Korean War Armistice Agreement

An armistice is a situation in a war where the warring parties agree to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, since it might be just a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace. It is derived from the Latin arma, meaning weapons and statium, meaning a stopping.

A truce or ceasefire usually refers to a temporary cessation of hostilities for an agreed limited time or within a limited area. A truce may be needed in order to negotiate an armistice. An armistice is a modus vivendi and is not the same as a peace treaty, which may take months or even years to agree on. The 1953 Korean War Armistice Agreement^[1] is a major example of an armistice which has not been followed by a peace treaty.

The United Nations Security Council often imposes or tries to impose cease-fire resolutions on parties in modern conflicts. Armistices are always negotiated between the parties themselves and are thus generally seen as more binding than non-mandatory UN cease-fire resolutions in modern international law.

The key aspect in an armistice is the fact that "all fighting ends with no one surrendering." This is in contrast to an unconditional surrender, which is a surrender without conditions, except for those provided by international law.^{[citation needed]}

International Law regarding armistices[link]

Under International Law an armistice is a legal agreement (often in a document) which ends fighting between the "belligerent parties" of a war or conflict.^[2] The Hague II (1899) Treaty, says "If its [e.g., the armistice's] duration is not fixed," the parties can resume fighting (Article 36) as they chose, but with proper notifications. This is in comparison to a "fixed duration" armistice, where the parties can renew fighting only at the end of the particular fixed duration.^[3] When the belligerent parties say (in effect), "this armistice completely ends the fighting" without any end date for the armistice, then duration of the armistice is fixed in the sense that no resumption of the fighting is allowed at any time. For example, the Korean Armistice Agreement calls for a "ceasefire and armistice" and has the "objective of establishing an armistice which will insure a complete cessation of hostilities and of all acts of armed force in Korea until a final peaceful settlement is achieved..."

Important armistices in history[link]

The most notable armistice, simply known by Europeans as "The Armistice", was the armistice at the end of World War I, on 11 November 1918, signed near Compiègne, France, and effective at the "eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month."^[4]

1949 Armistice Agreements between Israel and its neighbors Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria.^[5]

Korean War Armistice Agreement, July 1953.

Other armistices in history[link]

• Armistice of Copenhagen of 1537 ended the Danish war known as the Count's Feud.
• Armistice of Stuhmsdorf of 1635 between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden.
• Peace of Westphalia of 1648 that ended the Thirty Years' War.
• World War I
  

  

  The announcing of the armistice on November 11, 1918, was the occasion for large celebrations in the allied nations. Seen here is Philadelphia, USA.
  • Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers, at Brest-Litovsk, 1918 (see Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)
  • Armistice with Bulgaria, also known as the Armistice of Solun, September 1918
  • Armistice with Germany (Compiègne), 1918
  • Austrian-Italian Armistice of Villa Giusti ended the First World War on the Italian front in early November 1918
  • Armistice of Mudros Between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies, 1918
• Armistice of Mudanya between Turkey, Italy, France and Britain and later Greece, 1922.
• World War II
  • Armistice with France (Second Compiègne), 1940
  • Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre between British forces in the Middle East and Vichy France forces in Syria, 1941
  • Armistice with Italy, 1943
  • Moscow Armistice, signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on 19 September 1944 ending the Continuation War.
• Armistice of Trung Gia signed by France and the Viet Minh on 20 July 1954 ending the First Indochina War.
• 1962 armistice in Algeria attempted to end the Algerian War.

Armistice Day[link]

Armistice Day is still celebrated in many countries on the anniversary of the World War I 1918 armistice; alternatively 11 November, or a Sunday near to it, may still be observed as a Remembrance Day.^[6] In the United States of America, November 11 is observed as Veterans' Day.

References[link]

External links[link]

Look up armistice in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• "Allied Armistice Terms, 11 November 1918". The War to End All Wars. FirstWorldWar.com. http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/armisticeterms.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-04. 
• The Expanded Cease-Fires Data Set Code Book

Jay Joseph Malinowski
Bedouin Soundclash frontman Jay Malinowski in New York City, 2008.
Background information
Born	1982 (age 29–30) Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Origin	Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Genres	Reggae
Occupations	Musician, Artist
Instruments	Acoustic Guitar, Electric Guitar, Piano
Years active	2001–present
Labels	Stomp Records, Dine Alone Records, SideOneDummy Records
Associated acts	Bedouin Soundclash, Cœur de pirate, Armistice
Website	Official website
Members
Eon Sinclair
Notable instruments
Fender Telecaster

Jay Malinowski (born 1982) is a Canadian vocalist and guitarist for the Canadian reggae group Bedouin Soundclash.^[1]At the age of 16 he played his first show. He met the group's future bassist Eon Sinclair while attending Queen's University, and they decided to form their own band which reflected the music they both grew up on.

Malinowski was born in Montreal, Quebec in 1982, but he grew up in Vancouver, British Columbia. Malinowski has strong family ties to Toronto, Ontario as both of his parents are from the Toronto area.

Malinowski also has a solo musical career with his LP Bright Lights and Bruises which was released on February 6, 2010. The record was said to be like a diary for him, after losing a band mate and a seven-year relationship.^{[citation needed]}

Malinowski is also a painter. He has a studio in Toronto, and works mainly with wax and oil paint. Additionally, he does the majority of visual work for Bedouin Soundclash, including all album artwork for the band's three LP releases. He has exhibited in Toronto, including a solo exhibition of his work in October 2004.^{[citation needed]}

Malinowski appears on the Culver City Dub Collective record Dos, on the song co-written with the group Bad Reaction. The group is a side project of Jack Johnson's drummer Adam Topol which also features collaborations from Johnson and Ben Harper.

Malinowski recorded a five song EP with Cœur de pirate and The Bronx, under the band name Armistice. The EP was released February 15, 2011 and contains the single "Mission Bells". ^[2]

Footnotes[link]

External links[link]

• Jay Malinowski Maestro Page

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Patrick Wolf
Background information
Birth name	Patrick Denis Apps
Born	(1983-06-30) 30 June 1983 (age 28)
Genres	Indietronica Folktronica Alternative rock Baroque pop
Occupations	Singer-songwriter
Years active	2002–present
Labels	Low Altitude Records Faith & Industry Tomlab Loog Bloody Chamber Music Mercury Records
Website	PatrickWolf.com

Patrick Wolf (born Patrick Denis Apps on 30 June 1983) is an English singer-songwriter from South London. Patrick utilises a wide variety of instruments in his music, most commonly the ukulele, piano and viola. Known for combining electronic sampling with classical instruments, Wolf's styles range from romantic folk to techno-pop.

Biography[link]

Patrick Wolf was born in St Thomas' Hospital,^[1] South London,^[2][3] into a creative family. He started his musical education with Piano lessons but soon got bored and progressed onto violin lessons and church choirs and made his first theremin at age eleven, and first began recording songs with his violin, voice, and car boot sale organs on a four-track tape recorder at age twelve. At fourteen, he joined and performed with pop art collective Minty. Two years later, he dropped his music A-Levels, which he was studying at Davies Laing and Dick Sixth Form College off Bond Street, and left home. During this period, as well as working in Super Lovers clothing store in Covent Garden, Wolf earned money from busking in a string quartet and formed a group called 'Maison Crimineaux', a noisy trio built on destructive ethics around white noise and pop music. He also continued to write and record his own material. A Maison Crimineaux gig in Paris was attended by electronic maestro Kristian Robinson (aka Capitol K), who would then go on to release Wolf's debut album Lycanthropy.

[edit] Lycanthropy and Wind in the Wires

Wolf's ongoing writing and recordings brought him to the attention of Fat Cat Records, who provided him with an Atari computer and a mixing console. During the recording of Lycanthropy, Wolf studied composition at Trinity College of Music for one year. Lycanthropy was released in the summer of 2003. He also made some guest appearances as a viola player with Chicks on Speed, Arcade Fire, Owen Pallett, CocoRosie and The Hidden Cameras. The Germany-based Tomlab later released the album in America and Europe. His second album of 2005, Wind in the Wires, which was inspired by Patrick's Cornish and Irish roots, was released on the same label and likewise met with critical acclaim. The single Tristan, based on the Cornish legend, Tristram of Lyonesse, received significant attention from critics and remains a fan favourite.

[edit] The Magic Position

Following the success of Wind in the Wires, Wolf signed a record deal with Loog in 2005 and began recording his third album, The Magic Position, which featured collaborations with Marianne Faithfull and Edward Larrikin of Larrikin Love.^[4] Its official release on 26 February met with critical acclaim, and gained a degree of commercial success due to the relative accessibility compared to his previous works.^{[citation needed]} The Magic Position was released in the United States on Low Altitude Records on 1 May 2007.^[5] A concept album on the theme of love, the majority of the album was written after the end of a long term intimate relationship. In January 2007, the first of six vodcasts was made available on iTunes. The series included live performances of old and new material and interviews. Wolf promoted the album with a concert tour in North America, Europe, Japan, and Australia, culminating in two sold out nights at London's Shepherds Bush Empire. Both of these shows, which were shot and directed by photographer Brantley Gutierrez, are in development to be shown on a Virgin channel and then released on DVD.

[edit] The Bachelor and Lupercalia

Wolf began work on his next album, initially titled Battle, immediately after The Magic Position tour ended. The album was originally conceived as a political album. The focus then shifted to the depression experienced by Wolf during the tour. However, before entering the studio, he fell in love, changing the direction of the album again, and eventually providing enough material for two releases. Wolf parted ways with Universal Records, and on 10 December 2008 announced to NME his plan to sell £10 shares of the album on bandstocks.com: "Basically, you can invest in the finishing of the album and the production of it, and you get a share in the album. So you almost become part of the record company, like a co-owner of the album."^[6] On 12 February 2009, Wolf announced that the two discs would be titled The Bachelor and The Conqueror (although the latter album title has subsequently been changed). The Bachelor's first single, "Vulture", was released on 2 April 2009, on vinyl and digital download. The B-sides include new song, "The Tinderbox", and remixes of the title track.

The Bachelor was released on 1 June 2009, while the second single from the album, "Hard Times", was released on 6 July 2009. The third and final single, "Damaris", was released on 14 December 2009.^[7]

In April 2010 it was announced that Wolf had signed a record deal with Hideout, a subsidiary of Mercury Records, who will release his fifth album, Lupercalia. The final title was announced via Twitter on 23 December 2010.^[8]

On 4 November 2010, Wolf announced that the first single from Lupercalia was to be "Time of My Life" and the song was posted on YouTube. Of the song, Wolf said: "'Time of My Life' is a song that I began writing at the end of a relationship in 2006 and then finished three years later during a temporary break-up in my current relationship. The new album has a direct narrative about love and optimism surviving through adversity and recession. I wanted to celebrate the love and hope I have found in the last few years." The song was released on 6 December 2010. He also announced that Lupercalia would be released in May 2011.

On 10 January 2011, Wolf announced on his official Twitter account that the second single from the album, "The City", would be released on 14 March 2011.^{[dated info][9][10]}

On 6 April 2011, Wolf released Lupercalia 20 June 2011 worldwide (excluding USA, where it was released 28 June 2011).^[11] In the same month, Wolf was featured on the cover of national UK publication Notion), which included an interview conducted by writer Alex Lee Thomson, clothes by James Long, and photos by James Moriarty.

Next Project[link]

On 18 May 2012 Wolf announced that he was working on his next album, to be released later in the year: "I'm going back to the studio and recording my jubilee record... The album will be totally, totally, totally stripped down. It's time for me to be retrospective about the last ten years before I move onto the next ten. I'm 28 and I think it's quite fun to sing the songs you wrote as a teenager." ^[12]

Personal life[link]

Wolf reflects that as a teenager, he was bullied at school for his perceived eccentricity and effeminacy. At the time, he was unsure whether he was gay or bisexual. Mentors at school treated him with disdain when he came to them for support on the issue. The bullying problem was only rectified after his mother changed schools. Wolf comments, "With gay or bi people, I think education still wonders if it's a nature-versus-nurture thing. If you were black, they'd know they couldn't change you, and racist bullying would never be condoned, but if someone is quite feminine or knows they might be gay at 13, they think they can change you with a bit of rugby."^[13]

On 27 February 2007, in an interview with thelondonpaper, Wolf raised questions about his sexuality: "In the same way I don’t know if my sixth album is going to be a death-metal record or children's pop, I don’t know whether I’m destined to live my life with a horse, a woman or a man. It makes life easier."^[14] In a 5 July 2007 interview with the Sydney Star Observer, he confirmed his sexuality: "My sexuality is kind of liberal. I fall in love with men and women. I guess you would call me bisexual. I like to have sex and fall in love—I don't like giving terminology for my sexuality."^[15][16][17] Later, in 2009, Wolf told The Guardian that though in the past he has had relationships with women, he now identifies himself as gay. As an artist, Wolf reflects that he doesn't like to worry about whether he makes a record "too gay or too straight or too this or too that."^[13]

In September 2008, Wolf claimed that he was beaten up by security guards for kissing his boyfriend at a Madonna concert in London. Wolf told Electroqueer: "We were beaten up outside Wembley [Stadium], handcuffed. [...] The police came and it just went on and on and on. My man's face covered in blood. [...] They totally twisted my arm and my legs - it was just mad. They are currently researching the CCTV - it just really nuts. [— sic] We basically got beaten up by the police."^[18][19]

On 31 December 2010, Patrick Wolf announced via Twitter that he was set to enter a civil partnership with his boyfriend William Pollock.^[20] He confirmed in an interview at Bestival 2011 that this will take place in summer 2012 due to touring commitments.

Modeling[link]

Wolf, along with The Paddingtons, Edward Larrikin, and The View, was featured in a series of photographs by Mario Testino as a part of a campaign for Burberry in August 2007.^[21]

Wolf has also worked with a variety of designers at London Fashion Week 2009.

Discography[link]

• Lycanthropy (2003)
• Wind in the Wires (2005)
• The Magic Position (2007)
• The Bachelor (2009)
• Lupercalia (2011)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official site
• Interview in Virgin Red Room
• Interview in Exberliner Magazine