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![City of Milan - Milano, Italy [2013 HD VIDEO]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130802112615im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/GFsWmH81_D4/default.jpg "A video presentation featuring one of the most popular cities in the world, Milano, Italy. Footage of day and night in Milan.")
![Milano - O tobie kochana [www.eclipy.net]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130802112615im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/e-iyGn3TE0w/default.jpg "Milano - O tobie kochana [www.eclipy.net]")
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- Rosate
- Roserio
- Rozzano
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- Saint Petersburg
- San Donato Milanese
- San Nazaro in Brolo
- San Vittore Olona
- San Zenone al Lambro
- Santo Stefano Ticino
- Sardinia
- Sedriano
- Segnano
- Segrate
- Senago
- Senegal
- Serbia
- Sesto San Giovanni
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- Settimo Milanese
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- Sicily
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- Solaro
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- São Paulo
- Taliedo
- Teatro Dal Verme
- Teatro Regio Ducal
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- The Passage
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- Vermezzo
- Via Dante
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- Vienna Secession
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- Vignate
- Villa Cortese
- Villapizzone
- Vimodrone
- Vittuone
- Vizzolo Predabissi
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- Yerevan
- Zelo Surrigone
- Zhejiang
- Zibido San Giacomo
- Zone 1 of Milan
- Zone 2 of Milan
- Aedui
- Agostino Gemelli
- Alessandro Manzoni
- Alice Edun
- Ambrose
- Amilcare Ponchielli
- Andrea Alciato
- Andrea Mantegna
- Andrei Sakharov
- Austria
- Baldassare Verazzi
- Benito Mussolini
- Bituriges
- Bruno Munari
- Caravaggio
- Carlo Porta
- Celts
- Cesare Beccaria
- Charlemagne
- Charles Borromeo
- Charles II of Spain
- Clara Petacci
- Daniel Libeskind
- Diocletian
- Donato Bramante
- Dynamis Ensemble
- Edward Gibbon
- Enrico Castellani
- Fabio Vacchi
- Federico Borromeo
- Filarete
- Filippo Brunelleschi
- Financial Times
- Francesco Brioschi
- Francesco Hayez
- Francesco I Sforza
- Francis I of France
- Franks
- Gaetano Donizetti
- Galeazzo Alessi
- Giacomo Puccini
- Gioachino Rossini
- Gioseppe Caimo
- Giovanni Berchet
- Giovanni Verga
- Giuliano Pisapia
- Giulio Natta
- Giuseppe Mengoni
- Giuseppe Parini
- Giuseppe Sommaruga
- Giuseppe Verdi
- Giò Ponti
- Hoste da Reggio
- Huns
- Insubres
- Justinian I
- Leonardo da Vinci
- Licinius
- Lombards
- Louis XII of France
- Luca Grimaldi
- Luchetto Gattilusio
- Lucio Fontana
- Ludovico di Breme
- Luigi Cagnola
- Luigi Cremona
- Mario Prada
- Martino della Torre
- Massimiliano Fuksas
- Maximian
- Michelangelo
- Moshe Bejski
- Napoleon
- Nobu Matsuhisa
- Ostrogoths
- Ottone Visconti
- Paolo Cherici
- Pellegrino Tibaldi
- Peter of Verona
- Philip II of Spain
- Philip V of Spain
- Piero Manzoni
- Pietro Kuciukian
- Pietro Verri
- Pope Urban IV
- Rambertino Buvalelli
- Raphael
- Renzo Piano
- Roberto Cavalli
- Silvio Berlusconi
- Silvio Pellico
- Simon Boyleau
- Swiss mercenaries
- Teutons
- Ugo Foscolo
- Ulisse Stacchini
- Umberto Boccioni
- Valentino Garavani
- Vincenzo Bellini
- Visigoths
- Zaha Hadid
- Lyrics: play full screen play karaoke
- Extasy - Milano
- Deal With A Feeling - Milano
Ohh it feels so good to me
It feels like extasy
when your laying here next to me
It feels so right to me
you gave new life to me
It feels so good to me
I want you to know
I love you boy
(check this out ma)
The first time I saw you
I knew I had to have ya
I wanted to kiss you baby
I also wanted to grab ya
I want to get to know ya some things
I'll like to show ya you look smart (so game)
I'm about to throw ya
and before we be together
lets get our mind together
and before we sleep together
lets spend some time together
you and your (other marriage) not in a million (lathers)
you got that natural beauty but still that model status
I'm attracted to your mind I like your conversation
you want to know about me not about my occupation
your not the club type not on the (lime like)
you go to school read your books you got your mind right
you got that inner beauty I see your inner glow
and so I took a couple minutes just to let you know
about the way i feel cuz what we got is real
now represent for me mommy let them know the deal
Ohh it feels so good to me
It feels like extasy
when your laying here next to me
It feels so right to me
You gave new life to me
It feels so good to me
I want you to know
I love you boy
From the moment that I saw your face boy
I knew that it was my faith boy
I knew that everything be right cuz it felt like love at first sight
and all these wanna be players tyin' to get with me
but it doesn't mean s**t to me cuz I know what we got is right
I think that I'm everything that he put you in my life
Ohh it feels so good to me
It feels like extasy
when your laying here next to me
It feels so right to me
You gave new life to me
It feels so good to me
I want you to know
I love you boy
Yea mommy your da one I got to lock it down
and anything you ever wanted yea you got it now
and girl are gonna stare when you walk cuz your (prada) down
the 430 (hook) top down you got to clown
the blue diamonds you shining carrots all around
on vacations head Paris flew all around
and girls are gonna ask if your single
yea it's apparent now a son and daughter
gotta a family yea were parents now
and all your guards all your shoes I had to tear down
a night on the town ain't no park or horse carriage now
the brides of maids throwing rice theirs a marriage now
I'm being faithful only one love I cherish now
a good thing came into my life I inherit now
and for me to lose you I couldn't bear it now
because baby I love you like a rock
my lovin is solid mommy and it ain't gonna stop
(sing it)
Ohh it feels so good to me
It feels like extasy
when your laying here next to me
It feels so right to me
You gave new life to me
It feels so good to me
I want you to know
Uh huh
Yeah ma Con-stant-tine
Know what I mean
That's how we do
Me and Show get together
You gotta deal with that B
Know what I mean
[Milano]
Time and again I see I gotta vomit on men
Cause it don't really seem that they acknowledge these gems
Give me seven days I write a whole ablum to press
Bet your thou(sand) on me and triple the amount that you spend
Fear us with a fountain pen take the feather an dip
Unless I'm out on the strip volcano leverage is Cris'
Mo(et) in the club bag me a roni and breeze
And if you hungry ma my timbs is macaroni and cheese
You know it's me Lan
The same old Arican cat
Got to thank my pops cause he on to still having his stacks
Pimped in and out of state shit he ???? that
I'm conning whitey out that cake down on Madison Ave
Now if you ain't copped my tape I should embarass your ass
Niggaz who copped the bootleg their fam cracked them in half
Like I didn't know it was Constantine
You better pardon the chief
Cause even worse I have ???? carding your seeds
Cause I don't like you
I'm about start charging niggaz to breath
Or paying a fee on any block they walk in Manhattan
Matter fact pack your bags and flee off my planet
Cause y'all mad I'm ????? and you just can't stand it
[Hook]
Deal with a feeling y'all niggaz ain't real appealing
street anthem got them amped hands near the ceiling
Milano shit feel it like Saprano hits
If y'all know it y'all niggaz ain't got no ends [x2]
[Milano]
I lost my patients cause niggaz done lost the basics
Of rhymes and beats that's why niggaz admiring me
My entourage twenty deep of cats dying to eat
And they all won't mind throwing the iron to your cheek
But honestly you could save all the wonders you tell
For all those you killed in your rhyme you should be under the jail
Or under survailance
Or how about under arraignment
Cause when some real niggaz find you you'll be under the pavement
Or under some acres
Listen son I'm done with the favours
Cause next time they come and get you they going to run to your neighbours
I'm just a smooth criminal looking mean with the gators
Me getting locked I hit the judge off and wink at the bailiff
A week later catch me wet silly and wet willies
Mommy let me catch sex feelings while she blessing the philly
That really mean nothing to me unless you stuffing the key
Run it to DC and have them numbing the fiends
It's trouble when the D's come you still bubblling cheese
How you think we bubblin Zs looking snuggly means
As long as I recoup my buzz and double the fee
It's all the proof your love is here
You fucking with me
Yeah
[Hook x2]
Stepped in the door
Long mink draggin' the floor
Constantine the man you want a part of your squad
You gotta deal with this Arican cat matter of fact
Shit's looped
Send this Playlist by SMS
MILANO - O Tobie kochana
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:45
- Updated: 28 Jul 2013
MILANO - O Tobie kochana (7/16) Największe Przeboje 1993/96.
http://wn.com/MILANO_O_Tobie_kochana
MILANO - O Tobie kochana (7/16) Największe Przeboje 1993/96.
Disco Polo - Składanka - Milano
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:41
- Updated: 20 Jul 2013
Mała składanka disco polo z przebojami znanego zespołu MILANO Zapraszam do słuchania ;) Pozdrawiam! Jesteś Moją Naj Jasnowłosa Kasiu Katarzyno O Tobie Kochan...
http://wn.com/Disco_Polo_Składanka_Milano
Mała składanka disco polo z przebojami znanego zespołu MILANO Zapraszam do słuchania ;) Pozdrawiam! Jesteś Moją Naj Jasnowłosa Kasiu Katarzyno O Tobie Kochan...
- published: 12 Mar 2012
- views: 49860
- author: DiscoPolo0007
City of Milan - Milano, Italy [2013 HD VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 28 Jul 2013
A video presentation featuring one of the most popular cities in the world, Milano, Italy. Footage of day and night in Milan.
http://wn.com/City_of_Milan_Milano,_Italy_2013_HD_VIDEO_
A video presentation featuring one of the most popular cities in the world, Milano, Italy. Footage of day and night in Milan.
- published: 14 Oct 2012
- views: 9272
- author: ArmanMediaTV
Milano & Nelly - Daugiau nei viena naktis
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 26 Jul 2013
Milano & Nelly - Daugiau nei viena naktis.
http://wn.com/Milano_Nelly_Daugiau_nei_viena_naktis
Milano - Italy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Updated: 30 Jul 2013
Book Your Hotel in Milano: http://www.booking.com/city/it/milan.html?aid=345526;label=youtube_Milano Milan is a city in Italy and the capital of the region o...
http://wn.com/Milano_Italy
Book Your Hotel in Milano: http://www.booking.com/city/it/milan.html?aid=345526;label=youtube_Milano Milan is a city in Italy and the capital of the region o...
- published: 17 Feb 2010
- views: 297107
- author: THEWORLDOFTRAVEL
Milano - O tobie kochana [www.eclipy.net]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Updated: 27 Jul 2013
Milano - O tobie kochana [www.eclipy.net]
http://wn.com/Milano_O_tobie_kochana_wwweclipynet_
Embrace of the vampire - alyssa milano
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 92:32
- Updated: 31 Jul 2013
http://wn.com/Embrace_of_the_vampire_alyssa_milano
Boom Jinx, Jaytech feat Syntheticsax - Milano (Syntheticsax Bootleg)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:05
- Updated: 26 Jul 2013
beautiful sax-prog bootleg from syntheticsax ;) enjoy guys!
http://wn.com/Boom_Jinx,_Jaytech_feat_Syntheticsax_Milano_Syntheticsax_Bootleg
beautiful sax-prog bootleg from syntheticsax ;) enjoy guys!
- published: 08 Apr 2011
- views: 192434
- author: HouseDotBlog2
Milano "Bara bara"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:09
- Updated: 28 Jul 2013
Produkcja WWW.RESPECTMEDIA.PL.
http://wn.com/Milano_Bara_bara
Milano - Jesteś moją naj
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Updated: 25 Jul 2013
www.Disco-Music.bo.pl.
http://wn.com/Milano_Jesteś_moją_naj
Milan/Milano City Tour: Google Earth by GPS Track Log
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:40
- Updated: 16 Jul 2013
2012.3.8 Milan/Milano Track Log was obtained by use of Holux m-251 logger.
http://wn.com/Milan_Milano_City_Tour_Google_Earth_by_GPS_Track_Log
2012.3.8 Milan/Milano Track Log was obtained by use of Holux m-251 logger.
- published: 23 Apr 2012
- views: 7729
- author: Shouta1117
Milano- Dla Nas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Updated: 27 Jul 2013
Dawne przeboje.
http://wn.com/Milano_Dla_Nas
MILANO - Brązowe oczy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:29
- Updated: 28 Jul 2013
MILANO - Brązowe oczy (3/16) Największe Przeboje 1993/96.
http://wn.com/MILANO_Brązowe_oczy
MILANO - Brązowe oczy (3/16) Największe Przeboje 1993/96.
- published: 15 Dec 2012
- views: 20353
- author: AMarek710
Bon Jovi - These Days - Milano, San Siro - 29 June 2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:42
- Updated: 26 Jul 2013
That's What the Water Made Me You Give Love a Bad Name Raise Your Hands Runaway Lost Highway Born to Be My Baby It's My Life Because We Can What About Now We...
http://wn.com/Bon_Jovi_These_Days_Milano,_San_Siro_29_June_2013
That's What the Water Made Me You Give Love a Bad Name Raise Your Hands Runaway Lost Highway Born to Be My Baby It's My Life Because We Can What About Now We...
- published: 30 Jun 2013
- views: 18460
- author: Luca Zerbini
DEPECHE MODE - Never let me down again live Milano 18/07/2013 @ stadio S. Siro
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:27
- Updated: 31 Jul 2013
DEPECHE MODE - Never let me down again live Milano 18/07/2013 @ stadio S. Siro.
http://wn.com/DEPECHE_MODE_Never_let_me_down_again_live_Milano_18_07_2013_@_stadio_S_Siro
DEPECHE MODE - Never let me down again live Milano 18/07/2013 @ stadio S. Siro.
- published: 19 Jul 2013
- views: 18314
- author: ioluko
Flash Mob @Milano Gangnam Style
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:55
- Updated: 27 Jul 2013
Gangnam style Flashmob at Piazza Duomo in Milan, Italy, 21 / 10 /12.
http://wn.com/Flash_Mob_@Milano_Gangnam_Style
Gangnam style Flashmob at Piazza Duomo in Milan, Italy, 21 / 10 /12.
- published: 21 Oct 2012
- views: 429408
- author: sirio187
GAY PRIDE MILANO 2013: LE VIDEO INTERVISTE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:39
- Updated: 02 Jul 2013
mi-Lorenteggio.com) Milano, 29 giugno 2013 - Oltre 50mila i manifestanti che hanno aderito al Gay Pride 2013: il festoso corteo, partito da piazza Duca D'Aos...
http://wn.com/GAY_PRIDE_MILANO_2013_LE_VIDEO_INTERVISTE
mi-Lorenteggio.com) Milano, 29 giugno 2013 - Oltre 50mila i manifestanti che hanno aderito al Gay Pride 2013: il festoso corteo, partito da piazza Duca D'Aos...
- published: 29 Jun 2013
- views: 2784
- author: milorenteggio
Il cast di Violetta 2 a Milano!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:47
- Updated: 10 Jul 2013
Martina, Diego, Ruggero, Lodovica, Clara e Jorge sono venuti a Milano per presentare la nuova stagione di Violetta! - https://www.youtube.com/10eLOL Seguici ...
http://wn.com/Il_cast_di_Violetta_2_a_Milano!
Martina, Diego, Ruggero, Lodovica, Clara e Jorge sono venuti a Milano per presentare la nuova stagione di Violetta! - https://www.youtube.com/10eLOL Seguici ...
- published: 27 Jun 2013
- views: 35300
- author: 10eLOL
Milano "Dlaczego"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Updated: 26 Jul 2013
Produkcja: www.pnmedia.eu Przemysław Niewęgłowski FaceBook: https://www.facebook.com/NieweglowskiMedia Specjalne podziękowania dla: Hotel HESPERUS Międzyrzec...
http://wn.com/Milano_Dlaczego
Produkcja: www.pnmedia.eu Przemysław Niewęgłowski FaceBook: https://www.facebook.com/NieweglowskiMedia Specjalne podziękowania dla: Hotel HESPERUS Międzyrzec...
- published: 03 Dec 2011
- views: 298749
- author: ThePNmedia
Violetta - Conferenza stampa a Milano 26/6/13 (Parte 2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:55
- Updated: 28 Jul 2013
Il cast Violetta ha parlato del successo della serie durante la conferenza stampa a Milano del 26/06/2013. Ecco la seconda parte del video completo! Intervis...
http://wn.com/Violetta_Conferenza_stampa_a_Milano_26_6_13_Parte_2
Il cast Violetta ha parlato del successo della serie durante la conferenza stampa a Milano del 26/06/2013. Ecco la seconda parte del video completo! Intervis...
- published: 28 Jun 2013
- views: 25104
- author: Gingergeneration1
BON JOVI °HD° coreography Because we can MILANO Italy Italia -tinaRnR
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:58
- Updated: 26 Jul 2013
HD° fans coreography during Because we can live MILANO Italy Italia coreografia durante Because we can @San Siro 29/06/2013 BON JOVI, Jon Bon Jovi, David Br...
http://wn.com/BON_JOVI_°HD°_coreography_Because_we_can_MILANO_Italy_Italia_-tinaRnR
HD° fans coreography during Because we can live MILANO Italy Italia coreografia durante Because we can @San Siro 29/06/2013 BON JOVI, Jon Bon Jovi, David Br...
- published: 30 Jun 2013
- views: 6620
- author: tinaRnR
BON JOVI - MILANO SAN SIRO 2013 - LIVIN' ON A PRAYER
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:34
- Updated: 27 Jul 2013
Bon Jovi performing live at Milano-San Siro, Italy. 29/06/2013 LIVIN' ON A PRAYER the croud LOVES it... sorry for bad quality, I used my phone.
http://wn.com/BON_JOVI_MILANO_SAN_SIRO_2013_LIVIN'_ON_A_PRAYER
Bon Jovi performing live at Milano-San Siro, Italy. 29/06/2013 LIVIN' ON A PRAYER the croud LOVES it... sorry for bad quality, I used my phone.
- published: 30 Jun 2013
- views: 12105
- author: Federico Gorno
Thunder Road, Bruce Springsteen live in Milano 03.06.2013 acoustic final solo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:30
- Updated: 18 Jul 2013
Thunder Road, Bruce Springsteen live in Milano 03.06.2013 acoustic final solo Wrecking Ball Tour 2013.
http://wn.com/Thunder_Road,_Bruce_Springsteen_live_in_Milano_03062013_acoustic_final_solo
Thunder Road, Bruce Springsteen live in Milano 03.06.2013 acoustic final solo Wrecking Ball Tour 2013.
- published: 04 Jun 2013
- views: 18042
- author: frawatu
photo: Public Domain / Good kitty
31 Jul 2013
MIAMI - Forecasters say Tropical Storm Gil is getting better organized in the Pacific, far off the southern tip of California. The National Hurricane Center in Miami says maximum sustained winds late Tuesday are at 45 mph (72 kph). The center is about 845 miles (1360 kilometers) south-southwest of Mexico's Baja California peninsula, south of California. It could become a hurricane by Thursday. There are no coastal warnings or watches ... ....(size: 3.8Kb)
photo: US Army
01 Aug 2013
The US army was overwhelmed when WikiLeaks published more than 700,000 secret diplomatic and war documents handed over by soldier Bradley Manning, a retired officer testified in the sentencing phase of the convicted private's court-martial ... "No one had ever had to deal with this number of documents," Carr said ... Manning faces a maximum penalty of 136 years in prison ... "This has never been a fair trial." ... ....(size: 3.4Kb)
photo: AP / Tony Dejak
01 Aug 2013
Ariel Castro, the Cleveland bus driver who abducted, imprisoned and tortured three women, has been sentenced to life in prison plus 1000 years with no parole, after one of his victims confronted him, saying he had put her through 11 years of hell. Castro, 53, was alternately defiant and apologetic while showing no remorse in a rambling final statement to the court ... "All the sex was consensual," Castro told the judge before sentencing ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)
photo: AP / APTN
02 Aug 2013
A highly anticipated summit between US President Barack Obama and Russian President Vladimir Putin could be hurt by Moscow’s decision to grant temporary asylum to National Security Agency leaker Edward Snowden, the White House signalled after weeks of pressuring for his return to face prosecution ... Snowden expelled,” White House spokesman Jay Carney said on Thursday ... Petersburg and stop in Moscow for one-on-one talks with Putin....(size: 2.0Kb)
Edit
noodls
02 Aug 2013
Milano Assicurazioni SpA) PRESS RELEASE ... Bologna, July 30, 2013 - The Ordinary Shareholders' Meeting of Milano Assicurazioni S.p.A., meeting today in first call, unanimously approved the pursuit of an action against a number of former directors and statutory auditors, as proposed by the Board of Directors in the report prepared for the Shareholders' Meeting and made public in accordance with law....(size: 2.1Kb)
Edit
Business Journal
02 Aug 2013
The DBJ’s Pizza Madness tournament-style voting competition just ended and Milano’s Atlantic City Subs claimed the top prize ... When and where did Milano’s start? What has changed since then? ... Milano’s was founded by Ron Woods in 1969 ... The original Milano’s was a small carry out with 50 seats. Our customers told us they would love to eat Milano’s in a more up-to-date environment ... Milano's vs....(size: 6.9Kb)
Edit
Seeking Alpha
02 Aug 2013
Executives. Vincent J. Milano - Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President. Peter Wolf. Charles A. Rowland - Chief Financial Officer and Vice President. Colin Broom - Chief Scientific Officer and Vice President....(size: 1.1Kb)
Edit
Sheerluxe
02 Aug 2013
Here are the very best... 1. Arancina, Notting Hill. 2. Pizza East, Shoreditch, Portobello & Kentish Town ... Brickoven Milano, Chiswick ... ....(size: 0.7Kb)
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The Examiner
02 Aug 2013
All eyes were on what people were wearing as they arrived for photographer’s to shoot them on the red carpet. I was able to get a glimpse into some of the best outfits tonight… ... On the red carpet at the 2013 Young Hollywood Awards ... Actress Christa B ... CLICK TO VIEW ... Photo credit. ... Alyssa Milano looked well turned-out in her black ensemble with an interesting criss-cross motif over the torso and neon yellow pumps ... Tweet. 0 Email ... ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
Edit
Business Journal
02 Aug 2013
Olivia Barrow Staff Reporter- Dayton Business Journal Email . Twitter . Google+ . LinkedIn. A local retail company has bought another store location and plans to make changes to boost its image. Shops by Todd Inc., a Dayton-based retail operator, bought the Swarovski at The Greene in Beavercreek, the company announced this week ... The Swarovski store is almost 1,200 square feet and employs 10 ... ... Milano's vs....(size: 6.0Kb)
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Business Journal
02 Aug 2013
Joe Cogliano Senior Reporter- Dayton Business Journal Email . Twitter . Google+ . LinkedIn. Late Thursday afternoon, I got the chance to ask Joseph Morgan Jr. about how the Standard Register Co. acquisition of WorkflowOne will impact Dayton. Morgan, president and chief executive officer of Standard Register, is now leading a combined company that has 4,000 employees, including 920 locally ... Q ... A ... Milano's vs....(size: 7.0Kb)
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Reuters
02 Aug 2013
Q2 6-Aug FR ALES GROUPE SA Q2 SALES 6-Aug DE 6.00 ALSTRIA OFFICE REIT AG Q2 6-Aug GB BBA AVIATION PLC INTERIM 6-Aug CH BELIMO HOLDING AG H1 6-Aug FR BMO BONDUELLE SAS Q4 SALES 6-Aug FR 5.00 CREDIT AGRICOLE SA Q2 6-Aug FR 15.35 NATIXIS SA H1 6-Aug IT 9.00 DAVIDE CAMPARI MILANO SPA Q2 6-Aug IT UNICREDIT SPA H1 6-Aug GB T CLARKE PLC INTERIM 6-Aug CH ......(size: 18.9Kb)
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The Dallas Morning News
01 Aug 2013
Search for.. Home Art & Culture Home & Design Dining Automotive Events Fashion Parties Travel Video. The wonderful, wonderful things he does. Where will P/S’ Rocco Milano do them now?. Posted by Marc Ramirez on Thursday, August 1, 2013 ... What will Rocco Milano do now?. “That’s a popular question,” he says ... Category ... Jessica Pech, Matt Medling, P/S, Private/Social, Rocco Milano, The Mansion at Turtle Creek. Comments ... ....(size: 5.0Kb)
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noodls
01 Aug 2013
(Source. Milan Associazione Calcio SpA). MILANO - One of the most spectacular Intercontinental Cup matches of all time was played out on December 12th, 1993. Milan-Sao Paolo ... Copyright © 2010 ACMilan.com....(size: 0.9Kb)
"Milano" redirects here. For other uses, see Milano (disambiguation).
For other uses, see Milan (disambiguation).
| Milan Milano |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| — Comune — | |||
| Comune di Milano | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
| Nickname(s): The Moral Capital of Italy[1] | |||
 Milan
|
|||
| Coordinates: 45°27′51″N 09°11′25″E / 45.46417°N 9.19028°E / 45.46417; 9.19028Coordinates: 45°27′51″N 09°11′25″E / 45.46417°N 9.19028°E / 45.46417; 9.19028 | |||
| Country | Italy | ||
| Region | Lombardy | ||
| Province | Milan (MI) | ||
| Settled by Celts | as Mediolanum c. 396 BC | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Giuliano Pisapia (Independent – Centre-left) |
||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 181.76 km2 (70.18 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 120 m (390 ft) | ||
| Population (30 September 2011)[2] | |||
| • Total | 1,338,436 | ||
| • Density | 7,400/km2 (19,000/sq mi) | ||
| Demonym | Milanees/Milanese | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 20100, 20121-20162 | ||
| Dialing code | 02 | ||
| Patron saint | Ambrose | ||
| Saint day | 7 December | ||
| Website | Official website | ||
Milan (Italian: Milano [miˈlaːno] (
listen); Lombard: [miˈlan]; Latin: Mediolanum) is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital of Lombardy as well as of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area is the 5th largest in EU and the largest in Italy with an estimated population of approximately 5 million.[3] The growth of many suburbs and satellite settlements around the city proper, following the Italian economic miracle of 1950s–60s and massive commuting flows, suggest that socioeconomic linkages have expanded well beyond the boundaries of its administrative limits and its agglomeration, creating a region of approximately 9,3 million people.[4] It has been suggested that the Milan metropolitan area is part of the so-called Blue Banana, the area of Europe with the highest population and industrial density.[5] Its health care and education system is considered one of the best of Europe.
Milan was founded by the Insubres, a Celtic people. The city was later captured by the Romans in 222 BC, and later was the capital of the Western Roman Empire from 286 until 402 AD. Milan became one of the most prosperous Italian cities during the High Middle Ages, playing a primary role in the Lombard League. Later Milan became the capital of the Duchy of Milan, being ruled by the Visconti, the Sforza, the Spanish and the Austrians. In 1796, Milan was conquered by the French troops of Napoleon, only to be given again to the Austrian Empire at the Congress of Vienna of 1815. In 1859 the city was eventually annexed to the House of Savoy, and soon started to lead the industrialization process of the new Kingdom of Italy. During World War II, the city was badly affected by Allied bombings, and after German occupation in 1943, Milan became the main centre of the Italian resistance movement.[1] In post-war years, Milan enjoyed a prolonged economic boom, attracting large flows of immigrants from Southern Italy.[1] During the past three decades, the city has seen a dramatic rise in the number of international migrants, and today 15.2% of Milan's population is foreign born.[6]
Milan is the main industrial, commercial and financial centre of Italy. Its business district hosts the Italian Stock Exchange and the headquarters of the largest national banks and multinational companies. The city is recognized as a major world fashion[7] and design[8] capital, and it has thus been ranked by GaWC as an Alpha world city in 2010,[9] as well as the 42nd most important global city.[10] Thanks to its important museums, theatres and landmarks (including Santa Maria delle Grazie, decorated with Leonardo da Vinci paintings, a UNESCO World Heritage Site) Milan attracts 2 million annual visitors.[11] It hosts numerous cultural institutions and universities, including Bocconi University, which ranks 5th among European Business Schools.[12][13] The city is also well known for several international events and fairs, including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair, the largest of its kind in the world,[14] and will host the 2015 Universal Exposition. The city is also home to two renowned football teams, A.C. Milan and F.C. Internazionale Milano.
Contents |
History[link]
Etymology[link]
The English name Milan derives from the Lombard and the Italian form is Milano, which stems from the Latin Mediolanum, the ancient city founded by the Celtic tribe of the Insubres, who were in possession of the city until the Roman conquest in the third century BC. The Mediolanum name is borne by a number of Gallo-Roman sites in France, such as Mediolanum Santonum (Saintes) and Mediolanum Aulercorum (Évreux) and appears to contain the Celtic element -lan, signifying an enclosure or demarcated territory (source of the Welsh word 'llan', meaning a sanctuary or church). Hence, Mediolanum could signify the central town or sanctuary of a particular Celtic tribe.[citation needed][15]
The origin of the name and of a boar (the scrofa semilanuta) as a symbol of the city are fancifully accounted for in Andrea Alciato's Emblemata (1584), beneath a woodcut of the first raising of the city walls, where a boar is seen lifted from the excavation, and the etymology of Mediolanum given as "half-wool",[16] explained in Latin and in French. The foundation of Milan is credited to two Celtic peoples, the Bituriges and the Aedui, having as their emblems a ram and a boar;[17] therefore "The city's symbol is a wool-bearing boar, an animal of double form, here with sharp bristles, there with sleek wool."[18] Alciato credits Ambrose for his account.[19]
Celtic and Roman times[link]
Main article: Mediolanum
Around 400 BC, the Celtic Insubres settled Milan and the surrounding region. In 222 BC, the Romans conquered this settlement, which was then renamed Mediolanum. After several centuries of Roman control, Milan was declared the capital of the Western Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian in 293 AD. Diocletian chose to stay in the Eastern Roman Empire (capital Nicomedia) and his colleague Maximianus ruled the Western one. Immediately Maximian built several gigantic monuments, like a large circus 470 × 85 m (1,540 ft × 279 ft), the Thermae Herculeae, a large complex of imperial palaces and several other services and buildings.
With the Edict of Milan of 313, Emperor Constantine I guaranteed freedom of religion for Christians.[20] The city was besieged by the Visigoths in 402, so the imperial residence was moved to Ravenna. In 452, the Huns overran the city. In 539, the Ostrogoths conquered and destroyed Milan in the course of the so-called Gothic War against Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. In the summer of 569, the Longobards (from which the name of the Italian region Lombardy derives), a Teutonic tribe conquered Milan, overpowering the small Byzantine army left for its defence. Some Roman structures remained in use in Milan under Lombard rule.[21] Milan surrendered to the Franks in 774 when Charlemagne, in an utterly novel decision, took the title "King of the Lombards" as well (before then the Germanic kingdoms had frequently conquered each other, but none had adopted the title of King of another people). The Iron Crown of Lombardy dates from this period. Subsequently Milan become part of the Holy Roman Empire.
Middle Ages[link]
During the Middle Ages, Milan prospered as a centre of trade due to its command of the rich plain of the Po and routes from Italy across the Alps. The war of conquest by Frederick I Barbarossa against the Lombard cities brought the destruction of much of Milan in 1162. After the founding of the Lombard League in 1167, Milan took the leading role in this alliance. As a result of the independence that the Lombard cities gained in the Peace of Constance in 1183, Milan became a duchy. In 1208 Rambertino Buvalelli served a term as podestà of the city, in 1242 Luca Grimaldi, and in 1282 Luchetto Gattilusio. The position could be fraught with personal dangers in the violent political life of the medieval commune: in 1252 Milanese heretics assassinated the Church's Inquisitor, later known as Saint Peter Martyr, at a ford in the nearby contado; the killers bribed their way to freedom, and in the ensuing riot the podestà was very nearly lynched. In 1256 the archbishop and leading nobles were expelled from the city. In 1259 Martino della Torre was elected Capitano del Popolo by members of the guilds; he took the city by force, expelled his enemies, and ruled by dictatorial powers, paving streets, digging canals, successfully taxing the countryside. His policy, however, brought the Milanese treasury to collapse; the use of often reckless mercenary units further angered the population, granting an increasing support for the Della Torre's traditional enemies, the Visconti. It is worthy of note that the most important industries throughout the period were major armaments and wool production, a whole catalogue of activities and trades is given in Bonvesin della Riva's "de Magnalibus Urbis Mediolani".
On 22 July 1262 Ottone Visconti was created archbishop of Milan by Pope Urban IV, against the Della Torre candidate, Raimondo della Torre, Bishop of Como. The latter thus started to publicize allegations of the Visconti's closeness to the heretic Cathars and charged them of high treason: the Visconti, who accused the Della Torre of the same crimes, were then banned from Milan and their properties confiscated. The ensuing civil war caused more damage to Milan's population and economy, lasting for more than a decade. Ottone Visconti unsuccessfully led a group of exiles against the city in 1263, but after years of escalating violence on all sides, finally, after the victory in the Battle of Desio (1277), he won the city for his family. The Visconti succeeded in ousting the della Torre forever, ruling the city and its possession until the 15th century.
Much of the prior history of Milan was the tale of the struggle between two political factions—the Guelphs and the Ghibellines. Most of the time the Guelphs were successful in the city of Milan. However, the Visconti family were able to seize power (signoria) in Milan, based on their "Ghibelline" friendship with the German Emperors.[22] In 1395, one of these emperors, Wenceslas (1378–1400), raised the Milanese to the dignity of a duchy.[23] Also in 1395, Gian Galeazzo Visconti became duke of Milan. The Ghibelline Visconti family was to retain power in Milan for a century and a half from the early 14th century until the middle of the 15th century.[24]
In 1447 Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan, died without a male heir; following the end of the Visconti line, the Ambrosian Republic was enacted. The Ambrosian Republic took its name from St. Ambrose, popular patron saint of the city of Milan.[25] Both the Guelph and the Ghibelline factions worked together to bring about the Ambrosian Republic in Milan. However, the Republic collapsed when in 1450, Milan was conquered by Francesco Sforza, of the House of Sforza, which made Milan one of the leading cities of the Italian Renaissance.[25][26]
Early modern[link]
The French king Louis XII first laid claim to the duchy in 1492. At that time, Milan was defended by Swiss mercenaries. After the victory of Louis's successor Francis I over the Swiss at the Battle of Marignano, the duchy was promised to the French king Francis I. When the Habsburg Charles V defeated Francis I at the Battle of Pavia in 1525, northern Italy, including Milan, passed to the House of Habsburg.[27]
In 1556, Charles V abdicated in favour of his son Philip II and his brother Ferdinand I. Charles's Italian possessions, including Milan, passed to Philip II and the Spanish line of Habsburgs, while Ferdinand's Austrian line of Habsburgs ruled the Holy Roman Empire. The Great Plague of Milan in 1629–31 killed an estimated 60,000 people out of a population of 130,000. This episode is considered one of the last outbreaks of the centuries-long pandemic of plague that began with the Black Death.[28]
In 1700 the Spanish line of Habsburgs was extinguished with the death of Charles II. After his death, the War of the Spanish Succession began in 1701 with the occupation of all Spanish possessions by French troops backing the claim of the French Philippe of Anjou to the Spanish throne. In 1706, the French were defeated in Ramillies and Turin and were forced to yield northern Italy to the Austrian Habsburgs. In 1713, the Treaty of Utrecht formally confirmed Austrian sovereignty over most of Spain's Italian possessions including Lombardy and its capital, Milan.
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Napoleon invaded Italy in 1796, and Milan was declared capital of the Cisalpine Republic. Later, he declared Milan capital of the Kingdom of Italy and was crowned in the Duomo. Once Napoleon's occupation ended, the Congress of Vienna returned Lombardy, and Milan, along with Veneto, to Austrian control in 1815.[29] During this period, Milan became a centre of lyric opera. Here in the 1770s Mozart had premiered three operas at the Teatro Regio Ducal. Later La Scala became the reference theatre in the world, with its premières of Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini and Verdi. Verdi himself is interred in the Casa di Riposo per Musicisti, his present to Milan. In the 19th century other important theatres were La Cannobiana and the Teatro Carcano.
On 18 March 1848, the Milanese rebelled against Austrian rule, during the so-called "Five Days" (Italian: Le Cinque Giornate), and Field Marshal Radetzky was forced to withdraw from the city temporarily. However, after defeating Italian forces at Custoza on 24 July, Radetzky was able to reassert Austrian control over Milan and northern Italy. However, Italian nationalists, championed by the Kingdom of Sardinia, called for the removal of Austria in the interest of Italian unification. Sardinia and France formed an alliance and defeated Austria at the Battle of Solferino in 1859.[30] Following this battle, Milan and the rest of Lombardy were incorporated into the Kingdom of Sardinia, which soon gained control of most of Italy and in 1861 was rechristened as the Kingdom of Italy. The political unification of Italy cemented Milan's commercial dominance over northern Italy. It also led to a flurry of railway construction that had started under Austrian partronage (Venice-Milan; Milan-Monza) that made Milan the rail hub of northern Italy. Thereafter with the opening of the Gotthard (1881) and Simplon (1906) railway tunnels, Milan became the major South European rail focus for business and passenger movements e.g. the Simplon Orient Express. Rapid industrialization and market expansion put Milan at the centre of Italy's leading industrial region, though in the 1890s Milan was shaken by the Bava-Beccaris massacre, a riot related to a high inflation rate. Meanwhile, as Milanese banks dominated Italy's financial sphere, the city became the country's leading financial centre. Milan's economic growth brought a rapid expansion in the city's area and population during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[15]
Late modern and contemporary[link]
In 1918, the Great War ended with Italy among the winning powers, but the heavy toll of the conflict manifested itself in terms of food shortage, high unemployment and hyperinflation that quickly led to social unrest. Exploiting these favorable circumstances, Benito Mussolini organized his Fascist Blackshirts, that rallied for the first time in Piazza San Sepolcro, a small square near Milan Cathedral. Subsequently, Mussolini led his March on Rome starting from Milan. During the Second World War Milan suffered severe damage from British and American bombings. When Italy quit the war in 1943, German forces occupied most of Northern Italy until 1945. As a result, antifascist resistance groups formed and started guerilla operations against Nazi and Italian Social Republic's troops. As the war came to an end, the American 1st Armored Division advanced on Milan as part of the Po Valley Campaign. But before they arrived, members of the Italian resistance movement took control of the city and executed Mussolini along with several members of his collaborationist government. On 29 April 1945, the corpses of Mussolini, his mistress Clara Petacci and other Fascist hierarcs were infamously hanged in Piazzale Loreto, where a year before fifteen antifascists had been executed.
After the war, the city was the site of a refugee camp for Jews fleeing from Austria. During the economic miracle of the 1950s and 1960s, a large wave of internal migration, especially peasants from rural areas of Southern Italy, moved to the city. During this period, Milan saw a quick reconstruction of most of its destroyed houses and factories, with the building of several innovative and modernist skyscrapers, such as the Torre Velasca and the Pirelli Tower. The economic boom was however overshadowed in the late 1960s and early 1970s during the so called Years of Lead, when Milan witnessed an unprecedented wave of steet violence, labour strikes and political terrorism. The apex of this period of turmoil occurred on 12 December 1969, when a bomb exploded at the National Agrarian Bank in Piazza Fontana, killing seventeen people and injuring eighty-eight.
In the 1980s, as several fashion firms based in the city became internationally successful (such as Armani, Versace and Dolce & Gabbana), Milan started to be recognized as one of the world's fashion capitals. The traditionally affordable and practical, yet stylish and chic attire produced by the city's stylists made it a serious global competitor, threatening Paris' century-long status as the world capital of haute couture. The city saw also a rise in international tourism, notably from America and Japan. This period of prosperity and the new international image of the city led many journalists to call the metropolis "Milano da bere", literally "Milan to drink".[31] However, in the 1990s, Milan was badly affected by Tangentopoli, a major political scandal centered on public works bribes, in which several local and national politicians and businessmen were tried for alleged corruption. The city was also affected by a severe financial crisis and a steady decline in textiles, automobile and steel production, that led to a deep reorganization of its economy.
In the early 21st century, Milan underwent a series of massive redevelopments, with the moving of its exhibition center to a much larger site in the satellite town of Rho,[32] and the construction of a new financial district in Porta Nuova. The 2008 announcement of the city hosting the Expo 2015[33] has brightened prospects for the city's future, with several new plans of regeneration and the planned construction of numerous avant-garde structures. Despite the decline in Milan's manufacturing production,[34] the city has found alternative and successful sources of revenue, including publishing, finance, banking, food processing, information technology, logistics, transport and tourism.[34] In addition, Milan's population seems to have stabilized in recent years, with signs of recovery as it grew by five percent since 2001.[35]
Municipal administration[link]
See also: Milan municipal election, 2011 and List of mayors of Milan
City government[link]
In its postwar political history, Milan has been governed for more than thirty years by a center-left coalition including the Italian Socialist Party and the Christian Democrats, while in the 1980s the political balance shifted further left with coalitions between the Socialists, the Communists and the newborn Greens. However, after a sensational uncovering of massive bribes scandals in the early 1990s, the city had become a stronghold of the conservative coalition led by Milanese media-magnate Silvio Berlusconi combined with the secessionist far-right movement Northern League, a trend that seems to have been reversed only by the 2011 municipal elections, in which a progressive candidate successfully contested the mayoral seat, thus ending almost 20 years of conservative administrations.
The legislative body of the municipality (commune) is the City Council (Consiglio Comunale), which is composed by 48 members elected every five years. Milan's executive body is the City Committee (Giunta Comunale), composed by 16 assessors and presieded over by the mayor. The current mayor of Milan is Giuliano Pisapia, expression of a progressive alliance composed by the Democratic Party of Italy, Left Ecology Freedom, the Greens and the Communist Refoundation Party.
Boroughs[link]
Main article: Boroughs of Milan
The municipality of Milan is further subdivided into nine devolution boroughs (zone), down from the former twenty boroughs before the 1999 administrative reform. The boroughs are governed by a president and a borough council, elected contextually to the city mayor. Since the 2011 mayoral elections, all the administrative boroughs are governed by center-left representatives.[36] Boroughs have the power to advise the mayor with nonbinding opinions on a large spectrum of topics (environment, construction, public health, local markets); in addition they are supplied with an autonomous founding in order to finance local activities.
Geography[link]
Topography[link]
Milan is located in the north-western section of the great Po Valley, between the rivers Ticino and Adda, among the river Po and the first reliefs of the Alps. The municipal territory is entirely flat, the highest point being at 122 m (400.26 ft) above sea level. The administrative commune covers, behind its borders, a total surface area of about 181 km2 (70 sq mi). However, the continuously built-up area trespass by far the city limits and forms a vast urban agglomeration with the large residential suburs of Assago, Opera, San Donato Milanese, San Giuliano Milanese, Cologno Monzese and Segrate to the south and east, the industrial towns of Sesto San Giovanni, Cinisello Balsamo, Paderno Dugnano, Rho, Legnano and Busto Arsizio to the north and west, up to including Monza and many other lesser settlements. Please note the photo orientation is offset by 90 degrees to the W/right. So the W in the photo is actually N.
Climate[link]
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Milan has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) without any influence from the seaside. The Climatic Classification is "zone E, 2259 GR/G"– similar to much of Northern Italy's inland plains, where sultry summers and very cold, wet winters prevail.[37][not in citation given] The minimum temperature record is -17.6 and the highest is 39.
Average temperatures in city center are 3 °C (37 °F) in January with −2 °C (28 °F) for the minimum and 25 °C (77 °F) in July with average maximum of 30 °C (86 °F). During winter, accumulating snowfall can occur and is not as rare as in the southern parts of Italy. The historic average of Milan's area is of 21 centimetres (8 in) during the period between 1950 and 2007, with a record of 70 centimetres (28 in) during the snowfall of January 1985. Humidity is quite high during the whole year and annual precipitation averages about 1,000 millimetres (39 in).[37][38][not in citation given][39] The ventilation is poor throughout the year and this increases the rate of pollution.
In the stereotypical image, the city is often shrouded in the heavy fog characteristic of cold seasons in the Po Basin, although the removal of rice paddies from the southern neighborhoods, the urban heat island effect and the reduction of pollution from factories have reduced this phenomenon in recent years, at least in the city centre, although pollution is still very high. Wind is generally absent. In spring, though, gale-force windstorms can happen, generated either by Tramontana blowing from the Alps or by Bora-like winds from northeast.
| Climate data for Milano (Linate Airport, 1961-1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) |
8.2 (46.8) |
13.2 (55.8) |
17.5 (63.5) |
21.9 (71.4) |
26.1 (79.0) |
28.9 (84.0) |
27.7 (81.9) |
24.3 (75.7) |
18.8 (65.8) |
10.2 (50.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
17.2 (63.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) |
4.2 (39.6) |
8.3 (46.9) |
12.3 (54.1) |
16.6 (61.9) |
20.6 (69.1) |
23.1 (73.6) |
22.2 (72.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
13.6 (56.5) |
6.9 (44.4) |
2.3 (36.1) |
12.5 (54.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −1.9 (28.6) |
0.1 (32.2) |
3.3 (37.9) |
7.0 (44.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
15.0 (59.0) |
17.3 (63.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
13.5 (56.3) |
8.4 (47.1) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
7.8 (46.0) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 64.3 (2.531) |
62.6 (2.465) |
81.6 (3.213) |
82.2 (3.236) |
96.5 (3.799) |
65.4 (2.575) |
68.0 (2.677) |
93.0 (3.661) |
68.5 (2.697) |
99.7 (3.925) |
101.0 (3.976) |
60.4 (2.378) |
943.2 (37.134) |
| % humidity | 86 | 78 | 71 | 75 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 74 | 81 | 85 | 86 | 76.8 |
| Avg. precipitation days | 7.2 | 6.7 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 5.8 | 7.1 | 5.2 | 6.8 | 8.5 | 6.3 | 85.5 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 58.9 | 96.1 | 151.9 | 177.0 | 210.8 | 243.0 | 285.2 | 251.1 | 186.0 | 130.2 | 66.0 | 58.9 | 1,915.1 |
| Source: MeteoAM [40] | |||||||||||||
Cityscape[link]
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Architecture[link]
See also: List of buildings in Milan and Villas and palaces in Milan
There are few remains of the ancient Roman colony that later became a capital of the Western Roman Empire. During the second half of the 4th century, Saint Ambrose, as bishop of Milan, had a strong influence on the layout of the city, redesigning the centre (although the cathedral and baptistery built at this time are now lost) and building the great basilicas at the city gates: Sant'Ambrogio, San Nazaro in Brolo, San Simpliciano and Sant'Eustorgio, which still stand, refurbished over the centuries, as some of the finest and most important churches in Milan. The largest and most important example of Gothic architecture in Italy, the Duomo, Milan's Cathedral, is the fourth largest cathedral in the world[41] after St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, the Cathedral of Seville and a new cathedral in the Ivory Coast.[41] Built between 1386 and 1577, it hosts the world's largest collection of marble statues with the widely visible golden Madonna statue on top of the spire, nicknamed by the people of Milan as Madunina (the little Madonna), that became one of the symbols of the city.
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In the second half of the fifteenth century, when the Sforza ruled the city, the old Visconti fortress was enlarged and embellished to became the Castello Sforzesco: the seat of an elegant Renaissance court surrounded by a walled hunting park stocked with game captured around the Seprio and Lake Como. Notable architects involved in the project included the Florentine Filarete, who was commissioned to build the high central entrance tower, and the military specialist Bartolomeo Gadio.[42] The political alliance between Francesco Sforza and the Florence of Cosimo de' Medici bore architectural fruit, as Milanese building came under the influence of Brunelleschian models of Renaissance architecture. The first notable buildings to show this Tuscan influence were a palazzo built to house the Medici Bank (of which only the main entrance survives) and the centrally planned Portinari Chapel, attached to Sant’Eustorgio and built for the first manager of the bank's Milan branch. Filarete, while in Milan, was responsible for the great public hospital known as the Ospedale Maggiore, and also for an influential Treatise on Architecture, which included a plan for a star-shaped ideal city called Sforzinda in honour of Francesco Sforza and passionately argued for the centrally planned form.
_z.jpg)
Leonardo da Vinci, who was in Milan from around 1482 until the fall of the city to the French in 1499, was commissioned in 1487 to design a tiburio, or crossing tower for the cathedral, although he was not chosen to build it.[43][44] However, the enthusiasm he shared with Filarete for the centrally-planned building gave rise in this period to numerous architectural drawings [pictured], which were influential in the work of Donato Bramante and others. Bramante's work in the city, which included Santa Maria presso San Satiro (a reconstruction of a small 9th-century church), the beautiful luminous tribune of Santa Maria delle Grazie and three cloisters for Sant'Ambrogio, drew also on his studies of the Early Christian architecture of Milan such as the Basilica of San Lorenzo.[45]
The Counter-Reformation was also the period of Spanish domination and was marked by two powerful figures: Saint Charles Borromeo and his cousin, Cardinal Federico Borromeo. Not only did they impose themselves as moral guides to the people of Milan, but they also gave a great impulse to culture, with the creation of the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, in a building designed by Francesco Maria Ricchino, and the nearby Pinacoteca Ambrosiana. Many notable churches and Baroque mansions were built in the city during this period by the architects, Pellegrino Tibaldi, Galeazzo Alessi and Ricchino himself.[46]
Empress Maria Theresa of Austria was responsible for the significant renovations carried out in Milan during the 18th century. She instigated profound social and civil reforms, as well as the construction of many of the buildings that still today constitute the pride of the city, like the Teatro alla Scala, inaugurated on 3 August 1778 and today one of the world's most famous opera houses. The annexed Museo Teatrale alla Scala contains a collection of paintings, drafts, statues, costumes, and other documents regarding opera and La Scala's history. La Scala also hosts the Ballet School of the Teatro alla Scala. The Austrian sovereign also promoted culture in Milan through projects such as converting the ancient Jesuit College, in the district of Brera, into a scientific and cultural centre with a Library, an astronomic observatory and the botanical gardens, in which the Art Gallery and the Academy of Fine Arts are today placed side by side. Milan was also widely affected by the Neoclassical movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, transforming its architectural style.
French Imperial rule of the city in the early 19th century produced several fine Neoclassical structures and mansions, Many of these are located in the Corso Venezia district,[47] including Villa Reale or Villa del Belgiojoso, built by Leopoldo Pollak in 1790.[48] It housed the Bonaparte family, mainly Josephine Bonaparte, but also several others key political figures of 1800, such as Count Joseph Radetzky von Radetz and Eugène de Beauharnais.[48] It is often regarded as one of the best types of Neoclassical architecture in Milan and Lombardy, surrounded by an English landscape garden. Today, it hosts a Gallery Contemporary Art in a fine context of classical columns, vast halls, marble statues and crystal chandeliers.[48]
Addictional, major examples of Neoclassical architecture in the city includes Palazzo Belgiojoso, former grand Napoleonic residence, and Palazzo Tarsis, built by Luigi Clerichetti for Count Paolo Tarsis in 1834, famous for its ornate façade.[47] The massive Arch of Peace,[47] also known as Porta Sempione (Sempione Gate), is situated in Piazza Sempione right at the end of the omonimous park. It is often compared to a miniature version of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. The works began in 1806 by order of Napoleone Bonaparte, under superivison of architect Luigi Cagnola. Just like with the Arc de Triomphe, Napoleon's 1815 defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, halted the construction of the monumental arch, but Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria ordered it to be completed as a celebration of the Vienna Congress and the peace treaties of 1815. It was completed by Francesco Peverelli on 10 September 1838.[48] Another noted Neoclassical building in the city is the Palazzo del Governo, constructed in 1817 by Piero Gilardoni.[48]
.JPG)
In the second half of the 19th century, Milan quicklt became the main industrial center in Italy, drewing inspiration from the great European capitals that were hubs of the technological innovations of the second industrial revolution and, consequently, of the deep social change that had been put in motion. The great Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, a covered passage that connects Piazza del Duomo, Milan to the square opposite of La Scala opera house, was built by architect Giuseppe Mengoni between 1865 and 1877 to celebrate Vittorio Emanuele II, first king of reunited Italy. The galleria is covered by an arching glass and cast iron roof, a popular design for 19th-century arcades, such as the Burlington Arcade in London, which was the prototype for larger glazed shopping arcades, beginning with the Saint-Hubert Gallery in Brussels and the Passazh in St Petersburg. Another late 19th century eclectic monument in the city is Cimitero Monumentale, built in a Neo-Romanesque style by several architects between 1863 and 1866.
The tumultuous period of early 20th century brought several, radical innovations in Milanese architecture. Art Nouveau, also known as Liberty in Italy, started to develop in the city during the years before the Great War;[49] alongside other major Italian cities, most notably Palermo and Turin, this partcoular style became highly popular, producing several notable buildings in the city,[49] developing its own, individual style known as "Liberty Milanese" (Milanese Art Nouveau), which, in many aspects, shares many traits with Vienna Secession.[50] Possibly one of the most notable Art Nouveau edfices in Milan is Palazzo Castiglioni in Corso Venezia, built by architect Giuseppe Sommaruga between 1901 and 1904.[49] Other remarkable examples include Hotel Corso[49] and Berri-Meregalli house, the latter built in a traditional Milanese Art Nouveau style combined with elements of neo-Romanesque and Gothic revial architecture, regarded as one of the last such types of architecture in the city.[51] In 1906, with the Universal Exposition, the city was able to exhibit its Art Nouveau works, that was thus considered the official style of the exposition.[52] Nonetheless, as the century progressed, other styles started to be explored, including neo-Romanesque, eclectic and Gothic revival architecture, so Art Nouveau started falling out of fashion by c. 1913, when the official season was closed by Sommaruga.[52] A new, more eclectic form of architecture can be seen in buildings such as Castello Cova, built the 1910s in a distinctly neo-medieval style, evoking the architectural trends of the past.[53] A late Example of Art Deco, which blended such styles with Fascist architecture, is the massive Milano Centrale railway station by Ulisse Stacchini, inaugurated in 1931.
The post–World War II period saw rapid reconstruction and fast economic growth, accompanied by a nearly twofold increase in population. A strong demand for new residential and commercial areas drove to extreme urban expansion and architectural renewal, that has produced some of the major milestones in the city's architectural history, including Gio Ponti's Pirelli Tower (1956–60), Velasca Tower (1956–58), and the creation of brand new residential satellite towns, as well as huge amounts of low quality public housings. In recent years, deindustrialization, urban decay and gentrification led to a massive urban renewal of former industrial areas, that have been transformed into modern residential and financial districts, notably Porta Nuova and FieraMilano in the suburb of Rho. The old Fiera area is being completely rebuild thanks to the project Citylife and will feature, amongst residences museums and a large park, three skyscraper designed by famous international architects, from whom they will take the names: Isozaki Tower, Hadid Tower and Libeskind Tower. They will all have remarkable shapes: the Hadid Tower[54] is twisted, the Libeskind Tower[55] and the Isozaki Tower,[56] although being perfectly straight, will reach 200m becoming the tallest building in Italy.
Parks and gardens[link]
Despite the fact that Milan has a very small amount of green space in comparison to other cities of the same size,[57] the city does boast a wide variety of parks and gardens. The first public parks were established 1857 and 1862, and were designed by Giuseppe Balzaretto. They were situated in a "green park district", found in the areas of Piazzale Oberdan (Porta Venezia), Corso Venezia, Via Palestro and Via Manin.[58] Most of them were landscaped in a Neoclassical style and represented traditional English gardens, often full of botanic richness.[58] Since 1990 Milan is surrounded by the regional Parco Agricolo Sud Milano that wraps the southern half of the city, connecting Ticino Park in the west and Adda Park in the east. The Park was instituted in order to safeguard and enhance the old agricultural landscape and activities, woodlands and natural reserves, with an overall size of 47,000 hectares.
The most important parks in Milan are the set of adjacent parks in the western area of the city forming Parco Agricolo Sud Milano (Parco delle Cave, 131 hectares; Boscoincittà, 110 hectares; and Trenno Park, 59 hectares, whose total area amounts to about 300 hectares), Sempione Park, Parco Forlanini, Giardini Pubblici, Giardino della Villa Comunale, Giardini della Guastalla and Lambro Park. Sempione Park is a large public park, situated between the Castello Sforzesco and the Peace Arch, near Piazza Sempione. It was built by Emilio Alemagna, and contains a Napoleonic Arena, the Milan City Aquarium, a tower, an art exhibition centre, some ponds and a library.[58] Then there is Parco Forlani, which, with a size of 235 hectares is the largest park in Milan,[58] and contains a hill and a pond. Giardini Pubblici is among Milan's oldest remaining public parks, founded on 29 November 1783, and completed around 1790.[60] It is landscaped in English style, containing a pond, a Natural History Museum of Milan and the Neoclassical Villa Reale. Giardini della Guastalla is also one of the oldest gardens in Milan, and consists mainly of a decorated fish pond.
Milan also hosts three important botanical gardens: the Milan University Experimental Botanical Garden (a small botanical garden operated by the Istituto di Scienze Botaniche), the Brera Botanical Garden (another botanical garden, founded in 1774 by Fulgenzio Witman, an abbot under the orders of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria, and restored in 1998 after several years of abandonment) and the Cascina Rosa Botanical Garden. On 23 January 2003, a Garden of the Righteous was established in Monte Stella to commemorate those who opposed genocides and crimes against humankind. It hosts trees dedicated to Moshe Bejski, Andrei Sakharov, the founders of the Gardens of the Righteous in Yerevan and Pietro Kuciukian, and others. The decision to commemorate a "Righteous" person in this Garden is made every year by a commission of high-profile characters.
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1861 | 267,618 | — |
| 1871 | 290,514 | +8.6% |
| 1881 | 354,041 | +21.9% |
| 1901 | 538,478 | +52.1% |
| 1911 | 701,401 | +30.3% |
| 1921 | 818,148 | +16.6% |
| 1931 | 960,660 | +17.4% |
| 1936 | 1,115,768 | +16.1% |
| 1951 | 1,274,154 | +14.2% |
| 1961 | 1,582,421 | +24.2% |
| 1971 | 1,732,000 | +9.5% |
| 1981 | 1,604,773 | −7.3% |
| 1991 | 1,369,231 | −14.7% |
| 2001 | 1,256,211 | −8.3% |
| 2010 (Est.) | 1,324,110 | +5.4% |
| Source: ISTAT 2001 | ||
The city proper has a population of 1,324,110 inhabitants as of December 2010. The population of Milan peaked at 1.7 million in 1973. Thereafter, during the following 30 years, almost one third of the population moved to the outer belt of new suburbs and satellite settlements that grew around the city proper.[35] At the same time, the city attracted increasing flows of foreign immigrants. The population of Milan, like many western cities, is characterized by low fertility rates, low crude birth rates and rapid ageing: in 2009, only 12.6% of the resident population was under 14, while 30.1% was over 60.[61]
Immigration[link]
| 2010 top ten Milan countries of birth[62] | |
|---|---|
| Country of birth | Population |
 Philippines |
33,753 |
 Egypt |
28,666 |
 China |
18,918 |
 Peru |
17,674 |
 Ecuador |
13,539 |
 Sri Lanka |
13,339 |
 Romania |
12,146 |
 Morocco |
7,634 |
 Ukraine |
5,732 |
 Albania |
5,286 |
After the Second World War, Milan experienced two main waves of mass immigration: the first, dating from the 1950s to the 1970s, was formed by immigrantion from poorer and rural areas of Italy; the second, starting from the 1980s and ongoing, is mainly composed of foreign immigrants, especially from Eastern Europe, North Africa, Latin America and the Far East.
The first migration wave coincided with the so called Italian economic miracle of the 1950s and 1960s, a period of extraordinary growth based on rapid industrial expansion and massive public works, that brought to the city an immense flow of over 400,000 people, mainly from rural and overpopulated Southern Italy.[63] The second immigration wave, that started in the 1980s and grew stronger after the fall of the Berlin Wall, is mainly composed of foreign-born immigrants from North Africa (especially Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt) and from the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe (notably Albania, Romania, Ukraine, Moldova, Poland), in addition to a soaring number of Asians (in particular Chinese, Sri Lankans and Filipinos) and Latin Americans (Ecuadorians and Peruvians). At the beginning of the 1990s, Milan already hosted a population of foreign-born immigrants of 58,000 (or 4% of the then population), that eventually rose to over 117,000 by the end of the decade (about 9% of the hen population).[64] As of 2011, the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that about 236,000 foreign-born immigrants lived in Milan, representing almost 20% of the total resident population, a rapid increase from recent years levels.[65][66] The top ten countries of origin of the foreign born residents were the Philippines, Egypt, China, Peru, Ecuador, Sri Lanka, Romania, Morocco, Ukraine and Albania.[62]
Decades of mass immigration have made the city one of the most cosmopolitan and multi-cultural in Italy. Milan notably hosts the oldest and largest Chinese community in Italy, with almost 19,000 people in 2010.[67] Situated in the 9th district, and centered on Via Paolo Sarpi, an important commercial avenue, the Milanese Chinatown was originally established in the 1920s by immigrants from Wencheng County, in the Zhejiang province, and used to operate small textile and leather workshops.[68] Today, the area is famous for its hairdressing salons, oriental fashion boutiques, silk and leather stores, wholesales, and Chinese restaurants. Its multi-ethnical heritage makes the street one of Milan's most cosmopolitan and colourful, notably during the celebrations of Chinese New Year. There is also a substantial anglophone community living in Milan, and several English language publications to cater for them, such as Hello Milano, Where Milano and Easy Milano.
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Milan
While Rome is Italy's political capital, Milan is the country's economic and financial heart. With a 2008 GDP estimated at €136 billion,[69] the urban region of Milan contributes almost 9 percent of the national GDP and is home to over 45 percent of businesses in the Lombard region and more than 8 percent of all businesses in Italy. Milan is home to most international banks and the country's principal stock exchange. It has also seen a rapid increase in internet companies with both domestic and international companies such as Altavista, Google, Lycos, Virgilio and Yahoo! establishing their Italian operations in Milan. The city is, of course, famous for its fashion houses, with names such as Armani, Versace and Valentino, and these have attracted numerous media and advertising agencies. Milan is also home to a large number of telecommunication companies including both the state owned television companies and private media companies like Mediaset and Sky Italia. Milan also an important manufacturing center, especially for the automotive industry, with companies such as Alfa Romeo and Pirelli having a significant presence in the city. Other important products made in Milan include chemicals, machinery, pharmaceuticals and plastics. The city was included in a list of ten "Alpha world cities" by Peter J. Taylor and Robert E. Lang of the Brookings Institution.
As early as the late 12th century, the arts flourished and the making of armours was the most important industry in Milan. This period saw the beginning of those irrigation works that still render the Lombard plain a fertile garden. The development of the wool trade in 13th–14th century, subsequently gave the first impetus to the production of silk starting in the 15th century.[70] As in Venice and Florence, the making of luxury goods was an industry of such importance that in the 16th century the city gave its name to the English word “milaner” or “millaner”, meaning fine wares like jewellery, cloth, hats and luxury apparel. By the 19th century, a later variant, “millinery”, had come to mean one who made or sold hats. The industrial revolution in Northern Europe gave a new prominence to the north area of Milan. It sat on the trade route for goods coming over the Alps, and built mills powered by water from the many rivers and streams. In the mid-19th century cheaper silk began to be imported from Asia and the pest phylloxera damaged silk and wine production. More land was subsequently given over to industrialisation. Textile production was followed by metal and mechanical and furniture manufacture.
Today Milan is a European and world fashion centre, where the sector can count on 12,000 companies, 800 show rooms, and 6,000 sales outlets, while four weeks are dedicated to top shows and other events.[71] Publishing and media are represented by 700 book publishers, national newspapers and magazines and the recording studios of the national broadcaster RAI and the largest private TV company Mediaset.
Other key sectors in the city's economy are advanced research in health and biotechnologies, chemicals and engineering, banking and finance.[71] Milan is the home to Italy's main banking groups (198 companies) and over forty foreign banks. The Associazione Bancaria Italiana representing the Italian banking system and Milan Stock Exchange (225 companies listed on the stock exchange) are both located in the city.[71] The city can boast one of Europe's largest trade fair systems of over 1,600,000 sq.m. About 4.5 million visitors flock to the around 75 major events every year from all over the world as well as to the high-tech conference centres.[71] It is also a leader in the third sector of non-profit organisations with 6,000 bodies in the greater Milan area.[71]
Tourism is also an important part of the city's industry. While Euromonitor International have estimated that there were 1.894 million international arrivals in 2009, the Milan Chamber of Commerce estimates that there were over 5.5 million tourist arrivals in the same year, of which over 2.9 million were Italian, otherwise national, arrivals while over 2.6 million were international.[69]
Milan is presently undergoing a massive urban renewal. FieraMilano, the historical city trade fair operator, owned a fair ground known as "FieraMilanoCity", which was dismantled to be house for a major urban development, CityLife district. The new trade exhibition center, built in the north-western suburb of Rho and inaugurated in April 2005, makes FieraMilano one of the largest expo areas in the world.[72] Along with CityLife, many other construction projects are under way to rehabilitate disused industrial areas. Several famous architects take part in the projects, such as Renzo Piano, Norman Foster, Zaha Hadid,[73] Massimiliano Fuksas[74] and Daniel Libeskind.[73] Many of these projects are in preparation contextually to the Milan 2015 Expo.
Culture[link]
Entertainment and performing arts[link]
See also: Music of Milan
Milan is a major nation-wide and international centre of the performing arts, most notably opera. Milan hosts La Scala operahouse, considered one of the most prestigious operahouses in the world,[75] and throughout history has hosted the premieres of numerous operas, such as Nabucco by Giuseppe Verdi in 1842, La Gioconda by Amilcare Ponchielli, Madama Butterfly by Giacomo Puccini in 1904, Turandot by Giacomo Puccini in 1926, and more recently Teneke, by Fabio Vacchi in 2007. Other major theatres in Milan include the Teatro degli Arcimboldi, Teatro Dal Verme, Teatro Lirico and formerly the Teatro Regio Ducal. The city also has a renowned symphony orchestra and musical conservatory, and has been, throughout history, a major centre for musical composition: numerous famous composers and musicians such as Gioseppe Caimo, Simon Boyleau, Hoste da Reggio, Verdi, Giulio Gatti-Casazza, Paolo Cherici and Alice Edun are or were from, or call or called Milan their home. The city has also formed numerous modern ensembles and bands, such as the Dynamis Ensemble, Stormy Six and the Camerata Mediolanense have been formed.
Tourism[link]
Main article: Tourism in Milan
Milan is one of the European Union's most important tourist destinations, also being the 7th best city in Europe in terms of touristic reputation, attractions and branding;[76] with 1.902 million arrivals in 2007 and 1.914 million in 2008, it places itself 42nd and 52nd respectively, most visited city in the world.[77] According to a particular source, 56% of international visitors to Milan are from Europe, while 44% of the city's tourists are Italian, and 56% are from abroad.[57] The most important European Union markets are the United Kingdom (16%), Germany (9%) and France (6%).[57] According to the same study, most of the visitors who come from the USA to the city go on business matters, while Chinese and Japanese tourists mainly make up the leisure segment.[57] The average stay for a tourist in the city is of 3.43 nights, while foreigners stay for longer periods of time, 77% of which stay for a 2–5 night average. Of the 75% of visitors staying in hotels, 4-star ones are the most popular (47%), while 5-stars, or less than 3-stars represent 11% and 15% of the charts respectively.[57]
The city contains several cultural institutions, museums and galleries, some of which are highly important at an international level,[78] such as the city's Duomo and Piazza, the Convent of Sta. Maria delle Grazie with Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper, the San Siro Stadium, the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, the Castello Sforzesco, the Pinacoteca di Brera and the Via Monte Napoleone. Most tourists visit sights such as Milan Cathedral, the Castello Sforzesco and the Teatro alla Scala, however, other main sights such as the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, the Navigli and the Brera Academy and district are less visited and prove to be less popular.[57]
The Pinacoteca di Brera is one of Milan's most important art galleries. It contains one of the foremost collections of Italian paintings, an outgrowth of the cultural program of the Brera Academy, which shares the site in the Brera Academy. It contains masterpieces such as the Brera Madonna by Piero della Francesca. The Castello Sforzesco hosts numerous art collections and exhibitions. The best known of the current civic museums is the Pinacoteca del Castello Sforzesco, with an art collection including Michelangelo's last sculpture, the Rondanini Pietà, Andrea Mantegna's Trivulzio Madonna and Leonardo da Vinci's Codex Trivulzianus manuscript. The Castello complex also includes The Museum of Ancient Art, The Furniture Museum, The Museum of Musical Instruments and the Applied Arts Collection, The Egyptian and Prehistoric sections of the Archaeological Museum and the Achille Bertarelli Print Collection.
Milan's figurative art flourished in the Middle-Ages, and with the Visconti family being major patrons of the arts, the city became an important centre of Gothic art and architecture (Milan Cathedral being the city's most formidable work of Gothic architecture).[79] Also, rule of the Sforza family, between the 14th and 15th century, was another period in which art and architecture flourished. Milan became the seat of an elegant Renaissance court,[80] while great works, such as the Ospedale Maggiore, the public hospital designed by Filarete were built, and artists of the calibre of Leonardo da Vinci came to work in Milan, leaving works of inestimable value, such as the fresco of the Last Supper and the Codex Atlanticus.
_-_The_Last_Supper_(1495-1498).jpg)
Bramante also came to Milan to work on the construction of some of the most beautiful churches in the city; in Santa Maria delle Grazie the beautiful luminous tribune is by Bramante, as is the church of Santa Maria presso San Satiro.
The city was affected by the Baroque in the 17th and 18th centuries, and hosted numerous formidable artists, architects and painters of that period, such as Caravaggio and Francesco Hayez, which several important works are hosted in Brera Academy.[79]
Milan in the 20th century was the epicenter of the Futurist artistic movement. Filippo Marinetti, the founder of Italian Futurism wrote in his 1909 "Futurist Manifesto" (in Italian, Manifesto Futuristico), that Milan was "grande...tradizionale e futurista" ("grand...traditional and futuristic", in English). Umberto Boccioni was also an important Futurism artist who worked in the city.[79] Today, Milan remains a major international hub of modern and contemporary art, with numerous modern exhibitions.[79]
The Museo Poldi Pezzoli is another of the city's most important and prestigious museums. The museum was originated in the 19th century as the private collection of Gian Giacomo Poldi Pezzoli and his mother, Rosa Trivulzio, of the family of the condottiero Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, and has a particularly broad collection of Northern Italian and (for Italy) Netherlandish/Flemish artists. The Museum of the Risorgimento (Museo del Risorgimento) is a museum in Milan on the history of Italian unification from 1796 (Napoleon's first Italian campaign) and 1870 (Rome's annexation into the Kingdom of Italy) and on Milan's part in it (particularly the Five Days of Milan). It is housed in the 18th century Palazzo Moriggia. Its collections include Baldassare Verazzi's Episode from the Five Days and Francesco Hayez's 1840 Portrait of Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria. La Triennale di Milano is a design museum and events venue located inside the Palace of Art building, part of Parco Sempione, the park grounds adjacent to Castello Sforzesco. It hosts exhibitions and events highlighting contemporary Italian design, urban planning, architecture, music, and media arts, emphasizing the relationship between art and industry.
Fashion and design[link]
Milan is regarded as one of the international capitals of industrial and modern design, and one of the world's most influential cities in such fields.[81] The city is particularly well known for its high-quality ancient and modern furniture and industrial goods. Milan hosts the FieraMilano, Europe's biggest, and one of the world's most prestigious furniture and design fairs.[81] Milan also hosts major design and architecture-related events and venues, such as the "Fuori Salone" and the Salone del Mobile. In the 1950s and 60s as well as early 70's, being the main industrial centre of Italy and one of mainland Europe's most progressive and dynamic cities, Milan became, along with Turin, Italy's capital of post-war design and architecture. Skyscrapers, such as the Pirelli Tower and the Torre Velasca were constructed, and artists such as Bruno Munari, Lucio Fontana, Enrico Castellani and Piero Manzoni, to name a few, either lived or worked in the city.[82]
Milan is also regarded as one of the fashion capitals of the world, along with New York City, Paris, and London. The Global Language Monitor declared that in 2009 Milan was the top economic and media global capital of fashion,[83] despite the fact it fell down to sixth place in 2010,[84] and went up to fourth place in 2011.[85] Most of the major Italian fashion brands, such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, Prada, Armani and Dolce & Gabbana, are currently headquartered in the city. Numerous international fashion labels also operate shops in Milan, including an Abercrombie & Fitch flagship store, which has become a main consumer attraction. Furthermore, the city hosts the Milan Fashion Week twice a year, just like other international centres such as Paris, London, Tokyo, and New York. Milan's main upscale fashion district is the quadrilatero della moda (literally, "fashion quadrilateral"), where the city's most prestigious shopping streets (Via Monte Napoleone, Via della Spiga, Via Sant'Andrea, Via Manzoni and Corso Venezia) are held. The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, the Piazza del Duomo, Via Dante and Corso Buenos Aires are other important shopping streets and squares. Mario Prada, founder of Prada was born here, helping to cultivate its position as a world fashion capital.
Cuisine[link]
Like most cities in Italy, Milan and its surrounding area has its own regional cuisine, which, as it is typical for Lombard cuisines, uses more frequently rice than pasta, and features almost no tomato. Milanese cuisine includes "cotoletta alla milanese", a breaded veal (pork and turkey can be used) cutlet pan-fried in butter (which some claim to be of Austrian origin, as it is similar to Viennese "Wienerschnitzel", while others claim that the "Wienerschnitzel" derived from the "cotoletta alla milanese"). Other typical dishes are cassoeula (stewed pork rib chops and sausage with Savoy cabbage), ossobuco (stewed veal shank with a sauce called gremolata), risotto alla milanese (with saffron and beef marrow), busecca (stewed tripe with beans), and brasato (stewed beef or pork with wine and potatoes). Season-related pastries include chiacchiere (flat fritters dusted with sugar) and tortelli (fried spherical cookies) for Carnival, colomba (glazed cake shaped as a dove) for Easter, pane dei morti ("Deads' Day bread", cookies aromatized with cinnamon) for All Soul's Day and panettone for Christmas. The salame milano, a salami with a very fine grain, is widespread throughout Italy. The best known Milanese cheese is gorgonzola from the namesake town nearby, although today the major gorgonzola producers operate in Piedmont.
On addition to a unique cuisine, Milan has several world-renowned restaurants and cafés. Most of the more refined and upper-class restaurants are found in the historic centre, while the more traditional and popular ones are mainly located in the Brera and Navigli districts. Today, there is also a Nobu Japanese restaurant in Milan, which is located in Armani World in Via Manzoni and is regarded as being one of the trendiest restaurants in the city.[86] One of the city's chicest cafés or pasticcerie is the Caffè Cova, an ancient Milanese coffeehouse founded in 1817 near the Teatro alla Scala, which has also opened franchises in Hong Kong.[87] The Biffi Caffè and the Zucca in Galleria are also famous and historical "Caffès" situated in Milan. Other restaurants in Milan include the Hotel Four Seasons restaurant, La Briciola, the Marino alla Scala and the Chandelier. Today, there is also a McDonald's fast-food restaurant in the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, and some new boutique-cafés, such as the Just Cavalli Café, owned by the luxury fashion goods brand Roberto Cavalli.
Language and literature[link]
Main article: Milanese literature
File:Alessandro Manzoni statue.jpg
Monument to Alessandro Manzoni in Piazza San Fedele.
In the late 18th century, and throughout the 19th, Milan was an important centre for intellectual discussion and literary creativity. The Enlightenment found here a fertile ground. Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria, with his famous Dei delitti e delle pene, and Count Pietro Verri, with the periodical Il Caffè were able to exert a considerable influence over the new middle-class culture, thanks also to an open-minded Austrian administration. In the first years of the 19th century, the ideals of the Romantic movement made their impact on the cultural life of the city and its major writers debated the primacy of Classical versus Romantic poetry. Here, too, Giuseppe Parini, and Ugo Foscolo published their most important works, and were admired by younger poets as masters of ethics, as well as of literary craftsmanship. Foscolo's poem Dei sepolcri was inspired by a Napoleonic law that—against the will of many of its inhabitants—was being extended to the city. In the third decade of the 19th century, Alessandro Manzoni wrote his novel I Promessi Sposi, considered the manifesto of Italian Romanticism, which found in Milan its centre, and Carlo Porta wrote his poems in Western Lombard Language. The periodical Il Conciliatore published articles by Silvio Pellico, Giovanni Berchet, Ludovico di Breme, who were both Romantic in poetry and patriotic in politics. After the Unification of Italy in 1861, Milan lost its political importance; nevertheless it retained a sort of central position in cultural debates. New ideas and movements from other countries of Europe were accepted and discussed: thus Realism and Naturalism gave birth to an Italian movement, Verismo. The greatest verista novelist, Giovanni Verga, was born in Sicily but wrote his most important books in Milan.
In addition to Italian, approximately a third of the population of western Lombardy[citation needed] can speak the Western Lombard language[citation needed], also known as Insubric[citation needed]. In Milan, some people (mostly elder ones) of the city (natives but also, less often, immigrants) can speak the traditional Milanese language —that is to say the urban variety of Western Lombard, which is not to be confused with the Milanese-influenced regional variety of the Italian language.
Religion[link]
Milan's population, like that of Italy as a whole, is mostly Catholic. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan. Other religions practised include: Orthodox Churches,[88] Buddhism,[89] Judaism,[90] Islam[91][92] and Protestantism.[93][94] Milan has its own historic Catholic rite known as the Ambrosian Rite (Italian: Rito ambrosiano). It varies slightly from the typical Catholic rite (the Roman, used in all other western regions), with some differences in the liturgy and mass celebrations, in the Canons are Easter and Lent, in the colour of liturgical vestments, peculiar use of incense, marriage form, office for the dead, baptism by immersion, and in the calendar (for example, the date for the beginning of lent is celebrated some days after the common date, so the carnival has different date). The season of Advent is of six weeks duration and starts on the Sunday after the feast of Saint Martin (11 November). The Ambrosian rite is also practised in other surrounding locations in Lombardy, parts of Piedmont and in the Swiss canton of Ticino. The sounding of church bells uses a peculiar technique. Another important difference concerns the liturgical music. The Gregorian chant was completely unused in Milan and surrounding areas, because the official one was its own Ambrosian chant, definitively established by the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and earlier than the Gregorian.[95] To preserve this music there has developed the unique schola cantorum, a college, and an Institute called PIAMS (Pontifical Ambrosian Institute of Sacred Music), in partnership with the Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music (PIMS) in Rome.[96]
Sports[link]
Association football is the most popular sport in Italy, and Milan is home to two world-famous football teams: A.C. Milan and F.C. Internazionale Milano (Inter Milan). The former is normally referred to as "Mìlan" (pronounced with the stress on the first syllable, unlike the English and Milanese name of the city), the latter as "Inter". A match between these two teams is known as Derby della Madonnina. Milan is the only city in Europe who hosts two European Cup/Champions League winning teams (A.C. Milan and Internazionale). Both teams have also won the Intercontinental Cup (now FIFA Club World Cup). With a combined ten Champions League titles, Milan has won more European Cups than any other city. Both teams play at the UEFA 5-star rated Giuseppe Meazza Stadium, more commonly known as the San Siro, that is one of the biggest stadiums in Europe, with a seating capacity of over 80,000.[97]
The world famous Monza Formula One circuit is located near the city, inside a wide park. It is one of the world's oldest car racing circuits. The capacity for the F1 races is currently around 137,000 spectators. It has hosted an F1 race nearly every year since the first year of competition, with the exception of 1980.
Milan is home to Italy's most successful basketball team: Olimpia Milano. They won 25 Italian Championships as well as 3 European Champions Cups. The team play at the Mediolanum Forum, which houses 12,000 spectators.
Milan is also home to Italy's most ancient American football team: Rhinos Milano. They won 4 Italian Super Bowl. The team play at the Velodromo Vigorelli, which houses 8,000 spectators.
The city hosted, among other sport events, the FIFA World Cup in 1934 and 1990, the UEFA European Football Championship in 1980 and most recently the 2003 World Rowing Championships, the 2009 World Boxing Championships and some games of the FIVB World Championship in 2010.
Education[link]
Milan's higher education system comprises 39 university centres (44 faculties, 174,000 new students a year, equal to 10% of the entire Italian university population),[98] and has the largest number of university graduates and postgraduate students (34,000 and more than 5,000, respectively) in Italy.[99]
Founded on 29 November 1863, the Politecnico di Milano is the oldest university in Milan. Its most eminent professors over the years have included the mathematician Francesco Brioschi (its first Director), Luigi Cremona, and Giulio Natta (Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963). The Politecnico di Milano is nowadays organised in 16 departments and a network of 9 Schools of Engineering, Architecture and Industrial Design spread over 7 campuses over the Lombardy region with a central administration and management. The number of students enrolled in all campuses is approximately 40,000, which makes Politecnico di Milano the largest technical university in Italy.[100]
The University of Milan, founded 30 September 1923, is a public teaching and research university with 9 faculties, 58 departments, 48 institutes and a teaching staff of 2,500 professors. A leading institute in Italy and Europe for scientific productivity, the University of Milan is the largest university in the region, with approximately 65,000 enrolled students.[101]
File:Collegio studenti Bicocca 2.jpg
The colledge for students of University of Milan Bicocca.
The University of Milan Bicocca was instituted on 10 June 1998, to serve students from Northern Italy and take some pressure off the historical University of Milan, which was getting overcrowded. It is set in Bicocca, an area in the northern part of Milan, which was the core of its past industrial activity with some of the largest Italian factories in steel processing, chemical manufacturing, and electro-mechanics. In the faculty of science non-traditional degrees, from B.Sc. to Ph.D., in materials science, biotechnology and environmental science are coupled to the conventional ones in physics, mathematics, biology, chemistry, computation and earth science. At present the university hosts more than 30,000 students.[102]
The Luigi Bocconi Commercial University is a private university focused on economics, management, finance and law. Established in 1902, has been ranked among the top 20 best business schools in the world by The Wall Street Journal international rankings, especially thanks to its M.B.A. program, which in 2007 placed it no. 17 in the world in terms of graduate recruitment preference by major multinational companies.[103] Forbes has ranked Bocconi no.1 worldwide in the specific category Value for Money.[104] In May 2008, Bocconi overtook several traditionally top global business schools in the Financial Times Executive education ranking, reaching no. 5 in Europe and no. 15 in the world.[105]
The Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, founded in 1921 by Father Agostino Gemelli, is currently the biggest Catholic university in the world with almost 42,000 enrolled students.[106]
The University of Languages and Communication of Milan, founded in 1968, is specialized in consumer and services research, business communication and ICT, tourism, fashion, cultural heritage and its exploitation, foreign languages for business, economics, marketing and distribution. The two campuses of Milan and Feltre have almost 10,000 enrolled students.[107]
The Saint Raphael University was fundamentally born as an off-spring of the research hospital structure St. Raphael Hospital, where students attend basic research laboratories in many research fields, including neurology, neurosurgery, diabetology, molecular biology, AIDS studies among others. It has expanded since then to include research fields in cognitive science and philosophy.[108]
The Academy of Fine Arts of Brera is a public academic institution dedicated to teach and research within the creative art, (painting, sculpting, graphics, photo, video etc.) and cultural historical disciplines. It is the academic institution with the highest rate of internationalization in Italy with about 3,500 students including over 850 foreigners from 49 nations.
The New Academy of Fine Arts of Milan, founded in 1980, is a private academy that offers Bachelor and Master of Arts Degree Programs, Academic Master Programs, Diploma Program and Semester Abroad Programs held in English that are accredited by the US University System in the fields of Visual Arts, Graphic Design, Design, Fashion, Media Design and Theatre Design. Over 1,000 students coming from all over Italy and 40 different countries are currently studying at the academy.[109]
The European Institute of Design is a private university specialized in fashion, industrial and interior design, audio/visual design including photography, advertising and marketing and business communication. The school was founded in 1966 today enrolls over 8,000 students.
The Marangoni Institute is a fashion institute with campuses in Milan, London, and Paris. Founded in 1935, it prepares highly skilled professionals for the fashion and design industries.
The Domus Academy (DA) is a private postgraduate institution that offers a series of professional masters degrees in various design-oriented or design-based fields such as industrial design, fashion management, urban management and architecture, business design, interaction design, etc. Founded in 1982 by such Milanese design luminaries such as Gianfranco Ferre and Andrea Branzi, DA now attracts students from all over the world interested in the interplay among research, design, and management.
The Milan Conservatory is a college of music established by a royal decree of 1807, when the city was the capital of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy. It opened the following year with premisses in the cloisters of the Baroque church of Santa Maria della Passione. There were initially 18 boarders, including students of both sexes. With more than 1,700 students, over 240 teachers and 20 majors, it is Italy's largest university of music.[110]
Transport[link]
Main article: Transport in Milan
Milan is one of southern Europe's key transport nodes and one of Italy's most important railway hubs for local, national and international routes. Five major railway stations in Milan, among which the Milan Central station, are among Italy's busiest.[111][112] Since the end of 2009, two High speed train lines link Milan to Rome, Naples and Turin considerably shortening travel times with other major cities in Italy.
The Azienda Trasporti Milanesi (ATM) operates within the metropolitan area, managing a public transport network consisting of an underground rapid transit network and tram, trolley-bus and bus lines. Overall the network covers nearly 1,400 km (870 mi) reaching 86 municipalities. Besides public transport, ATM manages the interchange parking lots and other transportation services including bike sharing and car sharing systems.[113]
Milan Metro is the rapid transit system serving the city, with 3 lines and a total length of more than 80 km (50 mi). Two additional lines are currently under construction.[114] The Suburban Railway Service Lines comprises 10 lines and connects the metropolitan area with the city centre through the Milan Passerby underground railway.
The city tram network consists of approximately 160 kilometres (99 mi) of track and 17 lines.[115] Bus lines cover over 1,070 km (665 mi). Milan has also taxi services operated by private companies and licensed by the City council of Milan. The city is also a key node for the national road network, being served by all the major highways of Northern Italy.
Milan is served by three international airports. The Malpensa International Airport, the second busiest in Italy (about 19 million passengers in 2010), is 45 km (28 mi) from central Milan and connected to the city by the "Malpensa Express" railway service. The Linate Airport, which lies within the city limits, is mainly used for domestic and short-haul international flights, and served over 9 million passengers in 2010.[116] The airport of Orio al Serio, near the city of Bergamo, serves the low-cost traffic of Milan (8 million passengers in 2010).[117]
International relations[link]
Twin towns and sister cities[link]
Birmingham, United Kingdom[119]
Dakar, Senegal, since 1974[118]
Frankfurt, Germany, since 1969[118][120]
Guadalajara, Mexico
Bethlehem, Palestinian Authority, since 2000[118][121][122][123]
Kraków, Poland, since 2003[124]
Lyon, France, since 1967[118][125]
Melbourne, Australia, since 2004[118][126]
Osaka, Japan, since 1981[118]
Saint Petersburg, Russia, since 1961[118][127]
São Paulo, Brazil, since 1961[118][128][129][130]- Shanghai, China, since 1979[118]
Tel Aviv, Israel, since 1997[118][131]
Toronto, Canada, since 2003[118]
Chicago, United States, since 1962[118]
Other forms of cooperation, partnership and city friendship[link]
Amman, Jordan
Bangkok, Thailand
Belgrade, Serbia- Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Bogota, Colombia
Minsk, Belarus- Montreal, Canada
Sofia, Bulgaria
See also[link]
References[link]
Bibliography[link]
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- The decline and fall of the Roman Empire (Edward Gibbon)
- The later Roman empire (Jones), Blackwell and Mott, Oxford
- Milano romana / Mario Mirabella Roberti (Rusconi publisher) 1984
- Marchesi, i percorsi della Storia Minerva Italica (It)
- Milano tra l'eta repubblicana e l'eta augustea: atti del Convegno di studi, 26–27 marzo 1999, Milano
- Milano capitale dell'impero romano: 286–402 d.c.–(Milano) : Silvana, (1990).–533 p.: ill. ; 28 cm.
- Milano capitale dell'Impero romano: 286–402 d.c. – album storico archeologico.–Milano: Cariplo: ET, 1991.–111 p.: ill; 47 cm. (Pubbl. in occasione della Mostra tenuta a Milano nel) 1990.
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Notes[link]
- ^ a b c Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. "Milan (Italy) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/382069/Milan#. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
- ^ City population (i.e. that of the comune or municipality) from [http://demo.istat.it/index_e.html ISTAT.
- ^ "Milan Urban Area". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan_metropolitan_area#Composition_of_Milan_Urban_Area&TYPE=browse. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
- ^ "EXPO 2015 Official Website – Milan, Italy". http://en.expo2015.org/why-milan&TYPE=browse. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
- ^ Gert-Jan Hospers (2002). "Beyond the Blue Banana? Structural Change in Europe's Geo-Economy" (PDF). 42nd EUROPEAN CONGRESS of the Regional Science Association Young Scientist Session – Submission for EPAINOS Award 27–31 August 2002 – Dortmund, Germany. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070929001624/http://www.ersa.org/ersaconfs/ersa02/cd-rom/papers/210.pdf. Retrieved 27 September 2006.
- ^ "Official ISTAT estimates". Demo.istat.it. http://demo.istat.it/str2008/index.html. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
- ^ "The Global Language Monitor » Fashion". Languagemonitor.com. http://www.languagemonitor.com/fashion/. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
- ^ "Milan, Italy | frog". Frogdesign.com. http://www.frogdesign.com/contact/milan.html-0. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
- ^ http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html
- ^ http://www.atkearney.at/content/misc/wrapper.php/id/50369/name/pdf_urban_elite-gci_2010_12894889240b41.pdf
- ^ "Euromonitor International’s top city destinations ranking". Euromonitor.com. http://www.euromonitor.com/euromonitor-internationals-top-city-destinations-ranking/article. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
- ^ http://www.wiwi-online.de/download/pudowns/sda_bocconi_only_italian_school_in_bloomberg_businessweek%5C's_top_global_schools.pdf
- ^ "Europe's Top B-Schools 2011: 5. SDA Bocconi - BusinessWeek". Images.businessweek.com. 2009-12-08. http://images.businessweek.com/slideshows/20110318/europe-s-top-b-schools-2011/slides/6. Retrieved 2012-02-14.
- ^ http://www.monocle.com/sections/design/Web-Articles/Milan-2009/
- ^ a b "Milan Travel Guide". www.worldtravelguide.net. http://www.worldtravelguide.net/city/82/city_guide/Europe/Milan.html. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
- ^ medius + lanum; Alciato's "etymology" is intentionally far-fetched.
- ^ Bituricis vervex, Heduis dat sucula signum.
- ^ Laniger huic signum sus est, animálque biforme, Acribus hinc setis, lanitio inde levi.
- ^ "Alciato, ''Emblemata'', Emblema II". Emblems.arts.gla.ac.uk. http://www.emblems.arts.gla.ac.uk/french/emblem.php?id=FALc002. Retrieved 13 March 2009.
- ^ "313 The Edict of Milan". www.christianitytoday.com. http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/1990/issue28/2809.html. Retrieved 14 January 2010.
- ^ See the Versum de Mediolano civitate.
- ^ Henry S. Lucas, The Renaissance and the Reformation (Harper & Bros.: New York, 1960) p. 37.
- ^ Ibid., p. 38.
- ^ Robert S. Hoyt & Stanley Chodorow Europe in the Middle Ages (Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich: New York, 1976) p. 614.
- ^ a b Henry S. Lucas, The Renaissance and the Reformation p. 268.
- ^ "The History of Milan – Relazioni Internazionali – Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore". internationalrelations.unicatt.it. http://internationalrelations.unicatt.it/it/international_student/the_history_of_milan. Retrieved 14 January 2010.
- ^ John Lothrop Motley, The Rise of the Dutch Republic Vol. II (Harper Bros.: New York, 1855) p. 2.
- ^ Cipolla, Carlo M. Fighting the Plague in Seventeenth Century Italy. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1981.
- ^ Bloy, Marjie (30 April 2002). "The Congress of Vienna, 1 November 1814—8 June 1815". The Victorian Web. http://www.victorianweb.org/history/forpol/vienna.html. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
- ^ Graham J. Morris. "Solferino". http://www.battlefieldanomalies.com/solferino/08_the_battle.htm. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
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- ^ a b Eco-milanese.doc "La Locomotive if il fiatone" (in Italian). http://www.arianuovainlombardia.it/ Eco-milanese.doc. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
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- ^ http://www.city-life.it/en/uffici-retail/torre-hadid/
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External links[link]
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- ATM – Milan's Transportation Company
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- Milan travel guide from Wikitravel
- The Milan Garden of the Righteous
- Milan City – Quick Guide to Milan
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| Alyssa Milano | |
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 Milano at the 2011 premiere of New Year's Eve |
|
| Born | Alyssa Jayne Milano (1972-12-19) December 19, 1972 (age 39) Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress, singer, producer |
| Years active | 1981–present |
| Spouse | Cinjun Tate (1999) David Bugliari (2009–present; 1 child) |
| Website | |
| alyssa.com | |
Alyssa Jayne Milano (born December 19, 1972) is an American actress and former singer, known for her childhood role as Samantha Micelli in the sitcom Who's the Boss? and an eight-year stint as Phoebe Halliwell on the series Charmed. She was also a series regular on the original Melrose Place portraying the role of Jennifer Mancini. Milano has a female sports apparel line, Touch.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Alyssa Milano is the daughter of Lin, a fashion designer and talent manager, and Thomas M. Milano, a film music editor.[1] Milano was born in Brooklyn and grew up on Staten Island. She has a younger brother, Cory (born in 1982), who is also an actor. In a 2003 interview, Milano recalled having had a good childhood, having grown up in a "loving, true family."[2]
Milano is a cousin to actors Eric Lloyd and Emily Ann Lloyd.
Career[link]
Early career[link]
Milano began her career at age eight after winning a role in an open audition for a national tour of Annie. She was one of the four picked out of an audition with over 1,500 girls.[3] She appeared in television commercials and off-Broadway productions.
At age 10, she won her first major role in the television show Who's the Boss? alongside Tony Danza, Judith Light, Danny Pintauro and Katherine Helmond. She co-starred as Samantha Micelli, the daughter of Danza's character. After Milano won the role, she and her father relocated from Staten Island to Hollywood. The rest of the family followed a year later, because her mother was initially unwilling to give up her home life "for a show that wasn't a guarantee."[4] Although born and raised in Brooklyn, Milano had trouble getting this accent right because she worked to lose it to land more roles in the theater, including in a stage adaption of Jane Eyre.[3]
On stage, she starred in Tender Offer, a one-act play written by Wendy Wasserstein, All Night Long by American playwright John O'Keefe,[5] and the first American musical adaptation of Jane Eyre. She returned to the theater in 1991, when she starred in and produced a Los Angeles production of Butterflies Are Free from December 26 until January 19, 1992.
In 1985, Milano was in the film Commando as Jenny Matrix, daughter of John Matrix (Arnold Schwarzenegger). Appearing at age 12 in an R-rated action film, Milano admitted she was sometimes "freaked out" by the weapons on set.[2] A few years later this film was shown in Japan, prompting a producer to offer Milano a five-album record deal. Subsequently, she appeared opposite John Gielgud in the children's film The Canterville Ghost (1986). The film did not achieve much praise or attention, and Variety magazine noted in its review: "Milano as the catalyzing daughter Jennifer adapts to the ghostly Sir Simon without a qualm; that, of course, is the true charm of the story, but Milano doesn't exhibit enough presence to match the droll, charming Gielgud.[6]
By the late 1980s, Milano was established as a teen idol,[2] appearing in made-for-television teen films such as Crash Course and Dance 'til Dawn (both 1988). Both projects allowed her to work alongside close personal friend Brian Bloom. Bloom and his brother Scott worked with Milano in episodes of Who's the Boss. This working camaraderie would later expand in 1993 when Milano guest starred in Brian's series The Webbers. She produced a teen workout video in 1988 called Teen Steam and achieved some fame outside the USA with her music career, which lasted until the early 1990s. In 1991, Milano wanted to quit acting to pursue an academic career, but was unable to gain release from her contract.[2]
When her role on Who's the Boss ended in 1992, Milano feared having trouble obtaining other roles, aware of the fate of many grown-up child stars in that period.[4] Nevertheless, she was excited when she found out the show was cancelled, being ready "to move on."[2] Milano tried to shed her "nice girl" image by appearing nude in several erotic films targeted at adults, such as Casualties of Love: The Long Island Lolita Story (1993), Embrace of the Vampire (1994), Deadly Sins (1995), and Poison Ivy II: Lily (1996), where she starred opposite Johnathon Schaech and Xander Berkeley.
In 1992, Milano auditioned for female lead as a homeless teenager in the independent film Where the Day Takes You. Although the crew was reluctant to sign a former child star, she was given a small role as a prostitute in the production.[2] She was noticed by the media, that helped her land the controversial role of Amy Fisher in the high profile TV movie Casualties of Love: The Long Island Lolita Story.[2] In 1994, she was considered to replace Shannen Doherty in Beverly Hills, 90210.[7] In 1996, Milano appeared opposite Mark Wahlberg and Reese Witherspoon in the thriller Fear
Later roles[link]
Her performance in Fear led to a starring role in Hugo Pool (1997), her first film released through cinemas since Commando.[2] Despite the milestone, Milano was soon out of work and after a period of six months, she decided to return to television. She portrayed bad girl Jennifer Mancini on Melrose Place (1997–1998), Meg Winston in Spin City, and most notably as Phoebe Halliwell on the eight-year run of the popular hit TV series Charmed (1998–2006). Her role on Melrose Place was offered to the actress by Aaron Spelling himself in late 1996.[8] The stint garnered her new fame and she was named the most successful and popular actress on the primetime soap, alongside Heather Locklear.[2] Milano and close friend Holly Marie Combs became producers for Charmed during the show's fifth season.
She played the role of Eva Savelot in MCI's commercials. In 2007, Milano filmed a pilot for ABC entitled Reinventing the Wheelers. The series was not picked up for the 2007–2008 season, but instead, Milano appeared in ten episodes of the show My Name Is Earl. This reunited her with Jaime Pressly, who guest-starred in the two-part Season 5 premiere of Charmed, "A Witch's Tail".[9]
Milano's commercial work includes appearing in the "Josie" music video by Blink-182, as well as 2007 television ads for Veet and Sheer Cover. She also appeared in mid-1980s commercial for Hi-C
Milano was part of TBS's special coverage installment Hot Corner for the 2007 Major League Baseball playoffs.[10] She reported at Fenway Park during the ALDS between the Boston Red Sox and the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. She also reported at Chase Field during the NLCS between the Arizona Diamondbacks and Colorado Rockies.
Milano starred in the 2008 film Pathology alongside Milo Ventimiglia and was then cast in a television sitcom, Single with Parents, which was pulled prior to production.
On March 20, 2009, it was announced that Milano would provide a voice for the Ghostbusters: The Video Game.[11] In a 2010 interview, she told the press that she had 'a blast' working on the game, although she recalled it being 'odd' having to grunt in a room alone.[12] It was speculated that following the voice over in the video game, she was set to star in Ghostbusters III, although Milano claimed she was never approached.[12]
On March 24, 2009, her book on her baseball fandom, Safe At Home: Confessions of a Baseball Fanatic, was released. Milano has signed on to star in and produce My Girlfriend's Boyfriend, a romantic comedy in which she plays a woman with a relationship dilemma.[13]
Milano starred in the sitcom Romantically Challenged as Rebecca Thomas, a recently divorced single mom attorney in Pittsburgh who has not dated "since Bill Clinton was president". The series premiered on ABC on April 19, 2010.[14] On why she accepted the role, Milano commented:
- "I was so attracted to the writing. Our creative showrunner is Ricky Blitt from Family Guy and I was struck at how funny the female characters were written. Usually the female characters are written pretty straightforward, like the straight-man but with Ricky’s writing, the women get to be equally as funny. That was what hooked me. James Burrows, who’s our director, is another major part of what attracted me to the show. It just seemed like a really good package and something that I could commit to in the long-term."[12]
On May 16, 2010, the series was cancelled after four episodes had aired.[15] On the show's cancellation, Milano wrote on her website:
- "It would be so very, very, easy for me to be upset and bitter about [it]. But... I'm not upset or bitter. [..] I am well aware that I'm in a business that sometimes makes decisions that are inexplicable. Dealing with those decisions is almost just as much a part of the job as memorizing my dialogue. My only true sadness comes from not being able to see Ricky, Mr. Burrows, Josh, Kelly and Kyle's face every day."[16]
Milano co-starred with Owen Wilson, Jenna Fischer and Christina Applegate in the comedy Hall Pass (2011), in which she was cast in February 2010.[17] She will produce and lead the cast of Lifetime's TV film Sundays at Tiffany's.[18] The latter will be her second collaboration with Lifetime, the first being 2008's Wisegal.[18] Milano appeared in the ensemble romantic comedy New Year's Eve.
Milano will star in the upcoming ABC drama Mistresses about the romantic lives of four women.[19]
Philanthropy[link]
Milano was appointed Founding Ambassador for the Global Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases, to which she donated $250,000. The Global Network is an alliance formed to advocate and mobilize resources in the fight to control neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Milano will work to raise awareness of NTDs by educating the mainstream media and general public of the plight faced by the one billion people who are afflicted by NTDs, and the importance in controlling and preventing this global health crisis.
Milano is a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador for the United States. She traveled to India, Kosovo, as well as Angola, to work with UNICEF field officers there. In the fall of 2004, she participated in UNICEF's "Trick or Treat" campaign as an official spokesperson. She raised approximately $50,000 for South African women and children with AIDS by selling own and school's photo work. In the late 1980s, she appeared on Phil Donahue's talk show where she kissed Ryan White, a schoolboy ostracised for having AIDS, to show that she would not catch it from him.[20]
In support of PETA, she appeared in an advertisement for them, advocating vegetarianism, in a dress made entirely of vegetables.[21]
In honor of her 37th birthday (December 19, 2009), Milano ran an online fundraising campaign for Charity:Water. Her original goal was to raise $25,000, but a donation from her husband put her over the $75,000 mark on December 18. The fundraiser was scheduled to run until December 26.[citation needed]
Personal life[link]
Milano has dyslexia. In a 2004 interview, she explained how she deals with the disorder:
I've stumbled over words while reading from teleprompters. Sir John Gielgud, whom I worked with on The Canterville Ghost years ago, gave me great advice. When I asked how he memorized his monologues, he said, "I write them down." I use that method to this day. It not only familiarizes me with the words, it makes them my own.[22]
Milano is a fan of the Los Angeles Dodgers and writes a regular baseball blog on the Major League Baseball's website.[23] In 2007, Milano launched her signature "Touch" line of team apparel for female baseball fans, selling it through her blog and Major League Baseball's website.[23] It also became available in 2009 through a boutique store located in Citi Field, the home of the New York Mets.[24] She has an interest in the Los Angeles Kings,[25] a National Hockey League team, and is involved with a related clothing line. In 2008, she expanded that to NFL football, as a New York Giants fan. Since Milano is in the same hometown as NFL Network's Rich Eisen (Staten Island), she revealed some of her family's connections with the New York Giants.[26]
Milano has eight tattoos on her body: one on each wrist and ankle, shoulder, neck, hip, and lower back. Milano is a vegetarian and appears in numerous PETA advertising campaigns for vegetarianism. Outside of acting, her hobbies include photography, humanitarian work, and spending time with her three dogs and eight horses. Milano has commented on her love for animals, and in a 2009 interview discussed one of her dogs, a German shepherd called Pinto, who had died at the age of 14; he had worked with the LAPD dogs and Milano had owned him for 10 years.[27]
Milano dated actor Corey Haim from 1987 to 1990.[28] She was engaged to Scott Wolf in 1993.[29] She was married to musician Cinjun Tate for 10 months in 1999.[30] She briefly dated Justin Timberlake in 2002.[31] After one year of dating, she and CAA agent David Bugliari were engaged December 18, 2008.[32] Milano and Bugliari married on August 15, 2009 in New Jersey, at the home of Bugliari's family.[33] In February 2011, it was announced that Milano and Bugliari were expecting their first child, a baby boy.[34][35] In August 2011 she gave birth to a son named Milo Thomas Bugliari.[36]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1984 | Old Enough | Diane | |
| 1985 | Commando | Jenny Matrix | Nominated—Young Artist Award for Exceptional Performance by a Young Actress Starring in a Feature Film–Comedy or Drama |
| 1986 | Canterville Ghost, TheThe Canterville Ghost | Jennifer Canterville | TV movie |
| 1988 | Crash Course | Vanessa Crawford | TV movie aka Driving Academy |
| 1988 | Dance 'til Dawn | Shelley Sheridan | Nominated—Young Artist Award for Best Young Actress in a Special, Pilot, Movie of the Week, or Miniseries |
| 1989 | Speed Zone! | Lurleen | aka Cannonball Fever |
| 1992 | Little Sister | Diana | |
| 1992 | Where the Day Takes You | Kimmy | |
| 1993 | Webbers, TheThe Webbers | Fan | TV movie |
| 1993 | Conflict of Interest | Eve | |
| 1993 | Casualties of Love: The Long Island Lolita Story | Amy Fisher | TV movie |
| 1993 | Candles in the Dark | Sylvia Velliste | TV movie |
| 1994 | Confessions of a Sorority Girl | Rita Summers | TV movie |
| 1994 | Double Dragon | Marian Delario/Power Corps Chief | |
| 1995 | Deadly Sins | Cristina | |
| 1995 | Embrace of the Vampire | Charlotte Wells | |
| 1995 | Surrogate, TheThe Surrogate | Amy Winslow | TV movie |
| 1996 | Jimmy Zip | Francesca | |
| 1996 | Poison Ivy II: Lily | Lily Leonetti | |
| 1996 | Fear | Margo Masse | |
| 1996 | Glory Daze | Chelsea | |
| 1996 | To Brave Alaska | Denise Harris | TV movie |
| 1996 | Public Enemies | Amaryllis | |
| 1997 | Below Utopia | Susanne | also credited as producer |
| 1997 | Hugo Pool | Hugo Dugay | |
| 1998 | Goldrush: A Real Life Alaskan Adventure | Frances Ella 'Fizzy' Fitz | TV movie |
| 2001 | Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure | Angel | Nominated—Annie Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Female Performer in an Animated Feature Production |
| 2001 | Diamond Hunters | Tracey Van der Byl | TV movie |
| 2002 | Buying the Cow | Amy | |
| 2002 | Kiss the Bride | Amy Kayne | |
| 2003 | Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star | Cyndi | |
| 2005 | Dinotopia: Quest for the Ruby Sunstone | 26 | (voice role) |
| 2007 | Blue Hour, TheThe Blue Hour | Allegra | |
| 2008 | Wisegal | Patty Montanari | TV movie also credited as producer |
| 2008 | Pathology | Gwen Williamson | |
| 2010 | DC Showcase: The Spectre | Aimee Brenner | (voice role) |
| 2010 | My Girlfriend's Boyfriend | Jesse Young | also credited as producer |
| 2010 | Sundays at Tiffany's | Jane | TV movie also credited as producer |
| 2011 | Hall Pass | Mandy Bohac | |
| 2011 | New Year's Eve | Nurse Mindy | |
| 2011 | Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked | Daphne Snow[37] |
| Year | Title | Role | Season | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1984–92 | Who's the Boss? | Samantha Micelli | 1–8 | 196 episodes Young Artist Award for Best Young Supporting Actress in a Television Series (1986) Exceptional Performance by a Young Actress, Starring in a Television, Comedy or Drama Series (1986) Best Young Female Superstar in Television (1988) Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards for Favorite TV Actress (1988, 1989) Blimp Award–Favorite TV Actress (1990) |
| 1997–98 | Melrose Place | Jennifer Mancini | 5–7 | 40 episodes Recurring season 5 Seven episodes in Season 7, left to take lead role in Charmed |
| 1998–2006 | Charmed | Phoebe Halliwell | 1–8 | 178 episodes Became a producer at the beginning of season 4. Nominated—Blimp Award for Favorite TV Actress (2005) Nominated—Teen Choice Awards for TV–Choice Actress (2006) |
| 2007 | Reinventing the Wheelers | Annie | TV pilot | |
| 2007.5 !2007–2008 | My Name Is Earl | Billie Cunningham | Recurring in Season 3, episodes 6–22. | |
| 2008 | Single with Parents | Lou | TV pilot | |
| 2010 | Romantically Challenged | Rebecca Thomas | 1 | 6 episodes |
| 2010–present | Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil | Scarlett (voice) | 1-2 | Recurring Role |
| 2011 | Young Justice | Poison Ivy | (voice role) |
| Year | Series title | Role | Episode title | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | Jem | Jessica Sharp | "Frame Up" | Season 1, episode 4 |
| 1989 | Living Dolls | Samantha Micelli | "It's My Party" ; "It's All Done with Mirrors" | Season 1, 2 episodes |
| 1990 | Série rose | "Softly from Paris" | Season 4, episode 1 | |
| 1990 | American Film Institute Presents: TV or Not TV?, TheThe American Film Institute Presents: TV or Not TV? | |||
| 1995 | The Outer Limits | Hannah Valesic | "Caught in the Act" | Season 1, episode 17 |
| 1997 | Spin City | Meg Winston | "They Shoot Horses, Don't They?" | Season 2, episode 11 |
| 1998 | Fantasy Island | Gina Williams | "Superfriends" | Season 1, episode 2 |
| 2001 | Family Guy | Herself | "Mr. Griffin Goes to Washington" | Season 3, episode 3 |
| 2001 | Spin City | Meg Winston | "Rain on My Charades" | Season 5, episode 17 |
| 2004 | Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, TheThe Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius | April Gorlock | "Win, Lose and Kaboom" | Voice, season 2 |
| 2010 | Castle | Kyra Blaine | "A Rose for Everafter" | Season 2, episode 12 |
| 2011-2012 | Breaking In | Amy | "Tis Better to Have Loved and Flossed" TBA |
Season 1, episode 2 Season 2, episode 9[38] |
Discography[link]
The discography of American pop singer Alyssa Milano includes four studio albums, two compilations, and eleven singles. These albums were only commercially available in Japan, with the exception of one single that was only available in France and a charity single that was available in the US.
- Studio albums
| Year | Information | Peak positions |
|---|---|---|
| JPN | ||
| 1989 | Look in My Heart
|
|
| 1989 | Alyssa
|
|
| 1991 | Locked Inside a Dream
|
|
| 1992 | Do You See Me?
|
|
- Compilations
| Year | Information | Peak positions |
|---|---|---|
| JPN | ||
| 1990 | The Best in the World: Non-Stop Special Remix/Alyssa's Singles
|
|
| 1995 | The Very Best of Alyssa Milano
|
|
- Singles
| Year | Single | Album | Peak positions | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. | U.S. AC | JPN | |||||||||
| 1989 | "What a Feeling" | Look in My Heart | – | – | – | ||||||
| "Look In My Heart" | – | – | – | ||||||||
| "Straight to the Top" | – | – | – | ||||||||
| "I Had a Dream" | Alyssa | – | – | – | |||||||
| "Happiness" | – | – | – | ||||||||
| 1990 | "The Best in the World" | The Best in the World | – | – | – | ||||||
| "I Love When We're Together"1 | Single Only | – | – | – | |||||||
| 1991 | "New Sensation" | Locked Inside a Dream | – | – | – | ||||||
| "Voices That Care" 1 | Single Only | 11 | 6 | – | |||||||
| 1992 | "Do You See Me?" | Do You See Me? | – | – | – | ||||||
| 1993 | "No Secret" 2 | Locked Inside a Dream | – | – | – | ||||||
Footnotes:
- 1 Non-album single
- 2 Only released in France
- Other recordings
- "Teen Steam" – Theme song from Alyssa Milano's Teen Steam Workout Video (1988).
References[link]
- ^ "Alyssa Milano Biography (1974–)". Filmreference.com. http://www.filmreference.com/film/43/Alyssa-Milano.html. Retrieved 2003-01-23.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Suju Vijayan, Julie Frankel, Alyssa Milano (2003). "Intimate Portrait: Alyssa Milano". Intimate Portrait. Lifetime. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0367888/.
- ^ a b Jules Asner, Alyssa Milano (July 1, 2002). "Revealed with Jules Asner: Alyssa Milano". Revealed with Jules Asner. E!. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0685684/.
- ^ a b Bonnie Hunt (May 14, 2009). "The Bonnie Hunt Show". The Bonnie Hunt Show. season 1. NBC. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1438132/.
- ^ ""STAGE: 'All Night Long'" by Frank Rich". The New York Times. 1984-03-29. http://theater2.nytimes.com/mem/theater/treview.html?res=990CE1DB1E39F93AA15750C0A962948260. Retrieved 2008-02-10. [dead link]
- ^ Variety magazine. September 26, 1986.
- ^ "Doherty out, Milano in?", The Gazette (Cedar Rapids), January 29, 1994. p. 16
- ^ Variety magazine. December 12, 1996.
- ^ "Exclusive: Earl Charmed By Alyssa Milano". TVGuide.com. http://www.tvguide.com/news/Exclusive-Earl-Charmed-8259.aspx. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
- ^ "The Official Site of Major League Baseball: TBS Hot Corner". MLB.com. http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/hotcorner/index.jsp. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
- ^ "Alyssa Milano to co-star in 'Ghostbusters' game". MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29801049/. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ^ a b c "Interview: Alyssa Milano Talks ‘Romantically Challenged’, ‘Charmed’, ‘Ghostbusters’". The Flick Cast. April 19, 2010. http://theflickcast.com/2010/04/19/interview-alyssa-milano-talks-romantically-challenged-charmed-ghostbusters/. Retrieved April 20, 2010.
- ^ "Alyssa Milano commits to 'Boyfriend'". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i4722353a16827bf002a0583a79d6576b. Retrieved 2009-06-02. [dead link]
- ^ "ABC Medianet". ABC Medianet. 2010-03-26. http://www.abcmedianet.com/web/dnr/dispDNR.aspx?id=032610_05. Retrieved 2010-04-11.
- ^ Ausiello, Michael (May 13, 2010). "This Just In: ABC cancels 'Romantically Challenged,' 'Scrubs,' 'Better Off Ted,' and 'FlashForward'". Entertainment Weekly. http://ausiellofiles.ew.com/2010/05/13/abc-cancels-romantically-challenged-scrubs-ted-flashforward/. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
- ^ "Romantically Challenged Cancellation". Alyssa.com. May 19, 2010. http://www.alyssa.com/news/romantically-challenged-cancellation/. Retrieved 2010-05-23.
- ^ "Applegate, Milano getting 'Hall Pass'". The Hollywood Reporter. February 25, 2010. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3ibbd92b255f3c388a2ee4b2f022027394. Retrieved 2010-09-04. [dead link]
- ^ a b "Milano plans for 'Sundays'". Alyssa.com. September 2, 2010. http://www.alyssa.com/news/alyssa-plans-for-sundays/. Retrieved 2010-09-04.
- ^ Nellie Andreeva, Alyssa Milano To Star In ABC’s ‘Mistresses’, Amanda Walsh Joins Fox’s ‘Rebounding’, Deadline.com, March 22, 2012
- ^ White, Ryan and Ann Marie Cunningham (1991). Ryan White: My Own Story. Dial Books. ISBN 0-8037-0977-3.
- ^ about 2 hours ago (2009-06-12). "PETA | Alyssa Milano". Alyssa.com. http://www.alyssa.com/media/peta/. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ "Us Weekly reports Alyssa Milano was spotted sipping champagne at Mansion in Miami Beach". Abstracts.net. http://abstracts.net/alyssa-milano/2004-04.html. Retrieved 2004-03-29.
- ^ a b "'I Want To Be Remembered as a Ballplayer Who Gave All He Had to Give'– Roberto Clemente". Alyssa.mlblogs.com. http://alyssa.mlblogs.com/. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
- ^ "Milano launches boutique store at Citi Field". The San Francisco Chronicle. Associated Press. 2009-04-18. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2009/04/18/sports/s100516D86.DTL. Retrieved 2009-04-19. [dead link]
- ^ "Alyssa Milano talks about Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Kings – ESPN Los Angeles". Sports.espn.go.com. 2010-04-19. http://sports.espn.go.com/los-angeles/mlb/columns/story?id=5115413. Retrieved 2011-07-30.
- ^ "Week 7 celebrity picks: Alyssa Milano". Nfl.com. 2010-04-07. http://www.nfl.com/videos?videoId=09000d5d80bb7e20. Retrieved 2010-04-11.
- ^ Novak, Blaine; Alison Landis Stone (Spring 2009). "Alyssa Milano: Making a Difference in the Lives of People and Pets". Healthy Pet: 16–19.
- ^ "Alyssa Milano on Ex Corey Haim's Death: "RIP Sweet Boy"". US Magazine. 2010-03-10. http://www.usmagazine.com/celebritynews/news/alyssa-milano-on-ex-corey-haims-death-rip-sweet-boy-2010103. Retrieved 2010-04-04.
- ^ Schindehette, Susan (1994-03-28). "Who'll Be the Boss!". People. http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20107729,00.html. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
- ^ "Alyssa Milano Gives Birth to Baby Boy". Fox News. August 31, 2011. http://www.foxnews.com/topics/entertainment/movies/actresses/alyssa-milano.htm. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
- ^ "Justin Timberlake flies solo". CNN. 2002-11-04. http://archives.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/Music/11/04/people.cel.timberlake/index.html.
- ^ "Alyssa Milano is Engaged!" US Magazine. January 6, 2009.
- ^ Wihlborg, Ulrica (2009-08-15). "Alyssa Milano Gets Married!". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20298139,00.html. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
- ^ Chiu, Alexis (2011-02-22). "Alyssa Milano, David Bugliari Expecting". People.com. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20468163,00.html. Retrieved 2011-07-30.
- ^ "IT’S A BOY!!! « Alyssa Milano – Official Website – Verified news source for Actress and Humanitarian Alyssa Milano". Alyssa.com. 2011-03-14. http://alyssa.com/?p=2368. Retrieved 2011-07-30.
- ^ Byrne, Alla (2011-08-31). "Alyssa Milano Baby Born". People.com. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20515859,00.html. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1615918/
- ^ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/09/alyssa-milano-breaking-in_n_1335555.html
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Alyssa Milano |
Media related to Alyssa Milano at Wikimedia Commons
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Milano, Alyssa |
| Alternative names | Milano, Alyssa Jayne |
| Short description | Actress, singer, producer |
| Date of birth | December 19, 1972 |
| Place of birth | Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Alyssa_Milano
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyssa_Milano
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Boom Jinx | |
|---|---|
_-_Terabass.jpg) |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Øistein Johan Eide |
| Born | (1974-09-10) 10 September 1974 (age 37)  Bergen, Norway |
| Genres | Progressive House Progressive Trance Progressive Breaks Ambient |
| Occupations | Producer |
| Years active | 2005-present (as Boom Jinx) |
| Labels | Anjunabeats, Anjunadeep, Distinct'ive Records |
| Associated acts | Andrew Bayer, Jaytech, Oliver Smith, Trifonic, BT, Above & Beyond, Justine Suissa, Ashley Tomberlin, Aruna, Teebee & Calyx (artist), Matt Lange, Thomas J. Bergersen, Soundprank |
| Website | http://boomjinx.com/ |
Boom Jinx is a music producer, composer, audio technician, sound designer and DJ hailing from Norway.
Contents |
Career[link]
In 1989, Øistein J. Eide started making music with SoundTracker developed for the Commodore Amiga computer. As a teenager, he spent more time making music than attending elementary school. When he was hired as a freelancer to do music for a major US game developer in 1991,[1] he decided to pursue a career in music.
After building a career in the advertising, video game, TV and film industry, he turned his attention to dance music in 2005. Despite a limited number of releases, Boom Jinx quickly developed a reputation for productions that showcased a high level of intricate detail and subtle nuances. Singles such as "Come Play Perfect" and "Remember September" received top reviews by DJ Magazine and URB, and his releases enjoyed support from leading DJs such as Tiësto, Armin van Buuren, Above & Beyond, Paul van Dyk, Ferry Corsten and more.
Boom Jinx's production "Manipulator" premiered alongside Nelly Furtado's "Promiscuous Girl" as "hot new track" on BBC Radio 1 [2] and was licensed to the hit television show CSI: Miami when it was the most popular TV series in the world.[3] In 2009, Boom Jinx teamed up with San Francisco-based Trifonic to write music for Electronic Arts' video game Need for Speed: Shift.[4] Music written with Trifonic licensed to CSI:_Crime_Scene_Investigation in February 2012.
DJ[link]
Voted #296 worldwide in DJ Magazine's Top 100 DJs poll in 2010. Has since 2009 performed in USA, Europe, Asia and Africa, sharing event billing with Above & Beyond, Gareth Emery, Markus Schulz, Sander Van Doorn, Gabriel & Dresden etc. 14-city US tour with Above & Beyond in 2009. US tour in 2010. Two Indian tours in 2011.
Debut Album[link]
An artist album on Anjunabeats announced for release in 2012 and is said to feature artists such as Justine Suissa, Ashley Tomberlin, Aruna, Teebee & Calyx (artist), Jaytech, Andrew Bayer, Matt Lange, Trifonic, Thomas J. Bergersen and more.
Discography[link]
Anjunabeats Releases[link]
- 2008 Boom Jinx feat. Key - Eternal Reminiscence [Original and Oliver Smith Mixes] (Anjunabeats)
- 2009 Boom Jinx & Oliver Smith - Sunrise [Original and Jaytech Mixes] (Anjunabeats)
- 2009 Boom Jinx & Oliver Smith - Sunrise [Joost van der Vleuten's Sunset Remix] (Anjunabeats)
- 2011 Boom Jinx feat. Justine Suissa - Phoenix From The Flames [Club and Omnia & The Blizzard Mixes] (Anjunabeats)
- 2011 Boom Jinx feat. Justine Suissa - Phoenix From The Flames [Maor Levi and Michael Cassette Mixes] (Anjunabeats)
Anjunadeep Releases[link]
- 2006 Boom Jinx - Come Play Perfect / Too Free To Follow [Original Mixes] (Anjunadeep)
- 2006 Boom Jinx - Too Free To Follow [Posh Mix] (Anjunadeep)
- 2007 Boom Jinx feat. Thomas J. Bergersen - Remember September [Original and Duderstadt Mixes] (Anjunadeep)
- 2008 Boom Jinx - Too Free To Follow [Posh Mix] [Stephen J. Kroos Remix] (Anjunadeep)
- 2009 Boom Jinx & Andrew Bayer - To The Six [Original and Matt Lange Mixes] (Anjunadeep)
- 2009 Boom Jinx & Andrew Bayer - To The Six [Club & Martin Roth Mixes] (Anjunadeep)
- 2009 Boom Jinx & Jaytech - Milano [Original and Ad Brown Mixes] (Anjunadeep)
- 2010 Boom Jinx & Andrew Bayer - By All Means / So It Goes [Original and Club Mixes] (Anjunadeep)
- 2010 Boom Jinx & Andrew Bayer - Keyboard Cowboys [Original and Jay Lumen Mixes] (Anjunadeep)
- 2010 Boom Jinx & Andrew Bayer - Fracture [Original, David West and Paul Beckwith Mixes] (Anjunadeep)
- 2010 Boom Jinx & Andrew Bayer vs. Trifonic & Matt Lange - Quadcore [Original and Steve Duda Mixes] (Anjunadeep)
- 2011 Boom Jinx & Andrew Bayer - By All Means [Solarity Remix] (Anjunadeep)
- 2011 Boom Jinx & Soundprank - Pieces Of The Puzzle [Original and Solarity Mixes] (Anjunadeep)
Other Releases[link]
- 2006 Boom Jinx - Suncast [Original, Rune Lindbaek, Lee Coombs, Neophasic, NineLives The Cat and Molomekaniske Remix] (Ruthless Recordings)
- 2006 Boom Jinx - Come On Over [Original and Dub Mixes] (Play Recordings)
- 2006 Boom Jinx - Manipulator [Original and (Praesul Records)
- 2007 Boom Jinx - Flicker [Original, Shiloh Mixes and Joel Armstrong Mixes] (Hunya Munya Records)
- 2010 Boom Jinx pres. BJX - Suncast [Original, Rune Lindbaek, Lee Coombs, Neophasic, NineLives The Cat and Molomekaniske Remix] (Distinctive Records]
- 2010 Boom Jinx pres. BJX - Come On Over [Club Dub, Dub Menace and Plaza De Funk Mixes] (Distinctive Records)
- 2010 Boom Jinx pres. BJX - Manipulator / Think Fast / The Blueberry Bounce [Original and Opencloud Mixes] (Distinctive Records)
- 2012 Boom Jinx & Daniel Kandi - Azzura [Original Mix] (Enhanced Recordings)
Remixes[link]
- 2005 Tilt - New Day [Boom Jinx Remix] (Lost Language)
- 2005 Tilt - New Day [Boom Jinx Dub] (Lost Language)
- 2006 Kyau vs. Albert - Kiksu [Boom Jinx Remix] (Anjunabeats)
- 2006 Can Costa & Josh Collins - Peyote Ugly [Boom Jinx Now! Mix] (CPR Digital)
- 2006 Jacob Todd & Jordan Nafie - Shattered [Boom Jinx's Los Locos Mix] (CP Recordings)
- 2006 Kyau & Albert - Kiksu [Boom Jinx Remix] (Euphonic)
- 2007 David West Ft. Inkfish - Searching For Substance [Boom Jinx Remix] (West Recordings)
- 2008 DJ Ella Shine Like A Superstar - [Boom Jinx Remix] (Microphone Records)
- 2008 LP Feat. Ashley Lawson - Clique [Boom Jinx Remix] (Shiznit Recordings)
- 2009 Hybrid - Finished Symphony [Boom Jinx Remix] (Distinctive Records)
- 2010 Zenith Nadir feat. Katana - Forever [Boom Jinx Club Mix] (Studio Kitty Recordings)
- 2011 Steve Duda - Fish [Boom Jinx & Andrew Bayer Remix] (Xfer Records)
Labels[link]
Boom Jinx is currently signed to Anjunabeats, Anjunadeep, Enhanced Recordings and Distinct'ive Records.
References[link]
- ^ "artist information". http://hol.abime.net/hol_search.php?N_ref_artist=1858. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
- ^ "Tracklisting from Bobby And Nihal's Radio 1 show.". http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/bobbyandnihal/tracklistingarchive.shtml?20060614. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
- ^ "heard on tv". http://heardontv.com/tvshow/CSI:+Miami/Season+5/Just+Murdered. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
- ^ "Need for Speed: Shift Original Videogame Score". http://www.game-ost.com/albums/2898/need_for_speed_shift_original_videogame_score/. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
External links[link]
- Official Boom Jinx website
- Boom Jinx discography
- Boom Jinx promo video on YouTube
- Boom Jinx TV Episode 1 - Nairobi, Kenya
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jinx, Boom |
| Alternative names | BJX |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1974-09-10 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Boom_Jinx
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boom_Jinx
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Springsteen" redirects here. For other uses, see Springsteen (disambiguation).
| Bruce Springsteen | |
|---|---|
 Springsteen in 2009; Working on a Dream Tour in Valladolid, Spain |
|
| Background information | |
| Also known as | The Boss, Bad Scooter |
| Born | (1949-09-23) September 23, 1949 (age 62) Long Branch, New Jersey, United States |
| Genres | Rock, folk rock, heartland rock, hard rock, roots rock |
| Occupations | Musician, Songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, harmonica, bass guitar, piano, percussion, banjo, drums, keyboards |
| Years active | 1969–present |
| Labels | Columbia |
| Associated acts | The E Street Band, Steel Mill, Miami Horns, The Sessions Band |
| Website | www.brucespringsteen.net |
| Notable instruments | |
| Fender Telecaster Takamine Guitars Gibson J-45 Hohner Marine Band Harmonica Gibson J-200 Gibson ES-335 Gibson Hummingbird |
|
Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949), nicknamed "The Boss," is an American singer-songwriter-performer who records and tours with the E Street Band. Springsteen is widely known for his brand of heartland rock, poetic lyrics, and Americana sentiments centered on his native New Jersey.[1]
Springsteen's recordings have included both commercially accessible rock albums and more somber folk-oriented works. His most successful studio albums, Born in the U.S.A. and Born to Run, showcase a talent for finding grandeur in the struggles of daily American life; he has sold more than 65 million albums in the United States and more than 120 million worldwide[2] and he has earned numerous awards for his work, including 21 Grammy Awards, two Golden Globes and an Academy Award. He is widely regarded by many as one of the most influential songwriters of the 20th century, and in 2004, Rolling Stone ranked him as the 23rd Greatest Artist of all time.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Springsteen was born in Long Branch, New Jersey, and spent his childhood and high school years in Freehold Borough. He lived on South Street in Freehold Borough and attended Freehold Borough High School. His father, Douglas Frederick Springsteen, was of Dutch and Irish ancestry and worked, among other vocations, as a bus driver, although he was frequently unemployed; his surname is Dutch for jump stone.[3] His mother, Adele Ann (née Zerilli), was a legal secretary and was of Italian ancestry.[4] His maternal grandfather was born in Vico Equense, a city near Naples. He has two younger sisters, Virginia and Pamela. Pamela had a brief film career, but left acting to pursue still photography full time; she took photos for the Human Touch and Lucky Town albums.
Raised a Roman Catholic,[5] Springsteen attended the St. Rose of Lima Catholic school in Freehold Borough, where he was at odds with the nuns and rejected the strictures imposed upon him, even though some of his later music reflects a Catholic ethos and included a few rock-influenced, traditional Irish-Catholic hymns.[6] Recently in Paris (2012) before the launch of his latest album, Wrecking Ball, he explained that it was his Catholic upbringing rather than political ideology that most influenced his music. He noted in the interview that his faith had given him a "very active spiritual life," although he joked that this "made it very difficult sexually." He added: "Once a Catholic, always a Catholic."[7]
In ninth grade, he transferred to the public Freehold Regional High School, but did not fit in there, either. Old teachers have said he was a "loner, who wanted nothing more than to play his guitar." He completed high school, but felt so uncomfortable that he skipped his own graduation ceremony.[8] He briefly attended Ocean County College, but dropped out.[6]
Career history[link]
1962–1972: Early years[link]
Springsteen had been inspired to take up music at the age of seven after seeing Elvis Presley on The Ed Sullivan Show. At 13, his mother bought him his first guitar for $18; later, she took out a loan to buy the 16-year-old Springsteen a $60 Kent guitar, as he later memorialized in his song "The Wish".
In 1965, he went to the house of Tex and Marion Vinyard, who sponsored young bands in town. They helped him become the lead guitarist and subsequently the lead singer of The Castiles. The Castiles recorded two original songs at a public recording studio in Brick Township and played a variety of venues, including Cafe Wha? in Greenwich Village. Marion Vinyard said that she believed the young Springsteen when he promised he would make it big.[9]
Called for induction when he was 18, Springsteen failed his physical examination and did not serve in Vietnam. In an interview in Rolling Stone magazine in 1984, he said, "When I got on the bus to go take my physical, I thought one thing: I ain't goin'." He had suffered a concussion in a motorcycle accident when he was 17, and this together with his "crazy" behaviour at induction and not taking the tests, was enough to get him a 4F.[10]
In the late 1960s, Springsteen performed briefly in a power trio known as Earth, playing in clubs in New Jersey. Springsteen acquired the nickname "The Boss" during this period as when he played club gigs with a band he took on the task of collecting the band's nightly pay and distributing it amongst his bandmates.[11] Springsteen is not fond of this nickname, due to his dislike of bosses,[12] but seems to have since given it a tacit acceptance. Previously he had the nickname "Doctor".[13] From 1969 through early 1971, Springsteen performed with Steel Mill, which also featured Danny Federici, Vini Lopez, Vinnie Roslin and later Steve Van Zandt and Robbin Thompson. They went on to play the mid-Atlantic college circuit, and also briefly in California. In January 1970 well-known San Francisco Examiner music critic Philip Elwood gave Springsteen credibility in his glowing assessment of Steel Mill: "I have never been so overwhelmed by totally unknown talent." Elwood went on to praise their "cohesive musicality" and, in particular, singled out Springsteen as "a most impressive composer." During this time Springsteen also performed regularly at small clubs in Canton, Massachusetts, Richmond, Virginia, Asbury Park and along the Jersey Shore, quickly gathering a cult following. Other acts followed over the next two years, as Springsteen sought to shape a unique and genuine musical and lyrical style: Dr. Zoom & the Sonic Boom (early–mid 1971), Sundance Blues Band (mid 1971), and The Bruce Springsteen Band (mid 1971–mid 1972). With the addition of pianist David Sancious, the core of what would later become the E Street Band was formed, with occasional temporary additions such as horn sections, "The Zoomettes" (a group of female backing vocalists for "Dr. Zoom") and Southside Johnny Lyon on harmonica. Musical genres explored included blues, R&B, jazz, church music, early rock 'n' roll, and soul. His prolific songwriting ability, with "More words in some individual songs than other artists had in whole albums", as his future record label would describe it in early publicity campaigns, brought his skill to the attention of several people who were about to change his life: new managers Mike Appel and Jim Cretecos, and legendary Columbia Records talent scout John Hammond, who, under Appel's pressure, auditioned Springsteen in May 1972.
Even after Springsteen gained international acclaim, his New Jersey roots showed through in his music, and he often praised "the great state of New Jersey" in his live shows. Drawing on his extensive local appeal, he routinely sold out consecutive nights in major New Jersey, Philadelphia and New York venues. He also made many surprise appearances at The Stone Pony and other shore nightclubs over the years, becoming the foremost exponent of the Jersey Shore sound.
1972–1974: Initial struggle for success[link]
Springsteen signed a record deal with Columbia Records in 1972, with the help of John Hammond, who had signed Bob Dylan to the same label a decade earlier. Springsteen brought many of his New Jersey–based colleagues into the studio with him, thus forming the E Street Band (although it would not be formally named as such for several more years). His debut album, Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J., released in January 1973, established him as a critical favorite,[14] though sales were slow. Because of Springsteen's lyrical poeticism and folk rock–rooted music exemplified on tracks like "Blinded by the Light", (which would later be a hit for Manfred Mann and go to No. 1, making it the only time Springsteen had a No. 1 single as a songwriter), and "For You", as well as the Columbia and Hammond connections, critics initially compared Springsteen to Bob Dylan. "He sings with a freshness and urgency I haven't heard since I was rocked by 'Like a Rolling Stone,'" wrote Crawdaddy magazine editor Peter Knobler in Springsteen's first interview/profile, in March 1973. Crawdaddy discovered Springsteen in the rock press and was his earliest champion.[15] (Springsteen and the E Street Band acknowledged by giving a private performance at the Crawdaddy 10th Anniversary Party in New York City in June 1976.)[16] Music critic Lester Bangs wrote in Creem in 1975 that when Springsteen's first album was released "... many of us dismissed it: he wrote like Bob Dylan and Van Morrison, sang like Van Morrison and Robbie Robertson, and led a band that sounded like Van Morrison's."[17] The track "Spirit in the Night" especially showed Morrison's influence, while "Lost in the Flood" was the first of many portraits of Vietnam veterans and "Growin' Up", his first take on the recurring theme of adolescence.
In September 1973 his second album, The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle, was released, again to critical acclaim but no commercial success. Springsteen's songs became grander in form and scope, with the E Street Band providing a less folky, more R&B vibe and the lyrics often romanticized teenage street life. "4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)" and "Incident on 57th Street" would become fan favorites, and the long, rousing "Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)" continues to rank among Springsteen's most beloved concert numbers.
In the May 22, 1974, issue of Boston's The Real Paper, music critic Jon Landau wrote after seeing a performance at the Harvard Square Theater, "I saw rock and roll's future, and its name is Bruce Springsteen. And on a night when I needed to feel young, he made me feel like I was hearing music for the very first time."[18] Landau subsequently became Springsteen's manager and producer, helping to finish the epic new album, Born to Run. Given an enormous budget in a last-ditch effort at a commercially viable record, Springsteen became bogged down in the recording process while striving for a wall of sound production. But, fed by the release of an early mix of "Born to Run" to progressive rock radio, anticipation built toward the album's release. All in all the album took more than 14 months to record, with six months alone spent on the song "Born To Run". During this time Springsteen battled with anger and frustration over the album, saying he heard "sounds in [his] head" that he could not explain to the others in the studio. It was during these recording sessions that "Miami" Steve Van Zandt would stumble into the studio just in time to help Springsteen organize the horn section on "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out" (it is his only written contribution to the album), and eventually led to his joining the E Street Band.[citation needed] Van Zandt had been a long-time friend of Springsteen, as well as a collaborator on earlier musical projects, and understood where he was coming from, which helped him to translate some of the sounds Springsteen was hearing. Still, by the end of the grueling recording sessions, Springsteen was not satisfied, and, upon first hearing the finished album, threw the record into the alley and told Jon Landau he would rather just cut the album live at The Bottom Line, a place he often played.[19]
1975–1983: Breakthrough[link]
On August 13, 1975, Springsteen and the E Street Band began a five-night, 10-show stand at New York's Bottom Line club. The engagement attracted major media attention, was broadcast live on WNEW-FM, and convinced many skeptics that Springsteen was for real. (Decades later, Rolling Stone magazine would name the stand as one of the 50 Moments That Changed Rock and Roll.[20]) With the release of Born to Run on August 25, 1975, Springsteen finally found success. The album peaked at No. 3 on the Billboard 200, and while there were no hit singles, "Born to Run" (Billboard No. 23), "Thunder Road", "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out" (Billboard No. 83), and "Jungleland" all received massive album-oriented rock airplay and remain perennial favorites on many classic rock stations. The songwriting and recording was more disciplined than before, while still maintaining an epic feel. With its panoramic imagery, thundering production and desperate optimism, Born to Run is considered by some fans to be among the best rock and roll albums of all time and Springsteen's finest work. It established him as a sincere and dynamic rock and roll personality who spoke for and in the voice of a large part of the rock audience. To cap off the triumph, Springsteen appeared on the covers of both Time and Newsweek in the same week, on October 27 of that year. So great did the wave of publicity become that Springsteen eventually rebelled against it during his first venture overseas, tearing down promotional posters before a concert appearance in London.
A legal battle with former manager Mike Appel kept Springsteen out of the studio for nearly a year, during which time he kept the E Street Band together through extensive touring across the U.S. Despite the optimistic fervor with which he often performed, his new songs had taken a more somber tone than much of his previous work. Reaching settlement with Appel in 1977, Springsteen returned to the studio, and the subsequent sessions produced Darkness on the Edge of Town (1978). Musically, this album was a turning point in Springsteen's career. Gone were the raw, rapid-fire lyrics, outsized characters and long, multi-part musical compositions of the first two albums; now the songs were leaner and more carefully drawn and began to reflect Springsteen's growing intellectual and political awareness. The cross-country 1978 tour to promote the album would become legendary for the intensity and length of its shows.[citation needed]
By the late 1970s, Springsteen had earned a reputation in the pop world as a songwriter whose material could provide hits for other bands. Manfred Mann's Earth Band had achieved a U.S. No. 1 pop hit with a heavily rearranged version of Greetings' "Blinded by the Light" in early 1977. Patti Smith reached No. 13 with her take on Springsteen's unreleased "Because the Night" (with revised lyrics by Smith) in 1978, while The Pointer Sisters hit No. 2 in 1979 with Springsteen's also unreleased "Fire".
In September 1979, Springsteen and the E Street Band joined the Musicians United for Safe Energy anti-nuclear power collective at Madison Square Garden for two nights, playing an abbreviated set while premiering two songs from his upcoming album. The subsequent No Nukes live album, as well as the following summer's No Nukes documentary film, represented the first official recordings and footage of Springsteen's fabled live act, as well as Springsteen's first tentative dip into political involvement.
Springsteen continued to consolidate his thematic focus on working-class life with the 20-song double album The River in 1980, which included an intentionally paradoxical range of material from good-time party rockers to emotionally intense ballads, and finally yielded his first hit Top Ten single as a performer, "Hungry Heart". This album marked a shift in Springsteen's music toward a pop-rock sound that was all but missing from any of his earlier work.[citation needed]This is apparent in the stylistic adoption of certain eighties pop-rock hallmarks like the reverberating-tenor drums, very basic percussion/guitar and repetitive lyrics apparent in many of the tracks. The title song pointed to Springsteen's intellectual direction, while a couple of the lesser-known tracks presaged his musical direction. The album sold well, becoming his first topper on the Billboard Pop Albums chart, and a long tour in 1980 and 1981 followed, featuring Springsteen's first extended playing of Europe and ending with a series of multi-night arena stands in major cities in the U.S.
The River was followed in 1982 by the stark solo acoustic Nebraska. Recording sessions had been held to expand on a demo tape Springsteen had made at his home on a simple, low-tech four-track tape deck. However during the recording process Springsteen and producer Landau realized the songs worked better as solo acoustic numbers than full band renditions and the original demo tape was released as the album. Although the recordings of the E Street Band were shelved, other songs from these sessions would later be released, including "Born in the U.S.A." and "Glory Days". According to the Marsh biographies, Springsteen was in a depressed state when he wrote this material, and the result is a brutal depiction of American life. While Nebraska did not sell as well as Springsteen's two previous albums, it garnered widespread critical praise (including being named "Album of the Year" by Rolling Stone magazine's critics) and influenced later significant works by other major artists, including U2's album The Joshua Tree. It helped inspire the musical genre known as lo-fi music, becoming a cult favorite among indie-rockers. Springsteen did not tour in conjunction with Nebraska's release.
1984–1991: Commercial and popular phenomenon[link]
Springsteen probably is best known for his album Born in the U.S.A. (1984), which sold 15 million copies in the U.S. and became one of the best-selling albums of all time, with seven singles hitting the Top 10, and the massively successful world tour that followed it. The title track was a bitter commentary on the treatment of Vietnam veterans, some of whom were Springsteen's friends and bandmates. The lyrics in the verses were entirely unambiguous when listened to, but the anthemic music and the title of the song made it hard for many, from politicians to the common person, to get the lyrics—except those in the chorus, which could be read many ways.[21] The song was widely misinterpreted as jingoistic, and in connection with the 1984 presidential campaign became the subject of considerable folklore. Springsteen also turned down several million dollars offered by the Chrysler Corporation to use the song in a car commercial. (In later years, to eliminate the bombast and make the song's original meaning more explicitly clear, Springsteen performed the song accompanied only by acoustic guitar. An acoustic version also appeared on Tracks, a later album.) "Dancing in the Dark" was the biggest of seven hit singles from Born in the U.S.A., peaking at No. 2 on the Billboard music charts. The music video for the song featured a young Courteney Cox dancing on stage with Springsteen, an appearance which helped kickstart the actress's career. The song "Cover Me" was written by Springsteen for Donna Summer, but his record company persuaded him to keep it for the new album. A big fan of Summer's work, Springsteen wrote another song for her, "Protection". Videos for the album were made by noted film directors Brian De Palma and John Sayles. Springsteen was featured on the "We Are the World" song and album in 1985. His live single "Trapped" from that album received moderate airplay on U.S. Top 40 stations as well as reaching No. 1 on the Billboard Top Rock Tracks chart.[22]
During the Born in the U.S.A. Tour, Springsteen met actress Julianne Phillips, whom he would marry in 1985.
The Born in the U.S.A. period represented the height of Springsteen's visibility in popular culture and the broadest audience demographic he would ever reach (aided by the release of Arthur Baker's dance mixes of three of the singles). Live/1975–85, a five-record box set (also on three cassettes or three CDs), was released near the end of 1986 and became the first box set to debut at No. 1 on the U.S. album charts. It is one of the most commercially successful live albums of all time, ultimately selling 13 million units in the U.S. Live/1975–85 summed up Springsteen's career to that point and displayed some of the elements that made his shows so powerful to his fans: the switching from mournful dirges to party rockers and back; the communal sense of purpose between artist and audience; the long, intense spoken passages before songs, including those describing Springsteen's difficult relationship with his father; and the instrumental prowess of the E Street Band, such as in the long coda to "Racing in the Street". Despite its popularity, some fans and critics felt the album's song selection could have been better. Springsteen concerts are the subjects of frequent bootleg recording and trading among fans.
During the 1980s, several Springsteen fanzines were launched, including Backstreets magazine, which started in Seattle and continues today as a glossy publication, now in communication with Springsteen's management and official website.
After this commercial peak, Springsteen released the much more sedate and contemplative Tunnel of Love album (1987), a mature reflection on the many faces of love found, lost and squandered, which only selectively used the E Street Band. It presaged the breakup of his marriage to Julianne Phillips and described some of his unhappinesses in the relationship. Reflecting the challenges of love in "Brilliant Disguise", Springsteen sang:
| “ | I heard somebody call your name, from underneath our willow. I saw something tucked in shame, underneath your pillow. Well I've tried so hard baby, but I just can't see. What a woman like you is doing with me. | ” |
The subsequent Tunnel of Love Express tour shook up fans with changes to the stage layout, favorites dropped from the set list, and horn-based arrangements. During the European leg in 1988, Springsteen's relationship with backup singer Patti Scialfa became public and Phillips and Springsteen filed for divorce in 1988.[23] Later in 1988, Springsteen headlined the worldwide Human Rights Now! tour for Amnesty International. In late 1989 he dissolved the E Street Band, and he and Scialfa relocated to California, marrying in 1991.
1992–2001: Artistic and commercial ups and downs[link]
In 1992, after risking fan accusations of "going Hollywood" by moving to Los Angeles (a radical move for someone so linked to the blue-collar life of the Jersey Shore) and working with session musicians, Springsteen released two albums at once. Human Touch and Lucky Town were even more introspective than any of his previous work and displayed a newly revealed confidence. As opposed to his first two albums, which dreamed of happiness, and his next four, which showed him growing to fear it, at points during the Lucky Town album, Springsteen actually claims happiness for himself.
An electric band appearance on the acoustic MTV Unplugged television program (later released as In Concert/MTV Plugged) was poorly received and further cemented fan dissatisfaction. Springsteen seemed to realize this a few years hence when he spoke humorously of his late father during his Rock and Roll Hall of Fame acceptance speech:
| “ | I've gotta thank him because – what would I conceivably have written about without him? I mean, you can imagine that if everything had gone great between us, we would have had disaster. I would have written just happy songs – and I tried it in the early '90s and it didn't work; the public didn't like it.[24] | ” |
A multiple Grammy Award winner, Springsteen also won an Academy Award in 1994 for his song "Streets of Philadelphia", which appeared the soundtrack to the film Philadelphia. The song, along with the film, was applauded by many for its sympathetic portrayal of a gay man dying of AIDS.[citation needed] The music video for the song shows Springsteen's actual vocal performance, recorded using a hidden microphone, to a prerecorded instrumental track.[citation needed] This technique was developed on the "Brilliant Disguise" video.
In 1995, after temporarily re-organizing the E Street Band for a few new songs recorded for his first Greatest Hits album (a recording session that was chronicled in the documentary Blood Brothers), he released his second (mostly) solo guitar album, The Ghost of Tom Joad, inspired by John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath and by Journey to Nowhere: The Saga of the New Underclass, a book by Pulitzer Prize-winners author Dale Maharidge and photographer Michael Williamson. This was generally less well-received than the similar Nebraska, due to the minimal melody, twangy vocals, and political nature of most of the songs, although some praised it for giving voice to immigrants and others who rarely have one in American culture. The lengthy, worldwide, small-venue solo acoustic Ghost of Tom Joad Tour that followed successfully featured many of his older songs in drastically reshaped acoustic form, although Springsteen had to explicitly remind his audiences to be quiet and not to clap during the performances.
Following the tour, Springsteen moved back to New Jersey with his family.[25] In 1998, Springsteen released the sprawling, four-disc box set of out-takes, Tracks. Subsequently, Springsteen would acknowledge that the 1990s were a "lost period" for him: "I didn't do a lot of work. Some people would say I didn't do my best work."[26]
Springsteen was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999 by Bono of U2, a favor he returned in 2005.
In 1999, Springsteen and the E Street Band officially came together again and went on the extensive Reunion Tour, lasting over a year. Highlights included a record sold-out, 15-show run at Continental Airlines Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey and a ten-night, sold-out engagement at New York City's Madison Square Garden which ended the tour. The final two shows were recorded for an HBO Concert, with corresponding DVD and album releases as Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band: Live in New York City. A new song, "American Skin (41 Shots)", about the police shooting of Amadou Diallo which was played at these shows proved controversial.
In November 2000, Springsteen filed legal action against Jeff Burgar which accused him of registering the domain brucespringsteen.com (along with several other celebrity domains) in bad faith to funnel web users to his Celebrity 1000 portal site. Once the legal complaint was filed, Burgar pointed the domain to a Springsteen biography and message board. In February 2001, Springsteen lost his dispute with Burgar. A WIPO panel ruled 2 to 1 in favor of Burgar.[27][28]
On Labor Day 2001 Springsteen played at Donovan's Reef in Sea Bright, NJ, surprising a local cover band named Brian Kirk and the Jerks and performed "Rosalita" with them showing his support and love.
2002–2007: Return to success[link]
File:RisingTourGiantsStadiumLot.jpg
The scene outside the Giants Stadium parking lot for banner-marked, record-setting, 10-night stand of The Rising Tour during July 2003.
In 2002, Springsteen released his first studio effort with the full band in 18 years, The Rising, produced by Brendan O'Brien. The album, mostly a reflection on the September 11 attacks, was a critical and popular success. (Many of the songs were influenced by phone conversations Springsteen had with family members of victims of the attacks who in their obituaries had mentioned how his music touched their lives.) The title track gained airplay in several radio formats, and the record became Springsteen's best-selling album of new material in 15 years. Kicked off by an early-morning Asbury Park appearance on The Today Show, The Rising Tour commenced, barnstorming through a series of single-night arena stands in the U.S. and Europe to promote the album in 2002, then returning for large-scale, multiple-night stadium shows in 2003. While Springsteen had maintained a loyal hardcore fan base everywhere (and particularly in Europe), his general popularity had dipped over the years in some southern and midwestern regions of the U.S. But it was still strong in Europe and along the U.S. coasts, and he played an unprecedented 10 nights in Giants Stadium in New Jersey, a ticket-selling feat to which no other musical act has come close.[29] During these shows Springsteen thanked those fans who were attending multiple shows and those who were coming from long distances or another country; the advent of robust Bruce-oriented online communities had made such practices more common. The Rising Tour came to a final conclusion with three nights in Shea Stadium, highlighted by renewed controversy over "American Skin" and a guest appearance by Bob Dylan.
During the early 2000s, Springsteen became a visible advocate for the revitalization of Asbury Park, and played an annual series of winter holiday concerts there to benefit various local businesses, organizations, and causes. These shows were explicitly intended for the devoted fans, featuring numbers such as the E Street Shuffle outtake "Thundercrack", a rollicking group-participation song that would mystify casual Springsteen fans. He also frequently rehearses for tours in Asbury Park; some of his most devoted followers even go so far as to stand outside the building to hear what fragments they can of the upcoming shows. The song "My City of Ruins" was originally written about Asbury Park, in honor of the attempts to revitalize the city. Looking for an appropriate song for a post-Sept. 11 benefit concert honoring New York City, he selected "My City of Ruins", which was immediately recognized as an emotional highlight of the concert, with its gospel themes and its heartfelt exhortations to "Rise up!" The song became associated with post-9/11 New York, and he chose it to close The Rising album and as an encore on the subsequent tour.
At the Grammy Awards of 2003, Springsteen performed The Clash's "London Calling" along with Elvis Costello, Dave Grohl, and E Street Band member Steven Van Zandt and No Doubt's bassist, Tony Kanal, in tribute to Joe Strummer; Springsteen and the Clash had once been considered multiple-album-dueling rivals at the time of the double The River and the triple Sandinista!. In 2004, Springsteen and the E Street Band participated in the "Vote for Change" tour, along with John Mellencamp, John Fogerty, the Dixie Chicks, Pearl Jam, R.E.M., Bright Eyes, the Dave Matthews Band, Jackson Browne, and other musicians. All concerts were to be held in swing states, to benefit the liberalism political organization group America Coming Together and to encourage people to register and vote. A finale was held in Washington, D.C., bringing many of the artists together. Several days later, Springsteen held one more such concert in New Jersey, when polls showed that state surprisingly close. While in past years Springsteen had played benefits for causes in which he believed – against nuclear energy, for Vietnam veterans, Amnesty International, and the Christic Institute – he had always refrained from explicitly endorsing candidates for political office (indeed he had rejected the efforts of Walter Mondale to attract an endorsement during the 1984 Reagan "Born in the U.S.A." flap). This new stance led to criticism and praise from the expected partisan sources. Springsteen's "No Surrender" became the main campaign theme song for John Kerry's unsuccessful presidential campaign; in the last days of the campaign, he performed acoustic versions of the song and some of his other old songs at Kerry rallies.
Devils & Dust was released on April 26, 2005, and was recorded without the E Street Band. It is a low-key, mostly acoustic album, in the same vein as Nebraska and The Ghost of Tom Joad although with a little more instrumentation. Some of the material was written almost 10 years earlier during, or shortly after, the Ghost of Tom Joad Tour, a couple of them being performed then but never released.[30] The title track concerns an ordinary soldier's feelings and fears during the Iraq War. Starbucks rejected a co-branding deal for the album, due in part to some sexually explicit content but also because of Springsteen's anti-corporate politics. The album entered the album charts at No. 1 in 10 countries (United States, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Ireland). Springsteen began the solo Devils & Dust Tour at the same time as the album's release, playing both small and large venues. Attendance was disappointing in a few regions, and everywhere (other than in Europe) tickets were easier to get than in the past. Unlike his mid-1990s solo tour, he performed on piano, electric piano, pump organ, autoharp, ukulele, banjo, electric guitar, and stomping board, as well as acoustic guitar and harmonica, adding variety to the solo sound. (Offstage synthesizer, guitar, and percussion were also used for some songs.) Unearthly renditions of "Reason to Believe", "The Promised Land", and Suicide's "Dream Baby Dream" jolted audiences to attention, while rarities, frequent set list changes, and a willingness to keep trying even through audible piano mistakes kept most of his loyal audiences happy.
In November 2005, Sirius Satellite Radio started a 24-hour, seven-day-a-week radio station on Channel 10 called E Street Radio. This channel featured commercial-free Bruce Springsteen music, including rare tracks, interviews, and daily concerts of Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band recorded throughout their career.
In April 2006, Springsteen released We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions, an American roots music project focused around a big folk sound treatment of 15 songs popularized by the radical musical activism of Pete Seeger. It was recorded with a large ensemble of musicians including only Patti Scialfa, Soozie Tyrell, and The Miami Horns from past efforts. In contrast to previous albums, this was recorded in only three one-day sessions, and frequently one can hear Springsteen calling out key changes live as the band explores its way through the tracks. The Bruce Springsteen with The Seeger Sessions Band Tour began the same month, featuring the 18-strong ensemble of musicians dubbed The Seeger Sessions Band (and later shortened to The Sessions Band). Seeger Sessions material was heavily featured, as well as a handful of (usually drastically rearranged) Springsteen numbers. The tour proved very popular in Europe, selling out everywhere and receiving some excellent reviews,[31] but newspapers reported that a number of U.S. shows suffered from sparse attendance.[32][33][34] By the end of 2006, the Seeger Sessions tour toured Europe twice and toured America for only a short span. Bruce Springsteen with The Sessions Band: Live in Dublin, containing selections from three nights of November 2006 shows at The Point Theatre in Dublin, Ireland, was released the following June.
Springsteen's next album, titled Magic, was released on October 2, 2007. Recorded with the E Street Band, it featured 10 new Springsteen songs plus "Long Walk Home", performed once with the Sessions band, and a hidden track (the first included on a Springsteen studio release), "Terry's Song", a tribute to Springsteen's long-time assistant Terry Magovern, who died on July 30, 2007.[35] The first single, "Radio Nowhere", was made available for a free download on August 28. On October 7, Magic debuted at No. 1 in Ireland and the UK. Greatest Hits reentered the Irish charts at No. 57, and Live in Dublin almost cracked the top 20 in Norway again. Sirius Satellite Radio also restarted E Street Radio on Channel 10 on September 27, 2007, in anticipation of Magic.[36] Radio conglomerate Clear Channel Communications was alleged to have sent an edict to its classic rock stations to not play any songs from the new album, while continuing to play older Springsteen material. However, Clear Channel Adult Alternative (or "AAA") station KBCO did play tracks from the album, undermining the allegations of a corporate blackout.[37] The Springsteen and E Street Band Magic Tour began at the Hartford Civic Center with the album's release and continued through North America and Europe. Springsteen and the band performed live[38] on NBC's Today Show in advance of the opener. Longtime E Street Band organist Danny Federici left the tour in November 2007 to pursue treatment for melanoma[39] from which he would die in 2008.[40]
2008–present: Recent activities[link]
Springsteen at a rally for the presidential candidate Barack Obama
Cleveland, Ohio on November 2, 2008
Springsteen supported Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign, announcing his endorsement in April 2008[41] and going on to appear at several Obama rallies as well as performing several solo acoustic performances in support of Obama's campaign throughout 2008,[42] culminating with a November 2 rally where he debuted "Working On A Dream" in a duet with Scialfa.[43] At an Ohio rally, Springsteen discussed the importance of "truth, transparency and integrity in government, the right of every American to have a job, a living wage, to be educated in a decent school, and a life filled with the dignity of work, the promise and the sanctity of home...But today those freedoms have been damaged and curtailed by eight years of a thoughtless, reckless and morally-adrift administration."[44]
Following Obama's electoral victory on November 4, Springsteen's song "The Rising" was the first song played over the loudspeakers after Obama's victory speech in Chicago's Grant Park. Springsteen was the musical opener for the Obama Inaugural Celebration on January 18, 2009 which was attended by over 400,000.[45] He performed "The Rising" with an all-female choir. Later he performed Woody Guthrie's "This Land Is Your Land" with Pete Seeger.
On June 18, 2008, Springsteen appeared live from Europe at the Tim Russert tribute at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C., to play one of Russert's favorite songs, "Thunder Road". Springsteen dedicated the song to Russert, who was "one of Springsteen's biggest fans."[citation needed]
On January 11, 2009, Springsteen won the Golden Globe Award for Best Song for "The Wrestler", from the Mickey Rourke film by the same name.[46] After receiving a heartfelt letter from Mickey Rourke, Springsteen supplied the song for the film for free.[47]
Springsteen performed at the halftime show at Super Bowl XLIII on February 1, 2009,[48] agreeing to do it after many previous offers.[49] A few days before the game, Springsteen gave a rare press conference, where he promised a "twelve-minute party."[50][51] His 12:45 set, with the E Street Band and the Miami Horns, included abbreviated renditions of "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out"", "Born to Run", "Working on a Dream", and "Glory Days", the latter complete with football references. The set of appearances and promotional activities led Springsteen to say, "This has probably been the busiest month of my life."[52]
Springsteen's Working on a Dream album was released in late January 2009[53] and the supporting Working on a Dream Tour ran from April 2009 until November 2009. The tour featured few songs from the new album, with instead set lists dominated by classics and selections reflecting the ongoing late-2000s recession.[54] The tour also featured Springsteen playing songs requested by audience members holding up signs as on the final stages of the Magic Tour.[54] Drummer Max Weinberg was replaced for some shows by his 18-year-old son Jay Weinberg, so that the former could serve his role as bandleader on The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien.[54] During this tour, Springsteen and the band made their first real foray in the world of music festivals, headlining nights at the Pinkpop Festival in the Netherlands, Festival des Vieilles Charrues in France, the Bonnaroo Music Festival in the United States and the Glastonbury Festival in the UK[55] and Hard Rock Calling in the UK.[56] Several shows on the tour featured full album presentations of Born to Run, Darkness on the Edge of Town, or Born in the U.S.A.[57] The band performed a stretch of five final shows at his homestate Giants Stadium, opening with a new song highlighting the historic stadium, and his Jersey roots, named "Wrecking Ball".[58] The tour ended as scheduled in Buffalo, NY in November 2009 amid speculation that it was the last performance ever by the E Street Band, but during the show Springsteen said it was goodbye “for a little while.”[59] A DVD from the Working on a Dream Tour entitled London Calling: Live in Hyde Park was released in 2010.
In addition to his own touring, Springsteen made a number of appearances at tribute and benefit concerts during 2009, including The Clearwater Concert, a celebration of Pete Seeger's 90th birthday, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 25th anniversary benefit concert,[60] a benefit for the advocacy group Autism Speaks at Carnegie Hall.[61] On January 22, 2010, he joined many well-known artists to perform on Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief,[62] organized by George Clooney to raise money to help the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.
File:American Land ESB Fireworks Giants 100309.jpg
Fireworks go off at the conclusion of the "E! Street! Band!" exhortation during the final shows at Giants Stadium.
In 2009, Springsteen performed in The People Speak, a documentary feature film that uses dramatic and musical performances of the letters, diaries, and speeches of everyday Americans, based on historian Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States.[63]
Springsteen was among the recipients of the Kennedy Center Honors, an annual award to figures from the world of arts for their contribution to American culture, in December 2009.[64] President Obama gave a speech in which he talked about how Springsteen has incorporated the life of regular Americans in his expansive pallette of songs and how his concerts are beyond the typical rock-and-roll concerts, how, apart from being high-energy concerts, they are "communions". He ended the remark "while I am the president, he is The Boss". Tributes were paid by several well-known celebrities including Jon Stewart (who described Springsteen's "unprecedented combination of lyrical eloquence, musical mastery and sheer unbridled, unadulterated joy"). A musical tribute featured John Mellencamp, Ben Harper, and Jennifer Nettles, Melissa Etheridge, Eddie Vedder, and Sting.
The 2000s ended with Springsteen being named one of eight Artists of the Decade by Rolling Stone magazine[65] and with Springsteen's tours ranking him fourth among artists in total concert grosses for the decade.[66]
In September 2010, a documentary about the making of his 1978 album Darkness on The Edge of Town was premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival. The film, The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town, was included in a box set reissue of the album, entitled The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story, released in November 2010. Also airing on HBO, the documentary explored Springsteen's making of the acclaimed album, and his role in the production and development of the tracks.
Springsteen has finished his next studio album with Ron Aniello,[67] who also co-produced the 2007 album Play It As It Lays, by Springsteen's wife, Patti Scialfa. Ron Aniello also produced "Children's Song" early in 2011, a duet with Springsteen and Scialfa, which was done for a charity project.
Clarence Clemons, the E Street Band's saxophonist since 1972, died on June 18, 2011, of complications from a stroke. “Clarence lived a wonderful life,” Springsteen said in a statement. “He carried within him a love of people that made them love him. He created a wondrous and extended family. He loved the saxophone, loved our fans and gave everything he had every night he stepped on stage.”[68]
Springsteen's 17th studio album, Wrecking Ball, was released on March 6, 2012. On January 13, 2012, Hollywood Reporter released an article describing the sound of the new album. According to the article, the album is Springsteen at his angriest yet and addresses economic justice quite a bit. The article describes the album musically as being very rock-and-roll with unexpected textures, loops, electronic percussion and a variety of influences.[69] The album consists of eleven tracks plus two bonus tracks. Three songs previously only available as live versions, "Wrecking Ball", "Land of Hope and Dreams," and "American Land," appear on the album.[70] The album's first single, "We Take Care of Our Own", was released on January 19, 2012.
On January 24, 2012, Springsteen's official web site announced that the E Street Band will commence a world tour called the Wrecking Ball Tour on March 18, 2012, in Atlanta. The tour will run through at least July 31, 2012, and will consist of at least two legs featuring 51 dates, although the headline "First US Leg of 2012 World Tour" may imply that the tour will continue into autumn 2012 or beyond.[71] As tickets for the first U.S. dates went on sale, many fans were unable to obtain tickets, much like for the 2009 Working on a Dream Tour, allegedly due to a heavy volume of ticket scalpers. Shows sold out within minutes and many tickets appeared, at much higher prices, on resale websites such as StubHub less than an hour after the onsale time. Ticketmaster said web traffic was 2.5 times the highest level of the past year during the online sales and suggested that scalpers played a big role. U.S. Representative Bill Pascrell has called for stronger government oversight of online box offices. Pascrell introduced the BOSS ACT in 2009 to increase transparency in the ticket industry. Pascrell said he would reintroduce the bill to Congress.[72][73]
"Rocky Ground" has been announced as the second single from Wrecking Ball and will be released exclusively as part of Record Store Day on April 21, 2012.
Wrecking Ball became Springsteen's tenth No. 1 album in the United States tying him with Elvis Presley for third most No. 1 albums of all-time. Only The Beatles (19) and Jay-Z (12) have more No. 1 albums. Wrecking Ball knocked out Adele's Grammy winning album, 21 after 23 nonconsecutive weeks at #1.[74]
On March 15, 2012, Springsteen was the keynote speaker at the annual SXSW Conference in Austin, Texas.
Musical style[link]
Bruce Springsteen draws on many musical influences from the reservoir of traditional American popular music, folk, blues and country. From the beginning, rock and roll has been the dominant influence. On his debut album, Greetings from Asbury Park, New Jersey, the folk-influence is clear. An example of the influence of this music genre to Springsteen's music is his song "This Hard Land" which demonstrates a clear influence of the style of Woody Guthrie.[citation needed]
He expanded the range of his musical compositions on his second album, The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle.[citation needed] Elements of Latin American music, jazz, soul, and funk influences can be heard; the song "New York City Serenade" is even reminiscent of the music of George Gershwin. These two records prominently featured pianist David Sancious, who left the band shortly into the recording of Springsteen's third album, Born To Run. This album, however, also emphasized the piano, the responsibility now of Roy Bittan.
Earlier in his career, Springsteen has focused more on the rock elements of his music. He initially compressed the sound and developed Darkness On The Edge Of Town just as straightforward as concise musical idiom, for the simple riffs, hard rock guitar solos and clearly recognizable song structures are dominant. He also drew upon a few influences from punk rock on the album, as can be heard on the heavy rhythm following the bridge solo on 'Candy's Room'.[citation needed] His music has been categorized as heartland rock, a style typified by Springsteen, John Fogerty, Tom Petty, Bob Seger, and John Mellencamp. This music has a lyrical reference to the U.S. everyday and the music is kept rather simple and straightforward. This development culminated with Springsteen's hit album Born in the U.S.A., the title song of which has a constantly repeating, fanfare-like keyboard riff and a pounding drum beat. These sounds fit with Springsteen's voice: it cries to the listener the unsentimental story of a disenchanted angry figure. Even songs that can be argued to be album tracks proved to be singles that enjoyed some chart success, such as "My Hometown" and "I'm on Fire", in which the drum line is formed from subtle hi-hat and rim-clicks-shock (shock at the edge of the snare drum) accompanied by synthesizer and Springsteen's soft guitar line. The album, along with some previous records such as "Cadillac Ranch" showed clear rockabilly influences as is evident from his guitar solos, in-fills and vocal styles on these. Another clear influence of early rock n roll on Springsteen's music is evident on the song "Light of Day".
In recent years, Springsteen has changed his music further.[citation needed] There are more folk elements up to the gospel to be heard. His last solo album, Devils and Dust, drew rave reviews not only for Springsteen's complex songwriting, but also for his expressive and sensitive singing.
On the album We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions Springsteen performs folk classics with a folk band, rather than his usual E Street Band. On his ensuing tour he also interpreted some of his own rock songs in a folk style.[citation needed]
The 2007 album Magic was a reflection on the old stadium rock attitude and with its lush arrangements was almost designed to be performed at large stadiums, which also succeeded on the corresponding tour.[citation needed]
Lyrical themes[link]
| "I spent most of my life as a musician measuring the distance between the American dream and American reality" |
| —Bruce Springsteen[75][C] |
Often described as cinematographic in their scope, Springsteen's lyrics frequently explore highly personal themes such as individual commitment, dissatisfaction and dismay with life in a context of every day situations.[76]
It has been recognized that there was a shift in his lyrical approach starting with the album Darkness on the Edge of Town, in which he focused on the emotional struggles of working class life.[77][78]
Politics and activism[link]
Springsteen's music has often contained political themes reflecting his responses to the events occurring around him. A number of these songs contributed to Springsteen’s stardom; many songs cannot be explained without including Springsteen’s political views. The following are a chronological order of the political and activist causes Springsteen has publicly campaigned for:
September 19–23, 1979: Springsteen and the E Street Band joined the Musicians United for Safe Energy anti-nuclear power collective at Madison Square Garden.
August 20, 1981: A Night For The Vietnam Veterans for the Vietnam Veterans’ Association as an appeal to help “heal the physical and psychological wounds inflicted on the soldiers who fought the nation’s most unpopular war”.[79][80]
1984: Turned down several million dollars offered by the Chrysler Corporation to use the song "Born in the U.S.A." in a car commercial.
1985: Featured on the "We Are the World" song and album
1988: Headlined the worldwide Human Rights Now! tour for Amnesty International.
2004: "No Surrender" became the main campaign theme song for John Kerry's unsuccessful presidential campaign; in the last days of the campaign, he performed acoustic versions of the song and some of his other old songs at Kerry rallies.
April 2008: Springsteen announced his endorsement supporting Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign.[81] Throughout the year, he showed his support by attending several rallies and performing in support of Obama’s campaign.
2009: Springsteen contributed to the soundtrack of The People Speak by playing guitar and harmonica.
January 2009: Springsteen was the musical opener for the Obama Inaugural Celebration.
May 3, 2009: Springsteen made an appearance at The Clearwater Concert.
October 29 & 30, 2009: Springsteen made an appearance at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 25th anniversary benefit concert.[82]
January 22, 2010: Springsteen made an appearance at Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief.[83]
Springsteen has additionally been associated with various local food banks, particularly with the New Jersey Food bank for many years. During concerts, he usually breaks the routine to announce his support and later matches the total collection during the concert with his own money. During his Charlotte, North Carolina concert on November 3, 2009, he started with a $10,000 donation for the local food bank to start the collections process – which he again matched later.
He has made substantial financial contributions to various workers' unions both in America and in Europe.
Springsteen is a strong supporter of gay rights, particularly marriage equality. In 2009, he urged lawmakers to legalize gay marriage, later posting on his website "I've long believed in and have always spoken out for the rights of same-sex couples".[84]
Personal life[link]
Springsteen and Julianne Phillips (born May 6, 1960) were married from May 13, 1985 to May 1988, when they separated.[85] The two were opposites in background and his traveling took its toll on their relationship. The final blow came when Springsteen began an affair with Patti Scialfa (born July 29, 1953), whom he had dated briefly in 1984 shortly after she joined the band. Phillips and Springsteen separated in the spring of 1988 without making an announcement to the press, and on August 30, 1988, Julianne filed for divorce. The Springsteen/Phillips divorce was finalized on March 1, 1989.
After the separation in 1988, Springsteen began living with Scialfa. Springsteen received press criticism for the hastiness in which he and Scialfa took up their relationship. In a 1995 interview with The Advocate, Springsteen spoke about the negative publicity the couple subsequently received. "It's a strange society that assumes it has the right to tell people whom they should love and whom they shouldn't. But the truth is, I basically ignored the entire thing as much as I could. I said, 'Well, all I know is, this feels real, and maybe I have got a mess going here in some fashion, but that's life.'" He also noted that, "I went through a divorce, and it was really difficult and painful and I was very frightened about getting married again. So part of me said, 'Hey, what does it matter?' But it does matter. It's very different than just living together. First of all, stepping up publicly- which is what you do: You get your license, you do all the social rituals- is a part of your place in society and in some way part of society's acceptance of you...Patti and I both found that it did mean something."[86]
On July 25, 1990 Scialfa gave birth to the couple's first child, Evan James Springsteen. On June 8, 1991 Springsteen and Scialfa married at their Beverly Hills home. Their second child, Jessica Rae Springsteen, was born on December 30, 1991; and their third child, Samuel Ryan Springsteen, was born on January 5, 1994.[87] The family owns and lives on a horse farm in Colts Neck, New Jersey. They also own homes in Wellington, Florida, a wealthy horse community near West Palm Beach, Los Angeles and Rumson, New Jersey. Their eldest son, Evan, attends Boston College. Their daughter Jessica is a nationally ranked champion equestrian,[88] and attends Duke University.
Since 1991, Springsteen has led a relatively quiet life for a well-known popular performer and artist.[89] He moved from Los Angeles to New Jersey in the early 1990s specifically to raise a family in a non-paparazzi environment.[89] It has been reported that the press conference regarding the 2009 Super Bowl XLIII half-time show was his first press conference for more than 25 years.[90] However, he has appeared in a few radio interviews, most notably on NPR and BBC.[citation needed] 60 Minutes aired his last extensive interview on TV[91] before his tour to support his album, Magic.
Bands[link]
Bruce Springsteen has been a member of, or has been backed by, several bands during his career, most notably The E Street Band.
His earliest known band is The Castiles.
Prior to signing his first record deal in 1972, Springsteen was a member of several bands including Steel Mill. In October 1972 he formed a new band for the recording of his debut album Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J., which became known as The E Street Band, although the name was not officially introduced until September 1974.[92][93] The E Street Band performed on all of Springsteen's recorded works from his debut until 1982's Nebraska, a solo album on which Springsteen himself played all the instruments.[citation needed] The full band returned for the next album Born in the USA, but there then followed a period from 1988 to 1999 in which albums were recorded with session musicians. The E Street Band were briefly reunited in 1995 for new contributions to the Greatest Hits compilation, and on a more permanent basis from 1999, since which time they have recorded 3 albums together (The Rising, Magic and Working on a Dream) and performed a number of high profile tours.
The 2005 album Devils & Dust was largely a solo recording, with some contribution from session musicians and the 2006 folk rock We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions album was recorded and toured with another band, known as The Sessions Band. In the summer of 2012, Raymond Bernero will join Bruce on the stage at Wrigely Field in Chicago.
Earlier Bands:[94] The Castiles, Earth, Child, Steel Mill, Sundance Blues Band, Dr Zoom and the Sonic Boom, Bruce Springsteen Band.
E Street Band[link]
Main article: E Street Band
Current members:
- Bruce Springsteen – lead vocals, lead and rhythm guitar, harmonica, piano
- Patti Scialfa – backing and duet vocals, acoustic guitar, percussion
- Garry Tallent – bass guitar, tuba
- Roy Bittan – piano, keyboards
- Max Weinberg – drums, percussion
- Steven Van Zandt – lead and rhythm guitar,[95][96] backing vocals, mandolin
- Nils Lofgren – lead and rhythm guitar, pedal steel guitar, backing vocals
With:
- Soozie Tyrell – violin, acoustic guitar, percussion, backing vocals [A]
- Charles Giordano – organ, accordion, glockenspiel[B]
Former members:
- 1973–2011 Clarence Clemons (deceased) – tenor, baritone and soprano saxophones, backing vocals, percussion
- 1973–2008 Danny Federici (deceased) – organ, accordion, backing vocals
Film[link]
Music used in films[link]
Springsteen's music has been used in many films and he has also written and performed several works specifically for films, examples include Philadelphia, Dead Man Walking, Jerry Maguire, and The Wrestler.
| Film | Year of film release | Song(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dead End Street | 1982 | "Point Blank", "Hungry Heart" and "Jungleland" | First use of Springsteen's music in film |
| Risky Business | 1983 | Hungry Heart | |
| Baby, It's You | 1983 | "It's Hard To Be A Saint In The City", "The E Street Shuffle", "She's The One" and "Adam Raised A Cain" | Film directed by John Sayles who later directed music videos for songs from Born in the U.S.A. and Tunnel of Love. |
| Ruthless People | 1986 | "Stand on It" (Tracks version) | |
| Light of Day | 1987 | "(Just Around the Corner to the) Light of Day" | Song written for the film. |
| In Country | 1989 | "I'm On Fire" | Film also contained many Springsteen references. |
| Thunderheart | 1992 | "Badlands" (instrumental version) | |
| Honeymoon in Vegas | 1992 | "Viva Las Vegas" | A 1964 song originally recorded by Elvis Presley. |
| Philadelphia | 1993 | "Streets of Philadelphia" | Song written for film. Won an Oscar.[97] |
| Dead Man Walking | 1995 | "Dead Man Walkin'" | Song written for film. Nominated for an Oscar.[98] |
| The Crossing Guard | 1995 | "Missing" | Song was later released in 2003 on The Essential Bruce Springsteen. |
| Jerry Maguire | 1996 | "Secret Garden" | |
| Cop Land | 1997 | "Drive All Night" and "Stolen Car" | Sylvester Stallone's character plays the songs on his turntable. |
| Fierce Creatures | 1997 | "Hungry Heart" | |
| The Wedding Singer | 1998 | "Hungry Heart" | |
| A Night at the Roxbury | 1998 | "Secret Garden" | |
| Big Daddy | 1999 | "Growin' Up" | Played over a montage near the end of the film. |
| Limbo | 1999 | "Lift Me Up" | Another John Sayles film. |
| High Fidelity | 2000 | "The River" and Blues Guitar Riff | Blues riff played by Springsteen, on-screen during his cameo appearance. "Nebraska" played from vinyl on turntable. |
| The Perfect Storm | 2000 | "Hungry Heart" | |
| 25th Hour | 2002 | "The Fuse" | |
| Grand Theft Parsons | 2003 | "Blood Brothers" | |
| Jersey Girl | 2004 | "Jersey Girl" | Cover of the Tom Waits version |
| Reign Over Me | 2007 | "Drive All Night" and "Out In The Street" | The album The River was also well mentioned in the movie. |
| In the Land of Women | 2007 | "Iceman" | [99] |
| The Heartbreak Kid | 2007 | "Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)" | |
| Lucky You | 2007 | "Lucky Town" | |
| The Wrestler | 2008 | "The Wrestler" | Written for the film. The song was awarded a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and nominated for the MTV Movie Award as "Best Song From a Movie". |
| Food, Inc. | 2009 | "This Land Is Your Land" | Live version, Bruce Springsteen's performance of the Woody Guthrie song. |
| The Hunter | 2011 | "I'm On Fire" | Willem Dafoe's character sets up a stereo in a tree and uses the song to wake someone sleeping inside the house. |
Films inspired by music[link]
In turn, films have been inspired by his music, including The Indian Runner, written and directed by Sean Penn, which Penn has specifically noted as being inspired by Springsteen's song "Highway Patrolman".[100]
In September 2010, a documentary about the making of his 1978 album Darkness on The Edge of Town was premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival.[101]
Kevin Smith is an admitted "big fan" of fellow New Jersey native Springsteen and named his film Jersey Girl after the Tom Waits song which Springsteen made famous. The song was also used on the soundtrack.
Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant have cited Springsteen's "Thunder Road" as having been a heavy influence on their 2010 film Cemetery Junction, employing the song's themes of escape and optimism into their story of 1970s England.
In 2011, Springsteen appears in an independent film made by a local musician Chris Vaughn from New Jersey entitled Jerseyboy Hero where the songwriter/filmmaker documents his journey to get his music out to the world by attempting to reach one of his two local New Jersey legends, Bruce Springsteen or Jon Bon Jovi.[102][103]
Acting[link]
Springsteen made his first on-screen appearance in a brief cameo as himself in High Fidelity in 2000 and it was voted "Best Cameo in a Movie" at the MTV Movie Awards.[104][105]
Discography[link]
Main article: Bruce Springsteen discography
Major studio albums (along with their chart positions in the U.S. Billboard 200 at the time of release):
- 1973: Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. (No. 60)
- 1973: The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle (No. 59)
- 1975: Born to Run (No. 3)
- 1978: Darkness on the Edge of Town (No. 5)
- 1980: The River (No. 1)
- 1982: Nebraska (No. 3)
- 1984: Born in the U.S.A. (No. 1)
- 1987: Tunnel of Love (No. 1)
- 1992: Human Touch (No. 2)
- 1992: Lucky Town (No. 3)
- 1995: The Ghost of Tom Joad (No. 11)
- 2002: The Rising (No. 1)
- 2005: Devils & Dust (No. 1)
- 2006: We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions (No. 3)
- 2007: Magic (No. 1)
- 2009: Working on a Dream (No. 1)
- 2012: Wrecking Ball (No. 1)
Awards and recognition[link]
Grammy Awards[link]
- Springsteen has won 21 Grammy Awards, as follows (years shown are the year the award was given for, not the year in which the ceremony was held):
- Best Rock Vocal Performance, Male, 1984, "Dancing in the Dark"
- Best Rock Vocal Performance, Male, 1987, "Tunnel of Love"
- Song of the Year, 1994, "Streets of Philadelphia"
- Best Rock Song, 1994, "Streets of Philadelphia"
- Best Rock Vocal Performance, Solo, 1994, "Streets of Philadelphia"
- Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television, 1994, "Streets of Philadelphia"
- Best Contemporary Folk Album, 1996, The Ghost of Tom Joad
- Best Rock Album, 2002, The Rising
- Best Rock Song, 2002, "The Rising"
- Best Male Rock Vocal Performance, 2002, "The Rising"
- Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, 2003, "Disorder in the House" (with Warren Zevon)
- Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance, 2004, "Code of Silence"
- Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance, 2005, "Devils & Dust"
- Best Traditional Folk Album, 2006, The Seeger Sessions: We Shall Overcome
- Best Long Form Music Video, 2006, Wings For Wheels: The Making Of Born to Run
- Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance, 2007, "Radio Nowhere"
- Best Rock Song, 2007, "Radio Nowhere"
- Best Rock Instrumental Performance, 2007, "Once Upon a Time in the West"
- Best Rock Song, 2008, "Girls in Their Summer Clothes"
- Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance, 2009, "Working on a Dream"
- Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package, 2011, The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story
Golden Globe Awards[link]
- Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for "Streets of Philadelphia" in 1994.[46]
- Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for "The Wrestler" in 2009.[46]
Academy Awards[link]
- Academy Award for Best Original Song, 1993, "Streets of Philadelphia" from Philadelphia.[106]
Emmy Awards[link]
- The Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band: Live In New York City HBO special won two technical Emmy Awards in 2001.[107]
Other recognition[link]
- October 27, 1975: Bruce Springsteen appears simultaneously on the covers of Newsweek and Time
- Polar Music Prize in 1997.[108]
- Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, 1999.[109]
- Inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, 1999.[110]
- Inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame, 2007.[111]
- "Born to Run" named "The unofficial youth anthem of New Jersey" by the New Jersey state legislature; something Springsteen always found to be ironic, considering that the song "is about leaving New Jersey".[112]
- The minor planet 23990, discovered September 4, 1999, by I. P. Griffin at Auckland, New Zealand, was officially named in his honor.[113]
- Ranked No. 23 on Rolling Stone magazine's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[114]
- Ranked No. 36 on Rolling Stone magazine's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Singers Of All Time.
- Made Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People Of The Year 2008 list.[115]
- Won Critic's Choice Award for Best Song with "The Wrestler" in 2009.[116]
- Performed at the Super Bowl XLIII half time show.
- Kennedy Center Honors, 2009.
- Rolling Stone magazine also ranked 8 out of 16 Springsteen's studio albums in their 500 Greatest Albums Of All Time list.
- Rolling Stone magazine ranked "Born to Run" and "Thunder Road" in its 500 Greatest Songs Of All Time list, in 21st and 86th, respectively.
- Forbes ranked him 6th in The Celebrity 100 in 2009[117]
- John Steinbeck Award
See also[link]
 |
Book: Bruce Springsteen |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Mainstream Rock chart
- List of best selling music artists
Notes[link]
- ^ It is not clear if Tyrell is as full-fledged a band member as the others: some credits and press releases list her as "With" or "Special Guest", while some omit her; on the other hand, Springsteen has stated in interviews that "Soozie is with us."
- ^ Also not clear if Giordano is as full-fledged a band member as the others.
- ^ This quote is an extract from Springsteen's speech from the stage at a rally for presidential candidate Barack Obama on November 2, 2008
References[link]
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- ^ "Top Selling Artists". riaa.com. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblTopArt. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
- ^ "spring would literally mean 'jump'; but idiomatically jumping stone is the correct translation.
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- ^ "Bruce Springsteen – Biography". imdb.com. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0819803/bio. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
- ^ a b Glory Days: Bruce Springsteen in the 1980s. Dave Marsh, 1987, pg. 88–89.
- ^ Editors, "Boss Talk," THE TABLET, February 25, 2012.
- ^ Springsteen. Robert Hilburn, 1985, p. 28.
- ^ "Musicians' best friends to be honored in Freehold". April 17, 2002. http://newstranscript.gmnews.com/news/2002/0417/Front_page/003.html.
- ^ Loder, Kurt (December 6, 1984). "The Rolling Stone Interview: Bruce Springsteen". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on April 21, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090421085029/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/5933449. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
- ^ Racing in the Street: The Bruce Springsteen Reader, Penguin, 2004.
- ^ Brett, Oliver (January 15, 2009). "'What's in a nickame?'". London: BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7829013.stm. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
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- ^ Lester Bangs (July 5, 1973). "Greetings From Asbury Park, NJ". Rolling Stone. http://web.archive.org/web/20071224125845rn_1/www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/107193/greetings_from_asbury_park_nj. Retrieved March 21, 2010. [dead link]
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- ^ Cf. Marsh, David, (2003), pp.14, 203, & various.
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- ^ Billboard. Google Books. May 11, 1985. http://books.google.com/books?id=1CQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT52&dq=billboard+1985&hl=en&ei=MQlaTcPLA4nUgAeQg8HdDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=billboard%201985&f=false. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
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- ^ WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center Administrative Panel Decision, Bruce Springsteen -v- Jeff Burgar and Bruce Springsteen Club
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- ^ "Springsteen Bandmate on Hiatus for Health Reasons". Reuters. November 22, 2007. http://www.reuters.com/article/musicNews/idUSN2122708620071123. Retrieved March 22, 2008.
- ^ Sean Piccoli (April 17, 2008). "Springsteen concert postponed over bandmate's death". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. http://www.sun-sentinel.com/sfl-418brucespingsteen,0,3217057.story. Retrieved April 17, 2008.
- ^ "Springsteen endorses Obama for president". Associated Press for USA Today. April 16, 2008. http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/election2008/2008-04-16-springsteen_N.htm?csp=34. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
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- ^ "Bruce Springsteen News – Recording Artists' Eleventh Hour Campaigns – Mostly for Obama". idiomag. November 3, 2008. http://www.idiomag.com/peek/47658/bruce_springsteen. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
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- ^ a b c "Springsteen, Rahman Snag Musical Golden Globes". Billboard. September 14, 2009. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/springsteen-rahman-snag-musical-golden-globes-1003929219.story. Retrieved August 27, 2010. Archived from the original on January 5, 2011.
- ^ Bardsley, Garth (January 12, 2009). "How Mickey Rourke Got Bruce Springsteen's 'Wrestler' Song – For Free – MTV Movie News". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1602516/how-mickey-rourke-got-bruce-springsteens-wrestler-song-free.jhtml. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
- ^ "Report: "The Boss" to play Super Bowl halftime show". Seattle Post Intelligencer. August 11, 2008. http://www.seattlepi.com/scorecard/nflnews.asp?articleID=237980. [dead link].
- ^ Pareles, Jon (February 1, 2009). "The Rock Laureate". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/01/arts/music/01pare.html. Retrieved January 29, 2009.
- ^ Shore Fire Media. Retrieved December 2, 2008.
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- ^ "Bruce Springsteen's 'Working On A Dream' Set For January 27 Release On Columbia Records" (Press release). Shore Fire Media. November 17, 2008. http://www.shorefiremedia.com/index.php?a=pressrelease&o=2462. Retrieved November 18, 2008.
- ^ a b c Mervis, Scott (May 17, 2009). "Bruce Springsteen and E Street Band break tradition by improvising set list". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09137/970254-388.stm?cmpid=newspanel0. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
- ^ Youngs, Ian (June 28, 2009). "Glastonbury bows down to The Boss". BBC News (London). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8122365.stm. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
- ^ "Bruce Springsteen covers The Clash at London Hyde Park". NME. UK. June 29, 2009. http://www.nme.com/news/bruce-springsteen/45713. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
- ^ Lustig, Jay (October 10, 2009). "Bruce Springsteen rocks Giants Stadium for the last time". The Star-Ledger. http://www.nj.com/entertainment/music/index.ssf/2009/10/bruce_springsteen_rocks_giants.html. Retrieved October 14, 2009.
- ^ Pareles, Jon (October 11, 2009). "For Springsteen and Giants Stadium, a Last Dance". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/12/arts/music/12bruce.html. Retrieved October 14, 2009.
- ^ Green, Andy (November 23, 2009). "Bruce Springsteen and E Street Band "Say Goodbye for a Little While" as Tour Wraps in Buffalo". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2009/11/23/bruce-springsteen-and-e-street-say-goodbye-for-a-little-while-as-tour-wraps-in-buffalo/. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
- ^ "The 25th Anniversary Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Concerts". Rockhall25.com. http://www.rockhall25.com/. Retrieved August 27, 2010. Archived from the original on March 9, 2010.
- ^ "Jerry Seinfeld and Bruce Springsteen Headline the Fifth Concert for Autism Speaks at Carnegie Hall on November 17". Autismspeaks.org. September 10, 2009. http://www.autismspeaks.org/press/seinfeld_springsteen_concert.php. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
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- ^ a b Andrew Anthony (April 20, 2008). ""The Boss picks his voice of America" ''The Observer'' April 20, 2008". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/apr/20/uselections2008.springsteen?INTCMP=SRCH. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
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- ^ Greetings from E Street (Book), R Santelli
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- ^ Top Musicians Are Composing Own Curricula washingtonpost.com. Retrieved January 2, 2008.
- ^ IMDB – Philadelphia
- ^ IMDB – Dead Man Walking
- ^ Bruce Springsteen – IMDb
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- ^ Jerseyboy Hero (2011) – Full cast and crew
- ^ Article on cameo in High Fidelity Entertainment Weekly
- ^ Best cameo MTV award
- ^ "Academy Award for Best Original Song 1994". Songwritershalloffame.org. http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/songs/awards/C179. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ Live in NYC Emmy Awards
- ^ "Polar Music Prize". Polar Music Prize. August 16, 2010. http://www.polarmusicprize.org/newSite/1997.shtml. Retrieved August 27, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame". Rockhall.com. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/bruce-springsteen. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ "Songwriter's Hall of Fame". Songwritershalloffame.org. http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/exhibits/C179. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ Daniel Kreps. "NJ Hall of Fame". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on June 22, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080622053126/http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2008/05/06/bruce-springsteen-inducted-into-new-jersey-hall-of-fame/. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ "A Brunch O' Bruce". http://www.eonline.com/Features/Features/Bruce/index2.html.
- ^ (23990) Springsteen, IAU Minor Planet Center
- ^ "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080822035047/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5940039/the_immortals__the_greatest_artists_of_all_time_23_bruce_springsteen.
- ^ Penn, Sean (April 30, 2009). "Time Magazine". Time. http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733752_1735322,00.html. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ "Bruce Springsteen wins Critics Choice Award for 'The Wrestler' song". NME. UK. January 9, 2009. http://www.nme.com/news/bruce-springsteen/41980. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ "The Celebrity 100". Forbes. June 3, 2009. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/53/celebrity-09_The-Celebrity-100_Rank.html.
Sources[link]
- Alterman, Eric. It Ain't No Sin To Be Glad You're Alive : The Promise of Bruce Springsteen. Little Brown, 1999. ISBN 0-316-03885-7.
- Coles, Robert. Bruce Springsteen's America: The People Listening, a Poet Singing. Random House, 2005. ISBN 0-375-50559-8.
- Cross, Charles R. Backstreets: Springsteen – the man and his music Harmony Books, New York 1989/1992. ISBN 0-517-58929-X. Contains 15+ interviews and a complete list of all Springsteen songs including unreleased compositions. Complete lising of all concerts 1965–1990 – most of them with tracklists. Hundreds of previously unreleased high quality color pictures.
- Cullen, Jim. Born in the U.S.A.: Bruce Springsteen and the American Tradition. 1997; Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2005. New edition of 1997 study book places Springsteen's work in the broader context of American history and culture. ISBN 0-8195-6761-2
- Eliot, Marc with Appel, Mike. Down Thunder Road. Simon & Schuster, 1992. ISBN 0-671-86898-5.
- Graff, Gary. The Ties That Bind: Bruce Springsteen A to E to Z. Visible Ink, 2005. ISBN 1-57859-151-1.
- Guterman, Jimmy. Runaway American Dream: Listening to Bruce Springsteen. Da Capo, 2005. ISBN 0-306-81397-1.
- Hilburn, Robert. Springsteen. Rolling Stone Press, 1985. ISBN 0-684-18456-7.
- Knobler, Peter with special assistance from Greg Mitchell. "Who Is Bruce Springsteen and Why Are We Saying All These Wonderful Things About Him?", Crawdaddy, March 1973.
- Marsh, Dave. Bruce Springsteen: Two Hearts : The Definitive Biography, 1972–2003. Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0-415-96928-X. (Consolidation of two previous Marsh biographies, Born to Run (1981) and Glory Days (1987).)
- Wolff, Daniel. July 4, Asbury Park: A History of the Promised Land. Bloomsbury, 2005. ISBN 1-58234-509-0.
Further reading[link]
- Greetings from E Street: The Story of Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. Chronicle Books, 2006. ISBN 0-8118-5348-9.
- Days of Hope and Dreams: An Intimate Portrait of Bruce Springsteen. Billboard Books, 2003. ISBN 0-8230-8387-X.
- Racing in the Street: The Bruce Springsteen Reader. Penguin, 2004. ISBN 0-14-200354-9.
- Runaway American Dream: Listening to Bruce Springsteen. Da Capo Press, 2005. ISBN 0-306-81397-1.
- The Ties That Bind: Bruce Springsteen A to E to Z. Visible Ink Press, 2005. ISBN 1-57859-157-0.
- Bruce Springsteen: "Talking". Omnibus Press, 2004. ISBN 1-84449-403-9.
- For You: Original Stories and Photographs by Bruce Springsteen's Legendary Fans. LKC Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-9784156-0-0.
- Bruce Springsteen on Tour: 1968–2005. by Dave Marsh Bloomsbury USA, 2006. ISBN 978-1-59691-282-3.
- The Gospel according to Bruce Springsteen: Rock and Redemption from Asbury Park to Magic. by Jeffrey B. Symynkywicz. Westminster John Knox Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-664-23169-9.
- Magic in the Night: The Words and Music of Bruce Springsteen by Rob Kirkpatrick. St. Martin's Griffin, 2009. ISBN 0-312-53380-2.
- Land of Hope and Dreams: Celebrating 25 Years of Bruce Springsteen In Ireland by Greg Lewis and Moira Sharkey. Magic Rat Books. ISBN 978-0-9562722-0-1
- The Light in Darkness. A history of the Darkness on The Edge of Town album and tour. Lawrence Kirsch Communications. 2009 ISBN 978-0-9784156-1-7
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bruce Springsteen |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Bruce Springsteen |
- Official website
- E Street Radio
- Bruce Springsteen at Idiomag 21 12 10
- Bruce Springsteen on National Public Radio in 2005
- Highlights of Springsteen at Glastonbury 2009.
- Bruce Springsteen at NPR Music
- "Library of Hope and Dreams":bibliography of published Springsteen scholarship in English.
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Springsteen, Bruce |
| Alternative names | Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen |
| Short description | An American singer-songwriter |
| Date of birth | September 24, 1949 |
| Place of birth | Long Branch, New Jersey, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Bruce_Springsteen
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
