RAMESSES III was the second Pharaoh of the XXth Dynasty and is considered the last great Pharaoh of new Kingdom.. He was the son of Setnakhte and Queen Tiy-merenese. Ramesses III reigned from 1186 to 1155 BC. or 1187 to 1156 BC) During his long tenure in the midst of the surrounding political chaos of the Greek Dark Ages, Egypt was beset by foreign invaders (including the so-called Sea Peoples and the Libyans) and experienced the beginnings of increasing economic difficulties and internal strife which would eventually lead to the collapse of the XXth Dynasty. In Year 8 of his reign, the Sea Peoples, including Peleset, Denyen, Shardana, Meshwesh of the sea, and Tjekker, invaded Egypt by land and sea. Ramesses III defeated them in two great land and sea battles. Although the Egyptians had a reputation as poor seamen they fought tenaciously. Rameses lined the shores with ranks of archers who kept up a continuous volley of arrows into the enemy ships when they attempted to land on the banks of the Nile. Then the Egyptian navy attacked using grappling hooks to haul in the enemy ships. In the brutal hand to hand fighting which ensued, the Sea People were finally defeated. Ramesses III claims that he incorporated the Sea Peoples as subject peoples and settled them in Southern Canaan, although there is no clear evidence to this effect; the pharaoh, unable to prevent their gradual arrival in Canaan, may have claimed that it was his idea to let them reside in this territory. Ramesses III was also compelled to fight invading Libyan tribesmen in two major campaigns .The great cost of these battles slowly exhausted Egypt's treasury and contributed to the gradual decline of the Egyptian Empire in Asia. The severity of these difficulties is stressed by the fact that the first known labor strike in recorded history occurred during Year 29 of Ramesses III's reign, when the food rations for the Egypt's favoured and elite royal tomb-builders and artisans in the village of Set Maat her imenty Waset (now known as Deir el Medina), could not be provisioned.Bad harvests aggravated the problem even more, The result in Egypt was a substantial inflation in grain prices under the later reigns of Ramesses VI-VII whereas the prices for fowl and slaves remained constant. The cooldown, hence, affected Ramesses III's final years and impaired his ability to provide a constant supply of grain rations to the workman of the Deir el-Medina community.A smallpox epidemic aggravated even more the things,Moreover Ramesses III had to suffer the loss of several of his young children. Moreover a judicial Papyrus from the time describes perfectly a conspiracy to murder Ramesses III. Tiye, one of Ramesses III known wives. wanted her son, Pentaweret, in the throne as successor and she set in motion a complex conspiracy involving many of court officials to kill both Rameses and his preferred heir, Rameses IV, the son of another wife.the conspiracy failed and the perpetrators were arrested and punished.Despite this Ramesses III died a few time later and the autopsy of the mummy of Ramesses III, confirms he was killed, is notorius a deep cut in his throat that affected even his veins & arteries (jugular & Carotid) was a Deadly wound. Despite this harem conspiracy, Rameses IV was the successor of Rameses III as he desired in this video you can see sculptures of him,paintings of him in amon her khopshef's tomb (one of his sons),images of his marvelous temple of medinet habu,a painting of him in khonsu temple in Karnak, his tomb, sarcophagus and finally his mummy.

• published: 26 Aug 2013
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