Berlin Wall at the Brandenburg Gate, 10 November 1989

Die Wende (German pronunciation: [diː ˈvɛndə], The Change or The Turn) marks the complete process of the change from the rule of the socialist Socialist Unity Party of Germany and centrally planned economy to parliamentary democracy and market economy in East Germany around the years 1989 and 1990. It encompasses several processes and events which later have become synonymous with the overall process. These processes and events are:

• the Peaceful Revolution, a time of massive protest and demonstrations (Montagsdemonstrationen - "Monday demonstrations" and Alexanderplatz demonstration) against the political system of the GDR and for civil and human rights^[1] in the Fall of 1989.
• the Fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989 following a press conference held by the Politbüro during which Günter Schabowski announced the opening of the border checkpoints.
• the transition to democracy in East Germany following the Peaceful Revolution, leading to the only democratic elections to the Volkskammer in the GDR on 18 March 1990.^[2]
• the process of German Reunification leading to the Einigungsvertrag (Treaty of Unification) on 31 August 1990, the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany on 12 September 1990 and finally the joining of the five re-established East German Länder to the Federal Republic of Germany.

In hindsight, the German word Wende (meaning "change", "turning point") then took on a new meaning; the phrase Seit der Wende, literally "since the change", means "since reunification" or "since the Wall fell". This period is marked by West German aid to East Germany, a total reaching an estimated $775 billion over 10 years. To some extent, Germany is still in the midst of the "Nachwendezeit" (post-Wende period): differences between East and West still exist, and a process of "inner reunification" is not yet finished.

This "turning point" has marked the reunification of Germany. The term was first used publicly in East Germany on 18 October 1989 in a speech by interim GDR leader Egon Krenz (the term having been used on the cover of influential West German news magazine Der Spiegel two days previously).^[3] Whilst it initially referred to the end of the old East German government, Die Wende has become synonymous with the fall of the Wall and of the East German state, and indeed of the entire Iron Curtain and Eastern Bloc state socialism.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Moments in Time 1989/1990. Films and photos from private collections

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Look up die in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Die usually refers to the cessation of life.

Die may also refer to:

Objects[link]

• Die (manufacturing), a material-shaping device
• Die (integrated circuit), a rectangular piece of a semiconductor wafer
• One of a set of dice, gambling or game devices
• Tap and die, cutting tools used to create screw threads in solid substances
• Sort (typesetting), a cast die for printing

Other[link]

• Die, Drôme, a village in France, best known for its Clairette de Die
• DIE, German Development Institute
• DiE, pedagogical method Drama in Education
• Die (musician), Japanese musician, guitarist of the band Dir en grey
• Die!, the seventh studio album by rapper Necro.
• DJ Die, British DJ and musician with Reprazent
• D.I.E., a Hong Kong TVB show
• DIES, the name of the solo project of Josh Dies, lead singer of Showbread
• Duplication is evil, programming motto

See also[link]

• dié (disambiguation)
• dye
• Dai (disambiguation)
• Di (disambiguation)

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