Sir Ronald Harwood CBE (born 9 November 1934) is an author, playwright and screenwriter. He is most noted for his plays for the British stage as well as the screenplays for The Dresser (for which he was nominated for an Oscar) and The Pianist, for which he won the 2003 Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He was nominated for the Best Adapted Screenplay Oscar for The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (2007).

Early life and career[link]

Harwood was born Ronald Horwitz in Cape Town, South Africa, the son of Isobel (née Pepper) and Isaac Horwitz.^[1] Harwood moved from Cape Town to London in 1951 to pursue a career in the theatre. He changed his name from Horwitz after an English master told him it was too foreign and too Jewish for a stage actor.^[2] After training for the stage at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, he joined the Shakespeare Company of Sir Donald Wolfit. From 1953 to 1958, Harwood was Sir Donald's personal dresser. He would later draw on this experience when he wrote the stage play, The Dresser, and the biography, Sir Donald Wolfit CBE: His life and work in the Unfashionable Theatre. In 1959, after leaving the Wolfit company. he joined the 59 Theatre Company for a season at the Lyric Hammersmith.

In 1960, Harwood began a career as a writer and published his first novel, All the Same Shadows in 1961, the screenplay, Private Potter in 1962, and the produced stage play, March Hares in 1964. Harwood continued at a prolific pace penning more than 21 stage plays, and 10 books. He also created more than 16 screen plays, but seldom wrote original material directly for the screen, usually acting as an adapter, sometimes of his own work (notably The Dresser).

One of the recurring themes in Harwood's work is his fascination for the stage, its performing artists and artisans as displayed in The Dresser, his plays, After the Lions (about Sarah Bernhardt), Another Time (a semi-autobiographical piece about a gifted South African pianist), Quartet (about ageing opera singers) and his non-fiction book All the World's a Stage, a general history of theatre.

Harwood also has a strong interest in the Nazi period, especially the situation of individuals who either voluntarily collaborated with the Nazis or, alternatively, who faced strong pressure to do so and had, in each case, to work out their own personal combination of resistance, deception and compromise. His work focusing on this period includes the films Operation Daybreak (covering the assassination by the Czechoslovakian Resistance of Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich), The Statement (a fictionalized account of the post-War life-on-the-run of French collaborator Paul Touvier), The Pianist (an adaptation of the autobiography of the Jewish-Polish musician Władysław Szpilman covering his survival during the Nazi occupation of Poland), the play later adapted to film Taking Sides (focused on the post-War "de-Nazification" investigation of the German conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler), the play Collaboration (about the composer Richard Strauss and his partnership with the Jewish writer Stefan Zweig), and the play An English Tragedy (dealing with the British fascist John Amery).^[3][4]

Harwood also wrote the screenplay for the films, The Browning Version (1994) with Albert Finney, Being Julia (2004) with Annette Bening and Jeremy Irons, and Roman Polanski's version of Oliver Twist (2005) with Ben Kingsley.

He won an Academy Award for the script of The Pianist, having already been nominated for The Dresser in 1983. Harwood received his third Oscar nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay in 2007 for his adaptation of the memoir by Jean-Dominique Bauby, The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, for which he also won a BAFTA and the Prix Jacques Prevert Du Scenario, 2008, for Best Adaptation. In 2008. Harwood was awarded the Humanitas Award in recognition of The Diving Bell and the Butterfly.

Recognition[link]

Harwood was president of the English PEN Club from 1989 to 1993, and of International PEN from 1993 to 1997. He was Chairman of the Royal Society of Literature (2001 to 2004) and is President of the Royal Literary Fund (2005). He was made Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1974, Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters (1996) and Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1999. In 2003 he was elected a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in the Department of Language and Literature. He was made Doctor of Letters, Keele University (2002),^[5] Doctor Honoris Causa, National Academy for Theatre & Film Arts, Sofia (2007), Honorary Fellow, Central School of Speech and Drama (2007) and Honorary Fellow, University of Chichester (2009). Harwood was knighted in the 2010 Birthday Honours.^[6][7] He has been the Chairman of the Yvonne Arnaud Theatre, Guildford since 2008.

Personal life[link]

He attended the Seapoint Boys’ High School in that area of Cape Town. He moved to England in 1951. In 1959, he married Natasha Riehle.^[8] The actor Sir Antony Sher is his cousin. On the 12th of June 2010, he received a knighthood for services to theatre. He is the brother of South African dance critic Eve Borland.^[9]

Bibliography[link]

Stage plays[link]

• March Hares (Liverpool, 1964)
• Country Matters (69 Theatre Company, Manchester, 1969)
• The Good Companions (musical by André Previn and Johnny Mercer), libretto (Her Majesty's Theatre, 1974)
• The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold, adapted from Evelyn Waugh's novel (Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester and the Round House, London, 1977,
• A Family (Manchester and the Theatre Royal, Haymarket, 1978)
• The Dresser (The Royal Exchange Manchester and Queen's Theatre, 1980; Duke of York's Theatre, 2005)^[10]
• After the Lions (Manchester, 1982)
• Tramway Road (Lyric Hammersmith,1984)
• The Deliberate Death of a Polish Priest (Almeida Theatre, 1985)
• Interpreters (Queen's Theatre, 1985)
• J J Farr (Theatre Royal, Bath and Phoenix Theatre, 1987)
• Ivanov, translation of Chekhov's play (Strand Theatre,1989)
• Another Time (Bath and Wyndham's Theatre,1989)
• Reflected Glory (Darlington and Vaudeville Theatre, 1992)
• Poison Pen, about the death of composer Peter Warlock (Manchester, 1993))
• Taking Sides, about the conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler (Minerva Theatre, Chichester,1995 and 2008; Duchess Theatre, 2009)
• The Handyman (Minerva Theatre, Chichester, 1996)
• Quartet (Albery Theatre, 1999)
• Goodbye Kiss/Guests, double bill about the South African diaspora (Orange Tree Theatre, 2000)
• Mahler's Conversion (Yvonne Arnaud Theatre, Guildford and Aldwych Theatre, 2001)
• See U Next Tuesday, adaptation of Francis Veber's Diner de Cons (Gate Theatre, Dublin, 2002 and Albery Theatre, 2003)
• An English Tragedy, based on the true story of the British fascist John Amery (Palace Theatre Watford, 2008)
• Collaboration, based on the relationship between the composer Richard Strauss and the writer Stefan Zweig (Minerva Theatre, Chichester, 2008; Duchess Theatre, 2009)

Screenplays[link]

• Private Potter (1962)
• A High Wind in Jamaica (1965)
• Diamonds for Breakfast (1968)
• Eyewitness (1970)
• One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1971)
• Operation Daybreak (1975)
• The Dresser (1983) (also producer)
• The Doctor and the Devils (1985) (from a script by Dylan Thomas)
• The Browning Version (1994)
• Cry, the Beloved Country (1995)
• Taking Sides (2001)
• The Pianist (2002)
• The Statement (2003)
• Being Julia (2004)
• Oliver Twist (2005)
• Love in the Time of Cholera (2007)
• The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (2007)
• Australia (2008)

Books and published works[link]

• All the Same Shadows (novel) Cape (1961)
• George Washington September Sir! (novel) Avon (1961)
• The Guilt Merchants (novel) Cape (1963)
• The Girl in Melanie Klein (novel) Secker & Warburg (1969)
• Sir Donald Wolfit: His Life and Work in the Unfashionable Theatre (biography) Secker & Warburg (1971) ISBN 0-436-19121-0)
• Articles of Faith (novel - Winifred Holtby Prize) Secker & Warburg (1973) ISBN 0-436-19122-9
• The Genoa Ferry (novel) Secker & Warburg (1976) ISBN 0-436-19123-7
• César and Augusta (novel about the composer César Franck) Secker & Warburg (1978) ISBN 0-436-19119-9
• One. Interior. Day. Adventures in the Film Trade, Secker & Warburg (1978) ISBN 0-436-19124-5
• New Stories 3: An Arts Council Anthology (with Francis King) Hutchinson (1978) ISBN 0-09-133271-0
• The Dresser (play) Grove Press (1981) ISBN 0-394-17936-6
• A Night at the Theatre (editor), Methuen (1982) ISBN 0-413-49950-2
• The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold (play) Amber Lane (1983) ISBN 0-906399-42-4
• After the Lions (play) Amber Lane (1983) ISBN 0-906399-41-6
• All the World's a Stage (theatre history), Secker & Warburg (1984) ISBN 0-436-19132-6
• The Ages of Gielgud, an Actor at Eighty, Hodder & Stoughton (1984) ISBN 0-340-34828-3
• Tramway Road (play) Amber Lane (1984) ISBN 0-906399-58-0
• The Deliberate Death of a Polish Priest (play) Amber Lane (1985) ISBN 0-906399-63-7
• Interpreters (play) Amber Lane (1986) ISBN 0-906399-67-X
• Mandela (a Channel Four book), Boxtree (1987) ISBN 1-85283-204-5
• Dear Alec: Guinness at 75 (editor), Hodder & Stoughton (1989) ISBN 0-340-49954-0
• Another Time (play) Amber Lane (1989) ISBN 0-906399-98-X
• Reflected Glory (play) Faber (1992) ISBN 0-571-16463-3
• The Collected Plays of Ronald Harwood, Faber (1993) ISBN 0-571-17001-3
• The Faber Book of the Theatre (editor) Faber (1994) ISBN 0-571-16481-1
• Harwood Plays: Two (Contemporary Classics), Faber (1995) ISBN 90-01-87742-7
• The Handyman (play) Faber (1997) ISBN 0-571-19041-3
• Quartet/Equally Divided (plays) Faber (1999) ISBN 0-571-20092-3)
• Mahler's Conversion (play) Faber (2001) ISBN 978-0-571-21231-6
• The Pianist/Taking Sides (screenplays) Faber (2003) ISBN 0-571-21281-6
• An English Tragedy (play) Faber (2006) ISBN 0-571-23328-7
• Ronald Harwood's Adaptations: From Other Works Into Films, Guerilla Books (2007) ISBN 978-0-9554943-0-7

See also[link]

• List of Jews from Sub-Saharan Africa
• List of British Jews
• List of South Africans

Further reading[link]

• Who's Who in the Theatre 17th edition, Gale (1981) ISBN 0-8103-0235-7
• HaIliwell's Who's Who in the Movies, 4th edition, HarperCollins (2006) ISBN 0-00-716957-4
• Theatre Record and its annual Indexes
• The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English, Oxford (1996) ISBN 0-19-212271-1

References[link]

External links[link]

• http://www.spectator.co.uk/the-magazine/features/22859/in-praise-of-the-patriotic-playwright.thtml
• Ronald Harwood at the Internet Movie Database
• Ronald Harwood at the Internet Broadway Database
• AUSTRALIA: a baz luhrmann film
• Sir Ronald Harwood: Screenwriting Lecture part of the BAFTA Screenwriters on Screenwriting series.