper: The Definitive Collection (compilation)
• 2005: Elis Regina: MPB Especial 1973 – black and white DVD released in 2005 (TV show)
• 2006: Elis Regina Carvalho Costa – full color DVD released in 2006 (live show)
• 2006: Elis full color 3 DVD box set  :composed of "Na Batucada Da Vida", "Doce De Pimenta", and "Falso Brilhante"
• 2006: Por toda a minha vida – Brazilian TV GLOBO special in December 28, 2006 (TV show)
• 2006: Pérolas Raras
• 2012: Um Dia -the complete 27 track Elis Regina 1979 Montreux Jazz Festival live performance on 2 CDs (Warner).

Further reading[link]

• KIECHALOSKI, Zeca (1984) Elis Regina. Col. Esses Gaúchos. Porto Alegre: Tchê! 101p.
• ECHEVERRIA, Regina (1985) Furacão Elis. Inclui cronologia e discografia por Maria Luiza Kfouri. Rio de Janeiro: Nórdica / Círculo do Livro. 363p. 2.ed. rev. ampl. 1994 (São Paulo: Ed. Globo); 3.ed. 2002 (São Paulo: Ed. Globo). 239p. ISBN 85-250-3514-9
• Elis Regina Por Ela Mesma. (1995) Org. Osny Arashiro. São Paulo: Martin Claret. 2.ed. rev. 2004. 229p. ISBN 85-7232-085-7
• O Melhor de Elis Regina. (2003) Melodias cifradas com as letras de 28 músicas do repertório de Elis Regina. Ed. Irmãos Vitale. 112p. ISBN 85-7407-088-2
• SARSANO, José Roberto. (2005) Boulevard des Capucines. Teatro Olympia, Paris 1968: Elis Regina e Bossa Jazz Trio em uma época de ouro da MPB. Ed. Árvore da Terra. 207p. ISBN 85-85136-29-4
• GOÉS, Ludenbergue. Mulher brasileira em primeiro lugar: o exemplo e as lições de vida de 130 brasileiras consagradas no exterior. Ediouro Publicações, 2007. ISBN 85-00-01998-0
• Ricardo Pugialli, Almanaque da Jovem guarda: nos embalos de uma década cheia de brasa, mora?. Ediouro Publicações, 2006. ISBN 85-00-02073-3
• Walter Silva, Vou te contar: histórias de música popular brasileira. Conex, 2002. ISBN 85-88953-05-6
• Osny Arashiro, Elis Regina por ela mesma. M. Claret, 1995.

References[link]

External links[link]

Biography portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Elis Regina

• Biography of Elis Regina (Portuguese)
• Biography and discography of Elis Regina (English)
• Videos e history (Portuguese)
• "Elis Regina". Find a Grave. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=6361. Retrieved September 3, 2010. 
• Billboard.com Biography of Elis Regina (English)
• Elis Regina discography at Discogs
• [1]
• Chronology (English) from Furacão Elis The biography by Regina Echeverria

Adrian Minune (real name Adrian Simionescu, born September 24, 1974) is a Romani-Romanian manele singer.

Family[link]

Adrian Minune married his long time life-partner Cati in 2004 and has two daughters (Caren and Adriana) and a son (Adrian Jr.) with her. His mother Florenţa, who raised him alone since he was two years old, also lives with them...

Filmography[link]

He has made appearances in:

1. Gadjo dilo (1997) as L'Enfant Prodige
2. Furia (2002) as himself

See also[link]

• Manele
• Lăutari
• Nicolae Guţă
• Costi Ioniţă

References[link]

• Article about Minune's wedding
• Article about Minune and his mother
• A student documentary about Adrian Minune

External links[link]

• IMDB entry for Adrian Simionescu
• list of top tracks
• Listen to Radio Manele