Art	Stadt
Name	Bischofshofen
Wappen	Wappen_at_bischofshofen.jpg
Lat deg	47 | lat_min = 25 | lat_sec = 2
Lon deg	13 | lon_min = 13 | lon_sec = 10
Karte
Lageplan
Lageplanbeschreibung
Bundesland	Salzburg
Bezirk	St. Johann im Pongau
Höhe	544
Fläche	49.62
Einwohner	10061
Stand	2001-05-15
Plz	5500
Vorwahl	06462
Kfz	JO
Gemeindekennziffer	50 404
Nuts
Locode
Straße	Rathausplatz 1
Website	www.bischofshofen.sbg.at
Bürgermeister	Jakob Rohrmoser
Partei	ÖVP
Gemeinderatanzahl	25
Wahljahr	2022
Gemeinderat	13 SPÖ, 10 ÖVP, 1 Grüne, 1 FPÖ

Bischofshofen (population 10,061, 2001) is a city located in the Salzach valley in the Alps, in the District of Pongau, in Salzburgerland, Austria.

The city is an important railway hub and lies at the Tauernautobahn, a highway route through the Alps.

Villages in Bischofshofen and population

Alpfahrt - 149

Bischofshofen - 7.134

Buchberg - 440

Gainfeld - 109

Haidberg - 98

Kreuzberg - 263

Laideregg - 488

Mitterberghütten - 1.323

Winkl - 83

Education

In Bischofshofen there are:

Elementary Schools

* VS Markt

* VS Neue Heimat

* VS Pöham

* VS Gayluki

High Schools:

* Hermann-Wielandner-HS

* Franz-Moßhammer-HS

Professional Education

* Polytechnische Schule

* Privatgymnasium Sankt Rupert

* TS Bischofshofen der Salzburger Tourismusschulen

* die BAKIP, Bundesbildungsanstalt für Kindergartenpädagogik

* Zweigstelle des Musikum Salzburg

Sports

The final competition of the traditional Four Hills Tournament in ski jumping is held annually at the Paul-Ausserleitner-Schanze in Bischofshofen around 6 January.

Politics

City Council

The political parties represented in the Bischofshofen City Council are:

SPÖ (13 seats)

ÖVP (10 seats)

FPÖ (2 seats)

City Mayor

The city mayor is Jakob Rohrmoser (ÖVP).

See also

Salzburg

Salzburgerland

External links

Information about Bischofshofen

References

Category:Cities and towns in Salzburg (state) Category:Four Hills Tournament

}} ]]}} ]]|Individual}} Thomas Morgenstern (born October 30, 1986 in Spittal an der Drau) is an Austrian ski jumper.

Career

Thomas Morgenstern is one of the biggest natural ski jumping talents in Austria. After winning three continental cup events (out of four starts), he made his ski jumping debut at the 2002-03 Four Hills Tournament. He finished 9th in Oberstdorf, 25th in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 9th in Innsbruck and 6th in Bischofshofen, finishing up as 10th in the final ranking. Five days after the end of the tournament, he won his first World Cup jump, in Liberec, Czech Republic. In the following summer, he won the Ski jumping Grand Prix for his first time.

He continued his success well into the 2003-04 season. He was second overall to Sigurd Pettersen during most of the Four Hills tournament, finally ending up in fourth place. He won his first team medal with a 3rd place at the Ski-Flying World Championships.

In the next season, Morgenstern won gold medals in both team events (normal hill and large hill) at the Nordic World Ski Championships.

During the 2006 Winter Olympics, he won the gold medals in the individual and team large hill competitions. Further, he won the bronze medal in the single event at the Ski-Flying World Championships in Bad Mitterndorf. With these six wins he also tied the record for most wins in a row, previously set by Janne Ahonen, Matti Hautamäki and Gregor Schlierenzauer. In early 2008, Morgenstern won a gold medal at the Ski-Flying World Cup in Oberstdorf. Morgenstern won the world cup for the first time, 233 points ahead of Gregor Schlierenzauer.

During the 2008-09 season, Morgenstern could not win any competition, but won a team gold medal at the Nordic World Ski Championships in Liberec.

The 2009-10 world cup again was very modest with only two victories. However, Morgenstern won gold medals in the team events at the Ski-Flying World Championships and the 2010 Winter Olympics.

The season 2010-11 again started very successful by winning four of the first six competitions. Morgenstern further won the Four Hills Tournament for the first time in this season. In January 2011, he won his first ski flying event in Harrachov.

As of January 16th, 2011, Morgenstern has 21 World Cup victories, 3 Olympic gold medals, and 7 gold and 3 bronze medals at world championships.

Honours

Gold Merit Badge of Austria: 2004

Grand Decoration of Austria: 2006

Austrian Sportspersonality of the year: 2008

Part of the Austrian Sportsteam of the year, together with the Austrian ski jumping team: 2008, 2009

Carinthian Sportspersonality of the year: 4 times, including 2008, 2010

Results

Olympic Games

2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy: Normal hill: 9, Large hill: 1, Team: 1

2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada: Normal hill: 8, Large hill: 5, Team: 1

FIS Ski Flying Championships

FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 2004 in Planica, Slovenia: Individual: 13, Team: 3

FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 2006 in Bad Mitterndorf, Austria: Individual: 3, Team: 4

FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 2008 in Oberstdorf, Germany: Individual: 7, Team: 1

FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 2010 in Planica, Slovenia: Individual: 7, Team: 1

World Ski Championships

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2003 in Val di Fiemme, Italy: Normal hill: 16

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2005 in Oberstdorf, Germany: Normal hill: 18, Large hill: 15, Team: 1

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 in Sapporo, Japan: Normal hill: 3, Large hill: 5, Team: 1

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec, Czech Republic: Normal hill: 8, Large hill: 10, Team: 1

Junior World Ski Championships

FIS Junior Ski Jumping World Championships 2003 in Solleftea, Sweden: Individual: 1, Team: 1

FIS Junior Ski Jumping World Championships 2004 in Stryn, Norway: Individual: 2, Team: 1

World Cup

Single ski jumping: 57 podiums, 20 victories

Single ski flying: 3 podiums, 1 victory

Team: 18 podiums, 9 victories

{| | valign=top |

| valign=top |

| valign=top | WC: World Cup, SF: Ski Flying, 4H: Four Hills Tournament, NT: Nordic Tournament |}

Summer Grand Prix

Single: 19 podiums, 5 victories

Team: 6 podiums, 4 victories

{| | valign=top |

| valign=top |

| valign=top | |}

Continental Cup

Single: 4 podiums, 3 victories

{| | valign=top |

| valign=top | |}

Weblinks

Thomas Morgenstern's Biography and Olympic Results at Sports-Reference.com

Thomas Morgenstern's Personal Website (German)

References

Category:1986 births Category:Living people Category:People from Spittal an der Drau Category:Austrian ski jumpers Category:Olympic gold medalists for Austria Category:Olympic ski jumpers of Austria Category:Ski jumpers at the 2006 Winter Olympics Category:Ski jumpers at the 2010 Winter Olympics Category:Winter Olympics medalists

Tom Hilde (born 22 September 1987 in Asker) is a Norwegian ski jumper who has competed since 2005. Having first competed with the Norwegian World Cup team in 2006, he won two silver medals in the team large hill event at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships (2007, 2009).

Hilde also won a bronze medal in the team event at the FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 2008 in Oberstdorf.

Hilde currently holds five World Cup victories in all events since 2007. His best overall world cup result is a fourth place in the 2007/2008 season.

Hilde currently lives in Lillehammer, Norway.

References

Category:1987 births Category:Living people Category:Norwegian ski jumpers Category:People from Asker Category:Ski jumpers at the 2010 Winter Olympics Category:Olympic ski jumpers of Norway Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Norway

}} Wolfgang "Wuff" Loitzl (born January 13, 1980) is an Austrian ski jumper who has competed since 1997. He won seven medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with six golds (Individual normal hill: 2009, Team normal hill: 2001, 2005; Team large hill: 2005, 2007, 2009) and one bronze (Team large hill: 2001).

He earned a bronze medal in the team event at the FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 2004 and finished 15th at the individual competition at those same championships. Loitzl has seven individual career victories from 1998 to 2003.

Loitzl won the 2008–09 Four Hills Tournament. In the final competition of the tournament in Bischofshofen, he received the maximum score (20) for the first jump from all five judges. In ski jumping history, only Anton Innauer (1976), Kazuyoshi Funaki (1998), Sven Hannawald (2003 , and Hideharu Miyahira (2003) have matched this feat.

On February 21, 2009, Loitzl won the individual gold on the normal hill at the World Championships at Liberec ahead of fellow Austrian Gregor Schlierenzauer and Switzerland's Simon Ammann. Further success followed on February 28 the same year when Loitzl won gold as part of the Austrian quartet in the team large hill event.

His son Benjamin was born on January 12, 2005, his second child Nikolas was born on February 10, 2007. He has been married to Marika since June 11, 2006.

References

FIS Newsflash 213. January 7, 2009.

Official website

Category:1980 births Category:Living people Category:People from Gmunden District Category:Austrian ski jumpers Category:Ski jumpers at the 2010 Winter Olympics Category:Olympic ski jumpers of Austria Category:Olympic gold medalists for Austria

}}

Simon Ammann (born 25 June 1981) is a Swiss ski jumper, and double Olympic Champion at both 2002 and 2010 Winter Olympics.

Ammann was born in Grabs, Switzerland, to Margit and Heinrich Ammann and raised in Unterwasser, Switzerland. He has two brothers and three sisters. He married Yana Yanovskaya on 25 June 2010. He made his debut as a 16-year-old unknown during the 1997–1998 Ski jumping World Cup season. Ammann qualified for the 1998 Olympic Games in Nagano, Japan, where he finished 35th.

Prior to the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, he crashed and suffered injuries. Despite this, he won the gold medal in both the Individual Normal Hill and Individual Long Hill events, only the second person to accomplish this feat. (The first was Matti Nykänen in 1988). Following the games, Ammann became a star in Switzerland and also made appearances on American talk shows, such as The Late Show with David Letterman (on 20 February 2002).

Ammann also won the ski jumping event at the Holmenkollen Ski Festival in 2002 and 2007. This would earn him the Holmenkollen medal in 2007 (Shared with Frode Estil, Odd-Bjørn Hjelmeset, King Harald V, and Queen Sonja of Norway).

He made his third Olympic appearance in 2006 in Torino, Italy.

On 24 February 2007, he won his first medal at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with a victory in the Individual Large Hill in Sapporo, Japan. Ammann would follow this with a silver medal in the Individual Normal Hill the following week. Ammann would complete his set of medals with a bronze medal in the Individual Normal Hill event at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec, Czech Republic.

On 13 February 2010, competing in his fourth Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Ammann won the gold medal in the Individual Normal Hill event. He became the first man in Olympic history to win gold medals in the Individual Normal Hill event in two Olympics.

On 20 February 2010, he also won the gold medal in the Individual Large Hill event at the Winter Olympics in Vancouver, thus becoming the first man to win gold medals in both individual ski jumping events in two Olympic games, as well as the most decorated Swiss Olympic athlete of all time. His first jump was 144 meters. His second jump was 138 meters.

In March 2010 Ammann became the overall winner of 2009–10 FIS Ski Jumping World Cup, winning all four events at the Nordic Tournament and nine World Cup events in one season overall. He finished the season by becoming the ski flying World Champion in Planica on the largest hill in the world. His 236.5 m fourth round jump was the longest jump of the event and then the second longest jump in history.

Ammann is a student of information technology and electrical engineering at ETH Zurich since 2006. Ammann currently lives in Schindellegi, Switzerland.

Season Titles

2009 Grand Prix – Overall

2010 World Cup – Overall

2010 World Cup – Nordic Tournament

World Cup victories

{|class="wikitable" !Date !Location |- |17 March 2002|| Oslo |- |12 February 2006|| Lillehammer |- |18 March 2007|| Oslo |- |29 November 2008|| Kuusamo |- |7 December 2008|| Trondheim |- |13 December 2008|| Pragelato |- |20 December 2008|| Engelberg |- |29 December 2008|| Oberstdorf |- |6 December 2009|| Lillehammer |- |18 December 2009|| Engelberg |- |20 December 2009|| Engelberg |- |17 January 2010|| Sapporo |- |3 February 2010|| Klingenthal |- |7 March 2010|| Lahti |- |9 March 2010|| Kuopio |- |12 March 2010|| Lillehammer |- |14 March 2010|| Oslo |- |1 January 2011|| Garmisch-Partenkirchen |}

See also

List of Olympic medalists in ski jumping

List of FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in ski jumping

List of FIS Ski Flying World Championships medalists in ski flying

Notes

External links

Official Homepage

Portrait of Simon Ammann

Category:1981 births Category:Holmenkollen medalists Category:Holmenkollen winners Category:Living people Category:ETH Zurich alumni Category:Ski jumpers at the 1998 Winter Olympics Category:Ski jumpers at the 2002 Winter Olympics Category:Ski jumpers at the 2006 Winter Olympics Category:Ski jumpers at the 2010 Winter Olympics Category:Swiss ski jumpers Category:Olympic gold medalists for Switzerland Category:Olympic ski jumpers of Switzerland

Janne Petteri Ahonen () (born May 11, 1977 in Lahti, Finland) is a Finnish ski jumper who has competed in the world cup since 1992. He is considered one of the best and most successful ski jumpers of all time. His achievements include five world championship gold medals (individual World Championships in 1997 (normal hill) and 2005 (large hill), and team World championships in 1995, 1997 and 2003), first place in the World Cup in 2003–2004 and 2004–2005, and first place in the Four Hills Tournament for a record-breaking five times, bettering the previous record of four by Jens Weißflog. Ahonen won the 1999 tournament without winning a single event, coming second on all four hills. Ahonen is also all-time leader in World Cup total points and podiums (108) and third in victories (36), only behind Matti Nykänen (46) and Adam Małysz (38).

Ahonen's other medals in the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships include the individual normal hill (bronze: 2005), individual large hill (bronze: 2001), team normal hill (silver: 2001), and team large hill (silver: 2001, 2005). At the FIS Ski Flying World Championships Ahonen has won a record seven medals. Ahonen has thus a total of 19 medals, sharing the record with Matti Nykänen. Despite his success, Ahonen has never won an Olympic medal from an individual competition: he has placed 4th three times.

One of Ahonen's trademark features is his apparent lack of emotion when competing, as he is rarely seen smiling, even when celebrating on the podium. This has prompted the German press to conceive him nickname "The Mask".

Ahonen announced to end his ski jumping career on March 26, 2008, but he has already promised to take part in worldcup 2008-2009 in "some way or another". His retirement was confirmed by the FIS in late April.

Ahonen's career officially ended in Lahti on July 9, 2008 in a friendly competition on the HS 97 hill. A remarkable number of his former competitors were present, including Poland's Adam Małysz, the Germans Martin Schmitt and Georg Späth, the Austrian Andreas Goldberger and Andreas Widhölzl, Norway's Roar Ljøkelsøy and Bjørn-Einar Romøren, Japan's Noriaki Kasai, Switzerland's Andreas Küttel, and fellow Finns Tami Kiuru, Matti Hautamäki, Janne Happonen, Veli-Matti Lindström, Kimmo Yliriesto, Pasi Ahonen, Ville Larinto, and Ville Kantee. Despite three months without any training jumps, Ahonen finished his career with another victory by jumping the furthest distance on both rounds. Adam Małysz finished second and Georg Späth third. See more

In March 2009 Ahonen announced that he will compete in season 2009-2010 listing his main targets as Winter Olympics in Vancouver, the Four Hills Tournament and the Ski-Flying World Championships.

Drag racing

In addition to competing as a ski jumper, Ahonen has also successfully maintained a side-career in drag racing, winning both Finnish and Nordic Championship titles in 2004. He races with Team Eagle Racing, which well suits his Finnish nickname "King Eagle". However, the team is actually named after the home city of the team, Kotka - in English "Eagle". He is married to Tiia Ahonen, and they have two sons, Mico (born 2001) and Milo (born 2008). In December 2005 Ahonen was named the Finnish athlete of the year.

Achievements

Winter Olympic Games

2002 Winter Olympics

*Silver - team large hill

2006 Winter Olympics

*Silver - team large hill

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships

1995 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships

*Gold - Team large hill

1997 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships

*Gold - Individual normal hill

*Gold - Team large hill

2001 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships

*Silver - Team normal hill

*Bronze - Team large hill

*Bronze - Individual large hill

2003 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships

*Gold - Team large hill

2005 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships

*Gold - Individual large hill

*Silver - Team large hill

*Bronze - Individual normal hill

Four Hills Tournament

Nine wins, ten second places, nine third places and five overall victories along with three overall second places and two overall third places.

1994–1995 Four Hills Tournament

*Victory at Garmisch-Partenkirchen

*Overall third

1997–1998 Four Hills Tournament

*Overall third

1998–1999 Four Hills Tournament

*Overall victory (no individual wins)

1999–2000 Four Hills Tournament

*Overall second

2000–2001 Four Hills Tournament

*Overall second

2002–2003 Four Hills Tournament

*Overall victory

*Victory at Innsbruck

2004–2005 Four Hills Tournament

*Overall victory

*Wins at Oberstdorf, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Innsbruck

2005–2006 Four Hills Tournament

*Overall victory (shared with Jakub Janda)

*Wins at Oberstdorf, Bischofshofen

2007–2008 Four Hills Tournament

*Win at Bischofshofen (originally scheduled for Innsbruck)

*Win at Bischofshofen

*Overall victory

2009–2010 Four Hills Tournament

*Overall second

FIS Ski Flying World Championships

FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 1996

*Silver - Individual flying hill

FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 2000

*Bronze - Individual flying hill

FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 2004

*Silver - Individual flying hill

*Silver - Team flying hill

FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 2006

*Silver - Team flying hill

FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 2008

*Silver - Team flying hill

*Bronze - Individual flying hill

Ski jumping World Cup

World Cup: 36 victories, 44 second places, 28 third places

Summer Grand Prix: 5 victories, 6 second places, 2 third places

Most podium positions of all jumpers (108)

Most world cup points of all jumpers

Six consecutive victories (ties the record with Matti Hautamäki, Thomas Morgenstern and Gregor Schlierenzauer)

Longest jump in the world (fell on landing): 240 m (Planica 2005)

Overall rank

1992-93: 50.

1993-94: 10.

1994-95: 3.

1995-96: 3.

1996-97: 8.

1997-98: 9.

1998-99: 2.

1999-00: 3.

2000-01: 5.

2001-02: 15.

2002-03: 4.

2003-04: 1.

2004-05: 1.

2005-06: 2.

2006-07: 8.

2007-08: 3.

2008-09: -

2009-10: 11

Official hill records

11.01.2004 Liberec 139.0 m

12.12.2004 Harrachov 145.5 m

18.12.2004 Engelberg 141.0 m

09.01.2005 Willingen 152.0 m

World cup victories

# Engelberg – December 19, 1993 # Garmisch-Partenkirchen – January 1, 1995 # Lillehammer – December 3, 1995 # Kulm – February 10, 1996 # Lahti – March 7, 1998 # Chamonix – December 6, 1998 # Harrachov (HS 142) – December 19, 1998 # Harrachov (HS 142) – December 20, 1998 # Engelberg – January 9, 1999 # Zakopane – January 17, 1999 # Harrachov (HS 142) – February 7, 1999 # Villach – December 12, 1999 # Lahti – March 4, 2000 # Engelberg – December 21, 2002 # Innsbruck – January 4, 2003 # Liberec – January 10, 2004 # Liberec – January 11, 2004 # Willingen – February 14, 2004 # Kuusamo – November 27, 2004 # Kuusamo – November 28, 2004 # Trondheim – December 4, 2004 # Trondheim – December 5, 2004 # Harrachov (HS 142) – December 12, 2004 # Engelberg – December 18, 2004 # Engelberg – December 19, 2004 # Oberstdorf (HS 137) – December 29, 2004 # Garmisch-Partenkirchen – January 1, 2005 # Innsbruck – January 3, 2005 # Willingen – January 9, 2005 # Titisee-Neustadt – January 22, 2005 # Oberstdorf (HS 137) – December 29, 2005 # Bischofshofen – January 6, 2006 # Bischofshofen (replaced: Innsbruck) – January 5, 2008 # Bischofshofen – January 6, 2008 # Harrachov (HS 205) – January 20, 2008 # Kuopio – March 4, 2008

References

FIS Newsflash 161. January 9, 2008 on Ahonen's fifth Four Hills Tournament victory win.

Janne Ahonen German fan page

News about Janne ending his ski-jumping career.

Janne Ahonen Farewell Competition 9.7.2008 in Lahti

Category:1977 births Category:Finnish racecar drivers Category:Finnish ski jumpers Category:Living people Category:Olympic silver medalists for Finland Category:Olympic ski jumpers of Finland Category:People from Lahti Category:Ski jumpers at the 1994 Winter Olympics Category:Ski jumpers at the 1998 Winter Olympics Category:Ski jumpers at the 2002 Winter Olympics Category:Ski jumpers at the 2006 Winter Olympics Category:Ski jumpers at the 2010 Winter Olympics Category:Winter Olympics medalists Category:Dragster drivers

Name	Adam
Caption	Michelangelo's The Creation of Adam, a fresco on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Adam is the figure on the left, and God the figure on the right.
Birth date	3760 BC (Hebrew calendar)4004 BC (Ussher chronology)
Birth place	Garden of Eden
Death date	2830 BC (Hebrew calendar) [aged 930]3074 BC (Ussher chronology)
Death place	Unknown
Spouse	LilithEve
Children	CainAbelSethmore sons and daughters

Adam (Hebrew: אָדָם‎, Arabic: آدم‎) is a prominent figure in Abrahamic religions. He is the first man created by God in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. He appears originally in the Hebrew Bible in the Book of Genesis. His wife was Eve [Hawa حوآء (Quran) Hawa].

Individual/humanity and etymology

Adam (Hebrew: אָדָם‎, Arabic: آدم‎) in Biblical (as well as modern) Hebrew is sometimes used as the personal name of an individual and at other times in a generic sense meaning "mankind", in the same way as the earlier Canaanite 'adam. According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, its use in is wholly generic. The generic usage in Genesis meaning "mankind" reflects the view that Adam was the ancestor of all men. Etymologically it is the masculine form of the word adamah meaning ground or earth and related to the words adom (red), admoni (ruddy) and dam (blood) Gen. ii. 7 explains that the man was called Adam because he was formed from the ground (adamah). Her story was greatly developed, during the Middle Ages, in the tradition of Aggadic midrashim, the Zohar and Jewish mysticism. The resulting Lilith legend is still commonly used as source material in modern culture, literature, occultism, fantasy and horror.

Expulsion

Adam and Eve were subsequently expelled from the Garden of Eden, were ceremonially separated from God, and lost their immortality after they broke God's law about not eating of the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. This occurred after the serpent (understood to be Satan in many Christian traditions) told Eve that eating of the tree would result not in death, but in Adam and Eve's eyes being opened, resulting in their being "as gods, knowing good and evil" (Gen. 3.4-5). Convinced by the serpent's argument, Eve eats of the tree and has Adam do likewise (Gen. 3.6).

As a result, both immediately become aware of the fact that they are naked, and thus cover themselves with garments made of fig leaves (Gen. 3.7). Then, finding God walking in the Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve hide themselves from God's presence (Gen. 3.8). God calls to Adam "Where art thou?" (Gen. 3.9, KJV) and Adam responds "I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself" (Gen. 3.10, KJV). When God then asks Adam if he had eaten of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, Adam responds that his wife had told him to (Gen. 3.11-12).

As a result of their breaking God's law, the couple were removed from the garden (Gen. 3.23) (the Fall of Man according to Christian doctrine) and both receive a curse. Adam's curse is contained in Gen. 3.17-19: "Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life; Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field: In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return" (KJV).

Post-expulsion

After his expulsion from Eden, Adam was forced to work hard for his food for the first time. According to the Book of Genesis, he bore three children with Eve named as Cain, Abel, and Seth. The Book of Jubilees, a second century BC text which is not considered canon by most Abrahamic faiths, gives Adam the daughters Azura and Awan, who married Seth and Cain, respectively, in incestuous unions.

According to the Genealogies of Genesis, Adam died at the age of 930. With such numbers, calculations such as those of Archbishop Ussher would suggest that Adam would have died only about 127 years before the birth of Noah, nine generations after Adam. In other words, Adam's lifespan would have overlapped that of Lamech (father of Noah), at least fifty years. Ussher and a group of theologians and scholars in 1630 performed calculations and created a study that reported the creation of Adam on October 23, 4004 BC at 9:00 am and lived until 3074 BC. There was controversy over the fact that Ussher believed the whole creation process occurred on that day.

Although the Book of Joshua mentions a "City of Adam" at the time that the Israelites crossed the Jordan River on entering Canaan, it doesn't suggest any relationship between this city and the first man of Genesis. Traditional Jewish belief, on the other hand, says that following his death, Adam was buried in the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron.

He appears to an extent in both Eastern and Western Christian liturgies.

The New Testament

The relevance of Adam is not solely with the Old Testament. In the New Testament, the first Adam is compared with the second Adam. The first Adam brought about the Fall of Man, which cursed man with the knowledge of sin. Adam and Eve were cast out of the Garden of Eden and out of God's presence. The second Adam (Jesus) came to the world to save mankind from Adam's original sin that everyone inherits. With the first Adam there is death, but with the second Adam there is life.

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses view Adam and Eve as the ones who brought sin, and thus death, into the world by committing the original sin. That sin was not sexual relations, of which Jehovah had already commanded that they have, but disobeying Jehovah's clear command not to eat of the fruit of knowledge of good and evil.

Eve's sin is counted as deliberate disobedience, as she did know that Jehovah had commanded them not to eat, but she is held to have been deceived by the Serpent. (She was deceived only about the effect of their disobedience, not about the will of God on the matter.) Adam's sin is considered even more reproachable, as he had not been deceived. Rather, when confronted with his sin, he attempted to blame both his wife Eve, and Jehovah himself. Genesis 3:12 NWT - "The woman who you gave to be with me, she gave me fruit from the tree and so I ate.". By his sin, he forfeited human perfection and was therefore unable to pass it on to his offspring.

Latter Day Saint (LDS) view

The Latter Day Saint movement holds that Adam and Michael the archangel are the same individual. Michael the archangel fought against and cast out Lucifer (who became Satan), "that old serpent", at the conclusion of the war in heaven during pre-mortal existence (see Book of Revelation ). "Michael" was born into this mortal existence as the man "Adam, the father of all, the prince of all, the ancient of days" (see Doctrine and Covenants and ). Mormons also consider Adam to be the first among all the prophets on earth. Brigham Young and other early leaders spoke favorably about the Adam-God theory but it did not become church doctrine.

The Latter Day Saints hold the belief that the "Fall" was not a tragedy, but a necessary part of God's plan. They believe that Adam and Eve had to partake of the forbidden fruit in order to fulfill God's will, and that it is good that they did so.

Seventh-day Adventist view

Seventh-day Adventist believe that the importance of the literal creation time-line is pivotal to the story of humanity, their relationship to God, and the plan of salvation and atonement for Adam and Eve’s transgression (fall), by which all their descendants are under subjugation. The Bible states, “Since by man (Adam) came death, by man (Jesus the Christ) came also the resurrection... (I Cor. 15:21).” To disavow a literal creation and our first parents (Adam and Eve) nearly 6,000 years ago negates a fundamental, orthodox doctrine and the supremacy of the Holy Bible that the sovereign, triune God --“Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; and let them rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over the cattle and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth,” (Genesis 1:26 NASB)—according to His own purpose and counsel and for His own glory, created humanity in the Biblical/Torah account.

Islamic view

In Islam, Adam (آدم) is considered the first Prophet of God and the husband of Eve (Arabic: Hawwa' حواء) who was also created by the will of God. Satan(The Devil) had lured Adam and Eve into disobeying God by tasting from the forbidden tree (although no reference is necessary as to what he may have tasted). This was the first act of revenge from Satan for being banished from heaven due to mankind. An important point to note here is that the Qur'an states or implies that it was not Eve who tempted Adam to disobey God. They were both tempted by Satan and therefore equally guilty:

"Then began Satan to whisper suggestions to them, bringing openly before their minds all their shame that was hidden from them (before): he said: 'Your Lord only forbade you this tree, lest ye should become angels or such beings as live for ever.' And he swore to them both, that he was their sincere adviser. So by deceit he brought about their fall: when they tasted of the tree, their shame became manifest to them, and they began to sew together the leaves of the garden over their bodies. And their Lord called unto them: Did I not forbid you that tree, and tell you that Satan was an avowed enemy unto you?"

The Qur'an also mentions that Adam was misled by deception and was in fact pardoned by God after much repentance.

"Then Adam received (some) words from his Lord, so He turned to him mercifully; surely He is Oft-returning (to mercy), the Merciful."

Bahá'í view

In the Bahá'í view, Adam was the first Manifestation of God in recorded history. He is believed by Bahá'ís to have started the Adamic cycle 6000 years ago, which has culminated with Bahá'u'lláh. The Biblical story of Adam and Eve, according to Bahá'í belief, is allegorical and is explained by `Abdu'l-Bahá in Some Answered Questions.

See also

Adam Kadmon

Banu (Arabic)

Paradise Lost

Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions

Y-chromosomal Adam

Notes

Category:Burials in Hebron Category:Gnosticism Category:Hebrew Bible people Category:Old Testament saints Category:People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar Category:Prophets of Islam

Category:Book of Genesis