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Standard-definition television (SDTV) is a television system that uses a resolution that is not considered to be either enhanced-definition television (EDTV) or high-definition television (HDTV). The term is usually used in reference to digital television, in particular when broadcasting at the same (or similar) resolution as analog systems. The two common SDTV signal types are 576i, derived from the European-developed PAL and SECAM systems with 576 interlaced lines of resolution; and 480i, based on the American National Television System Committee NTSC system.

In the US, digital SDTV is broadcast in the same 4:3 aspect ratio as NTSC signals.^[1] However, in areas that used the PAL or SECAM analog standards, standard-definition television is now usually shown with a 16:9 aspect ratio, with the transition occurring between the mid-1990s and mid-2000s. Older programs with a 4:3 aspect ratio are shown in 4:3.

Standards that support digital SDTV broadcast include DVB, ATSC and ISDB. The last two were originally developed for HDTV, but are more often used for their ability to deliver multiple SD video and audio streams via multiplexing, than for using the entire bitstream for one HD channel.^{[clarification needed]}

In ATSC Standards, SDTV can be broadcast in 720 pixels × 480 lines with 16:9 aspect ratio (40:33 rectangular (unsquare) pixel), 720 pixels × 480 lines with 4:3 aspect ratio (10:11 rectangular pixel) or 640 pixels × 480 lines with 4:3 ratio. The refresh rate can be 24, 30 or 60 frames per second.

Digital SDTV in 4:3 aspect ratio has the same appearance as regular analog TV (NTSC, PAL, SECAM) without the ghosting, snowy images and white noise. However, if the reception is poor, one may encounter various other artifacts such as blockiness and stuttering.

Pixel aspect ratio[link]

Television signals are transmitted in digital form, and their pixels have a rectangular shape, as opposed to square pixels that are used in modern computer monitors and modern implementations of HDTV. The table below summarizes pixel aspect ratios for various kinds of SDTV video signal. Note that the actual image (be it 4:3 or 16:9) is always contained in the center 704 horizontal pixels of the digital frame, regardless of how many horizontal pixels (704 or 720) are used. In case of digital video signal having 720 horizontal pixels, only the center 704 pixels contain actual 4:3 or 16:9 image, and the 8 pixel wide stripes from either side are called nominal analogue blanking and should be discarded before displaying the image. Nominal analogue blanking should not be confused with overscan, as overscan areas are part of the actual 4:3 or 16:9 image.

The pixel aspect ratio is always the same for corresponding 720 and 704 pixel resolutions because the center part of a 720 pixels wide image is equal to the corresponding 704 pixels wide image.

See also[link]

Television portal

• Digital audio broadcasting
• Pixel aspect ratio
• MPEG
• SBTVD

References[link]

External links[link]

• Programmer's Guide to Video Systems

Shane Dawson
Dawson at the Streamy Awards in 2010
Born	Shane Lee Yaw (1988-07-19) July 19, 1988 (age 23) Long Beach, California, U.S.
Occupation	YouTube video maker (actor, comedian)
Years active	2008–present
Known for	Sketch comedy, vlogging
Website
www.shanedawsontv.com

Shane Dawson (born Shane Yaw; July 19, 1988)^[1][2][3] is an American YouTube actor, comedian, and musician. Dawson is known for making comedy videos featuring many recurring characters (such as Shananay, Ned the Nerd, S. Deezy, Mom, and Aunt Hilda), impersonations (such as Paris Hilton, Miley Cyrus and Sarah Palin), and spoofs of popular music videos and television shows. As of September 2011 his main YouTube channel is the fifth most subscribed channel of all time, behind Ray William Johnson, Nigahiga, Smosh, and Machinima.com.^[4][5][6] Dawson has since expanded on YouTube by adding his second channel (twelfth most subscribed)^[4] where he posts video blogs and the series "Ask Shane", which moved to his main channel February 26, 2011.^[7]

Dawson's career began when he and several friends would turn in videos instead of homework in high school. Dawson's first videos on YouTube were old assignments that he turned in during high school.^[8][9]

In November 2009, Dawson was featured on Attack of the Show!^[10] In 2010, Forbes magazine named him their 25th most famous web celebrity.^[3]

Dawson's debut mainstream single (third overall), SUPERLUV! was released on March 31, 2012.^[11]

Personal life[link]

Dawson grew up in Long Beach, California, where he attended Lakewood High School.^[12] Dawson has revealed in a video, that as a teenager he was over-weight and would get bullied a lot, as well as being beaten by his alcoholic father, who then abandoned the family. He has since lost 150 pounds. Shane has three dogs, Miley, Charlie, and Chocolate as well as two cats, Muffins and Snoop. They often appear in his videos. He used to work in Jenny Craig, Inc. along with his mother and brother, but was fired after he uploaded a video of himself pole dancing in the building he worked in. His mother, brother and about 6 other coworkers who appeared in the video also got fired after the company saw the video.^[13] In a video he said he is a virgin, and plans to stay one until he is married as he believes strongly in sex after marriage.^[14] Shane Dawson revealed in a video that he and an unknown female broke up from their relationship, which lasted about a year.^[15] He decided to not release the female's identity in order to preserve her from getting negative criticism. In March 2012, Dawson stated that he was in a relationship with fellow YouTuber, Lisa Schwartz.^[16]

Dawson currently resides in Sherman Oaks, California.^[17]

YouTube channels[link]

Dawson posts new videos on his main channel, ShaneDawsonTV, every Saturday and video blogs on his second channel, ShaneDawsonTV2, throughout the week.^[18] Every Monday, posted on his second channel, he also has an "Ask Shane" webseries where he answers questions from his viewers. This series is similar to a previous web series, "Viewer Orgy Party", which currently only airs approximately once a month. His third YouTube channel, Shane, is where he posts unedited videos directly from his iPhone. He began using this channel in May, 2010. Starting in 2012 Shane had announced he would be making daily blogs (video blog) on his iPhone channel. He has also begun a new series called "Shane and Friends" on his main channel which he does once every month. This series includes him giving advice and talking as basically all his characters. Shane often collaborates with other YouTubers or appears in their videos, such as BrittaniLouiseTaylor, TheFineBros, JoeNationTV, and ijustine.

In August 2010, he announced that he was going to write a television pilot and post it on his main channel, featuring himself and his characters from previous videos, about him in high school.

Television projects[link]

On August 11, 2010, Dawson announced that he was in the making of a 30-minute pilot which he will call SD High. Previously, the funding he needed for the pilot was provided by digital media group Take180 after he helped them out with acting in their own videos.^[19] The pilot is based on two previous videos which Dawson uploaded to his main channel in Summer 2010. In his previous videos, the story centers around a teenage boy in school, and his interactions with the other characters. The pilot was due to be released towards the end of September 2010 on his main YouTube Channel, however Dawson later announced that he had been contacted by a television studio to produce the pilot for their TV channel(s).^[20] According to Dawson, there is some uncertainty involving the pilot, however it may be a TV show in the future.^[21] On March 26, 2011, Dawson uploaded a video to YouTube explaining to his audience that he's working with Happy Madison Productions, Sony Pictures, and some other YouTubers including TheFineBros and BrittaniLouiseTaylor to create the television show.^[22] The video contains an explanation from Dawson about what he's working on, and a 'mock trailer', made up of clips from previous episodes on his YouTube channel, for the show.

In January 2012, Dawson stated in a video that he was now working on a new television show, which would be semi-based on his life working at a Weight Loss center. He stated that he would be pitching the show soon, and that he was "really excited" for it, and stated the show was "kind of like Arrested Development, but - not."^[23] Recently, Shane, on May 16, 2012, announced in his daily vlog that he was working on a professional horror-comedy movie. "I want to write something like a teen comedy but like scary and fun," said Dawson in the vlog, Day 96.

Music projects[link]

In 2012, Dawson revealed in his Vlogs that he was working on a music project. In March 2012, Dawson revealed that his debut mainstream single, SUPERLUV! would be released that month. The song was released on March 31, 2012 on iTunes, with an accompanying music video debuting on his YouTube channel on the same day. The song managed to chart at 87 in Ireland, 16 on the UK Indie Chart and reached the 28th spot on the US iTunes Pop Chart.

On May 8, 2012, Dawson revealed in a video that he has begun working on his next original song, which is tentatively titled The Vacation Song. He previewed about 10 seconds of the "rough edit" of the song, and stated that he was going to change the mood of the song, saying, "Right now, it's a little too happy, because it's a break up song. I want it to be more like Kelly Clarkson's Since You've Been Gone." He stated that the song would "hopefully" be released by the beginning of June 2012.^[24]

Major productions[link]

• Hot Teens Gone Wild on Degrassi! Part 1 - November 21, 2009 (11-minute long special)
• Hot Teens Go Wild on Degrassi! Part 2 - March 6, 2010 (12-minute long special)
• SD High: School Dance Disaster - July 3, 2010 (SD High Episode 1) (8-minute long special)
• SD High: High School Drama - July 31, 2010 (SD High Episode 2) (9-minute long special)
• Haunted House Party - October 30, 2010 (Interactive Halloween special)
• Shane Dawson's Love Story - December 18, 2010 (10-minute long Christmas special)
• SD High: Teens Gone Wild - March 26, 2011 (SD High Episode 3) (7-minute long special)
• Final Destination: The Game - July 2, 2011 (Interactive special based on the Final Destination film series )
• Friends 4Ever - October 29, 2011 (22-minute long Halloween short film)
• How Shananay Stole Christmas - December 17, 2011 (15-minute long Christmas special)

Dawson will play a character named Binder in the upcoming feature-length horror film, Smiley (directed by YouTuber Michael Gallagher and produced by Level 10 Films) which has finished filming and is currently in post-production. It will be released in theaters and DVD in 2012.^[25]

Discography[link]

Singles[link]

Note: These are only songs Shane has released officially to iTunes as singles. He has also released a set of ringtones on iTunes, also available to download as tracks, and he releases all his parodies free on a media sharing website.

Awards and nominations[link]

Dawson has been nominated for various awards.^[26] On August 9, 2010, Dawson won the award for Choice Web Star at the 2010 Teen Choice Awards. Although the category was not featured at the awards show, Dawson stated in a video that he posted to YouTube the next day that "It was just great to be nominated and at the show itself". The nominees for that category included fellow YouTubers Justine Ezarik, Charles Trippy, Lucas Cruikshank, best known for his Fred character, and singer Greyson Chance. Dawson was nominated for Choice Web Star in the 2011 Teen Choice Awards, but lost to Rebecca Black.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Shane Dawson at the Internet Movie Database
• Official Website
• ShaneDawsonTV, Shane Dawson's YouTube channel