Look up wrap in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wrap or WRAP may refer to:

Storage and preservation[link]

• Overwrap, a wrapping of items in a package or a wrapping over packages
• Plastic wrap, a thin, clear, flexible plastic used to cover food
• Shrink wrap, a polymer used to bundle boxes on a pallet for transport
• Gift wrap or wrap paper, used to enclose a present

Media and the arts[link]

• Wrap (filmmaking), the end of filming on a movie set
  • "That's a wrap!", an idiom often used by a director on a film set
• wRAP (album), 2002 album from Finnish rapper Kana
• "Wrapped" (Gloria Estefan song), the lead single from Gloria Estefan's album Unwrapped
• "Wrapped" (Bruce Robison song), a Bruce Robison song; covered by Kelly Willis in 1998 and George Strait in 2006
• WRAP (AM), the first radio station in Central Florida
• WRAP-CA, a low-power television station airing infomercials in Cleveland, Ohio on channel 32
• Gallery wrap, a method of mounting an artist's canvas onto a frame
• Word wrap, how text is continued onto the next line

Marketing and finance[link]

• Wrap advertising, a method of advertising on vehicles
• Wrap account, a financial product/platform in which a brokerage manages an investor's portfolio for a flat quarterly or annual fee
• Service wrap, a set of non-core services which are bundled with a core service to form a complete package of services that are sold

Products and services[link]

• Sandwich wrap, a food item where an outer shell is wrapped around another food item, often a standard sandwich filling or vegetables
• Mud wrap, a type of spa treatment
• Wrap (clothing), a skirt-like garment

Other[link]

• .wrap, computer video file format
• Waste & Resources Action Programme, a nonprofit quango in the United Kingdom
• Wellness Recovery Action Plan, a therapeutic method and series of self-help books
• Western Regional Advocacy Project
• Wireless Router Application Platform, a very small form factor personal computer
• Worldwide Responsible Accredited Production, a not-for-profit organization in the United States
• Worldwide Responsible Apparel Production
• To wrap up, an idiomatic verb used to indicate the completion of a task
• Wrap-up, a slang term for a conclusion or summarization
• A form of vandalism where a victim's property is covered with toilet paper

See also[link]

• All pages beginning with "Wrap"
• All pages with titles containing "Wrap"
• Wrapper (disambiguation)
• Wrapping (disambiguation)
• Cover (disambiguation)
• Enclose (disambiguation)

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Pearl White
Pearl White, c. 1916
Born	Pearl Fay White (1889-03-04)March 4, 1889 Green Ridge, Missouri, U.S.
Died	August 4, 1938(1938-08-04) (aged 49) Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
Occupation	Actress
Years active	1910–1924
Spouse	Victor Sutherland (m. 1907–1914) «start: (1907)–end+1: (1915)»"Marriage: Victor Sutherland to Pearl White" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Pearl_White) Wallace McCutcheon, Jr. (m. 1919–1920) «start: (1919)–end+1: (1921)»"Marriage: Wallace McCutcheon, Jr. to Pearl White" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Pearl_White)

Pearl Fay White (March 4, 1889 – August 4, 1938) was an American film actress, the so-called "Stunt Queen" of silent films, most notably in The Perils of Pauline.

Early life[link]

White was born in New Jersey and lived on a farm with her four brothers and sisters. Her parents, Edgar and Inez White,^[1] moved to Springfield, Missouri, where she grew up with an interest in the theater. She began performing with the Diemer Theater Company, located on Commercial Street, while in her second year of high school. In 1907, at age 18, she went on the road with the Trousedale Stock Company, working evening shows while keeping her day job to help support her family. She was soon able to join the company full time, touring through the American Midwest. That year she married fellow actor Victor Sutherland, but they soon separated and eventually divorced.

White played minor roles for several years, when she was spotted by the Powers Film Company in New York. She claimed she had also performed in Cuba for a time under the name Miss Mazee, singing American songs in a dance hall. Her travels as a singer took her to South America, where she performed in casinos and dance halls. In 1910, White had trouble with her throat, and her voice began to fail from the nightly theatrical performances. She made her debut in films that year, starring in a series of one-reel dramas and comedies for the Powers Film Company in the Bronx, New York.

Career rise[link]

In 1910, White was offered a role by Pathé Frères in The Girl From Arizona, the French company's first American film produced at their new studio in Bound Brook, New Jersey. She then worked at Lubin Studios and several other of the independents, until the Crystal Film Company in Manhattan gave her top billing in a number of short films.

In 1914, Pathé director Louis J. Gasnier offered her the starring role in The Perils of Pauline, a film based on a story by playwright Charles W. Goddard. The film was one where "Pauline" was the central character in a story involving considerable action, which the athletic Pearl White proved ideally suited for. The Perils of Pauline consisted of twenty episodes. A box-office success, the movie made White a major celebrity, and she was soon earning the then astronomical sum of $3,000 a week. She followed this with an even bigger box-office winner, The Exploits of Elaine.

Pictures, August 1922, Pearl White on the cover

Terreur, 1924

The grave of Pearl White.

Flying airplanes, racing cars, swimming across rivers, and doing other similar feats, White made four more successful serials on the same theme. She did much of her own stunt work and she suffered injuries that would force her to use a stunt double in her later films.

Personal life and later years[link]

Pearl White was a wealthy young woman when in 1919 she met and married World War I veteran Major Wallace McCutcheon, Jr. (1880–1928), an actor, director, and cinematographer. However, the marriage failed and they divorced in 1921. Two years later, White made her last American film.

Influenced by the French friends from Pathé Studios, White was drawn to the artistic gathering in the Montparnasse Quarter of Paris. While living there, she made her last film for her friend, Belgian-born director Edward José, who had directed her in several serials. Silent films could be made in any country, and as White was a recognizable star worldwide, she was offered many roles in France. Instead, she chose to perform on stage in a Montmartre production "Tu Perds la Boule" (You Lost the Ball). In 1925 she accepted an offer to star with comedian Max Wall in the "London Review" at the Lyceum Theatre in London.

White's childhood poverty made her frugal with money. A shrewd businesswoman, she invested in a successful Parisian nightclub, a Biarritz resort hotel/casino, plus a profitable stable of thoroughbred race horses. Living in a fashionable town house in the exclusive Parisian suburb of Passy, she also owned a villa in Rambouillet. She became involved with Theodore Cossika, a Greek businessman who shared her love of travel. Together they purchased a home near Cairo, Egypt, and White travelled with him throughout the Middle East and the Orient. White then returned to France. She made just one more film, Terror (1924).

She starred in several popular stage reviews at the Montmartre Music Hall in Paris, and was in a London revue with George Carney. She then retired from performing.

Alcoholism and death[link]

Over the years, White's alcohol use had increased, possibly in response to the chronic pain of injuries from her film stunts. She had to be hospitalized in 1933, which led to an addiction to the drugs used to ease her suffering. Her last years were spent in an alcoholic haze, and she died of cirrhosis at age 49 on August 4, 1938 in the American Hospital in the Paris suburb of Neuilly, France. She was buried in the Cimetière de Passy.

Legacy[link]

Pearl White's place in film history is important in both the evolution of cinema genres and the role of women. The Perils of Pauline is only known to exist in a reduced nine-reel version released in Europe in 1916, but The Exploits of Elaine survives and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. All of her films were made at East Coast studios, and it is believed White never visited Hollywood, which would nevertheless honor her contributions with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

The 1947 Paramount Pictures film The Perils of Pauline, starring Betty Hutton, was a fictionalized biography of Pearl White.

Filmography[link]

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Menefee, David W. (2004). The First Female Stars: Women of the Silent Era. Connecticut: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-98259-9. 
• Lahue, Kalton C. (1971). Ladies in Distress. New York: A. S. Barnes and Co.. ISBN 0-498-07634-2. 
• Fletcher, Adelle Whitely (February 1921). "Reconsidering Pearl". Motion Picture Magazine. 

External links[link]

Biography portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Pearl White

• Pearl White - Biography on (re)Search my Trash
• Pearl White at the Internet Movie Database
• Pearl White at AllRovi
• Pearl White at the TCM Movie Database
• Literature