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Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic Узбекская Советская Социалистическая Республика Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси
←   ←   ← 1924–1991 →
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem Anthem of Uzbek SSR
Capital	Samarkand (1924–1930) Tashkent (1930–1991)
Language(s)	Uzbek and Russian
Government	Soviet Socialist Republic
History
- Established	1924
- Disestablished	1991

The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Uzbek: Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси O`zbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi; Russian: Узбекская Советская Социалистическая Республика Uzbekskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also known as the Uzbek SSR for short, was one of the republics of the Soviet Union since its creation in 1924. In the end of 1991, the Uzbek SSR became independent and was renamed the Republic of Uzbekistan.

History[link]

In 1924, the borders of political units in Central Asia were changed along ethnic lines determined by Lenin’s Commissar for Nationalities, Joseph Stalin. The Turkestan ASSR, the Bukharan People's Republic, and the Khorezm People's Republic were abolished and their territories were divided into eventually five separate Soviet Socialist Republics, one of which was the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Uzbek SSR), created on 27 October 1924. The next year the Uzbek SSR became one of the republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union).

The Uzbek SSR included the Tajik ASSR until 1929, when the Tajik ASSR was upgraded to an equal status. In 1930, the Uzbek SSR capital was relocated from Samarkand to Tashkent. In 1936, the Uzbek SSR was enlarged with the addition of the Karakalpak ASSR taken from the Kazakh SSR in the last stages of the national delimitation in the Soviet Union. Further bits and pieces of territory were transferred several times between the Kazakh SSR and the Uzbek SSR after World War II.

In 1928, the collectivization of land into state farms was initiated, which lasted until the late 1930s.

In 1937–38, during the Great Purge, a number of alleged nationalists were executed, including Faizullah Khojaev, the first prime minister.

During World War II, many industries were relocated to the Uzbek SSR from vulnerable locations in western regions of the USSR to keep them safe. Large numbers of Russians, Ukrainians and other nationalities accompanied the factories, altering the demographics of the republic. The demographics situation was further aggravated by Stalin’s relocation of some ethnic groups suspected of collaboration with the Axis powers from other parts of the USSR to the Uzbek SSR. This included large numbers of ethnic Koreans, Crimean Tatars, and Chechens.

During the Soviet period, Islam became a focal point for the antireligious drives of Communist authorities. The government closed most mosques, and religious schools became anti-religious museums.^{[citation needed]} On the positive side was the virtual elimination of illiteracy, even in rural areas. Only a small percentage of the population was literate before 1917; this percentage increased to nearly 100 percent under the Soviets.^{[citation needed]}

Another major development, one with future catastrophic impact, was the drive initiated in the early 1960s to substantially increase cotton production in the republic. This drive led to overzealous irrigation withdrawals of irrigation water from the Amu Darya and the subsequent Aral Sea ecological disaster.

The Communist Party was the only legal party in the Uzbek SSR until 1990. The first secretary, or head, of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan was consistently an Uzbek. Long-time leader of the Uzbek SSR was Sharof Rashidov, head of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan from 1959 to 1983. Islam Karimov, leader of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan since 1989 and subsequently head of that party's reincarnation, the People's Democratic Party (PDP), became president of the Uzbek SSR in 1990.

On 1 September 1991, the Uzbek SSR was renamed Republic of Uzbekistan, formally remaining a part of the Soviet Union until 26 December 1991. With the final collapse of the Soviet Union, the Uzbek SSR became the independent nation of Uzbekistan. Karimov has been its President ever since.

Subdivisions[link]

List of changes[link]

• 1924-10-27 creation of Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
• 1929-10-15 Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic^[1] and a region around Khujand/Khodzhent split off and become the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
• 1936-12-05 Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was joined to the Uzbek SSR
• 1963-02-16 Syr Darya Oblast (center: Gulistan) is formed. "In 1973 a large part of the oblast’s territory was transferred to the newly formed Dzhizak Oblast"^[2]
• 1973-12-29: Dzhizak Oblast split from Samarkand Oblast^[3], Ru WP: Dzhizak is formed
• ca. 1981: Navoiy Oblast split from Bukhara Oblast^[4]
• 1982-04-20 Ru WP Navoiy Oblast is formed

1927[link]

1927 Uzbek SSR including Tajik ASSR and Khodzhent

1928 atlas

• Khorezm Okrug (cap: Khiva)
• Kanimekh Raion (cap.: Kanimekh)
• Bukhara
• Zeravshan Okrug (cap: Kermine)
• Kashka-Darin Okrug (cap: Bek-Budi)
• Samarkand
• Surkhan-Darshin Okrug (cap: Shirabad)
• Tashkent
• Khotshent
• Fergan Okrug (capital: Kokand)
• Andizhan
• Tajik ASSR
  • Dushanbe
  • Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast (cap:Khoror)

1936[link]

Constitution of the USSR:

ARTICLE 26. The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic consists of the Bukhara, Samarkand, Tashkent, Ferghana, and Khorezm Regions, and the Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

^[5]

1938[link]

1938-12-01 Uzbek SSR

• Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Nukus)
• Khorezm Oblast (cap: Urentsh)
• Bukhara Oblast
  • Surkhan-Darshin Okrug (today: Surxondaryo Province)
• Samarkand Oblast (today: Samarkand Province, Jizzakh Province, Sirdaryo Province)
• Tashkent Oblast
• Fergana Oblast (capital: Fergana, today: Namangan Province, Andijan Province, Fergana Province)

1989[link]

1989 – Navoi Oblast not shown

• Karakalpak ASSR
• Khorezm Oblast
• Bukhara Oblast
• Samarkand Oblast
• Kashkadar Oblast
• Surkhadar Oblast
• Dzhizak Oblast
• Syrdar Oblast
• Tashkent Oblast
• Andizhan Oblast
• Namangan Oblast
• Fergana Oblast

1991[link]

See Subdivisions of Uzbekistan

References[link]

External links[link]

• Uzbekistan; Another Big Leap Forward by Afif Alimov

v t e Republics of the Soviet Union Soviet Union Principal Armenian SSR Azerbaijan SSR Byelorussian SSR Estonian SSR Georgian SSR Kazakh SSR Kirghiz SSR Latvian SSR Lithuanian SSR Moldavian SSR Russian SFSR Tajik SSR Turkmen SSR Ukrainian SSR Uzbek SSR Short-lived Karelo-Finnish SSR Transcaucasian SFSR

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Abdulla Oripov (Uzbek: Abdulla Oripov, Абдулла Орипов) is an Uzbek poet, translator. He was a member of the Supreme Assembly of Uzbekistan. Oripov became a National Poet of the Uzbek SSR in 1989.^[1] He is currently the head of the Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan.^[2] Oripov wrote the lyrics for the National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan.^[3] In addition to writing his own poetry, Abdulla Oripov has translated the works of many famous foreign poets, such as Alexander Pushkin, Dante Alighieri, Nizami Ganjavi, and Taras Shevchenko into the Uzbek language. Oripov has been a member of the Senate of Uzbekistan since 2005.^[4] In 1998, he was awarded the title Hero of Uzbekistan, the highest honorary title that can be bestowed on a citizen by Uzbekistan.

Life[link]

Abdulla Oripov was born on 21 March, 1941 in the Village of Nekuz in Kashkadarya, then the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1958, Oripov graduated from high school with honors. He graduated from Tashkent State University with a degree in journalism in 1963. Oripov is married and has five children: four daughters and a son.

Work[link]

From 1963 to 1974, Oripov worked at various publishing houses. He worked for different periodicals, such as Sharq Yulduzi (The Eastern Star) and Gulhan (Bonfire) between 1974 and 1980. Abdulla Oripov started writing poetry during his student years. His first collection of poems, Mitti yuduz (Little Star) was published in 1965. Oripov has served as the head of the Copyright Committee of Uzbekistan since 2000.

Literary works[link]

The following is a list of Oripov's books of poetry:

• Mitti yuduz (Little Star) (1965)
• Ko'zlarim yo'lingda (Waiting for You) (1967)
• Onajon (Dear Mother) (1969)
• Ruhim (My Spirit) (1971)
• O'zbekiston (Uzbekistan) (1972)
• Qasida (1972)
• Xotirot (Keepsake) (1974)
• Yurtim shamoli (The Winds of My Country) (1974)
• Hayrat (Wonder) (1979)
• Hakim va ajal (Hakim and Death) (1980)
• Najot qal’asi (The Castle of Hope) (1981)
• Yillar armoni (Dreams of the Past Years) (1983)
• Ishonch ko'priklari (The Bridges of Trust) (1989)
• Munojot (1992)
• Dunyo (The World) (1995)
• Saylanma (Selected Works) (1996)
• Asarlar (Works) (2001) (In four volumes)

Literary translations[link]

Abdulla Oripov has translated the works of many famous foreign poets, such as Alexander Pushkin, Dante Alighieri, Lesya Ukrainka, Nikolay Nekrasov, Nizami Ganjavi, and Taras Shevchenko into the Uzbek language. He has translated Dante's Divine Comedy into Uzbek. Abdulla Oripov's own works in Uzbek have been translated into Russian and many other languages.

References[link]

External links[link]

• A Web site dedicated to Abdulla Oripov's life and work