A teleprompter (also known as an autocue or telescript) is a display device that prompts the person speaking with an electronic visual text of a speech or script. Using a teleprompter is similar to the practice of using cue cards. The screen is in front of and usually below the camera lens of a professional video camera, and the words on the screen are reflected to the eyes of the presenter using a sheet of clear glass or specially prepared beam splitter. Light from the performer passes through the front side of the glass into the lens, while a shroud surrounding the lens and the back side of the glass prevents unwanted light from reflecting into the lens.
As the speaker does not need to look down to consult written notes, he or she appears to have memorized the speech or be speaking spontaneously, and will look directly into the camera lens. Cue cards, on the other hand, will always be placed away from the lens axis, making the speaker look at a point beside the camera, which leaves an impression of distraction.
The first personal computer–based teleprompter, Compu=Prompt, appeared in 1982. It was invented and marketed by Courtney M. Goodin and Laurence B. Abrams in Hollywood, California. The custom software and specially-redesigned camera hardware ran on the Atari 800 Personal Computer, which featured liquid smooth hardware-assisted scrolling. Their company later became ProPrompt, Inc., which is still providing teleprompting services over 28 years later. Other paper-based teleprompting companies – Electronic Script Prompting, QTV and Telescript – followed suit and developed their own software several years later, when computers with enough graphics power to provide the smooth scrolling text became available. In January 2010 Compu=Prompt received a Technology and Engineering Emmy Award for "Pioneering Development in Electronic Prompting".
Jess Oppenheimer, producer-head writer of I Love Lucy, claimed credit for the original concept of the "in-the-lens" teleprompter and was awarded U.S. patents for its creation. First used by Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz in 1953 to read commercials on-camera, it soon became a staple for television news.
As late as 1992, The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson was still using an early mechanical teleprompter.
In the mid-1990s, QTV (a US-based company, now part of the Autocue Group) pioneered use of TFT-LCD monitors with its award-winning "FDP-9", rather than the traditional CRTs. This enabled significantly less weight on the camera and improved portability. They also were first to introduce high-brightness monitors, enabling prompters to be used in direct sunlight. In 2001, QTV pioneered voice controlled prompting. However, in 2005, Autoscript improved upon the concept and introduced Voice Activated Prompting. With its partner Sysmedia, Autoscript developed a prompter that required no peripheral to control the scroll of the prompter. The voice-activated prompter simply scrolled at the speed of the presenter's speech.
The word teleprompter, with no capitalization, had become a genericized trademark, because it is used to refer to similar systems manufactured by many different companies. The United States Patent Office does not have any live trademarks registered for the word "teleprompter", but this does not rule out the possibility of a company enforcing the trademark without registering it. Some other common generic terms for this type of device include:
With the development of small, cheap teleprompter software applications, many different disciplines are now using simple desktop applications to help them deliver sermons, deliver speeches, and create quality audios. Unlike their big brothers, these small applications work on a desktop or laptop computer, enabling the speaker to control the rate and flow of his speech. They are also used by many different organizations and schools to deliver prewritten information by relative novices. They are usually called "personal teleprompters."
Category:Television technology Category:Film and video technology Category:Television terminology
ar:شاشة القراءة ca:Teleprompter da:Teleprompter de:Prompter es:Teleprompter eo:Tele-sufloro fa:اتوکیو fr:Prompteur id:Teleprompter it:Teleprompter he:טלפרומפטר ml:ഓട്ടോക്യൂ nl:Autocue ja:プロンプター (電気機器) no:Autocue pl:Prompter pt:Teleprompter ru:Телесуфлёр sv:TeleprompterThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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