Standard Model

The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions, as well as classifying all the subatomic particles known. It was developed throughout the latter half of the 20th century, as a collaborative effort of scientists around the world. The current formulation was finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks. Since then, discoveries of the top quark (1995), the tau neutrino (2000), and more recently the Higgs boson (2012), have given further credence to the Standard Model. Because of its success in explaining a wide variety of experimental results, the Standard Model is sometimes regarded as a "theory of almost everything".

Although the Standard Model is believed to be theoretically self-consistent and has demonstrated huge and continued successes in providing experimental predictions, it does leave some phenomena unexplained and it falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions. It does not incorporate the full theory of gravitation as described by general relativity, or account for the accelerating expansion of the universe (as possibly described by dark energy). The model does not contain any viable dark matter particle that possesses all of the required properties deduced from observational cosmology. It also does not incorporate neutrino oscillations (and their non-zero masses).

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Particle physics

Particle physics (also high energy physics) is the branch of physics that studies the nature of the particles that constitute matter (particles with mass) and radiation (massless particles). Although the word "particle" can refer to various types of very small objects (e.g. protons, gas particles, or even household dust), "particle physics" usually investigates the irreducibly smallest detectable particles and the irreducibly fundamental force fields necessary to explain them. By our current understanding, these elementary particles are excitations of the quantum fields that also govern their interactions. The currently dominant theory explaining these fundamental particles and fields, along with their dynamics, is called the Standard Model. Thus, modern particle physics generally investigates the Standard Model and its various possible extensions, e.g. to the newest "known" particle, the Higgs boson, or even to the oldest known force field, gravity.

Subatomic particles

Modern particle physics research is focused on subatomic particles, including atomic constituents such as electrons, protons, and neutrons (protons and neutrons are composite particles called baryons, made of quarks), produced by radioactive and scattering processes, such as photons, neutrinos, and muons, as well as a wide range of exotic particles. Dynamics of particles is also governed by quantum mechanics; they exhibit wave–particle duality, displaying particle-like behaviour under certain experimental conditions and wave-like behaviour in others. In more technical terms, they are described by quantum state vectors in a Hilbert space, which is also treated in quantum field theory. Following the convention of particle physicists, the term elementary particles is applied to those particles that are, according to current understanding, presumed to be indivisible and not composed of other particles.

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CERN

Coordinates: 46°14′03″N 6°03′10″E / 46.23417°N 6.05278°E / 46.23417; 6.05278

The European Organization for Nuclear Research (French: Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire), known as CERN (/ˈsɜːrn/; French pronunciation: [sɛʁn]; derived from the name "Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire"; see History), is a European research organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, the organization is based in a northwest suburb of Geneva on the Franco–Swiss border, (46°14′3″N 6°3′19″E / 46.23417°N 6.05528°E / 46.23417; 6.05528) and has 21 member states.Israel is the first (and currently only) non-European country granted full membership.

The term CERN is also used to refer to the laboratory, which in 2013 had 2,513 staff members, and hosted some 12,313 fellows, associates, apprentices as well as visiting scientists and engineers representing 608 universities and research facilities.

CERN's main function is to provide the particle accelerators and other infrastructure needed for high-energy physics research – as a result, numerous experiments have been constructed at CERN as a result of international collaborations.

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Latest News for: cern the standard model of particle physics

Within 10 years, a high-luminosity LHC at CERN

PhysOrg 21 Jun 2018

A new site opened on Friday, June 15, 2018, at the LHC, the Large Hadron Collider. Begun in 2011, this project aims to commission a high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) by 2026 that will increase the number of proton-proton collisions and gather more data. France is contributing substantially to this project (to the tune of 180 million euros, including salaries) ... ....

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Dir Archives Reviews Progress On SPS Museum Upgradation

Kashmir Observer 21 Jun 2018

During the meeting, the concerned expressed their ideas and opinions for the timely completion of the project....

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Filipino and Indian students win CERN Beamline for Schools competition 2018

Public Technologies 20 Jun 2018

CERN Beamline for Schools 2018 winners (Right) Team from the International School of Manila, Philippines ... In September, they will carry out their proposed experiments at CERN together with professional researchers. This CERN initiative is open to high-school students from all over the world who want to get a taste of the life of a scientist ... http.//beamline-for-schools.web.cern.ch. http.//beamline-for-schools.web.cern.ch/2018-edition....

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Speaker Reviews Working Of Assembly Secretariat

Kashmir Observer 19 Jun 2018

Threadbare discussions were held on the internal issues of various sections of the Assembly Secretariat ... Taking cognizance of various issues highlighted during the meeting issues faced by the Assembly Secretariat, the Speaker sought suggestions from the concerned for overall improvement of the system ... ....

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How Apple’s legendary Advanced Technology Group changed our world

Fast Company 19 Jun 2018

At this year’s WWDC, Apple delighted some users with a new feature in macOS Mojave. Called “Stacks,” the new functionality automatically sorts your desktop clutter into neat stacks of file types at the blink of an eye ... the Advanced Technology Group ... CERN scientist Tim Berners-Lee took good note of Atkinson’s work, though, as did Robert Cailliau, who assisted Berners-Lee in creating the first web browser ... More....

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Upgraded Large Hadron Collider gives scientists access to more 'God particles'

Deccan Chronicle 18 Jun 2018

The work involves heavy civil engineering at the LHC's two main sites in Switzerland and France which are run by Europe's physics lab CERN, that will allow it to operate in a high-luminosity mode from 2026 ... of collisions in the large experiments and thus boosting the probability of the discovery of new physics phenomena," CERN said....

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AP Top Science News at 5:50 a.m. EDT

Columbia Missourian 17 Jun 2018

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Astronaut Chris Hadfield says the rockets from NASA, SpaceX, and Blue Origin won't take people to Mars

Business Insider 17 Jun 2018

Former astronaut Chris Hadfield in 2014. Chris Hadfield, most widely known for his zero-gravity guitar-playing, has seen an impressive amount of space travel ... NASA's Space Launch System, SpaceX's Big Falcon Rocket, and Blue Origin's New Glenn rocket ... They'd die ... "Maybe the work that's going on with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the space station, and in the particle accelerator in CERN, and other places ... So who knows?" ... NOW WATCH ... ....

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Hawaii Supreme Court to hear TMT arguments on Thursday

Star Advertiser 17 Jun 2018

It is high noon, again, for astronomers who want to erect a gigantic telescope on Mauna Kea, the grand volcano on Hawaii island. On Thursday, the Hawaii Supreme Court will hear oral arguments on whether to approve a building permit for the telescope, which would be the biggest and most expensive in the Northern Hemisphere ... CERN then built the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland, which has been the center of physics ever since ... Rep ... ....

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Work begins to boost capacity of CERN’s giant particle smasher

Dawn 16 Jun 2018

The work involves heavy civil engineering at the LHC’s two main sites in Switzerland and France which are run by Europe’s physics lab CERN, that will allow it to operate in a high-luminosity mode from 2026 ... and thus boosting the probability of the discovery of new physics phenomena,” CERN said....

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CERN launches collider upgrade

The Telegraph India 16 Jun 2018

Europe's physics research centre CERN launched ......

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CERN starts work to boost collider’s power tenfold, shining brighter light on physics mysteries

Japan Times 16 Jun 2018

The European physics research center CERN launched an upgrade of its Large Hadron Collider (LHC) on Friday, six years after the huge particle accelerator solved ... ....

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Upgrade to boost capacity of CERN's giant particle smasher (Update)

PhysOrg 16 Jun 2018

A major upgrade began Friday for the world's most powerful proton smasher to increase the number of particle collisions inside the Large Hadron Collider and help further explore the fundamental building blocks of the universe ... ....

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