A spice is a dried seed, fruit, root, bark, or vegetative substance primarily used for flavoring, coloring or preserving food. Sometimes a spice is used to hide other flavors.

Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are parts of leafy green plants also used for flavoring or as garnish.

Many spices have antimicrobial properties. This may explain why spices are more commonly used in warmer climates, which have more infectious disease, and why use of spices is especially prominent in meat, which is particularly susceptible to spoiling.

A spice may have an extra use, usually medicinal, religious ritual, cosmetics or perfume production, or as a vegetable. For example, turmeric roots are consumed as a vegetable and garlic as an antibiotic.

Classification and types[link]

Culinary herbs and spices[link]

Botanical basis[link]

Dried fruits or seeds, such as fennel, mustard, and black pepper.

Arils, such as mace.

Barks, such as cinnamon and cassia.

Dried flower buds, such as cloves.

Stigmas, such as saffron.

Roots and rhizomes, such as turmeric, ginger and galingale.

Resins, such as asafoetida.

Common spice mixtures[link]

Advieh (Iran)

Baharat (Arab world, and the Middle East in general)

Berbere (Ethiopia and Eritrea)

Chaat masala (India and Pakistan)

Chili powder

Curry powder

Five-spice powder (China)

Garam masala (South Asia)

Harissa (North Africa)

Hawaij (Yemen)

Jerk spice (Jamaica)

Khmeli suneli (Georgia, former U.S.S.R.)

Masala (a generic name for any blend of spices used in South Asia)

Mixed spice (United Kingdom)

Old Bay Seasoning (United States)

Panch phoron (India and Bangladesh)

Pumpkin pie spice (United States)

Quatre épices (France)

Ras el hanout (North Africa)

Shichimi togarashi (Japan)

Vegeta (Croatia)

Za'atar (Middle East)

History [link]

Early history [link]

Humans were using spices in 50,000 BCE. The spice trade developed throughout the Middle East in around 2000 BCE with cinnamon and pepper, and in East Asia with herbs and pepper. The Egyptians used herbs for embalming and their need for exotic herbs helped stimulate world trade. The word ''spice'' comes from the Old French word ''espice'', which became ''epice'', and which came from the Latin root ''spec'', the noun referring to "appearance, sort, kind": ''species'' has the same root. By 1000 BCE, medical systems based upon herbs could be found in China, Korea, and India. Early uses were connected with magic, medicine, religion, tradition, and preservation.

Archaeological excavations have uncovered clove burnt onto the floor of a kitchen, dated to 1700 BCE, at the Mesopotamian site of Terqa, in modern-day Syria. The ancient Indian epic Ramayana mentions cloves. The Romans had cloves in the 1st century CE, as Pliny the Elder wrote about them.

In the story of Genesis, Joseph was sold into slavery by his brothers to spice merchants. In the biblical poem Song of Solomon, the male speaker compares his beloved to many forms of spices. Generally, early Egyptian, Chinese, Indian, and Mesopotamian sources do not refer to known spices.

In South Asia, nutmeg, which originates from the Banda Islands in the Molukas, has a Sanskrit name. Sanskrit is the ancient language of India, showing how old the usage of this spice is in this region. Historians believe that nutmeg was introduced to Europe in the 6th century BCE.

Indonesian merchants traveled around China, India, the Middle East, and the east coast of Africa. Arab merchants facilitated the routes through the Middle East and India. This resulted in the Egyptian port city of Alexandria being the main trading center for spices. The most important discovery prior to the European spice trade were the monsoon winds (40 CE). Sailing from Eastern spice growers to Western European consumers gradually replaced the land-locked spice routes once facilitated by the Middle East Arab caravans.

Middle Ages[link]

Spices were among the most demanded and expensive products available in Europe in the Middle Ages, the most common being black pepper, cinnamon (and the cheaper alternative cassia), cumin, nutmeg, ginger and cloves. Given the medieval medicine's main theory of humorism, spices and herbs were indispensable to balance "humors" in food, a daily basis for good health at a time of recurrent pandemics.

Spices were all imported from plantations in Asia and Africa, which made them expensive. From the 8th until the 15th century, the Republic of Venice had the monopoly on spice trade with the Middle East, and along with it the neighboring Italian city-states. The trade made the region rich. It has been estimated that around 1,000 tons of pepper and 1,000 tons of the other common spices were imported into Western Europe each year during the Late Middle Ages. The value of these goods was the equivalent of a yearly supply of grain for 1.5 million people. The most exclusive was saffron, used as much for its vivid yellow-red color as for its flavor. Spices that have now fallen into obscurity in European cuisine include grains of paradise, a relative of cardamom which most replaced pepper in late medieval north French cooking, long pepper, mace, spikenard, galangal and cubeb.

Early modern period[link]

The control of trade routes and the spice-producing regions were the main reasons that Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama sailed to India in 1499. Spain and Portugal were not happy to pay the high price that Venice demanded for spices. At around the same time, Christopher Columbus returned from the New World, he described to investors new spices available there.

Another source of competition in the spice trade during the fifteenth and sixteenth century was the Ragusans from the maritime republic of Dubrovnik in southern Croatia.

The military prowess of Afonso de Albuquerque (1453–1515) allowed the Portuguese to take control of the sea routes to India. In 1506, he took the island of Socotra in the mouth of the Red Sea and, in 1507, Ormuz in the Persian Gulf. Since becoming the viceroy of the Indies, he took Goa in India in 1510, and Malacca on the Malay peninsula in 1511. The Portuguese could now trade directly with Siam, China, and the Moluccas. The Silk Road complemented the Portuguese sea routes, and brought the treasures of the Orient to Europe via Lisbon, including many spices.

With the discovery of the New World came new spices, including allspice, bell and chili peppers, vanilla, and chocolate. This development kept the spice trade, with America as a late comer with its new seasonings, profitable well into the 19th century.

In the Caribbean, the island of Grenada is well known for growing and exporting a number of spices, including the nutmeg, which was introduced to Grenada by the settlers.

Handling spices[link]

A spice may be available in several forms: fresh, whole dried, or pre-ground dried. Generally, spices are dried. A whole dried spice has the longest shelf life, so it can be purchased and stored in larger amounts, making it cheaper on a per-serving basis. Some spices are rarely available either fresh or whole, for example turmeric, and must be purchased in ground form. Small seeds, such as fennel and mustard seeds, are used both whole and in powder form.

The flavor of a spice is derived in part from compounds that oxidize or evaporate when exposed to air. Grinding a spice greatly increases its surface area and so increases the rates of oxidation and evaporation. Thus, flavor is maximized by storing a spice whole and grinding when needed. The shelf life of a whole spice is roughly two years; of a ground spice roughly six months. The "flavor life" of a ground spice can be much shorter. Ground spices are better stored away from light.

To grind a whole spice, the classic tool is mortar and pestle. Less labor-intensive tools are more common now: a microplane or fine grater can be used to grind small amounts; a coffee grinder is useful for larger amounts. A frequently used spice such as black pepper may merit storage in its own hand grinder or mill.

Some flavor elements in spices are soluble in water; many are soluble in oil or fat. As a general rule, the flavors from a spice take time to infuse into the food so spices are added early in preparation.

Production[link]

{| style="border: 1px solid rgb(153,153,153); padding: 2px;" |- | colspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#dfd;"| Production in tonnes. Figures 2009-2010 Researched by FAOSTAT (FAO) |- style="text-align:right;" |align="left"| ||1,100,000||70 % |- style="text-align:right; padding:2px;" |align="left"| ||140,113||9 % |- style="text-align:right; padding:2px;" |align="left"| ||87,028||5.7 % |- style="text-align:right; padding:2px;" |align="left"| ||85,987||5.5 % |- style="text-align:right; padding:2px;" |align="left"| ||45,473||3 % |- style="text-align:right; padding:2px;" |align="left"| Total||1,588,807||100 % |}

Standardization [link]

The International Organization for Standardization addresses spices and condiments, along with related food additives, as part of the International Classification for Standards 67.220 series.

Research[link]

The Indian Institute of Spices Research in Kozhikode, Kerala, is devoted exclusively to researching all aspects of spice crops: black pepper, cardamom, ginger, turmeric, cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, garcinia, vanilla, etc.

See also[link]

Condiment

List of herbs and spices

List of Indian spices

Spice trade

Notes[link]

Sources[link]

Further reading[link]

Books

Corn, Charles. ''Scents of Eden: A History of the Spice Trade''. New York: Kodansha, 1999.

:*

Dalby, Andrew. ''Dangerous Tastes: The Story of Spices''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.

Freedman, Paul. ''Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination''. New Haven: Yale UP, 2008.

Keay, John. ''The Spice Route: A Histor''y. Berkeley: U of California P, 2006.

Krondl, Michael. ''The Taste of Conquest: The Rise and Fall of the Three Great Cities of Spice''. New York: Ballantine Books, 2007.

Miller, J. Innes. ''The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire''. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1969.

Morton, Timothy. ''Poetics of Spice: Romantic Consumerism and the Exotic''. Cambridge UP, 2000.

Articles

External links[link]

Pungency of spices

*

ar:بهارات ay:Manq'a sumachiri az:Sous bn:সস be:Смакавыя дабаўкі bg:Подправка bs:Začin br:Spis (temz) ca:Espècia cs:Koření cy:Sbeis da:Krydderi de:Gewürz et:Vürtsid el:Μπαχαρικό es:Especia eo:Spico eu:Espezia fa:ادویه fr:Épice gd:Spìosradh gl:Especia ko:향신료 hi:मसाला hr:Začin io:Spico id:Rempah-rempah is:Krydd it:Spezia (alimento) he:תבלין jv:Rempah-rempah ht:Zepis ku:Biharat lv:Garšviela lb:Gewierzer lt:Prieskonis hu:Fűszer mr:मसाला arz:ليستة التوابل ms:Rempah nl:Specerij ja:香辛料 no:Krydder nn:Krydder nrm:Êpice oc:Espècia (cosina) pl:Przyprawa pt:Especiaria ro:Condiment qu:Q'apachana ru:Пряности sah:Тума se:Máistagat sa:गन्धद्रव्याणि scn:Sarsa simple:Spice sk:Korenina sl:Začimba sr:Зачин fi:Mauste sv:Krydda tl:Pampalasa ta:மசாலாப் பொருள் te:MasAla dinusulu th:เครื่องเทศ tr:Baharat uk:Спеції vi:Gia vị bat-smg:Mėrkals zh:香辛料

"The Man" is a slang phrase that may refer to the government or to some other authority in a position of power. In addition to this derogatory connotation, it may also serve as a term of respect and praise.

The phrase "the Man is keeping me down" is commonly used to describe oppression. The phrase "stick it to the Man" encourages resistance to authority, and essentially means "fight back" or "resist", either openly or via sabotage.

History[link]

The earliest recorded use of the term "the Man" in the American sense dates back to a letter written by a young Alexander Hamilton in September 1772, when he was 15. In a letter to his father James Hamilton, published in the Royal Dutch-American Gazette, he described the response of the Dutch governor of St. Croix to a hurricane that raked that island on August 31, 1772. "Our General has issued several very salutary and humane regulations and both in his publick and private measures, has shewn himself the Man." In the Southern U.S. states, the phrase came to be applied to any man or any group in a position of authority, or to authority in the abstract. From about the 1950s the phrase was also an underworld code word for police, the warden of a prison or other law enforcement or penal authorities.

It was also used as a term for a drug dealer in the 1950s and 1960s and can be seen in such media as Curtis Mayfield's "No Thing On Me", William Burroughs's novel ''Naked Lunch'', and in the Velvet Underground song "I'm Waiting for the Man", in which Lou Reed sings about going to Uptown Manhattan, specifically Lexington Avenue and 125th Street, to buy heroin.

The use of this term was expanded to counterculture groups and their battles against authority, such as the Yippies, which, according to a May 19, 1969 article in ''U.S. News and World Report'', had the "avowed aim ... to destroy 'The Man', their term for the present system of government". The term eventually found its way into humorous usage, such as in a December 1979 motorcycle ad from the magazine ''Easyriders'' which featured the tagline, "California residents: Add 6% sales tax for The Man."

In present day, the phrase has been popularized in commercials and cinema, featuring particularly prominently as a recurring motif in the 2003 film School of Rock.

Use as praise[link]

The term has also been used as an approbation or form of praise. This may refer to the recipient's status as the leader or authority within a particular context, or it might be assumed to be a shortened form of a phrase like "He is the man (who is in charge)." One example of this usage dates to 1879 when Otto von Bismarck commented, referring to Benjamin Disraeli's pre-eminent position at the Congress of Berlin, "The old Jew, he is the man."

In more modern usage, it can be a superlative compliment ("you da man!") indicating that the subject is currently standing out amongst his peers even though they have no special designation or rank, such as a basketball player who is performing better than the other players on the court. It can also be used as a genuine compliment with an implied, slightly exaggerated or sarcastic tone, usually indicating that the person has indeed impressed the speaker but by doing something relatively trivial.

See also[link]

Absentee landlord

Big Brother (''Nineteen Eighty-Four'')

New World Order (conspiracy theory)

Ruling class

The Establishment

Power elite

Corrections officer

YTMND

Notes[link]

References[link]

Lighter, J.E. (Ed.). (1997). ''Random House Dictionary of American Slang''. New York: Random House.

Category:Slang expressions Category:Stock characters Category:English idioms Category:Pejorative terms for people Category:Military-industrial complex

de:The Man (Begriff)

birth date	June 22, 1958
birth place	Royal Oak, Michigan, U.S.
birth name	Bruce Lorne Campbell
occupation	Actor, author, producer, writer, director
years active	1976-Present
website	bruce-campbell.com
spouse	| }}

}} Bruce Lorne Campbell (born June 22, 1958) is an American film and television actor. As a cult movie actor, Campbell starred as Ashley J. "Ash" Williams in Sam Raimi's ''Evil Dead'' series of films and he has starred in many low-budget cult films such as ''Crimewave'', ''Maniac Cop'', ''Bubba Ho-tep'', ''Escape From L.A.'' and ''Sundown: The Vampire in Retreat''. He would later spoof his B-movie career in ''My Name Is Bruce'', in which he starred and directed. He has since made appearances in films including ''Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs'' and ''Cars 2''.

In television, Campbell is known for his lead role in ''The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.'', his portrayal of Autolycus (the King of Thieves) in ''Hercules: The Legendary Journeys'' and ''Xena: Warrior Princess'', and notably for his role as Sam Axe on the USA Network series ''Burn Notice''.

Personal life[link]

Campbell was born in Royal Oak, Michigan, the son of Joanne Louise (née Pickens), a homemaker, and Charles Newton Campbell, an amateur actor and traveling billboard inspector. Bruce Campbell is of Scottish descent. He has an older brother, Don, and an older half-brother, Michael Rendine.

Campbell's first wife was Christine Deveau, whom he married in 1983. They had two children, Rebecca and Andy, before their divorce in 1989. Campbell currently lives in Jacksonville, Oregon, with his second wife, costume designer Ida Gearon, whom he met on the set of the movie ''Mindwarp''.

Campbell is left-handed.

Life and career[link]

Early years[link]

Bruce Campbell began acting as a teenager and soon began making short Super 8 movies with friends. After meeting Sam Raimi in Wylie E. Groves High School, the two became very good friends and started making movies together. Campbell would go on to attend Western Michigan University while he continued to work on his acting career. Campbell and Raimi collaborated on a 30-minute Super 8 version of the first ''Evil Dead'' film, titled ''Within the Woods'', which was initially used to attract investors.

Major film roles[link]

A few years later, Campbell and Raimi got together with family and friends and began work on ''The Evil Dead''. Campbell starred and worked behind the camera, receiving a "co-executive producer" credit. Raimi wrote, directed and edited, while fellow Michigander Rob Tapert was producer. Following an endorsement by horror writer Stephen King, the film slowly began to receive distribution. Four years following its original release, it became the number one movie in the UK. It then received distribution in the U.S., spawning two sequels: ''Evil Dead II'' and ''Army of Darkness''. Campbell's role as Ashley J. "Ash" Williams has since become iconic. The first two films in the series are considered horror classics and are credited with spawning the "horror comedy" genre.

He was also drawn in the Marvel Zombie comics as his character, Ash Williams. He is featured in 5 comics, all in the series ''Marvel Zombies vs. Army of Darkness''. In the comics he fights along side the Marvel heroes against the heroes and people who have turned into zombies (deadites) while in search of the Necronomicon (Book of the Dead).

He has appeared in many of Raimi's films outside of the ''Evil Dead'' series, notably cameo roles in the ''Spider-Man'' film series. Bruce Campbell also joined the cast in Raimi's ''Darkman'' and ''The Quick and the Dead'', though having no actual screen time in the latter film's theatrical cut.

Campbell often takes on quirky roles, such as Elvis Presley in the film ''Bubba Ho-tep'', and appears in B-Movies and starred in ''My Name Is Bruce''. Along with ''Bubba Ho-tep'', he also played a supporting role in ''Sky High'', He also was featured in the Jim Carrey drama ''The Majestic''. Campbell also had a key supporting role in the Coen Brothers film ''The Hudsucker Proxy''.

Other roles for Campbell included the Michael Crichton adaptation ''Congo'', the film version of ''McHale's Navy'', and ''Escape From L.A.'', the sequel to John Carpenter's ''Escape From New York''. Campbell was also the star of the ''Maniac Cop'' B-movie series.

Campbell had a starring voice role in the hit films 2009 animated adaptation of the children's book ''Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs'', and ''Cars 2''.

In January 2010, he stated in an interview that his new film project is called ''Bruce vs. Frankenstein''. The film is directed and produced by his friend Mike Richardson.

On July 13, 2011, Campbell announced that he would be producing the remake of ''The Evil Dead'' along with Sam Raimi and Rob Tapert. Campbell will not act in the movie as Ash, but may still make some sort of appearance in the film.

Television roles[link]

Outside of film, Campbell has appeared in a number of television series. He starred in ''The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.'' a boisterous science fiction comedy western created by Jeffrey Boam and Carlton Cuse that ran for one season. He played a lawyer turned bounty hunter who was trying to hunt down John Bly, the man who killed his father. He starred in the television series ''Jack of All Trades'', set on a fictional island, occupied by the French in 1801. Campbell was also credited as co-executive producer, among others. The show was directed by Eric Gruendemann, and was produced by various people, including Sam Raimi. The show aired for two seasons, from 2000 to 2001. He had a recurring role as "Bill Church Jr." on ''Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman''.

In 1996–1997, Campbell was a recurring guest star on the show ''Ellen'' as Ed Billik, who becomes Ellen's boss when she sells her bookstore in season four. He is also known for his supporting role as the recurring character Autolycus ("the King of Thieves") on both ''Hercules: The Legendary Journeys'' and ''Xena: Warrior Princess'', which reunited him with producer Rob Tapert. Campbell played ''Hercules''/''Xena'' series producer Tapert in two episodes of ''Hercules'' set in the present. He directed a number of episodes of ''Hercules'' and ''Xena'', including the ''Hercules'' series finale. Campbell also landed the lead role of race car driver Hank Cooper in the Disney made-for-television remake of ''The Love Bug''.

Campbell made a critically acclaimed dramatic guest role as a grief-stricken detective seeking revenge for his father's murder in a two-part episode of the fourth season of ''Homicide: Life on the Street''. Campbell later played the part of a bigamous demon in ''The X-Files'' episode, "Terms of Endearment". He also starred as Agent Jackman in the episode "Witch Way Now?" of the WB series ''Charmed'', as well as playing an FBI agent in an episode of the short-lived series ''American Gothic'' titled "Meet the Beetles".

Campbell co-stars on the television series ''Burn Notice'', which has aired since 2007 on USA Network. He portrays Sam Axe, a beer-chugging, womanizing former Navy SEAL now working as an unlicensed private investigator and occasional mercenary with his old friend Michael Westen, the show's main character. When working under cover, he frequently goes by the alias Chuck Finley. During Comic-Con 2010, it was revealed that Campbell would be the star of a ''Burn Notice'' made-for-television prequel focusing on Sam's Navy SEAL career, titled ''Burn Notice: The Fall of Sam Axe''. The movie was first aired on April 17, 2011.

Voice acting[link]

Campbell is featured as a voice actor in several video game titles. He provides the voice of Ash in the three games based on the ''Evil Dead'' film series: ''Evil Dead: Hail to the King'', ''Evil Dead: A Fistful of Boomstick'' and ''Evil Dead: Regeneration''. As well as titles such as ''Pitfall 3D: Beyond the Jungle'', ''Spider-Man: The Movie'', ''Spider-Man 2'' and ''Spider-Man 3''.

He provided the voice of main character Jake Logan in the PC title, ''Tachyon: The Fringe'', the voice of main character Jake Burton in the PlayStation game ''Broken Helix'' and the voice of Magnanimous in ''Megas XLR''. Campbell voiced the pulp adventurer Lobster Johnson in ''Hellboy: The Science of Evil'' and has done voice-over work for the Codemaster's game ''Hei$t'', a game which was announced on the 28 January 2010 to have been "terminated". He also provided the voice of The Mayor in the 2009 film ''Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs'', and the voice of Rod "Torque" Redline in ''Cars 2''.

Writing[link]

In addition to acting and occasionally directing, Campbell has become a writer, including authoring an autobiography, ''If Chins Could Kill: Confessions of a B Movie Actor''. The autobiography was a successful ''New York Times'' Best Seller. The paperback version of the book adds a chapter about the reaction of fans at book signings.

"Whenever I do mainstream stuff, I think they're pseudo-interested, but they're still interested in seeing weirdo, offbeat stuff. And that's what I'm attracted to."

''If Chins Could Kill...'' was published in 2002 and follows Campbell's career to date as an actor in low-budget films and television, providing his insight into "Blue-Collar Hollywood".

Campbell has also written a book titled ''Make Love! The Bruce Campbell Way'', a comical novel featuring himself as the main character struggling to make it into the world of A-list movies. He later recorded an audio play adaptation of ''Make Love'' with fellow Michigan actors including long time collaborator Ted Raimi. This radio drama styled interpretation of the novel was released through independent label Rykodisc and spans 6 discs with a 6 hour running time.

In addition to his novels, Campbell also wrote a column for ''X Ray Magazine'' in 2001, an issue of the popular comic series ''The Hire'', comic book adaptations of his ''Man With The Screaming Brain'' and most recently he wrote the introduction to Josh Becker's ''The Complete Guide To Low Budget Feature Film Making''.

Campbell maintained a blog on his official website, where he posts mainly about politics and the film industry.

Filmography[link]

Films[link]

Year	Film	Role	Director	Notes
1977	''It's Murder!''	Cop on Bicycle
1978	''Within the Woods''
				Short film
Cinematographer only
1981		Ashley J. "Ash" Williams	Sam Raimi
1982	''Cleveland Smith: Bounty Hunter''	Cleveland Smith	Josh Becker	Short film
1983		Brice Chapman	Ron Teachworth
	''Crimewave''	Renaldo 'The Heel'	Sam Raimi
''Stryker's War''	Video newscaster	Josh Becker	Also writer
1987	''Evil Dead II''		Sam Raimi
1988	''Maniac Cop''	Jack Forrest	William Lustig
		Officer Howard	Scott Spiegel
''Moontrap''	Ray Tanner	Robert Dyke
''The Dead Next Door''	Voice	J.R. Bookwalter
	''Sundown: The Vampire in Retreat''	Robert Van Helsing	Anthony Hickox
''Maniac Cop 2''	Jack Forrest	William Lustig
''Darkman''	Final Shemp	Sam Raimi
1991	''Lunatics: A Love Story''	Ray	Josh Becker
	''Eddie Presley''	Asylum Attendant	Jeff Burr
''Waxwork II: Lost in Time''	John Loftmore	Anthony Hickox
	Stover	Steve Barnett
''Army of Darkness''		Sam Raimi
1994	''The Hudsucker Proxy''	Smitty
		Charles Travis
''The Demolitionist''	Raffle Winner	Robert Kurtzman
		Soap Opera Actor
''Tornado!''	Jake Thorne	Noel Nosseck	Television film
''Escape from L.A.''	Surgeon General of Beverly Hills	John Carpenter
''Assault on Dome 4''	Alex Windham	Gilbert Po	Television film
	''In the Line of Duty: Blaze of Glory''	Jeff Erickson	Dick Lowry
''Menno's Mind''	Mick Dourif, Rebel Leader	Jon Kroll
	Carl	Josh Becker
	Virgil	Bryan Spicer
	Hank Cooper	Peyton Reed
''Goldrush: A Real Life Alaskan Adventure''	Pierce Thomas 'PT' Madison	John Power
1998	''The Ice Rink''	Actor	Jean-Philippe Toussaint
	''From Dusk till Dawn 2: Texas Blood Money''	Barry	Scott Spiegel
	Party Bartender	Bruce Beresford	Cameo
	''Icebreaker''	Carl Greig	David Giancola
	William Roberts	Robert Dyke
	''Hubert's Brain''	Thompson	Phil Alden Robinson	Voice
	Roland the Intrepid Explorer	Frank Darabont
		Ring Announcer	Sam Raimi	Cameo
''Bubba Ho-tep''	Elvis Presley	Don Coscarelli
''Serving Sara''	Gordon Moore	Reginald Hudlin
''Terminal Invasion''	Jack	Sean S. Cunningham	Television film
	''Drugs''	Bruce	Chad Peter	Direct-to-video
''Intolerable Cruelty''	Soap opera actor on TV	rowspan=2
		Humane Society Worker
''Comic Book: The Movie''	Himself	Mark Hamill
''Spider-Man 2''	Snooty Usher	Sam Raimi	Cameo
	''Alien Apocalypse''	Dr. Ivan Hood	Josh Becker	Television film
''Man with the Screaming Brain''	William Cole	Bruce Campbell
	Coach Boomer
		Joe Fasulo	Lucky McKee
''Touch the Top of the World''	Ed Weihenmayer	Peter Winther	Television film
	Fugax	John A. Davis
	''Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters''	Chicken Bittle	Matt Maiellaro, Dave Willis
''Spider-Man 3''	Maître d’	Sam Raimi	Cameo
''My Name is Bruce''
		Mayor Shelbourne	Phil Lord and Chris Miller
''White on Rice''	Muramoto	Dave Boyle
	''Burn Notice: The Fall of Sam Axe''	Sam Axe	Jeffrey Donovan	Television film
''Cars 2''	Rod "Torque" Redline	John Lasseter, Brad Lewis	Voice
	''Oz: The Great and Powerful''		Sam Raimi
TBA			Possible upcoming role

TV series[link]

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Title ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes |- |1987 |''Knots Landing'' |Joel Benson |9.07 "Say Uncle" |- |1989 |''Generations'' |Alan Stuart | |- |1993 |''The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.'' |Brisco County Jr. |Series Lead (1993–1994) |- |rowspan="3" | 1995 |''Hercules: The Legendary Journeys'' |Autolycus |1995–1999 |- |''Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman'' |Bill Church Jr. |2.20 "Individual Responsibility"; 2.21 "Whine, Whine, Whine"; 3.01 "We Have a Lot to Talk About" |- |''American Gothic'' |Lt. Drey |1.07 "Meet the Beetles" |- |rowspan="3" | 1996 |''Ellen'' |Ed Billik |7 episodes (1996–1997) |- |''Xena: Warrior Princess'' |Autolycus |1996–1999 |- |''Homicide: Life on the Street'' |Jake Rodzinsky |4.13, 4.14 "Justice Parts 1 & 2" |- |1997 |''Weird Science'' |Gene the Genie |5.11 "I Dream of Gene" |- |rowspan="2" | 1998 |''Hercules: The Legendary Journeys'' |Rob Tapert |4.15 "Yes, Virginia, There Is a Hercules" |- |''Timecop'' |Agent Tommy Maddox |1.09 "The Future, Jack, the Future" |- |rowspan="2" | 1999 |''The X Files'' |Wayne Weinsider |6.07 "Terms of Endearment" |- |''Hercules: The Legendary Journeys'' |Rob Tapert |5.09 "For Those of You Just Joining Us.." |- |2000 |''Jack of All Trades'' |Jack Stiles / Daring Dragoon |Series Lead (2000–2001) |- |rowspan="2" | 2001 |''Beggars and Choosers'' |Jack |2.20 "The Long Goodbye" |- |''The Legend of Tarzan'' |Max Liebling |1.28 "Tarzan and One Punch Mullargan" |- |2002 |''Charmed'' |FBI Agent Jackman |4.22 "Witch Way Now?" |- |rowspan="2" | 2003 |''Duck Dodgers'' |Pork Piggler |1.06 "K-9 Kaddy/Pig of Action" |- |''My Life as a Teenage Robot'' |Himcules |1.11 "Daydream Believer/This Time with Feeling" |- |2004 |''Megas XLR'' |Magnanimous |1.03 "Battle Royale"; 2.02 "The Return" |- |rowspan="2" | 2006 |''Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!'' |Captain Shuggazoom |4.49 "Golden Age" |- |''The Replacements'' |Phil Mygrave |5 episodes (2006–2009) |- |2007 |''Burn Notice'' |Sam Axe |A Main Character (2007–Present) |}

See also[link]

''If Chins Could Kill: Confessions of a B Movie Actor'' (ISBN 0-312-24264-6),

''Make Love! The Bruce Campbell Way'' (ISBN 0-312-31260-1)

References[link]

External links[link]

Salon Interviews Bruce Campbell

"Not My Job" Bruce Campbell appears on Wait Wait, Don't Tell Me

Category:1958 births Category:1950s births Category:American video game actors Category:Actors from Michigan Category:American film actors Category:American television actors Category:American voice actors Category:American people of Scottish descent Category:Living people Category:People from Jacksonville, Oregon Category:People from Royal Oak, Michigan Category:Western Michigan University alumni Category:American SubGenii

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