JSTOR (short for Journal Storage) is an online system for archiving academic journals, founded in 1995. It provides its member institutions full-text searches of digitized back issues of several hundred well-known journals, dating back to 1665 in the case of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Membership in JSTOR is held by 7,000 institutions in 159 countries.

JSTOR was originally funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, but is now an independent, self-sustaining not-for-profit organization with offices in New York City and Ann Arbor, Michigan. In January 2009 JSTOR merged with ITHAKA becoming part of that organization.^[2] The latter is a non-profit organization founded in 2003 "dedicated to helping the academic community take full advantage of rapidly advancing information and networking technologies."^[1]

History[link]

JSTOR was originally conceived as a solution to one of the problems faced by libraries, especially research and university libraries, due to the increasing number of academic journals in existence. The founder, William G. Bowen, was the president of Princeton University from 1972 to 1988.^[3] Most libraries found it prohibitively expensive in terms of cost and space to maintain a comprehensive collection of journals. By digitizing many journal titles, JSTOR allowed libraries to outsource the storage of these journals with the confidence that they would remain available for the long term. Online access and full-text search ability improved access dramatically. JSTOR originally encompassed ten economics and history journals and was initiated in 1995 at seven different library sites. As of November 2010^[update], there were 6,425 participating libraries.^[4] JSTOR access was improved based on feedback from these sites and it became a fully searchable index accessible from any ordinary Web browser. Special software was put in place to make pictures and graphs clear and readable.^[5]

With the success of this limited project, Bowen and Kevin Guthrie, then-president of JSTOR, were interested in expanding the number of participating journals. They met with representatives of the Royal Society of London, and an agreement was made to digitize the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society back to its beginning in 1665. The work of adding these volumes to JSTOR was completed by December 2000.^[5] As of November 2, 2010 (2010 -11-02)^[update], the database contained 1,289 journal titles in 20 collections representing 53 disciplines, and 303,294 individual journal issues, totaling over 38 million pages of text.^[4]

Usage and contents[link]

JSTOR is licensed mainly to libraries, universities, and publishers. Individual subscriptions are also available to certain journal titles through the journal publisher.

As of November 2010^[update], JSTOR material is provided by 692 publishers. More than 90 million searches of the archives were performed between January 1 and July 12, 2010.^[4] In addition to its use as an archive for individual journals, JSTOR has also been used as a resource for linguistics research to investigate trends in language use over time.^[6]

The availability of nearly all journals on JSTOR is controlled by a "moving wall", which is an agreed-upon delay between the current volume of the journal and the latest volume available on JSTOR. This time period is specified by agreement between JSTOR and the publisher and is usually 3–5 years. Publishers can request that the period of a "moving wall" be changed or request discontinuation of coverage. Formerly publishers could also request that the "moving wall" be changed to a "fixed wall" – a specified date after which JSTOR would not add new volumes to its database. As of November 2010^[update], "fixed wall" agreements were still in effect with three publishers of 29 journals made available online through sites controlled by the publishers.^[7]

In addition to the main site, JSTOR's labs group operates an open service that allows access to the contents of the archives for the purposes of corpus analysis at its Data for Research service.^[8] This site offers a search facility with graphical indication of the article coverage and loose integration into the main JSTOR site. Users can create focused sets of articles and then request a dataset containing word and n-gram frequencies and basic metadata. They are notified when the dataset is ready and can download it in either XML or CSV formats. The service does not offer full-text, though academics can request that from JSTOR subject to a non-disclosure agreement.

JSTOR Plant Science^[9] is available in addition to the main site. JSTOR Plant Science provides access to content such as plant type specimens, taxonomic structures, scientific literature, and related materials and aimed at those researching, teaching or studying botany, biology, ecology, environmental and conservation studies. The materials on JSTOR Plant Science are contributed through the Global Plants Initiative (GPI)^[10] and are accessible only to JSTOR and GPI members. Two partner networks are contributing to this: the African Plants Initiative which focuses on plants from Africa and the Latin American Plants Initiative which contributes plants from Latin America.

Register and Read: Limited free access in 2012[link]

In January 2012 JSTOR announced "Register and Read," a beta experiment. It will give at no charge limited access to all the articles in 70 journals that account for 18% of user demand. Registered guests will be able to read (but not download) three articles every two weeks.^[11]

Books[link]

In 2011 JSTOR announced the Books at JSTOR initiative, to be launched in the northern spring of 2012, of putting current and backlist books on line. Nine university presses are cooperating. The plan is to enable links to reviews and cited journal articles.^[12]

Controversy[link]

On July 19, 2011, internet activist Aaron Swartz was charged with data theft in relation to an alleged theft of academic journal articles from JSTOR.^[13] According to the indictment against him, Swartz surreptitiously attached a laptop to MIT's computer network, which allowed him to "rapidly download an extraordinary volume of articles from JSTOR".^[14] Prosecutors in the case say Swartz acted with the intention of making the papers available on P2P file-sharing sites.^[15] Swartz surrendered to authorities, pleaded not guilty to all counts and was released on $100,000 bail. Prosecution of the case is ongoing.^[16]

Two days later, on July 21, Greg Maxwell published a torrent file of a 32GB archive of 18,592 academic papers from JSTOR's Royal Society collection, via The Pirate Bay, in protest against Swartz' prosecution.^[17][18]

On September 7, JSTOR announced that they are releasing the public domain content of their archives (about 6% of the total) to the public.^[19] According to JSTOR, they have been working on making those archives public for some time, and the recent controversy made them "press ahead" with this initiative.^[19]

See also[link]

• List of academic databases and search engines
• Aluka
• ARTstor
• ArXiv
• Digital preservation
• Project MUSE

References[link]

Further reading[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Participating Institutions
• List of journals available on JSTOR

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (September 2011)

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Jodie Marsh
Born	Jodie Louise Marsh (1978-12-23) 23 December 1978 (age 33)[1] South Weald, Brentwood, Essex, England
Ethnicity	British
Height	5 ft 2 in (1.57 m)[citation needed]
Spouse	Matt Peacock (2007, divorced)[citation needed]

Jodie Marsh (born 23 December 1978^[1]) is an English media personality, bodybuilder and glamour model. She has appeared topless in some tabloid newspapers and has appeared (clothed) in her own reality show, Totally Jodie Marsh.

Early life[link]

Jodie Louise Marsh's^[2] parents are John and Kristina^[3] and she was born in Brentwood, Essex.^[2] Her father runs a building contractors company, and she was educated at the independent Brentwood School.^[4] She has a brother, Jordan.^[5] She first came to prominence in the reality TV programme Essex Wives in 2002.^{[citation needed]}

Modelling career[link]

At the beginning of her career, Marsh often posed for magazines such as FHM, Loaded, Nuts and Zoo.^{[citation needed]}

Marsh was a page 3 girl for The Sun on six occasions.^{[6][dead link]} She also appeared in photo shoots for the newspapers The Daily Sport, Daily Star and News of the World.^{[citation needed]}

In June 2009, Marsh appeared on the cover of Zoo,^[7] In November 2010, she appeared on a special edition double cover for the magazine.^[8]

In April 2011, Marsh completed another photoshoot for the same magazine; she appeared on the cover of the magazine for a special 3-D edition of the weekly.^[9]

Television, film, and voice appearances[link]

Marsh has also taken part in many reality television shows, including Trust Me - I'm A Holiday Rep, Channel 4's The Games, E4's Fool around...with Jodie Marsh on two occasions,^[10] as a house guest in the short lived Five series Back to Reality as well as starring in and winning Channel 4's popular show Come Dine With Me.^[11]

Jodie appeared on, and won, a celebrity version of The Weakest Link in 2006.^[12] Marsh had a cameo role in the first episode of Channel 4's Friday night comedy showThe Kevin Bishop Show.^[13]

After competing in Celebrity Big Brother, Marsh appeared on several of the spin off shows including: Big Brother's Little Brother, Big Brother's Big Mouth and Big Brother's EForum.^[14]

In its second UK series, Marsh showed viewers around her home on MTV's Cribs in 2008.^[15] Also in 2008, Marsh appeared on Channel 4's documentary It's Me or the Dog. She was given training tips at home to deal with her four dogs.^[16]

Marsh appeared as a contestant in Channel Five's reality show The All Star Talent Show, hosted by Myleene Klass and Andi Peters.^[17] Following this, Marsh began presenting her own television series, Get A Life for Living TV on 1 March 2007. It was cancelled after two episodes, due to poor viewing figures.^[18]

In October 2008, she appeared on the first episode of London Ink' on TV channel Discovery Real Time.^[19] The following year, Marsh appeared on the popular BBC Three show Snog Marry Avoid?, hosted by Jenny Frost. Marsh came face to face with the computer overhaul device named POD where she received a make-under.

On 11 November 2009 she made a cameo appearance in the first episode of The Kevin Bishop Show as herself.

In April 2010, Marsh made her third appearance on The Podge and Rodge Show in Dublin, Ireland.^[14]

On 14 September 2010, Marsh appeared on Channel 4's Celebrity edition of Come Dine With Me. She won £1,000 for her charity.^[20]

On 29 September 2010, Marsh appeared in the one-off documentary Jodie Marsh Tattoo Apprentice which was screened on the channel DMAX.^[21]

Marsh appeared as a guest on Channel 5's Big Brother spin off show Big Brother's Bit on the Side in August 2011.^[22]

On 25 January 2012, Marsh appeared on Channel 5's Bullied: My Secret Past. She spoke of the effect bullying had on her and how it has made her who she is today. She also met other victims of bullying.

[edit] Celebrity Big Brother

In January 2006, Marsh appeared on Celebrity Big Brother in the UK. On 13 January, Marsh was first to be voted out of the Big Brother house — with 8 out of 10 possible nominations from her fellow housemates, and 42% of the public vote.^[23]

[edit] Totally Jodie Marsh

In May 2007, the website Marry Me Jodie Marsh was launched with the teaser "I'm getting married this September... Only problem is that I don't have a man!". Men were invited to submit an application for a series of open auditions for the chance to marry Marsh that September. MTV filmed the search and subsequent wedding.^[24]

The reality series featuring Marsh entitled Totally Jodie Marsh: Who'll Take Her Up the Aisle?, premiered in July 2007 documenting Marsh's search to find a husband.^[25] Marsh eventually chose Matt Peacock, an ex-boyfriend of fellow glamour model Jordan.^[26]

In the final episode of the show, MTV executives confronted Marsh and Peacock with taped footage of Peacock's audition claiming he and Marsh had been dating for months and living together for three months, contrary to the show's claims. After the MTV executives left the room, Peacock accused Marsh of lying to MTV.^[27]

The couple married on 1 September 2007 at Sugar Hut, a nightclub in Brentwood, Essex. A second ceremony in her mother’s back garden was shown on MTV on 2 September 2007.^[28] It was later revealed that Marsh had the wedding paid for by sponsors who believed that the wedding was genuine.^[29] The couple split up in December 2007.^[30] Marsh later admitted to Love It in their 8 January 2008 issue that ".. the marriage was for TV. It was never for real" and "I'm not hiding the fact I did the TV show for money. Of course I did".^[31]

Bodybuilding[link]

In 2009, Marsh became interested in bodybuilding and developed a muscular physique working under a personal trainer.^[32]

At the end of January 2010, Marsh was featured on LA Muscle TV in an hour long show called 6 pack in 4 weeks. Jodie's work on the show, resulted in a photoshoot for Muscle and Fitness magazine.^[33]

In October 2011, Marsh entered the Natural Physique Association Bodybuilding Championships in Sheffield where she placed 5th overall.^[34]

Writing[link]

In 2005, Marsh published her autobiography Keeping It Real.^[35] The hardback was released in 2005, followed by a paperback version in 2006. The hardback version reached the top 10 on the best-sellers list.^[36]

Marsh wrote a weekly column for celebrity gossip magazine Sneak until its closure in August 2006^{[citation needed]} and was previously Zoo Weekly magazine's "sexpert", advising men on sex-related issues. Her choice as an agony aunt angered some established professionals. She defended herself against these claims stating, "I haven't exactly got a degree in psychology, but I just love sex, don't I?"^[37]

Personal life[link]

In December 2006, Marsh announced her engagement to Brentwood DJ David Doyle, after dating for 11 days.^[38] Eschewing the traditional engagement ring, Marsh instead tattooed Doyle's full name on her hand and the couple appeared together in OK! magazine announcing their plan to marry in a fetish ceremony in a dungeon.^[39] The relationship ended between late December and mid-January 2007 with Doyle blaming Marsh's constant drinking and poor personal hygiene.^[40] Marsh, however, claimed Doyle had been unfaithful.^[41]

Briefly in 2008, Marsh reportedly dated a woman, known as Nina, a hairdresser.^[42] In the November issue of the UK edition of Star magazine, Marsh gave a full interview about their relationship and recreated the iconic Vanity Fair front cover depicting Cindy Crawford shaving k.d. lang.

She is a vegetarian and she participated at the Peta campaign "All animals have the same parts".^[43]

Marsh works with the Essex Air Ambulance Flight for Life campaign and created a 2012 calendar with the charity.^[44]

Other controversy[link]

In 2004, Marsh sold a story to the News of the World claiming that she had a sexual liaison with Chelsea F.C. midfielder Frank Lampard. Lampard denied the claims and filed a complaint with the Press Complaints Commission.^[45]

On 24 March 2006, Liberal Democrats education spokesman Phil Willis questioned Schools Minister Jacqui Smith in Parliament as to whether Marsh should be permitted access to schools in promoting her BeatBullying work, describing her blog as "the language of an appalling bully". Smith responded that, "Jodie Marsh does not represent the Department for Education and Skills in any way. Decisions about giving people access to pupils in schools are a matter for individual head teachers and governing bodies."^[46] Marsh described Willis as "just a sad, past-it old wannabe trying to get famous off my back." Willis later told the Daily Mail, "I just think we are descending really to the lowest common denominator when we are actually putting people on a pedestal like Jodie Marsh to send into our schools. I think we could find better role models."^[46]

On 11 August 2006, Marsh was booed by spectators at the annual Jersey Battle of Flowers Parade where she was a celebrity guest. The combined fee for Marsh and the parade's other celebrity guest, Andy Abraham, was estimated as £20,000. It has been suggested that this expense and the quality of the celebrity it bought contributed to the negative reception, but it was also noted a very small minority of people that were involved in the booing.^[47]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Jodie Marsh at the Internet Movie Database
• Jodie Marsh at Playboy UK
• Jodie Marsh . Net

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (April 2011)

Klemen Klemen is a Slovenian rap music artist.^[1] He started rapping when he was 13, first in English, and later he started writing lyrics in his native language. He first gained recognition at 19, when he appeared on Ali-en's song V mestu nekaj dogaja. In 2000 he was signed by Nika Records, and released the rap album - Trnow Stajl. In 2003, he released his second album called Hipnoza (Hypnosis).

References[link]

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