Federal Bureau of Investigation
Common name	Federal Bureau of Investigation
Abbreviation	FBI
Seal of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
agency information Motto Fidelity, Bravery, Integrity Agency overview Formed July 26, 1908 (1908-07-26) (103 years ago) Employees 35,664[1] (February 29, 2012) Annual budget 7.9 billion USD (2011)[1] Legal personality Governmental: Government agency Jurisdictional structure Federal agency (Operations jurisdiction) United States Legal jurisdiction As per operations jurisdiction. Governing body United States Department of Justice Constituting instrument United States Code Title 28 Part II Chapter 33 General nature Federal law enforcement Civilian agency Operational structure Headquarters J. Edgar Hoover Building, Washington, D.C. Sworn members 13,963 (May 31, 2011)[1] Unsworn members 21,474 (May 31, 2011)[1] Agency executives Robert S. Mueller III, Director Sean M. Joyce, Deputy Director List of FBI Directors, Other directors Child agencies FBI Academy FBI Laboratory Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG) Counterterrorism Division (CTD) FBI Police (FBIP) Major units 5 Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU) Law Enforcement Bulletin Unit (LEBU) Hostage Rescue Team (FBI) (HRT) Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) FBI Police National Security Branch (NSB) Field offices 56 (List of FBI Field Offices) Notables People John Edgar Hoover, Director, for being the founding director William Mark Felt, former Federal Agent, for whistle blowing, Watergate scandal Joseph Leo Gormley, Forensic Scientist, for expert testimony Significant Operations COINTELPRO Special Intelligence Service Website www.FBI.gov view talk edit this information

National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is an incident-based reporting system used by law enforcement agencies in the United States for collecting and reporting data on crimes. Local, state and federal agencies generate NIBRS data from their records management systems. Data is collected on every incident and arrest in the Group A offense category. These Group A offenses are 46 specific crimes grouped in 22 offense categories. Specific facts about these offenses are gathered and reported in the NIBRS system. In addition to the Group A offenses, eleven Group B offenses are reported with only the arrest information.

History[link]

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) began in the late 1920s when the Committee on Uniform Crime Records, established by the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) in 1927, published the first version of the Uniform Crime Reporting Handbook. With this initiative, the Uniform Crime Reports program began under the jurisdiction of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Over the years, the uniforme crime report developed into a broad utility for summary-based reporting of crimes. By the late 1970s, the law enforcement community saw the need for a more detailed crime reporting program that would meet the needs of law enforcement agencies in the 21st century.

Testing for the new NIBRS system began in South Carolina. The new system was approved for general use at a national UCR conference in March, 1988.

Similarities and differences between UCR and NIBRS[link]

The general concepts, such as jurisdictional rules, of collecting and reporting UCR data are the same as in NIBRs. However, NIBRs goes into much greater detail than the summary-based UCR system. NIBRs includes 46 Group A offenses whereas UCR only has eight offenses classified as Part I offenses.

In NIBRs, the definition of rape has been expanded to include male victims. UCR defines rape as "the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will". Sex attacks against males are to be classified as either assaults or "other sex offenses", depending on the nature of the crime and the extent of the injury.

UCR does not differentiate between completed and attempted crimes while NIBRs does.

When multiple crimes are committed by a single person or group of persons during the same basic period of time and same basic location, UCR uses a "Hierarchy Rule" (see UCR for details) to determine which offenses will be reported for that incident. Only the most serious offense is reported. For example, if a criminal burglarizes a residence and assaults the inhabitant, only the assault is reported as it takes precedence over the burglary on the "Hierarchy Rule". NIBRs reports all offenses involved in a particular incident.

UCR has only two crime categories: Crimes Against Persons (e.g., murder, rape, assault) and Crimes Against Property (e.g., robbery, burglary, larceny). NIBRs adds a third category titled Crimes Against Society for activities such as drug or narcotic offenses and other activities prohibited by society's rules.

Finally, agencies submit UCR data in written documents that must then be hand entered into a computer system for statistical analysis. NIBRs data are submitted electronically in the form of ASCII text files. These files are then processed without the need for a person to input the data (except at the originating agency's initial filing of the report into their computer system).

Reported Offense Categories[link]

Group A Offenses[link]

1. Arson
2. Assault (Aggravated, Simple, Intimidation)
3. Bribery
4. Burglary/Breaking and Entering
5. Counterfeiting/Forgery
6. Destruction/Damage/Vandalism of Property
7. Drug/Narcotic Offenses (including drug equipment violations)
8. Embezzlement
9. Extortion/Blackmail
10. Fraud (false pretenses/swindle/confidence game, credit card and ATM fraud, impersonation, welfare and wire fraud)
11. Gambling (betting, wagering, operating/promoting/assisting gambling, gambling equipment violations, sports tampering)
12. Homicide (murder and non-negligent manslaughter, negligent manslaughter, justifiable homicide)
13. Kidnapping/Abduction
14. Larceny (pocket picking, purse snatching, shoplifting, theft and all other larceny)
15. Motor Vehicle Theft
16. Pornography/Obscene Material
17. Prostitution Offenses (prostitution, assisting or promoting prostitution)
18. Robbery
19. Sex Offenses, Forcible (forcible rape, forcible sodomy, sexual assault with an object, forcible fondling)
20. Sex Offenses, Non-forcible (incest, statutory rape)
21. Stolen Property Offenses/Fence
22. Weapon Law Violations

Group B Offenses[link]

1. Bad Checks
2. Curfew/Loitering/Vagrancy Violations
3. Disorderly Conduct
4. Driving Under the Influence
5. Drunkenness
6. Family Offenses, Nonviolent
7. Liquor Law Violations
8. Peeping Tom
9. Runaway
10. Trespass of Real Property
11. All Other Offenses

Use of NIBRS in the U.S.[link]

As of 2004, 5,271 law enforcement agencies submitted NIBRs data. That amount represents 20% of the United States population and 16% of the crime statistics data collected by the FBI. At that time 26 state programs had been certified by the FBI. Twelve states were in various stages of testing their NIBRs solutions and either other states were planning or developing NIBRs solutions.^{[citation needed]}

A number of states, such as Texas and South Carolina, use a customized version of NIBRs. These versions return the basic data required by the FBI, but include additional data required by the state. This additional data are supplied with an additional segment type (see below for information on data segments) or appended to the appropriate segment line. For example, the Texas system (TIBRs) includes an additional segment (Segment Level 8) with additional data elements such as number of drug labs or fields seized, precursor drug chemicals involved and family violence data. The South Carolina system (SCIBRs) includes data like second location type, victim's usage of drugs or alcohol and space for additional offenses on arrests (other than the specific offense for which the person was arrested). These data are appended to the appropriate segment type.^{[citation needed]}

Data format[link]

NIBRs data are submitted in an ASCII text format. There are 9 segments in the basic NIBRs system. Each segment is represented in a single line in the text file. Lines are separated with a newline character.

Zero-reporting segment[link]

The Level 0 segment is only filed if an agency does not have any criminal offenses or arrests to report during a given reporting period.

Administrative segment[link]

The Level 1 segment contains administrative information for a single incident. This information includes the incident number, date, time and a list of offenses. Only one Level 1 segment is submitted for each incident with an offense in the Group A category. For each Level 1 segment, there may be one or more segments from Levels 2 through 6.

Offense segment[link]

A Level 2 segment is submitted for each offense and provides details on the offense such as the UCR offense code, whether or not the offense was completed, the location type, number of premises entered (only valid for burglaries), type of criminal activity and the type of weapon or force used in the crime.

Property segment[link]

Any property involved in an offense is recorded in the Level 3 segment. The loss type (stolen, recovered, burned, seized, damaged, etc.), value, description and recovery date (only for recovered property) are provided as well as data on stolen and recovered motor vehicles and seized drugs.

Victim segment[link]

Every victim involved in the incident is detailed in the Level 4 segment. The victim's age, sex, race, ethnicity, relationship to the offender(s), type of injury and special circumstances for certain offense types are recorded.

Offender segment[link]

Each offender's age, sex and are reported using the Level 5 segment.

Arrestee segment[link]

The Level 6 segment is filed for each person arrested under a Group A offense. The data submitted via this segment includes the arrest date, type and offense code. The arrestee's age, sex, race, ethnicity and resident status (whether or not the arrestee is a resident of the arresting agency's jurisdiction) are reported along with any weapons with which the arrestee was armed and a disposition code for arrestees under 18 years of age.

Group B arrest segment[link]

Each person arrested under a Group B offense is reported using a Level 7 segment. The arrestee's age, sex, race, ethnicity and resident status are reported along with any weapons with which the arrestee was armed. A disposition code for arrestees under 18 years of age is also reported.

LEOKA segment[link]

Officers killed or assaulted during the line of duty are reported on the Level L segment. LEOKA is a law enforcement term for "Law Enforcement Officer Killed or Assaulted". LEOKA reports fall into one of three categories: the officer was killed; the officer was injured by a felonious act; or the officer was injured due to negligence or accident.

See also[link]

• Federal Bureau of Investigation
• Uniform Crime Reports

References[link]

1. ^ ^{a b c d} "Quick Facts". Federal Bureau of Investigation. http://www.fbi.gov/quickfacts.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-03. 

• Uniform Crime Reporting Handbook, 2004 edition
• National Incident-Based Reporting System - Volume 2: Data Submission Specifications, May 1992 edition

External links[link]

• Federal Bureau of Investigation
• ICPSR NIBRS Series
• Justice Research and Statistics Association's Incident-Based Reporting Resource Center

Federal Bureau of Investigation
Common name	Federal Bureau of Investigation
Abbreviation	FBI
Seal of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
agency information Motto Fidelity, Bravery, Integrity Agency overview Formed July 26, 1908 (1908-07-26) (103 years ago) Employees 35,664[1] (February 29, 2012) Annual budget 7.9 billion USD (2011)[1] Legal personality Governmental: Government agency Jurisdictional structure Federal agency (Operations jurisdiction) United States Legal jurisdiction As per operations jurisdiction. Governing body United States Department of Justice Constituting instrument United States Code Title 28 Part II Chapter 33 General nature Federal law enforcement Civilian agency Operational structure Headquarters J. Edgar Hoover Building, Washington, D.C. Sworn members 13,963 (May 31, 2011)[1] Unsworn members 21,474 (May 31, 2011)[1] Agency executives Robert S. Mueller III, Director Sean M. Joyce, Deputy Director List of FBI Directors, Other directors Child agencies FBI Academy FBI Laboratory Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG) Counterterrorism Division (CTD) FBI Police (FBIP) Major units 5 Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU) Law Enforcement Bulletin Unit (LEBU) Hostage Rescue Team (FBI) (HRT) Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) FBI Police National Security Branch (NSB) Field offices 56 (List of FBI Field Offices) Notables People John Edgar Hoover, Director, for being the founding director William Mark Felt, former Federal Agent, for whistle blowing, Watergate scandal Joseph Leo Gormley, Forensic Scientist, for expert testimony Significant Operations COINTELPRO Special Intelligence Service Website www.FBI.gov view talk edit this information

NCIC seal.

The National Crime Information Center (NCIC) is the United States' central database for tracking crime-related information. Since 1967, the NCIC has been maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Criminal Justice Information Services Division, and is interlinked with similar systems that each state maintains. Data is received from federal law enforcement agencies, state and local law enforcement agencies, as well as tribal law enforcement agencies, railroad police, and other agencies, such as state and federal motor vehicle registration and licensing authorities.^{[citation needed]}

History[link]

The NCIC database was created in 1967 under FBI director J. Edgar Hoover. The purpose of the system was to create a centralized information system to facilitate information flow between the numerous law enforcement branches. The original infrastructure cost is estimated to have been over $180 million.^[2] In the mid-1990s, the program went through an upgrade from the legacy system to the current NCIC 2000 system. A 1993 GAO estimate concluded that in addition to the costs of the upgrades, the FBI would need to spend an additional $2 billion to update its computer system to allow all users workstation access.^[3]

Records[link]

The NCIC makes available a variety of records to be used for law enforcement and security purposes. These records are made up of a variety of forms of personal and property records.

Personal records:

• Convicted sex offenders
• Criminal conviction records
• Foreign fugitives
• Immigration violators
• Missing persons
• Parolees or people on supervised release
• Persons with active arrest warrants
• Persons with active protection orders
• Secret Service protective alerts
• Terrorist organizations and membership
• Unidentified human remains information
• Violent gang organizations and membership

Property records:

• Firearms records, including lost or missing firearms
• Stolen, embezzled or counterfeit securities
• Stolen property
• Stolen vehicle and boat parts
• Stolen vehicles and boats

Validity[link]

The Electronic Privacy Information Center has raised concerns over the validity of information in the NCIC database.^[4] The FBI had the administrative authority to ensure the accuracy of the information provided in the database, but was discharged from this role by the Department of Justice in 2003.

See also[link]

• Criminal Justice Information Services Division
• Interstate Identification Index

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• NCIC FBI - About NCIC
• NCIC summary page from the Federation of American Scientists