Crocheted footbag

A footbag is both a small, round bag, and the term for the various sports played with one – characterized by controlling the bag by using one's feet. Although often referred to generically as a Hacky Sack, that is the trademarked name of one specific brand.

Footbag-like activities have existed for many years. There are documented examples like Wu Style Tai Chi Chuan practice^[1] and policemen are seen playing it using a shuttlecock in the 1955 movie To Catch a Thief, but the current Western incarnation of the sport was invented in 1972 by Mike Marshall and John Stalberger of Oregon City, Oregon^[2] with the Hacky Sack, the rights to which are now owned by Wham-O.

Equipment[link]

For circle kicking, it is very common to use a crocheted footbag, which is usually filled with plastic beads. Casually, footbags are often differentiated as normal (indicating a plastic-pellet filling), or as "dirt bags" or "sand hacks" (indicating a sand filling). Sand hacks are typically considered ideal among casual, beginning, or intermediate players, who use them as a learning tool, as they are easier to control and stall than a crocheted bag filled with plastic pellets.

In the freestyle footbag discipline, a 32 panel bag is the generally accepted standard (the number of panels on commercially available bags can range from 2 to 120 panels). Most professional stitchers use some combination of Plastic Poly Pellets, BB's, steel shot, lead shot, seed bead or even tungsten shot. Bags usually weigh between 40 and 65 grams, depending on the type of filler and amount of filler used. 32 panel bags do not stall as easily as a "dirt bag" or "sand hack," but set truer from the foot, allowing for more complex tricks. Professional footbags are usually made out of the fabrics ultrasuede light, facile, or amaretta. While these bags can last a long time with proper care, they are quite fragile relative to their more common crocheted cousins.

The footbag net discipline uses a distinct bag, characterized by a harder outer surface than other footbags. These bags are not suitable for freestyle, and vice versa.

There are also several novelty products available, including glow in the dark, chain mail, and even flame retardant bags that can be set on fire and played with. The fire footbag has been banned in South Australia.^[3]

A popular variation of Footbag Lacing, as used by some footbag freestyle players

Shoes[link]

Most advanced freestylers wear Adidas Rod Laver tennis shoes, Adidas Clima Cool 1s or lowtop Reebok G-Unit G6s while playing.^{[citation needed]}

The quantum shoe made by planetfootbag is the first shoe designed specifically for freestyle footbag and requires no modifications.

Shoe modification[link]

Several shoe modifications are common in freestyle footbag.

In order to make toe stalling easier, many players use special lacing patterns that pull apart the sides of the shoe near the toe area, creating a broad, rimmed platform. Modified lacing is augmented by cutting away the stitching that joins the row of eyelets to the toe. The area that is created by completing these modifications is called a toe box.

Shoes can be further modified for freestyle footbag by removing layers of fabric from the inside, outside, and toe surfaces.^[4] These modifications are advantageous because they allow players to more accurately feel the bag on their foot.

World champion 2011 Jan Weber performing freestyle move called PS Whirl

Freestyle footbag[link]

Freestyle footbag is a sport in which the object is to perform tricks with the bag. The ending position of the footbag on one trick becomes the starting position of the footbag on the next trick. Tricks are created by combining different components between contacts with the bag (contacts can be either stalls or kicks, though stalls are more frequent). Components can be spins, dexterities (using a leg to circle or cross the footbag's path in mid-air), or ducks (letting the footbag pass a few inches above the neck). Contacts are usually on the inside of the foot behind the opposite support leg (Clipper Stall) or on the toe, however many inventive possibilities remain and are used to create an endless list of tricks. A partial list of freestyle footbag tricks can be found at the official Footbag WorldWide Information Service.^[5]

Various styles have developed as the sport has become more popular. Players can choreograph routines to music, alone or in pairs, executing difficult moves in sync with the music—the result is something like a cross between rhythmic gymnastics and figure skating.^[6]

There is an annual footbag world championships held each year. The current freestyle world champion in singles category is Jan Weber, of Czech Republic, in doubles category the world champions are Tomas Tucek and Martin Sladek, of Czech Republic.^[7]

Eric Wulff executing a Roll spike at the 2008 Green Cup, San Francisco

Footbag net[link]

In footbag net, players (either playing individually or with a partner) volley a footbag back and forth over a five-foot-high net. This game combines elements of tennis, badminton, and volleyball. The court dimensions and layout are similar to those of badminton; the scoring is similar to the old scoring system in volleyball (a player must be serving to score); and serves must be diagonal, as in tennis. Footbag net games can be played to 11 or 15 points, although the winners must win by at least two points. Rallies in footbag net look a lot like volleyball (e.g., bump, set, and spike), with players spiking from an inverted position in mid-air (over the net) and opponents often digging very fast spikes into bumps or sets. Play in footbag net is very similar to Sepak Takraw. However, in footbag net, it is an "upper-body foul" if the footbag touches any part of a player's body above the shin.

Circle kicking[link]

Circle kicking is the most common game played with a footbag, and is often what people mean when they use the term "hacky sack". Players stand in a circle and keep the bag moving around the circle, with the goal of keeping the bag from touching the ground. There are a variety of terms used by different groups of players to note when the footbag has been touched by every member of the circle.

Video of four players circle kicking

Circle kick is generally accompanied by an unwritten set of etiquette guidelines designed to keep the game fun, friendly, and open to everyone including new players. The most basic rule is to respect all other players. Some other general guidelines include picking up the footbag after you drop it or kick it away, rather than having someone else retrieve it; not serving the footbag to yourself; not spitting in the circle; and not hogging the footbag (often called jestering, or the player may be called a hack-hog) and making sure to pass the bag to players who have not gotten it recently. Most circles are very open to new players and will not ostracize anyone for being less coordinated or well practiced than the rest. Some circles have an unwritten rule that there is no apologizing when a person drops the footbag. This guideline is designed to keep the new players from feeling as if it is their fault that the game is slow, and it keeps the experienced players from having to constantly reassure the new players that it is not their fault. Variations on circle kicking are numerous and spontaneously created.

Footbag games[link]

Basse is an old Norwegian foot bag game reminiscent of bag ball, where a player defends their circle. Usually there are five to six players - where everyone plays against everyone. The aim of the game is for a player to defend their own field whilst attempting to land the Basse inside the field of an opponent. There are World Cup rules, Series Games and Cup Games.

Buce is a game in which players in a team must juggle the footbag across a field to the opponent's half and score a goal, by kicking the footbag into a small, cylindrical container, usually a bin or pot plant.^[8] The sport was invented in Australia in 2007^[9] and is played there with two annual national competitions.

Knockout is a game that can be played with any number of players, in which players are eliminated by failure to hit the hack. The hack is passed around randomly to any player, and the goal is to keep it going indefinitely; if the hack lands on the ground near another player who could have hit it (within 2 feet of him/her), that player is eliminated for the failure. If the hack lands drastically out of range of any player, then the player who kicked it out of bounds is eliminated. Some groups can apply a more strict rule where, when the hack drops, any player who lifts their foot off the ground in an attempt to kick it is eliminated.

Horse is a game that can be played with any number of players and is a great way to improve one's freestyle. One of the players performs any freestyle move he/she chooses, then passes it on to the next player who then attempts to perform the same move. If he/she performs the move correctly then that player performs a different move of their choice, and then passes it on. If he/she fails to do the move then they get a letter "H"(if they miss again on the next round they get an "O") and passes it on to the next player who chooses a new trick. Once a player spells the word "Horse" they are out.

Kick Back is a game at which a player can kick the footbag against the backstop of a handball court, alone or with others. It needs a very firm footbag to bounce back. A simple score can be kept or not.

Numbers is a game in which players form a circle and the person who starts kicks the hack once. Then the second person kicks it twice and so on and so forth. If the hack touches the ground before the player achieves his/her number the player gets one chance to start where he/she left off. If the player does not achieve his/her number he/she passes the footbag on to the next player, and if he/she achieves that number the previous player is out.

Number Catch is a game where any number of players (best played with 3 or 4) have to alternate turns hitting the footbag as many times as possible and must catch it for the points to count if the bag is dropped the player must subtract the points from his/her score. This game may be played to a certain score or a certain time to get as many points as possible.

Footbag world records[link]

The Guinness Book of World Records has recognized footbag consecutives world records since the 1980s. There are several categories of records, all variants of the "consecutives" discipline. The current records are listed below.

• Men's Singles footbag
  • Ted Martin
  • Total kicks: 69,812
  • Total time: 7 hrs. 38 min. 22 sec.
  • Date of record: November 15, 1995
  • Official event: Classic Footbag 1995 (Chicago, Illinois, USA)

• Men's Doubles Footbag consecutive
  • Ros Stevenson/Oliver Dobson
  • Total kicks: 96,564
  • Total time: 10 hrs. 43 min. 22 sec.
  • Date of record: December 19, 2011
  • Official event: York Foot Basher Festival (York, London, England)

• Women's doubles footbag consecutive
  • Constance Constable/Tricia George
  • Total kicks: 34,543
  • Total time: 5 hrs. 38 min. 22 sec.
  • Date of record: February 18, 1995
  • Official event: Heart of Footbag Freestyle Tournament (Portland, Oregon, USA)

• Open doubles footbag consecutive
  • Tricia George/Gary Lautt
  • Total kicks: 132,011 (previously 123,456)
  • Total time: 20 hrs. 34 min.
  • Date of record: March 21 & 22, 1998
  • Official event: Chico, California, USA

• Open doubles timed ten-minute one pass
  • Tricia George/Paul Vorvick
  • 1,415 kicks in ten minutes
  • Date of record: August 5, 2006
  • Official event: Fun in the Park, Wilsonville, Oregon

• Women's singles consecutive
  • Constance Constable
  • Total kicks: 24,713
  • Total time: 4 hrs. 9 min. 27 secs.
  • Date of record: April 18, 1998
  • Official event: California Athletic Club (Monterey, California, USA)

• Open Singles Consecutive
  • Ted Martin
  • Total kicks: 63,326
  • Total time: 8 hrs. 50 min. 42 sec.
  • Date of record: June 14, 1997
  • Official event: 1997 Midwest Regionals (Chicago, Illinois, USA)

• Open five-minute timed consecutive
  • Andy Linder
  • Total kicks in 5 minutes: 1019
  • Date of record: June 7, 1996
  • Official event: Midwest Regional Footbag Championships (Mt. Prospect, Illinois, USA)

• Women's five-minute timed consecutive
  • Ida Fogle
  • Total kicks in 5 minutes: 804
  • Date of record: August 11, 1997
  • Official event: 1997 World Footbag Championships (Portland, Oregon, USA)

• Largest footbag circle
  • Andy Linder and 945 of his friends
  • Total players: 946
  • Date of record: July 6, 2001
  • Official event: Cornerstone Festival (Bushnell, Illinois, USA)

• Men's Doubles Footbag- Synchronised
  • Kerno Wag and Glenn Chodson
  • Total kicks: 4276
  • Date of record: January, 2012
  • Official event: Canadian "Be Happy!" Happy-Sack Fiesta (Montreal, Canada)

There is also an unofficial records list for consecutive individual freestyle moves.^[10]

Current footbag champions[link]

Freestyle:

• Open Singles Freestyle - Jan Weber (Czech Republic)
• Open Doubles Freestyle - Martin Sladek (Czech Republic) and Tomas Tucek (Czech Republic)
• Mixed Doubles Freestyle - Tomasz Ostrowski (Poland) and Malgorzata Nycz (Poland)
• Women Singles Freestyle - Jana Sassakova (Czech Republic)
• Open Circle Contest - Milan Benda (Czech Republic)
• Open Shred 30 - Jan Weber (Czech Republic)

Net

• Open Singles Net - Tuomas Kärki (Finland)
• Open Doubles Net - Emmanuel Bouchard (Canada) and Florian Goetze (Germany)
• Women Singles Net - Geneviève Bousquet (Canada)
• Women Doubles Net - Julie Symons (USA) and Jodie Welch (USA)
• Mixed Doubles Net - Jody Welch (USA) and PT Lovern (USA)

See also[link]

• Bean bag
• Chinlone
• Footvolley           
• Jianzi
• Kemari
• Keepie Uppie
• Sepak takraw
• Sipa

References[link]

Notes

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2007)

External links[link]

• Footbag WorldWide - non-profit information service for the sport of footbag
• World Footbag Association - founded in May 1983 as the sport's promotional arm and official players' organization
• Shred Global - freestyle footbag webpage and blog
• The Green Cup, annual footbag tournament
• Footbag Belarus
• modified.in - footbag forum
• HonzaWeber.com - Official webstite of the World Footbag Champion 2011 - Jan Honza Weber