The Mariana Islands (also the Marianas; up to the early 20th century sometimes called Ladrones Islands, from Spanish ''Islas de los Ladrones'' meaning "Islands of Thieves") are an arc-shaped archipelago made up by the summits of 15 volcanic mountains in the north-western Pacific Ocean between the 12th and 21st parallels north and along the 145th meridian east. They are south of Japan and north of New Guinea, and immediately to the east of the Philippine Sea. The south end of the Marianas chain is the island of Guam. The islands were named after Spanish Queen Mariana of Austria in the 17th century, when Spain started the colonization of the archipielago.

The islands are part of a geologic structure known as the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc system, and range in age from 5 million years old in the north to 30 million years old in the south (Guam). The island chain arises as a result of the western edge of the Pacific Plate moving westward and plunging downward below the Mariana plate, a region which is the most volcanically active convergent plate boundary on Earth. This subduction region, just east of the island chain, forms the noted Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the Earth's oceans and lowest part of Earth's crust. In this region, according to geologic theory, water trapped in the extensive faulting of the Pacific Plate as serpentinite, is heated by the higher temperatures of depth during its subduction, and the pressure from the expanding steam results in the hydrothermal activity in the area, and the volcanic activity which formed the Mariana Islands.

The Marianas islands are the northern part of the Micronesia island group, although their government is under a different jurisdiction from much of the rest of geographical Micronesia. Today, the Marianas Islands are composed of two U.S. jurisdictions: the territory of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

Description

The Mariana Islands are the southern part of a submerged mountain range that extends 1,565 miles (2,519 km) from Guam to near Japan. Geographically, the Marianas are the northernmost islands of a larger island group called Micronesia, situated between 13° and 21°N latitude and 144° and 146°E longitude.

The Mariana Islands have a total land area of 389 square miles (1007 km²). They are composed of two administrative units:

Guam is a US territory.

The Northern Mariana Islands (including the islands of Saipan, Tinian and Rota) make up a Commonwealth of the United States .

The island chain geographically consists of two subgroups, a northern group of ten volcanic main islands, of which only four (Agrihan, Anatahan, Alamagan and Pagan) are inhabited; and a southern group of five coralline limestone islands (Rota, Guam, Aguijan, Tinian and Saipan), all inhabited except Aguijan. In the northern volcanic group a maximum elevation of about is reached; there are craters showing signs of activity, and earthquakes are not uncommon. Coral reefs fringe the coasts of the southern isles, which are of slight elevation.

Near the islands can be found the lowest point in the Earth's crust, the Mariana Trench.

All the islands except Farallon de Medinilla and Uracas or Farallon de Pajaros (in the northern group) are more or less densely wooded, and the vegetation is dense, much resembling that of the Carolines, and also of the Philippines, from where species of plants have been introduced. Owing to the moistness of the soil cryptogams are numerous, as are also most kinds of grasses. On most of the islands there is a plentiful supply of water.

The fauna of the Marianas, though inferior in number and variety, is similar in character to that of the Carolines, and certain species are indigenous to both island groups. The climate though damp is healthy, while the heat, being tempered by the trade winds, is milder than that of the Philippines; the variations of temperature are not great.

History

Prehistory

The islands are part of a geologic structure known as the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc system, and range in age from 5 million years old in the north to 30 million years old in the south (Guam). The islands are formed as the highly dense and very old western edge of the Pacific plate plunges downward to form the floor of the Mariana Trench, and carries trapped water under the Mariana plate as it does so. This water is heated and boiled as the plate is carried further downward, and results in the volcanic activity which has formed the arc of Mariana Islands above this subduction region.

Spanish exploration and control

The first European to see the island group was Ferdinand Magellan who on 6 March 1521 observed the two southernmost islands and sailed between them during a Spanish expedition of world circumnavigation. Upon first landing at Umatac, Guam, Magellan's ships received fresh supplies from the native Chamorros. The common account is that the Chamorros, assuming that they were engaged in a trade, then took one of the Spanish landing boats. The Spanish crew, however, considered this theft and in retaliation attacked the Chamorros and dubbed the islands Islas de los Ladrones (Islands of the Thieves). However, according to Antonio Pigafetta's diary, there was no evidence that the natives thought that the Spaniards were engaging in trade and that they therefore had the implicit right to take the things from Magellan's ships. Pigafetta writes,

''And the captain-general wished to approach the largest of these three islands to replenish his provisions. But it was not possible, for the people of those islands entered the ships and robbed us so that we could not protect ourselves from them. And when we wished to strike and take in the sails so as to land, they stole very quickly the small boat called a skiff which was fastened to the poop of the captain's ship. At which he, being very angry, went ashore with forty armed men. And burning some forty or fifty houses with several boats and killing seven men of the said island, they recovered their skiff.''

The islands are still occasionally called the Ladrones. Magellan himself styled them Islas de las Velas Latinas (Islands of the Lateen Sails). San Lazarus archipelago, Jardines and Prazeres are among the names applied to them by later navigators.

In 1667 Spain formally claimed them, established a regular colony there, and gave the islands the official title of Las Marianas in honor of Spanish Queen Mariana of Austria, widow of Philip IV of Spain. They then had a population of more than 50,000 inhabitants, but many Chamorros died from the infectious diseases brought by the Spanish.

The native population, who referred to themselves as "Tao Tao Tano" (people of the land) but were known to the early Spanish colonists as ''Hachamori'' has died out as a distinct people, though their descendants intermarried. At the Spanish occupation in 1668, the Chamorros were estimated at 50,000, but a century later only 1,800 natives remained, as the majority of the population was of mixed Spanish-Chamorro blood or mestizo. They were characteristic Micronesians, with a considerable civilization. In the island of Tinian are some remarkable remains attributed to them, consisting of two rows of massive square stone columns, about broad and high, with heavy-round capitals called latte stones. According to early Spanish accounts cinerary urns were found embedded in the capitals.

Research in the archipelago was carried out by Commodore Anson, who in August 1742 landed upon the island of Tinian. The Ladrones were visited by Byron in 1765, Wallis in 1767 and Crozet in 1772.

The Marianas and specifically the island of Guam were a stopover for Spanish galleons en route from Acapulco, Mexico to Manila, Philippines in a convoy known as the Galeon de Manila.

Loss from Spain, and split in governance

The Marianas remained a Spanish colony under the general government of the Philippines until 1898, when, as a result of the Spanish-American War, Spain ceded Guam to the United States. Guam has retained a different political character from the remaining islands since this time.

In the Treaty of 12 February 1899, the remaining islands of the Mariana archipelago (except Guam) were sold by Spain to Germany for 837,500 German gold marks (about $4,100,000 at the time). Along with 6000 islands in other island groups, such as the Carolines and Pelew Islands, all formerly under Spanish control but now indefensible by Spain, these islands were now incorporated as a small part of the larger German Protectorate of New Guinea. The total population in the Northern Marianas portion of these islands around this time was only 2,646 inhabitants; the ten most northerly islands being actively volcanic, and almost uninhabited.

Japan, a member of the Triple Entente, began to occupy the islands in 1914. After Germany and the rest of the Central Powers lost World War I, all formerly German-controlled islands in the Pacific were entrusted by the League of Nations to Japanese control, as mandate territories (similar to modern United Nations Trust Territories). These islands included the Northern Mariana Islands, but not Guam.

The island chain saw fighting between the US and Japanese forces in 1944 during World War II. Guam, a U.S. possession from 1898, was captured by Japan in an attack that began on the day after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The United States recaptured it in July 1944. The remaining islands were desired by the U.S. as bombing bases to reach the Japanese mainland, with Saipan attacked even before Guam. Once captured, the islands of Saipan and Tinian were used extensively by the United States military as they finally put mainland Japan within round-trip range of American bombers. In response, Japanese forces attacked the bases on Saipan and Tinian from November 1944 to January 1945. Both the ''Enola Gay'' and the ''Bockscar'' (which dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively) flew their missions from Tinian’s “North Field”.

The direct result of this conflict was that after the war, the Northern Mariana Islands came under U.S. control in the same way they had earlier come under control of Japan after World War I. They have not united with the territory of Guam, in part due to residual post-war tensions resulting from the very different histories of Guam (occupied by Japan for only 31 months, in wartime) and the Northern Mariana Islands (more peacefully occupied by Japan, for about 30 years).

Ecclesiastical history

The Prefecture Apostolic of the Marianas was erected on 17 September 1902, by the Constitution "Quae mari sinico" of Pope Leo XIII. The islands had previously formed part of the Philippine Diocese of Cebu. By Decree of 18 June 1907 they were entrusted to the Capuchin Fathers of the Westphalian Province, to which order the first Prefect Apostolic, Very Rev. Paul von Kirchhausen (appointed August, 1907; residence in Saipan, Carolina Islands), belonged. There were two public schools, but accommodation was so inadequate that the boys attended in the morning and the girls in the evening. The instruction was given in English, and in addition to the usual elementary subjects, carpentry and other trades were taught. Two priests were stationed at Agana on Guam; one in each of the smaller settlements, Agat and Merizo. In addition to the churches at these places, there is a church at Samay and several little chapels in the mountains. A priest from Agana visited each month the colony where the lepers are segregated, to celebrate Mass and administer the sacraments. Catholicism was the sole—and remains the primary—religion.

Sources and references

WorldStatesmen- Guam & Northern Marianas

Pascal Horst Lehne and Christoph Gäbler: ''Über die Marianen.'' Lehne-Verlag, Wohldorf in Germany 1972.

L. de Freycinet, ''Voyage autour du monde'' (Paris, 1826-1844)

The Marianas Islands in ''Nautical Magazsile'', xxxiv., xxxv. (London, 1865-1866)

0. Finsch, ''Karolinen und Marianen'' (Hamburg, 1900); Costenoble, Die Marianen in Globus, lxxxviii. (1905).

Category:Geography of the Northern Mariana Islands Category:Micronesia Category:Volcanic arc islands Category:Former Spanish colonies Category:Spanish East Indies

ar:جزر الماريانا bs:Marijanska ostrva bg:Мариански острови ca:Illes Mariannes cs:Mariany ch:Islas Mariånas cy:Ynysoedd Mariana de:Marianen et:Mariaanid es:Islas Marianas eo:Marianoj eu:Marianak fr:Îles Mariannes gl:Illas Marianas ko:마리아나 제도 hr:Marijanski otoci it:Isole Marianne he:איי מריאנה kk:Мариана аралдары sw:Visiwa vya Mariana lt:Marianų salos hu:Mariana-szigetek mn:Марианы арлууд nl:Marianen ja:マリアナ諸島 no:Marianene pl:Mariany pt:Ilhas Marianas ro:Insulele Mariane ru:Марианские острова simple:Mariana Islands sk:Mariány sl:Mariansko otočje sr:Marijanska ostrva fi:Mariaanit sv:Marianerna tl:Kapuluang Mariana ta:மரியானா தீவுகள் tg:Мариана uk:Маріанські острови zh:马里亚纳群岛

Coordinates	55°45′06″N37°37′04″N
birth name	Marian Gracia Rivera
also known as	Marian Rivera
nick name(s)	Yan-yan
birth date	August 12, 1984
birth place	Madrid, Spain
yearsactive	2005–present
occupation	Model, actress
website	http://www.igma.tv/profile/marian-rivera }}

Marian Rivera (born Marian Gracia Rivera on August 12, 1984 in Madrid, Spain) is a Filipina actress and occasional singer-dancer. Her first TV role came in 2005 via TAPE Inc.'s afternoon drama, ''Kung Mamahalin Mo Lang Ako'' in the lead that was aired in GMA Network. In 2007 she was cast for the title role in the Philippine remake of ''MariMar''. She released two studio albums: ''Marian Rivera Dance Hits'' and ''Retro Crazy'' sold 75,000 copies. She currently signed with GMA Network.

Personal life

Marian Rivera was born in Madrid, Spain to Francisco Javier Gracia Alonso, a Spaniard, and Amalia Rivera , a Filipina of Caviteña.

Career

Rivera first starred in afternoon soap operas for TAPE Inc. and GMA Network including ''Kung Mamahalin Mo Lang Ako'', ''Agawin Mo Man Ang Lahat'' and ''Pinakamamahal''. She acted in ''Enteng Kabisote 2: Okay Ka Fairy Ko: The Legend Continues''. Later GMA Network cast her into mother roles for the afternoon Philippine-Malaysian drama ''Muli''.

Rivera formally signed a contract in GMA Network, Inc. and starred the title role of ''MariMar'', which premiered on August 13, 2007. Later, Rivera was awarded in GMMSF Inc. in the 38th Box-Office Entertainment Awards.

In 2008, Rivera played the role of ''Dyesebel'' which aired on April 28, 2008. She appeared in ''Ang Babaeng Hinugot Sa Aking Tadyang''.

In 2010, Rivera, starred in the TV remake of ''Endless Love''.

In 2011, Rivera, starred in GMA Network's series ''Amaya''.

Film career

In 2006, Rivera signed a contract for Regal Films andwas cast in the horror movie, ''Pamahiin''.

Rivera starred in two MMFF movie entries: ''Bahay Kubo'' and ''Desperadas''. In 2008, Rivera starred in the romantic comedy ''My Best Friend's Girlfriend''

In 2009, she then played the role of Nieves, ''The Engkanto Slayer,'' in a title episode of ''Shake, Rattle & Roll X'', an MMFF entry. She worked with singer and songwriter Ogie Alcasid and the ''Desperadas'' cast, for the sequel, ''Desperadas 2.'' She also starred in the horror movie, ''Tarot''.

In early 2010, she appeared in ''You to Me Are Everything'', a romantic comedy film.

Filmography

Television

TelevisionKung Mamahalin Mo Lang AkoMuli (TV series) Anghel sa Lupa

Year	Title	Role
2005	|	Clarisse Galang	TAPE, Inc.
rowspan="2"	2006	Agawin Mo Man Ang Lahat
Pinakamamahal	Carissa Crismundo
rowspan="3"	2007	Muli ||	Racquel Estadilla	GMA Network
Super Twins	Ester Paredes
MariMar (Philippine TV series)	MariMar	Marimar Perez / Bella Aldama
2008	Dyesebel (TV series)>Dyesebel
rowspan="4"	2009	Ang Babaeng Hinugot Sa Aking Tadyang
Sugat ng Kahapon	Hilda
Darna (2009 TV series)	Darna
Show Me Da Manny	Manuella "Ella" Paredes
rowspan="3"	2010	|	Theresa San Miguel	TAPE, Inc.
Endless Love (Philippine TV series)	Endless Love
Jillian: Namamasko Po	Odessa
rowspan="3"	2011	Ang Spooky Mo: Bampirella>Spooky Nights Presents: Bampirella
Amaya (TV series)	Amaya	Amaya

Movies

FilmsEnteng Kabisote 2: Okay Ka Fairy Ko: The Legend ContinuesPamahiinYou to Me Are Everything (film)Temptation Island (2011 film)

Year	Title	Role
2005	|	Alyssa	OctoArts Films
2006	|	Becca	Regal Entertainment
2007	Bahay Kubo (film)>Bahay Kubo
rowspan="6"	2008	Desperadas
My Best Friend's Girlfriend
One True Love	Joy
Scaregivers	cameo
Shake Rattle & Roll X
Desperadas 2	Courtney
2009	Tarot (2009 film)>Tarot
rowspan="2"	2010	You to Me Are Everything ||	Iska	GMA Films
Super Inday and the Golden Bibe	Inday/Super Inday
rowspan="2"	2011	Temptation Island ||	Cristina	Regal Films
Ang Panday: Part II	TBA

Discography

Albums

AlbumsMarian Rivera Dance HitsRetro Crazy

Year	Title	Record Label
2008	|	Universal Records (Philippines)>Universal Records	2x Platinum
2009	|	Universal Records (Philippines)>Universal Records	Platinum

Singles

TitleRetro Crazy

Year	|	Record Label	Certification
2009	Sabay Sabay Tayo ||	Universal Records (Philippines)>Universal Records	Platinum

Awards and nominations

+ Marian Rivera
Year !! Award !! Category !! Nominated Work !! Result
2006	20th PMPC Star Awards for Television	Best New Female TV Personality	Kung Mamahalin Mo Lang Ako
	4th USTV Students' Choice Awards	Most Popular Actress in a Drama/Miniseries
1st Annual Fil-Am Visionary Awards	Favorite Television Actress
	Most Promising Female Star	My Best Friend's Girlfriend
Phenomenal TV Star
FAMAS	German Moreno Young Achievement Award	Desperadas 2
	6th Golden Screen Awards	Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role—Musical or Comedy
40th Guillermo Memorial Scholarship Award	Valentine Box Office Queen
2010		Best Actress	Super Inday and The Golden Bibe

References

External links

Marian Rivera's Profile at iGMA.tv

Category:Cavite actors Category:Filipino actors Category:Tagalog people Category:Filipino people of Spanish descent Category:GMA Artist Center Category:Living people Category:People from Cavite Category:People from Madrid Category:Spanish people of Filipino descent Category:1984 births

ceb:Marian Rivera tl:Marian Rivera

Coordinates	55°45′06″N37°37′04″N
position	Right wing
shoots	Left
height ft	6
height in	1
weight lb	198
team	New York Rangers
former teams	Minnesota Wild
league	NHL
ntl team	Slovakia
birth date	February 14, 1982
birth place	Trenčín, Czechoslovakia
career start	1998
draft	3rd overall
draft year	2000
draft team	Minnesota Wild
website	MarianGaborik10.com }}

Marián Gáborík (born February 14, 1982) is a Slovak professional ice hockey right winger currently playing for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He began his career in the Slovak Extraliga with HC Dukla Trenčín for two seasons before being drafted third overall in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft by the Minnesota Wild. Spending eight seasons in Minnesota before signing with the Rangers in 2009, Gáborík is the Wild's all-time leading scorer in goals, assists and points. Internationally, Gáborík is a two-time Olympian with Slovakia and has won a bronze medal at the 1999 World Junior Championships.

Playing career

Dukla Trenčin

Gáborík played with HC Dukla Trencin's junior team and scored 59 points over 36 games in 1997–98. That same season, he appeared in one Slovak Extraliga game with Dukla Trencin's men's team, scoring a goal in his professional debut. The following season in 1998–99, he joined Dukla Trencin in the Slovak Extraliga full-time and 20 points over 33 games as a rookie. Gáborík then improved to 46 points in 50 games the following season in his draft year.

Minnesota Wild

Gáborík was drafted by the Minnesota Wild with the third overall pick in the first round of the 2000 NHL Entry Draft after Rick DiPietro and Dany Heatley. Gaborik immediately showed promise during his rookie season with the Wild, collecting 18 goals and 36 points for the expansion Wild. Gáborík elevated his game the following season, in 2001–02, notching his first 30-goal season and nearly doubling his rookie output to 67 points. He also recorded his first NHL hat-trick near the beginning of the season on November 13, 2001. In 2002–03, Gáborík was named to his first NHL All-Star Game and won the fastest skater competition, lapping the rink in 13.713 seconds. He notched 30 goals for the second consecutive season, but more importantly helped lead the Wild to their first ever playoff appearance. He capped off his third NHL season with 17 points in 18 games as part of a run to the Western Conference Finals.

Contractual issues kept Gáborík from starting the 2003–04 season with the Wild as his initial entry-level contract came to an end in the off-season. Holding out with HC Dukla Trenčín of the Slovak Extraliga, his agent, Allan Walsh, asserted that Gáborík would not take less than $6.5 million a year. After switching agents three times, Gáborík eventually agreed to a three-year, $10-million contract with the Wild on October 31, 2003. Limited to 65 games that season, he recorded 18 goals and 40 points. Due to the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Gáborík again returned to HC Dukla Trenčín where he dominated with 52 points in 29 games. He also saw time with Färjestads BK of the Elitserien.

As NHL play resumed in 2005–06, Gáborík took another step forward, becoming a point-per-game player with 38 goals and 66 points in a 65-game season limited by a groin injury. His season was shortened once more the following season in 2006–07, re-injuring his groin on October 20, 2006, against the Anaheim Ducks. Despite a 10-14 day estimated recovery time, he did not return to the lineup until January 6, 2007, against the Colorado Avalanche two-and-a-half months later. Although Gáborík missed 34 games, he still managed a second consecutive 30-goal season to go with 57 points overall.

On December 20, 2007, Gáborík recorded a six-point game against the New York Rangers with five goals and an assist. This made him the first player in Wild history to score five goals in a game, as well as the first NHLer since Sergei Fedorov of the Detroit Red Wings did so 11 years earlier (on December 26, 1996, versus the Washington Capitals). At mid-season, he was chosen to his second NHL All-Star Game and would go on to record personal bests of 42 goals, 41 assists and 83 points. Gáborík finished his career year as team captain for the Wild in March 2008. It was the first time in his career he was chosen as part of the team's monthly rotating captaincy.

Entering the final year of his contract with the Wild in 2008–09, the Wild began negotiations early to re-sign Gaborik. A deal of $80 million over 10 years was reportedly turned down by Gaborik and the Wild consequently began entertaining trade offers from NHL teams. His playing time with the Wild was limited in his final year after being sidelined early in the season with a lower-body injury before undergoing hip surgery in January 2009. He returned to the lineup on March 21, 2009, against the Edmonton Oilers and finished the season with 23 points in 17 games.

Gaborik was unable to sign a new contract with the Wild in the 2008 off-season. He left the Wild after eight seasons as its last original player and as the club's all-time leader in goals, assists and points.

New York Rangers

Leading up to the free agency period, Gaborik was speculated to have interest in signing with the Vancouver Canucks after ''The Province'' reported he had recently bought a home in West Vancouver in the 2009 off-season. Nevertheless, Gáborík signed as an unrestricted free agent with the New York Rangers on the first day of free agency on July 1, 2009. The Rangers signed him to a reported $37.5 million over five years.

Gaborik got off to a quick start with his new club, scoring 10 goals in his first 12 games. Nearly a month into the season, he suffered a knee injury after colliding with former Ranger Petr Prucha in a game against the Phoenix Coyotes on October 26, 2009. He missed two games, including what would have been his first game back in Minnesota against the Wild. Gaborik was injured for a second time in the season when his right leg was cut by team goaltender Henrik Lundqvist during a team practice on February 9, 2010. Though the Rangers missed the playoffs, Gaborik did not disappoint in his first season with the team. He played in 76 games, matching his career high with 42 goals, and set a new career high in points with 86.

His second season with the Rangers (2010-11) was marred somewhat by injury. Just three games into the season, Gaborik suffered a shoulder injury after being on the receiving end of an illegal boarding hit in a game against the Toronto Maple Leafs. The ailment caused him to miss nearly a month, and limited his playing style somewhat upon his return, which relies on his tremendous wrist shot. Perhaps due to lingering effects from his various ailments, Gaborik proved a very streaky scorer throughout the year, finishing with 22 goals and 26 assists in 62 games, though 12 of those goals came in just 4 games. His best game of the season occurred on January 19th, 2011, as Gaborik scored four goals and an assist in a 7-0 win over the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Rangers qualified for the Stanley Cup Playoffs for the first time since Gaborik had joined the team, on the final day of the season with a 5-2 win over the rival New Jersey Devils. Gaborik contributed an assist on the game winning goal, and a +2 rating during the contest.

Awards

NHL Player of the Week for October 21–27, 2002.

Played in the NHL All-Star Game in 2003 and 2008.

NHL First Star of the Week for January 7–14, 2008.

Career statistics

{| BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="0" width="90%" style="text-align:center" |-style="background-color:#e0e0e0;" ! colspan="3" style="background-color:#ffffff;"|  ! rowspan="99" style="background-color:#ffffff;"|  ! colspan="9"|Regular season ! rowspan="99" style="background-color:#ffffff;"|  ! colspan="5"|Playoffs |-style="background-color:#e0e0e0;" !Season !Team !League !GP !G !A !Pts !PIM !+/- !PP !SH !GW !GP !G !A !Pts !PIM |- |2000–01 |Minnesota Wild |NHL |71 |18 |18 |36 |32 | -6 |6 |0 |3 | — | — | — | — | — |-style="background-color:#f0f0f0;" |2001–02||Minnesota Wild||NHL||78||30||37||67||34||0||10||0||4||—||—||—||—||— |- |2002–03 |Minnesota Wild |NHL |81 |30 |35 |65 |46 | +12 |5 |1 |8 |18 |9 |8 |17 |6 |-style="background-color:#f0f0f0;" |2003–04 |HC Dukla Trenčín |SVK |9 |10 |3 |13 |10 | +9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |- |2003–04 |Minnesota Wild |NHL |65 |18 |22 |40 |16 | +10 |3 |0 |4 | — | — | — | — | — |-style="background-color:#f0f0f0;" |2004–05 |HC Dukla Trenčín |SVK |29 |25 |27 |52 |46 | +43 | — | — | — |12 |8 |9 |17 |26 |- |2004–05 |Färjestads BK |SEL |12 |6 |4 |10 |45 | +8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |- |-style="background-color:#f0f0f0;" |2005–06 |Minnesota Wild |NHL |65 |38 |28 |66 |64 | +6 |10 |2 |7 | — | — | — | — | — |- |2006–07 |Minnesota Wild |NHL |48 |30 |27 |57 |40 | +12 |12 |1 |7 |5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 8 |- |-style="background-color:#f0f0f0;" |2007–08 |Minnesota Wild |NHL |77 |42 |41 |83 |63 | +17 |11 |1 |8 |6 |0 |1 |1 |4 |- |2008–09 |Minnesota Wild |NHL |17 |13 |10 |23 |2 | +3 |2 |1 |2 | — | — | — | — | — |-style="background-color:#f0f0f0;" |2009–10 |New York Rangers |NHL |76 |42 |44 |86 |37 | +15 |14 |1 |4 | — | — | — | — | — |- ALIGN="center" | 2010–11 | New York Rangers | NHL |62 |22 |26 |48 |18 | +8 |7 |0 |4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |-style="background-color:#e0e0e0;" ! colspan="3" | NHL totals !640 !283 !288 !571 !356 !+77 !80 !7 !51 !34 !13 !11 !24 !20 |}

International play

}}

Gáborík has played for Slovakia in the following competitions:

1999 World Junior Championships (bronze medal)

2001 World Championships

2004 World Championships

2004 World Cup

2005 World Championships

2006 Winter Olympics

2007 World Championships

2010 Winter Olympics

International statistics

{| BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" style="text-align:center" width="50%" |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! Year ! Team ! Event ! rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff" |   ! GP ! G ! A ! Pts ! PIM |- | 1999 | Slovakia | WJC | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 1999 | Slovakia | WJC18 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 2 |- | 2000 | Slovakia | WJC | 7 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 0 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 2000 | Slovakia | WJC18 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 12 |- | 2001 | Slovakia | WC | 7 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 2004 | Slovakia | WC | 9 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 4 |- | 2004 | Slovakia | WCup | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 2005 | Slovakia | WC | 7 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 6 |- | 2006 | Slovakia | Oly | 6 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 4 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 2007 | Slovakia | WC | 6 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 14 |- | 2010 | Slovakia | Oly | 7 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 6 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | 2011 | Slovakia | WC | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan=3 | World Junior Championships (U18) Totals ! 13 ! 9 ! 10 ! 19 ! 14 |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan=3 | World Junior Championships Totals ! 13 ! 6 ! 1 ! 7 ! 2 |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan=3 | World Championships Totals ! 35 ! 16 ! 11 ! 27 ! 24 |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan=3 | World Cup of Hockey Totals ! 4 ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 ! 2 |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan=3 | Olympics Totals ! 13 ! 7 ! 5 ! 12 ! 10 |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan=3 | Total International ! 78 ! 39 ! 27 ! 66 ! 52 |}

Charity

Gáborík has used his success to benefit Slovak ice hockey and player development. In 2005, he opened his ice rink Arena Mariána Gáboríka in his native city of Trenčín, Slovakia at a personal cost of approximately 50 million Slovak crowns. The ice rink provides the opportunity to both learn how to skate as well as play ice hockey for local youth, and also contains both a full fitness center for off-ice conditioning and accommodations so that participants in programs may stay overnight. The rink earned the distinction of "2005 Construction of the Year" in Trenčín. Beginning in 2009, Gáborík's ice rink has also begun offering a hockey school program.

Of the rink, Gáborík says:

Gáborík spends a lot of personal time pursuing this endeavor during the offseason, as he personally attends each of his hockey school's summer camp sessions to meet the campers and pose for photographs.

He has also founded the Marian Gaborik Foundation, which also supports his mission of expanding access to youth hockey in Slovakia.

See also

Slovaks in the NHL

References

External links

Marián Gáborík at NHLPA

Marian Gaborik Official Site

Category:1982 births Category:Färjestads BK players Category:Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics Category:Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics Category:Living people Category:Minnesota Wild draft picks Category:Minnesota Wild players Category:National Hockey League All-Stars Category:National Hockey League first round draft picks Category:New York Rangers players Category:Olympic ice hockey players of Slovakia Category:People from Trenčín Category:Slovak ice hockey players

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Coordinates	55°45′06″N37°37′04″N
name	Bill Evans
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	William John Evans
born	August 16, 1929Plainfield, New Jersey, United States
died	September 15, 1980Fort Lee, New JerseyUnited States
instrument	Vocals, violin, guitar
born	August 16, 1929
died	September 15, 1980
instrument	Piano
genre	Jazz, modal jazz, third stream, cool jazz, post-bop
occupation	PianistComposerArranger
years active	1950s–1980
label	Riverside, Verve, Fantasy
associated acts	George Russell, Miles Davis, Cannonball Adderley, Philly Joe Jones, Scott LaFaro, Paul Motian, Eddie Gomez, Marty Morell, Tony Bennett, Jim Hall
notable instruments	}}

William John Evans, known as Bill Evans (August 16, 1929–September 15, 1980) was an American jazz pianist. His use of impressionist harmony, inventive interpretation of traditional jazz repertoire, and trademark rhythmically independent, "singing" melodic lines influenced a generation of pianists including: Chick Corea, Herbie Hancock, John Taylor, Steve Kuhn, Don Friedman, Marian McPartland, Denny Zeitlin, Bobo Stenson, Warren Bernhardt, Michel Petrucciani and Keith Jarrett, as well as many other musicians world-wide. The music of Bill Evans continues to inspire younger pianists like Fred Hersch, Bill Charlap, Lyle Mays, Eliane Elias and arguably Brad Mehldau, early in his career. He is considered by some to be the most influential post-World War II jazz pianist.

Evans is an inductee of the ''Down Beat'' Jazz Hall of Fame.

Biography

Early life

Bill Evans was born in Plainfield, New Jersey, United States, to a mother of Rusyn ancestry and a father of Welsh descent. He received his first musical training at his mother's church. Evans's mother was an amateur pianist with an interest in modern classical composers, and Evans began classical piano lessons at age six. He also became a proficient flutist by age 13 and could play the violin.

At age 12, Evans filled in for his older brother Harry in Buddy Valentino's band. At this age he was able to interpret classical music, but he couldn't improvise. In the beginning, he played exactly what was written in the sheet, but soon started trying to improvise, while learning about harmonies in the songs and how to alter them. Meanwhile, he was playing dance music (and jazz) at home. In the late 1940s, Evans played boogie woogie in various New York City clubs. He attended Southeastern Louisiana University on a music scholarship, and in 1950 performed Beethoven's Third Piano Concerto on his senior recital there, graduating with a degree in piano performance and teaching. He was also among the founding members of SLU's Delta Omega Chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, and played quarterback for the fraternity's football team, helping them win the school's 1949 intramural tournament.

Evans's first professional job was with sax player Herbie Fields's band, based in Chicago. During the summer of 1950, the band did a three-month tour backing Billie Holiday, including East Coast appearances at Harlem's Apollo Theater and shows in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and at Washington D.C.'s Howard Theater. In addition to Fields and Evans, the band included trumpeter Jimmy Nottingham, trombonist Frank Rosolino and bassist Jim Aton. Upon its return to Chicago, Evans and Aton worked as a duo in Chicago clubs, often backing singer Lurlean Hunter. Shortly thereafter, Evans received his draft notice and entered the U.S. Army.

After his army service, Evans returned to New York and worked at nightclubs with jazz clarinetist Tony Scott and other leading players. Later, he took postgraduate studies in composition at the Mannes College of Music, where he also mentored younger music students.

1950s

Working in New York in the 1950s, Evans gained recognition as a sideman in traditional and so-called Third Stream jazz groups. During this period he had the opportunity to record in many different contexts with some of the best jazz musicians of the time. Seminal recordings made with composer/theoretician George Russell, including "Concerto for Billy the Kid" and "All About Rosie", are notable for Evans's solo work. Evans also appeared on notable albums by Charles Mingus, Oliver Nelson, Tony Scott, and Art Farmer. In 1956, he made his debut album, ''New Jazz Conceptions'', featuring the original version of "Waltz for Debby", for Riverside Records. Producer Orrin Keepnews was convinced to record the reluctant Evans by a demo tape guitarist Mundell Lowe played to him over the phone.

In 1958, Evans was hired by Miles Davis, becoming the only white member of Davis's famed sextet. Though his time with the band was brief (no more than eight months), it was one of the most fruitful collaborations in the history of jazz, as Evans's introspective scalar approach to improvisation deeply influenced Davis's style. Davis wrote in his autobiography, "Bill had this quiet fire that I loved on piano. The way he approached it, the sound he got, was like crystal notes or sparkling water cascading down from some clear waterfall." Additionally, Davis said, "I've sure learned a lot from Bill Evans. He plays the piano the way it should be played."

Evans's desire to pursue his own projects as a leader (and increasing problems with drug use) led him to leave the Davis sextet in late 1958. Shortly after, he recorded ''Everybody Digs Bill Evans'', documenting the wholly original meditative sound he was exploring at the time. But Evans came back to the sextet at Davis's request to record the jazz classic ''Kind of Blue'' in early 1959. Evans's contribution to the album was overlooked for years; in addition to cowriting the song "Blue in Green", he had also already developed the ostinato figure from the track "Flamenco Sketches" on the 1958 solo recording "Peace Piece" from his album ''Everybody Digs Bill Evans''. Evans also penned the heralded liner notes for ''Kind of Blue'' comparing jazz improvisation to Japanese visual art. By the fall of 1959, he had started his own trio.

1960s

At the turn of the decade, Evans led a trio with bassist Scott LaFaro and drummer Paul Motian. This group was to become one of the most acclaimed piano trios — and jazz bands in general — of all time. With this group, Evans's focus settled on traditional jazz standards and original compositions, with an added emphasis on interplay among the band members that often bordered on collective improvisation, blurring the line between soloist and accompanist. The collaboration between Evans and the young LaFaro was particularly fruitful, as the two achieved a remarkable level of musical empathy. The trio recorded four albums: ''Portrait in Jazz'' (1959); and ''Explorations'', ''Sunday at the Village Vanguard'', and ''Waltz for Debby,'' all recorded in 1961. The last two albums are live recordings from the same recording date, and are routinely named among the greatest jazz recordings of all time. In 2005, the full sets were collected on the three-CD set ''The Complete Village Vanguard Recordings, 1961''. There is also a lesser-known recording of this trio, ''Live at Birdland'', taken from radio broadcasts in early 1960, though the sound quality is poor.

In addition to introducing a new freedom of interplay within the piano trio, Evans began (in performances such as "My Foolish Heart" from the Vanguard sessions) to explore extremely slow ballad tempos and quiet volume levels, which had been virtually unknown in jazz. His chordal voicings became more impressionistic, reminiscent of classical composers such as Debussy, Ravel, Scriabin, and Satie, and he moved away from the thick block chords he had often used with Davis. His sparse left-hand voicings supported his lyrical right-hand lines, reflecting the influence of jazz pianist Bud Powell.

Like Davis, Evans was a pioneer of modal jazz, favoring harmonies that helped avoid some of the idioms of bebop and other earlier jazz. In tunes like ''Time Remembered'', the chord changes more or less absorbed the derivative styles of bebop and instead relied on unexpected shifts in color. It was still possible (and desirable) to make these changes swing, and a certain spontaneity appeared in expert solos that were played over the new sound. Most composers refer to the style of ''Time Remembered'' as "plateau modal," because of its frequent juxtaposition of harmony.

LaFaro's death at age 25 in a car accident, ten days after the Vanguard performances, devastated Evans. He did not record or perform in public again for several months. His first recording after LaFaro's death was the duet album ''Undercurrent'', with guitarist Jim Hall, released on United Artist Jazz records in 1963. Recorded in two sessions on April 24 and May 14, 1962, it is now widely regarded as a classic jazz piano-guitar duet recording. The album is also notable for its striking cover image, "Weeki Wachee Spring, Florida" by photographer Toni Frissell. The original LP and the first CD reissue featured a cropped, blue-tinted version, overlaid with the title and the Blue Note logo; but for the most recent (24-bit remastered) CD reissue, the image has been restored to its original black-and-white coloration and size, without lettering.

When he re-formed his trio in 1962, Evans replaced LaFaro with bassist Chuck Israels, initially keeping Motian on the drums. Two albums, ''Moon Beams'' and ''How My Heart Sings!'', resulted. In 1963, after having switched from Riverside to the much more widely distributed Verve, he recorded ''Conversations With Myself'', an innovative album on which he employed overdubbing, layering up to three individual tracks of piano for each song. The album won him his first Grammy award, for Best Instrumental Jazz Performance — Soloist or Small Group.

Though his time with Verve was prolific in terms of recording, his artistic output was uneven. Despite Israels's fast development and the creativity of new drummer Grady Tate, they were ill-represented by the rather perfunctory album ''Bill Evans Trio with Symphony Orchestra'', with the piece ''Pavane'' by Gabriel Fauré remarkably reinvented with improvisations by Evans. Some unique contexts were attempted, such as a big-band live album at Town Hall, recorded but never issued due to Evans's dissatisfaction with it (although the jazz trio portion of the Pavane concert was made into its own somewhat successful release), and an album with a symphony orchestra, not warmly received by critics.

During this time, Helen Keane, Evans's manager, began having an important influence. One of the first women in her field, she significantly helped to maintain the progress (or prevent the deterioration) of Evans's career in spite of his self-destructive lifestyle.

In 1966, Evans discovered the remarkable young Puerto Rican bass player Eddie Gomez. In what turned out to be an eleven-year stay, the sensitive and creative Gomez sparked new developments in both Evans's playing and his trio conception. One of the most significant releases during this period is ''Bill Evans at the Montreux Jazz Festival'', from 1968. Although it was the only album Evans made with drummer Jack DeJohnette, it has remained a critical and fan favorite, due to the trio's remarkable energy and interplay.

Other highlights from this period include "Solo — In Memory of His Father" from ''Bill Evans at Town Hall'' (1966), which introduced the famous theme "Turn Out the Stars," a second successful pairing with guitarist Jim Hall; ''Intermodulation'' (1966); and the subdued, crystalline solo album ''Alone'' (1968), featuring a 14-minute-plus version of "Never Let Me Go".

1970s

In 1968, Marty Morell joined the trio on drums and remained until 1975, when he retired to family life. This was Evans's most stable, longest-lasting group. Evans had kicked his heroin habit and was entering a period of personal stability as well. The group made several albums, including ''From Left to Right'' (1970), which features Evans's first use of electric piano; ''The Bill Evans Album'' (1971), which won two Grammies; ''The Tokyo Concert'' (1973); ''Since We Met'' (1974); and ''But Beautiful'' (1974), featuring the trio plus legendary tenor saxophonist Stan Getz in live performances from Holland and Belgium, released posthumously in 1996. Morell was an energetic, straight-ahead drummer, unlike many of the trio's former percussionists, and many critics feel that this was a period of little growth for Evans. After Morell left, Evans and Gomez recorded two duo albums, ''Intuition'' and ''Montreux III''.

In 1974, Bill Evans recorded a multimovement jazz concerto specifically written for him by Claus Ogerman entitled ''Symbiosis'', originally released on the MPS Records label. The 1970s also saw Evans collaborate with the singer Tony Bennett on 1975's ''The Tony Bennett/Bill Evans Album'' and 1977's ''Together Again''.

On September 13, 1975, Evans's son, Evan, was born. Evan Evans did not often see his always-touring father. A child prodigy, he embarked on a career in film scoring, ambitiously attending college courses in 20th-century composition, instrumentation, and electronic composition at the age of ten. He also studied with many of his father's contemporaries, including Lalo Schifrin and harmony specialist Bernard Maury.

In 1976, Marty Morell was replaced on drums by Eliot Zigmund. Several interesting collaborations followed, and it was not until 1977 that the trio was able to record an album together. Both ''I Will Say Goodbye'' (Evans's last album for Fantasy Records) and ''You Must Believe in Spring'' (for Warner Bros., released posthumously) highlighted changes that would become significant in the last stage of Evans's career. A greater emphasis was placed on group improvisation and interaction, Evans was reaching new expressive heights in his soloing, and new experiments with harmony and keys were attempted.

Gomez and Zigmund left Evans in 1978. Evans then asked Philly Joe Jones, the drummer he considered his "all-time favorite drummer" and with whom he had recorded his second album in 1957, to fill in. Several bassists were tried, with the remarkable Michael Moore staying the longest. Evans finally settled on Marc Johnson on bass and Joe LaBarbera on drums. This trio was Evans's last. Although they released only one record before Evans's death in 1980 (''The Paris Concert,'' Edition One and Edition Two, 1979), they rivaled (and arguably exceeded) the first trio in their powerful group interactions. Evans stated that this was possibly his best trio, a claim supported by the many recordings that have since surfaced, each documenting the remarkable musical journey of his final year. The Debussy like impressionism of the first trio had given way to a dark and urgent yet undeniably compelling, deeply moving (if not mesmerizing) romantic expressionism.

Evans's Rusyn ancestry is sometimes confused with a "Russian" ethnic background. His music reflects Russian titans like the Rachmaninoffesque pianism of his brooding constructions and the Shostakovich-like "Danse Macabre" modal explorations of "Nardis", the piece he reworked each time it served as the finale of his performances. But the "anticipatory meter" that Evans deliberately perfected with his last trio reflects late Ravel, especially the controversial second half of the French composer's dark and turbulent ''La Valse''. The recording documenting Evans's playing during the week preceding his death is the valedictory "The Last Waltz." Many albums and compilations have been released in recent years, including three multidisc boxed sets: ''Turn Out the Stars'' (Warner Bros.), ''The Last Waltz'', and ''Consecration''. The Warner Bros. set is a selection of material from Evans's final residency at New York's Village Vanguard club, nearly two decades after his classic performances there with the La Faro/Motian trio; the other two are drawn from his performances at San Francisco's Keystone Korner the week before his death. A particularly revealing comparison of early and late Evans (1966, 1980) is a 2007 DVD of two previously unreleased telecasts, ''The Oslo Concerts''.

Death

Evans's drug addiction most likely began during his stint with Miles Davis in the late 1950s. A heroin addict for much of his career, his health was generally poor, and his financial situation worse, for most of the 1960s. By the end of that decade, he appeared to have succeeded in overcoming his addiction to heroin. However, during the 1970s, cocaine use became a serious and ultimately fatal problem for Evans. His body finally gave out in September 1980, when — ravaged by psychoactive drugs, a perforated liver, and a lifelong battle with hepatitis — he died in New York City of a bleeding ulcer, cirrhosis of the liver, and bronchial pneumonia. Evans's friend Gene Lees bleakly summarized Evans's struggle with drugs to Peter Pettinger as "the longest suicide in history". At the time of his death, Evans was residing with his partner Laurie Verchomin, in Fort Lee, New Jersey. Bill Evans is buried at Roselawn Memorial Park and Mausoleum, Baton Rouge, East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana (Section #161, Plot K), next to his brother Harry Evans, who died the previous year. The inscription reads, "William John Evans; August 16, 1929; September 15, 1980".

Legacy

As music critic Richard S. Ginell noted, “With the passage of time, Bill Evans has become an entire school unto himself for pianists and a singular mood unto himself for listeners. There is no more influential jazz-oriented pianist – only McCoy Tyner exerts nearly as much pull among younger players and journeymen – and Evans has left his mark on such noted players as Herbie Hancock, Keith Jarrett, Chick Corea, Brad Mehldau.” Bill Evans's musicianship has been a model for many pianists in various genres. His music displayed a creative mastery of harmony, rhythm, and interpretive jazz conception, fusing elements from jazz, classical, and ethnic music. In his duos and trios, Evans developed in unprecedented ways a unique conception of ensemble performance and a classical sense of form and conceptual scale. His '60s recordings ''Conversations with Myself'' and ''Further Conversations with Myself'' were innovative solo performances involving multiple layers of overdubs recorded in the studio by Evans himself.

Evans's work continues to influence pianists, guitarists, composers, and interpreters of jazz music around the world. Many of his tunes, such as "Waltz for Debby", "Turn Out the Stars," "Very Early," and "Funkallero," have become often-recorded jazz standards. Many tribute recordings featuring his compositions and favorite tunes have been released in the years following his passing (see below) as well as tribute compositions. Pat Metheny's "September 15th" is one such recording. During his lifetime, Evans was honored with 31 Grammy nominations and seven Awards. In 1994, he was posthumously honored with the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

Tribute albums

1981: ''Elegy For Bill Evans'' by Richie Beirach

1986: ''Music of Bill Evans'' by the Kronos Quartet with Eddie Gomez and Jim Hall.

1990: ''Bill Evans'' by Paul Motian

1991: ''Bill Evans: A Tribute'' by Jimmy Rowles, McCoy Tyner, Herbie Hancock, John Lewis, and Dave McKenna (Palo Alto Records)

1992: ''Then Along Came Bill: A Tribute to Bill Evans'' by Sylvia Syms

1993: ''Time Remembered: John Mclaughlin Plays Bill Evans'' by John Mclaughlin

1994: ''Now & Then: A Tribute to Bill Evans'' by Mitchel Forman

1994: ''Your Story: The Music of Bill Evans'' by Howard Alden

1996: ''Turn Out The Stars - The Songs Of Bill Evans'' by Dominic Alldis

1997: ''Conversations with Bill Evans'' by Jean-Yves Thibaudet

1998: ''Evanessence: Tribute to Bill Evans'' by Fred Hersch

1998: ''I Remember Bill: A Tribute to Bill Evans'' by Don Sebesky and Larry Coryell

2000: ''Conviction: Thoughts Of Bill Evans'' by Roseanna Vitro

2000: ''Remembering Bill Evans - A Vocal Tribute'' by Karen Gallinger

2002: ''Homage To Bill Evans And Jim Hall'' by Luigi Tessarollo with Stefano Bollani

2002: ''Play Bill Evans'' by The Danish Radio Jazz Orchestra & Jim McNeely

2003: ''Bill Evans: Tribute to the Great Post-Bop Pianist'' by Paul Motian

2006: ''Paz - Niño Josele and the music of Bill Evans'' by Niño Josele

2006: ''Remembering the Rain: The Music of Bill Evans'' by Stephen D. Anderson

2007: ''Playsong - The Music Of Bill Evans'' by Hilde Hefte

2008: ''Bill Evans Project'' by Riccardo Fioravanti Trio

2008: ''Something for you - Eliane Elias Sings and Plays Bill Evans'' by Eliane Elias

2008: ''We Sing Bill Evans'' by Joan Diaz Trio

2009: ''Bill Evans Compositions Vol. 1 & Vol. 2'' by Stefano Battaglia

Discography

References

Further reading

* *

External links

billevans.net Detailed Discography

Bill Evans entry — Jazz Discography Project

The Bill Evans Webpages

Bill Evans: Time Remembered

The Work of Claus Ogerman — Bill Evans' work with composer/arranger/conductor Claus Ogerman is documented here in a pictorial discography of original albums and compilations, many with explanatory liner notes.

"Remembering Bill Evans" by Ted Gioia, Jazz.com, January, 2008.

Letter From Evans edited by Win Hinkle — newsletter dedicated solely to the music and the life of Bill Evans, published 1989–94. Link is to all issues.

"Bill Evans: Twelve Essential Recordings by Ted Gioia"

Bill Evans A Complete Blog Discography Project

The Bill Evans Memorial Library

Category:Third Stream pianists Category:1929 births Category:1980 deaths Category:Post-bop pianists Category:American jazz pianists Category:Deaths from cirrhosis Category:Cool jazz pianists Category:Hard bop pianists Category:Jazz bandleaders Category:Jazz composers Category:Miles Davis Category:Musicians from New Jersey Category:People from Fort Lee, New Jersey Category:People from North Plainfield, New Jersey Category:People from Plainfield, New Jersey Category:American people of Welsh descent Category:American people of Rusyn descent Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:Verve Records artists Category:Riverside Records artists Category:Milestone Records artists Category:Concord Records artists Category:Fantasy Records artists Category:Warner Bros. Records artists

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Coordinates	55°45′06″N37°37′04″N
name	Marian McPartland
landscape	yes
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Margaret Marian Turner
birth date	March 20, 1918
origin	Slough, England, UK
instrument	Piano
genre	Classical jazzCool jazzBebopMainstream jazzSwing musicPost bopStandards
occupation	PianistRadio hostWriterComposer
years active	1938–present
label	Halcyon RecordsConcord JazzJazz AllianceBainbridge RecordsSavoy RecordsCapitol RecordsRCA Records
associated acts	Jimmy McPartlandHickory House Trio
notable instruments	Baldwin SF10 Artist Grand }}

Margaret Marian McPartland, OBE (née Turner; born March 20, 1918) is an English-born jazz pianist, composer, writer, and the host of ''Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz'' on National Public Radio, NPR.

Early life

Marian Turner was a musical prodigy from the time she could sit at the piano, about the age of three. She studied classical music and the violin, in addition to the piano.

Career

She pursued classical studies at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London. Much to the dismay of her family, she developed a love for American jazz and musicians such as Duke Ellington, Fats Waller, Teddy Wilson, Mary Lou Williams, and many others. In 1938, despite her family's efforts to keep her at Guildhall, Marian left to join Billy Mayerl's Claviers, a four-piano vaudeville act, performing under the stage name of Marian Page. The group toured throughout Europe during World War II, entertaining Allied troops.

While touring with USO shows in Belgium, she met and began performing with Chicago cornetist Jimmy McPartland in 1944. The couple soon married, playing at their own military base wedding in Germany.

After the war, they moved to Chicago to be near Jimmy's family. Then, in 1949, the McPartlands settled in Manhattan, living in an apartment in the same building as the Nordstrom Sisters. With Jimmy's help and encouragement, Marian started her own trio which enjoyed a long residency at a New York City jazz club, the Hickory House, during 1952-1960. The drummer Joe Morello was a member of the group until he departed to join Dave Brubeck's Quartet. She also played at The Embers.

In the 1953-1954 season, McPartland appeared as a regular on NBC's ''Judge for Yourself'' quiz program emceed by Fred Allen, with Dennis James as the announcer.

After many years of recording for labels such as Capitol, Savoy, Argo, Sesac, Time, and Dot, in 1969 she founded her own record label, Halcyon Records, before having a long association with the Concord Jazz label.

Radio career

In 1964, Marian McPartland launched a new venture on WBAI-FM (New York City), conducting a weekly radio program that featured recordings and interviews with guests. Pacifica Radio's West Coast stations also carried this series, which paved the way for ''Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz'', a National Public Radio series that began on June 4, 1978. It is the longest-running cultural program on NPR as well as being one of the longest-running jazz programs ever produced on public radio.

Several programs in the new series, which features McPartland at the keyboard with guest performers (usually pianists), have been released on CD by the Concord Records label. McPartland celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of the NPR series with a live taping at the Kennedy Center for which Peter Cincotti was the guest.

Awards and compositions

Marian was awarded a Grammy in 2004, a Trustees' Lifetime Achievement Award, for her work as an educator, writer, and host of NPR Radio's long-running ''Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz''. Although a master at adapting to her guest's musical styles and having a well-known affinity for beautiful and harmonically-rich ballads, she also has recorded many tunes of her own. Her compositions include "Ambiance", "There'll Be Other Times", "With You In Mind", "Twilight World", and "In the Days of Our Love".

Just before her 90th birthday, she composed and performed a symphonic piece, ''A Portrait of Rachel Carson'' to mark the centennial of the environmental pioneer.

She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2010 New Year Honours.

Musical style

McPartland's encyclopedic knowledge of jazz standards, highly musical ear, involvement in over 60 years of evolving jazz styles, and rich experience blending with radio guests has led to a musical style that has been described as: "flexible and complex, and almost impossible to pigeonhole". She is known as a harmonically and rhythmically complex and inventive improviser: "She was never content to be in one place, and always kept improving. She has great ears and great harmonics. Because of her ear, she can go into two or three different keys in a tune and shift with no problem."

She also is a synesthete, associating different musical keys with colors, stating that: "The key of D is daffodil yellow, B major is maroon, and B flat is blue".

Awards

Honorary degrees

Ithaca College

Hamilton College

Union College

Bates College

Bowling Green University

University of South Carolina

Eastman School of Music

Berklee College of Music

City University of New York

Other awards

''Down Beat'' Lifetime Achievement Award

2007 - National Radio Hall of Fame

2006 - Long Island Music Hall of Fame induction

2004 - Grammy Trustees Award from the Recording Academy

2001 - American Eagle Award from the National Music Council

2001 - Gracie Allen Award from the American Women in Radio and Television

2000 - NEA Jazz Masters Award

2000 - Mary Lou Williams Women in Jazz Award

1991 - ASCAP-Deems Taylor Award

1986 - International Jazz Association of Jazz Education Hall of Fame induction

1983 - Peabody Award

Notes

External links

Marian McPartland's Official Facebook Page

Marian McPartland bio

Piano Jazz: Meet Marian McPartland

Marian McPartland, Grande Dame of 'Piano Jazz'

NPR's version of Marian McPartland's biography

"Marian McPartland Plays Ornette Coleman (and Everything Else!") by Ted Gioia, Jazz.com.

"Interview with Marian McPartland" by Arnold Jay Smith, Jazz.com.

"Marian McPartland, Jazz Pianist: An Overview Of A Musical Career"

"ETV Radio celebrates 90th birthday of jazz legend Marian McPartland"

Category:1918 births Category:Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama Category:Bebop pianists Category:Bowling Green State University alumni Category:British expatriates in the United States Category:British jazz pianists Category:Capitol Records artists Category:Concord Records artists Category:Cool jazz pianists Category:Dot Records artists Category:Guggenheim Fellows Category:Living people Category:Mainstream jazz pianists Category:National Public Radio personalities Category:National Radio Hall of Fame inductees Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire Category:People from Slough Category:People with synesthesia Category:Post-bop pianists Category:Savoy Records artists Category:Swing pianists Category:Women in jazz

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