Pedro or the archaic Pêro is a masculine given name. It is a Portuguese, Galician and Spanish form of the name Peter,^[1] which is derived, via Latin "petra", from the Greek word "η πετρα" meaning "stone, rock".^[2] The name Peter itself is a translation of the Aramaic Kephas or Cephas meaning "stone".

Pedro may refer to:

People[link]

Monarchs[link]

• Pedro I of Portugal
• Pedro II of Portugal
• Pedro III of Portugal
• Pedro IV of Portugal, also Pedro I of Brazil
• Pedro V of Portugal
• Pedro II of Brazil
• Pedro of Castile
• Peter I of Aragon and Navarre, also known as Pedro I
• Peter II of Aragon
• Peter III of Aragon
• Peter IV of Aragon
• Peter V of Aragon, also Pedro IV of Barcelona

Politicians and leaders[link]

• Pedro Aguirre Cerda, Chilean political figure
• Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, President of Argentina from 1955 to 1958
• Pedro Lascuráin, President of Mexico
• Pedro Nel Ospina, Colombian general and political figure
• Pedro Pablo Ramírez, President of Argentina from 1943 to 1944
• Pedro Rosselló, Governor of Puerto Rico from 1993 to 2001

In sports[link]

• Pedro Acosta, Venezuelan football player
• Pedro Aroche, Mexican race walker
• Pedro Collins, West Indian cricketer
• Pedro de la Rosa, Spanish racing driver
• Pedro Diniz, Brazilian racing driver
• Pedro Hernández Martínez (born 1978), Spanish football player
• Pedro Iznaga, Cuban volleyball player
• Pedro Lima, Angolan swimmer
• Pedro Martínez, American baseball player
• Pedro Miguel Pauleta, Portuguese football player
• Pedro Morales, Puerto Rican professional wrestler
• Pedro Pérez, Cuban triple jumper
• Pedro Pineda, Mexican football player
• Pedro Rodríguez (cyclist), Ecuadorian cyclist
• Pedro Rodriguez (racing driver), Mexican Grand Prix racer
• Pedro Rodríguez Ledesma, FC Barcelona football player
• Pedro Antonio Sánchez Moñino (born 1987), Spanish football player
• Pedro Santa Cecilia (born 1984), Spanish football player
• Pedro Senatore Ramos, Ecuadorian football referee
• Pedro da Silva (athlete), Brazilian decathlete
• Pedro Roberto Silva Botelho, Brazilian footballer
• Pedro Zabála, Bolivian footballer

Explorers[link]

• Pedro Álvares Cabral, Portuguese navigator and explorer
• Pedro Escobar, Portuguese explorer who discovered São Tomé and Príncipe
• Pedro Teixeira, Portuguese explorer

Other[link]

• Pedro Almodóvar, Spanish filmmaker
• Pedro Dimas, Mexican musician
• Pedro Duro, Spanish businessman
• Pedro Gomez (dance instructor), Cuban Salsa dance instructor
• Pedro Gomez (sports reporter), American television reporter
• Pedro López, South American serial killer
• Pedro Nunes, Portuguese mathematician
• Pedro Páez, Spanish Jesuit missionary in Ethiopia
• Pedro Rodriguez (NASA), Puerto Rican scientist and inventor
• Pedro Rodriguez (soldier), Puerto Rican Korean War hero

Fictional characters[link]

• Pedro, from The Power of Five novel series by Anthony Horowitz
• Pedro, a character from the Excel Saga manga series
• Don Pedro, a character from Much Ado About Nothing, a comedy by William Shakespeare
• Pedro the Mail Burro, mascot of the Boy Scouting magazine Boys' Life
• Pedro Sanchez, a main character from the film Napoleon Dynamite
• Pedro, another name of Panama Joe, a character from Montezuma's Revenge (video game)
• Pedro, in the Sam & Max Season Two video game series
• Pedro, mascot of South of the Border roadside attraction
• Pedro, a Red-crested Cardinal from "Rio (film)"

Geography[link]

• Pedro, South Dakota, a ghost town in South Dakota ^[3]

References[link]

1. ^ MFnames.com - Origin and Meaning of Pedro
2. ^ MFnames.com - Origin and Meaning of Peter
3. ^ www.keystonechamber.com

This page or section lists people that share the same given name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article.

José Pedro Infante Cruz (November 18, 1917^[1][2] – April 15, 1957), better known as Pedro Infante, is one of the most famous actors and singers of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema and is an idol of the Latinamerican people, together with Jorge Negrete and Javier Solís, who were styled the Tres Gallos Mexicanos (the Three Mexican Roosters). Infante was born in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico. He was raised in Guamúchil. He died on April 15, 1957, in Mérida, Yucatán, in a plane crash during a flight that he was piloting himself en route to Mexico City.

His film career began in 1939 with him appearing in more than 60 films, and starting in 1943, he recorded about 350 songs. For his performance in the movie Tizoc, he was awarded the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 7th Berlin International Film Festival.^[3]

Childhood and early career[link]

Son of Delfino Infante García, who played the double bass in a band, and Refugio Cruz Aranda, he was the third of fifteen children, of which nine survived. Although the Infante Cruz family stayed for some time at Mazatlán, in the early 1919 they moved to Guamuchil. Later in 1920, they moved to Rosario, Sinaloa.

From teenager, Infante showed talent and affection for music. He managed to learn strings, wind, and percussion instruments in a short time. He was a guitar student of Carlos R. Hubbard.

His wife María Luisa León, who was somewhat well-off economically, convinced him of the need to move to Mexico City where they would find opportunities for this talented young man.

In Mexico City, he sang the songs of composers including Alberto Cervantes (Alberto Raúl Cervantes González [1]), José Alfredo Jiménez, Cuco Sánchez, Tomás Méndez, Rubén Fuentes, Salvador Flores Rivera (Chava Flores) and others. His first musical recording El Soldado Raso (The Soldier) was made on November 19, 1943, for the Peerless Records Company. Infante first appeared as an extra in the movie En un Burro Tres Baturros (Three Men from Aragon on a Donkey), literally translated as "On a Donkey, Three Baturros'"'. His career as an actor in leading roles started with La Feria de Las Flores (The Fair of Flowers), literally translated as "The Flower Carnival" in 1943. In that same year, a friend and neighbor of Infantes' wife, Carmen Barajas Sandoval, offered to introduce them to Jorge Negrete, a singer whom he admired. Barajas, who knew people in the business as she was the aunt of the child actress Angélica María, worked then at The Sindicat Of Workers of the Movies Production, S.T.P.C. (Workers of the Cinematographic Production Union). She succeeded in convincing Negrete to recommend Infante to the producer Ismael Rodríguez, and others. As a result, he was invited to appear in different pictures, such as Vuelve el Ametralladora (The Machine Gun Returns)

While married to María Luisa León, he met the dancer Lupita Torrentera, with whom he had three children, Graciela Margarita (b. 1947), Pedro Infante Jr. (March 31, 1950 - April 1, 2009) and Guadalupe Infante Torrentera (b. 1951), solidifying his reputation as a ladies' man. Irma Infante was born from his relationship with the young actress Irma Dorantes, whom he met when she was only 16 years of age. Irma Infante has had a career as an actress and a singer.

Actor[link]

His natural talent for acting was made evident in such pictures as:

• Tizoc, along with María Félix, which gained him the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 7th Berlin International Film Festival.^[3]

• The massive migration from the countryside to the cities (mostly to Mexico City) during the 1940s fed the required labor force for rising manufacturing industries. This urbanization created the "working neighborhoods" and the culture of "la vecindad" (group of small apartments around a common patio), and found in Pedro Infante an identifiable icon for these, the new urban working class, with his character Pepe el Toro (Pepe the Bull) in the melodramatic trilogy made up of Nosotros los pobres, Ustedes los ricos, and Pepe el Toro (We the Poor, You the Rich, and Pepe the Bull), costarring with Evita Muñoz "Chachita".

• He worked with Sara García ("Mexico's grandmother") in many movies for Mexican cinema. Sara Garcia frequently played the role of his loving but "no nonsense" grandmother in their movies together, in which she constantly tried to get him to behave, but never succeeded.

• If that same urbanizing population had the nostalgia for the rural life, and with it the popularity of ranchera music and the idealized charro, it was not until he played the poor carpenter with a strong chilango (Mexico City) accent that Pedro Infante achieved a status, at least in Mexico, at the same level of celebrity such as Cantinflas, the Soler Brothers and even Jorge Negrete and María Félix. Despite that, he kept on playing the role of the charro and even the northern Mexican rancher (perhaps his most authentic character) in Ahí viene Martín Corona (Here comes Martín Corona) in 1951 and Los Hijos de María Morales (The Sons of María Morales) in 1952. When Jorge Negrete died in 1953, Pedro was no longer in the shadow of the international idol, even though Pedro was very affected by the disappearance of his idol. During his burial service some saw him slightly inebriated, a rare sight given that Infante was not a drinker.

• The Mexican child star María Eugenia Llamas, who was only four at the time, made her screen debut with him in the 1948 movie classic, "Los Tres Huastecos" ("The Three Men from Hausteca") as "La Tucita", a screen name she has used ever since.^[4] She played with him again under the sceen name La Tucita in his classic 1949 film comedy, "Dicen que Soy un Mujeriego" ("They Say I am a Womanizer").

• One of his better roles was that of Juventino Rosas in the movie "Sobre las Olas" ("Over the Waves"), based on the life of the Mexican waltz composer. Infante's natural musical abilities contributed to helping him to get into character.

• An important point in his career as an actor was winning the Ariel Award given by the Mexican Academy of Arts and Cinematographic Sciences for Best Actor for his role in La Vida No Vale Nada (Life is Worth Nothing, a line from the song Camino de Guanajuato).

Musical interpretations[link]

Waltzes, cha-cha-chas, rancheras and boleros placed him among the most popular singers of the mariachi and ranchera music.

Some of his most popular songs include: Amorcito Corazón (approximately My Little Love and Heart), Te Quiero Así (I Love You Like This), La Que Se Fue (She Who Left), Corazón (Heart), El Durazno (The Peach), Dulce Patria (Sweet Fatherland), Maldita Sea Mi Suerte (Cursed Be My Luck), Así Es La vida (Life Is Like This), Mañana Rosalía (Tomorrow Rosalía), Mi Cariñito (My Little Darling), Dicen Que Soy Mujeriego (They Say I Am A Womanizer), Carta a Eufemia (Letter to Eufemia), Nocturnal, Cien Años (Hundred Years), Flor Sin Retoño (Flower Without Sprout), Pénjamo, and ¿Qué Te Ha Dado Esa Mujer? (What Has That Woman Given You?). He sang "Mi Cariñito" to his frequent on screen grandmother, Sara Garcia, so many times in so many of their movies together, that it was played at her funeral.^[5]

The world famous song Bésame Mucho ("Kiss Me a Lot", or more loosely translated to get its elusive Spanish meaning closer to its English meaning, "Give Me a Lot of Kisses"), from the composer Consuelo Velázquez, was the only melody that he recorded in English and he interpreted it in the movie A Toda Máquina (ATM) (At Full Speed), with Luis Aguilar.

"Amorcito Corazón", by Manuel Esperón is one of Infante's most famous interpretations.

Infante was very often accompanied by the great musical ensembles of the time like the Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán, Noé Fajardo's Orchestra, the Trío Calaveras and Antonio Bribiesca, among others.

By then, Pedro Infante had already created his characteristic mariachi shout

Death and homages[link]

Infante was a fanatic of aviation, a hobby that would lead to his death. According to Wilbert Alonzo-Cabrera, his biographer, the actor was piloting a Consolidated Aircraft X B-24-D (a variant of the B-24 Liberator), which had been converted from heavy bomber war airplane to air cargo in San Diego, California. The plane crashed 5 minutes after taking off from Mérida, Yucatán, in southeast Mexico.

The death of Pedro Infante on the morning of April 15, 1957, was announced by radio personality Humberto Rodríguez, of radio station XEMH of Mérida, after one of the firefighters discovered the bracelet engraved with the name "Pedro Infante", plus the winged insignia that symbolized his aviator license. This was around 8:15 am; at 11:12 am, Manuel Bernal, of Mexico City radio station XEW, gave the news saying: "this Monday, April 15, 1957, Pedro, our beloved Pedro...this has been confirmed, has died in a tragic accident in Mérida, Yucatán".

Year after year Pedro Infante attracts a great number of fans of every age to his shrine in the Panteón Jardín of Mexico City, as well as one at 54th through 87th streets in the center of Mérida. Pedro Infante died amongst friends: mechanic Marciano Bautista, and copilot Manuel Vidal. Many friends, family and fans still dress up as the characters that he played in film: Pedro Chávez, Pepe el Toro, Tizoc and a number of people incarnated from the Mexican culture that Infante symbolized. His fans honor him every year with a mass, honor guards, music and the songs made famous by the Idol of Guamúchil. Until now they have all been spontaneous, without any official authority or institution organizing them.^[6]

Four statues have been erected in his honor. The one in Mexico City was made out of thousands of bronze keys donated by his fans to a Mexico City TV station after a request by TV director Raúl Velasco. For the statue in Mérida another TV presenter (Manuel Pelayo) made a request and received keys. The third statue is in his birthplace, Mazatlán, Sinaloa. At the Paseo de Olas Altas at Mazatlán there is a statue of Pedro Infante on a motorcycle, in honor of his role in the movie A Toda Máquina ("ATM") with Luis Aguilar and "¿Qué te ha dado esa mujer?" also with Luis Aguilar, Rosita Arenas and Carmen Montejo. The fourth statue is in the town square of Guamúchil, his adopted home town.

The social phenomenon of Pedro Infante[link]

The Mexican idol died intestate. [2] Because of this, the main beneficiaries of his legacy have been the producers of the extremely successful movies in which he starred, as well as the "Peerless" music company [3] (now associated with Warner Music), and thanks to the large income his pictures and songs still generate, they are the ones who have contributed greatly to promoting and updating him.

He represented not only the fun-loving and partying charro, but also the urban hero of the working class, and it was this character that won him the love and admiration of the public in Mexico and other countries, such as Venezuela and Guatemala.^[7]

According to producer Jorge Madrid y Campos, who was also his legal representative, Pedro Infante's fame has increased greatly since his death. The presence of so many admirers at his shrine on the anniversary of his death is remarkable, as are the musical tributes from singers of the ranchera and mariachi genres that pay homage to him. As Mexican American author, Denise Chavez, in her book "Loving Pedro Infante" put it humorously, "If you're a [Mexican], and don't know who he is, you should be tied to a hot stove with a yucca rope and beaten with sharp dry corn husks as you stand in a vat of soggy fideos. If your racial and cultural background ethncity is Other, then it's about time you learned about the most famous of Mexican singers and actors."^[8]

Some fanatics even speculated that his death was faked.^[9] They believed in the possibility that he was living "in hiding" somewhere; there have also been cases, reported in the Mexican press, of people who claim to be Infante. These cases are similar, in a sense, to other famous deceased celebrities, such as Elvis Presley, Anastasia, 2pac, or Jim Morrison,with people claiming to be these individuals.

Filmography[link]

• El Organillero (The Organ Grinder) (1939)
• En Un Burro Tres Baturros (Three Men of Aragon on a Donkey) (1939)
• Puedes Irte De Mí (You Can Leave Me) (1940)
• Jesusita En Chihuahua (Jesusita in Chihuahua) (1942)
• La Razón De La Culpa (The Reason Of The Blame) (1942)
• La Feria De Las Flores (The Fair of Flowers) (1942)
• Arriba Las Mujeres (Up With The Women) (1943)
• Cuando Habla El Corazón (When The Heart Speaks) (1943)
• ¡Viva Mi Desgracia! (Long Live My Bad Luck!) (1943)
• Mexicanos al grito de guerra (Mexicans at the Cry of War) (1943)
• Escándalo De Estrellas (The Stars' Scandal) (1944)
• Cuando Lloran Los Valientes (When The Brave Weep) (1945)
• Si Me Han De Matar Mañana (If They Should Kill Me Tomorrow) (1946)
• Los Tres García (The Three Garcías) (1946)
• Vuelven Los García (The Garcías Return) (1946)
• Soy Charro De Rancho Grande (I Am a Charro Of Rancho Grande) (1947)
• Nosotros los pobres (We The Poor) (1947)
• La Barca De Oro (The Golden Boat) (1947)
• Cartas Marcadas (Marked Cards) (1947)
• Ustedes los ricos (You The Rich) (1948)
• Dicen Que Soy Mujeriego (They Say I'm A Womanizer) (1948)
• Los Tres Huastecos (The Three Huastecos) (1948)
• Angelitos Negros (Little Black Angels) (1948)
• No Desearás La Mujer De Tu Hijo (You Shall Not Covet Thy Son's Wife) (1949)
• La Oveja Negra (The Black Sheep) (1949)
• La Mujer Que Yo Perdí (The Woman That I Lost) (1949)
• El Seminarista (The Seminarian) (1949)
• Sobre Las Olas (Over The Waves) (1950)
• El Gavilán Pollero (The Chickenhawk) (1950)
• Las Mujeres De Mi General (My General's Women) (1950)
• También De Dolor Se Canta (Singing Also From Pain) (1950)
• Islas Marías (1950)
• A.T.M. A Toda Máquina! (At Full Speed) (1951)
• ¡¿Qué Te Ha Dado Esa Mujer?! (What Has That Woman Given You?) (1951)
• Ahí Viene Martín Corona (There Comes Martín Corona) (1951)
• Necesito Dinero (I Need Money) (1951)
• El Enamorado (The Lover) (1951)
• Un Rincón Cerca Del Cielo (A Place Near Heaven) (1952)
• Ahora Soy Rico (Now I Am Rich) (1952)
• Dos Tipos De Cuidado (Two Guys To Be Afraid Of) (1952)
• Por Ellas Aunque Mal Paguen (For Them Although They Pay Badly) (1952)
• Ansiedad (Anxiety) (1952)
• Sí, Mi Vida (Yes, My Dear) (1952)
• Había Una Vez Un Marido (There Once Was A Husband) (1952)
• Pepe el Toro (Pepe The Bull) (1952)
• Los Hijos De María Morales (The Sons Of María Morales) (1952)
• Gitana Tenías Que Ser (You Had To Be Gypsy) (1953)
• Reportaje (News Article) (1953)
• Cuidado Con El Amor (Beware With Love) (1954)
• Los Gavilanes (The Sparrowhawks) (1954)
• Pueblo, Canto Y Esperanza (People, Song And Hope) (1954)
• La Vida No Vale Nada (Life's Worth Nothing) (1954)
• Escuela De Vagabundos (School Of Vagabonds) (1954)
• El Mil Amores (The Thousands Lover) (1954)
• Escuela De Música (School Of Music) (1955)
• La Tercera Palabra (The Third Word) (1955)
• El Inocente (The Innocent) (1956)
• Pablo Y Carolina (Pablo And Carolina) (1956)
• Tizoc (1957)
• Escuela De Rateros (School Of Thieves) (1957)

References[link]

External links[link]

English

• Pedro Infante at the Internet Movie Database

Spanish

• Pedro Infante at ILCE
• Biography of Pedro Infante at Univisión

v t e Cinema of Mexico Actors Directors Films A-Z Cinematographers Editors Producers Screenwriters Films by year 1896–1919 1920s 1930s 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Jorge Alberto Negrete Moreno (November 30, 1911 - December 5, 1953) is considered one of the most popular Mexican singers and actors of all time.

Life and career[link]

Negrete was born in Guanajuato where he was raised together with his brother and three sisters: David, Consuelo, Emilia and Teresa, and also lived in San Luis Potosí. He graduated with the rank of sub-lieutenant from El Colegio Militar, Mexico's military academy.

Handsome, with a very strong will and a trained, fascinating voice, he is still a top icon in Mexico, Spain and Latin America, more than 50 years after his death. His recording of "México Lindo y Querido" ("Beautiful and Beloved México"), his country's unofficial anthem, is the best known recording of the song. His career is often compared to that of Pedro Infante, the most popular Mexican actor of the time. The public rivalry didn't carry over to their private lives, as they were close friends until Negrete's death.

He married twice, to famous actresses with whom he shared credits: Elisa Christy^[1] (with whom he had a daughter, Diana Negrete) and María Félix. He also lived with his frequent co-star, for more than ten years. Gloria Marín co-starred in 10 out of his 44 films.

He started his career singing on the radio in 1931 in Mexico City singing operatic parts. In 1936 he signed with NBC for a television program with Cuban and Mexican musicians. He returned to Mexico in 1937 to act in the film "La Madrina Del Diablo" ("The Devil's Godmother") and because of the success of the film he was able to sign for several more the next three years. In 1938 he starred in "La Valentina" with Elisa Christy and then in "Juntos Pero No Revueltos" ("Together But Not Mixed").

After working in Havana and Hollywood he was called to act in "¡Ay Jalisco, No Te Rajes!" ("Hey Jalisco, Don't Back Down!") which made him an international Latin star and helped formulate the charro film genre. Filming this movie he met Gloria Marín, starting their romance and the string of movies they filmed together. He complemented his film career by singing rancheras with the trio Los Tres Calaveras and touring Latin America, singing concerts and making personal appearances.

He was offered the main role in "El Peñón de las Ánimas" ("The Rock of Souls") and wanted Marín to be his co-star. In spite of his protests, newcomer María Félix became his star and eventually his wife, although they at first despised each other while filming the movie.

He was one of the founders, and the most important leader, of the Mexican Actors Association (ANDA), succeeding Mario Moreno "Cantinflas" as its chairman. He was a fierce advocate for the rights of film professionals in Mexico.

Death and aftermath[link]

Negrete died in 1953 in Los Angeles at the age of forty-two during a professional visit, of hepatitis, an illness with which he had been infected while working as a musician in New York. According to his wishes, his body was flown back to, and buried in, Mexico City. He had only one daughter Diana Negrete (professional singer) and five grandchildren, of which two of them are also professional singers Lorenzo and Rafael Negrete.

He was the first to die of the Tres Gallos Mexicanos, or 'Three Mexican Roosters' (as he, Infante and Javier Solís, a younger star, were called; the three died within a span of 13 years).

Thousands of fans attended his funeral and followed the hearse to the cemetery, El Panteón Jardín, where he was buried in the actors corner. On December 5, the anniversary of his death, fans still pay tribute to the El Charro Cantor (Singing Mexican Cowboy) at his tomb, and television and radio stations stage marathons of his films and songs.

The centennial of his birth was commemorated in 2011. Several tribute concerts and presentations took place throughout Mexico and some European countries with Hispanic culture and heritage.

Filmography[link]

• El Rapto (The Kidnapping) (1953)
• Reportaje (Reporting) (1953)
• Dos tipos de cuidado (Two Careful Fellows) (1953)
• Tal para cual (To each his own) (1952)
• Un Gallo en corral ajeno (The Straying Rooster) (1952)
• Los Tres alegres compadres (The Three Merry Pals) (1952)
• Hay un niño en su futuro (There is a child in your future) (1952)
• Siempre tuya (Forever Yours) (1952)
• Lluvia roja (Red Rain) (1950)
• La Posesión (Possession) (1950)
• Teatro Apolo (Apollo Theater) (1950)
• Una Gallega en México (A Galician in Mexico)(1949)
• Jalisco canta en Sevilla (Jalisco sings in Seville) (1949)
• Allá en el Rancho Grande (Out On the Big Ranch) (1949)
• Si Adelita se fuera con otro (If Adelita went out with another) (1948)
• Gran Casino (1947)
• El Ahijado de la muerte (Death's godson) (1946)
• En tiempos de la inquisición (In the Times of the Inquisition) (1946)
• No Basta ser charro (It's not enough to be a Charro) (1946)
• Canaima aka El Dios del mal (The God of Evil) (1945)
• Hasta que perdió Jalisco (1945)
• Me he de comer esa tuna Mexico aka El día que me quieras (1945)
• Camino de Sacramento (1945)
• Cuando quiere un mexicano aka La Gauchita y el charro (1944)
• El Rebelde (The Rebel) (1943)
• Una carta de amor (A Love Letter) (1943)
• Tierra de pasiones (Land of Passions) (1943)
• Aquí llegó el valentón aka El Fanfarrón (1943)
• El Jorobado aka Enrique de Lagardere (The Hunchback) (1943)
• El Peñon de las Animas (The Rock of Souls) (1942)
• Así se quiere en Jalisco (This is how One Loves in Jalisco) (1942)
• Historia de un gran amor (Story of a Great Love) (1942)
• Cuando viajan las estrellas (When Travel the Stars) (1942)
• Seda, sangre y sol (Silk, Blood and Sun) (1942)
• Fiesta (Gaiety) (1941)
• ¡Ay Jalisco, no te rajes! (Jalisco, Don't Back Down!) (1941)
• Una Luz en mi camino (A Light on My Way) (1939)
• Juntos, pero no revueltos (Together, Not Mixed) (1939)
• El Cementerio de las águilas (The Cemetery of the Eagles) (1939)
• Juan sln miedo (1939) (Fearless John)
• Perjura (Perjurer) (1938)
• Caminos de ayer (Roads of Yesterday) (1938)
• La Valentina (1938)
• La Madrina del diablo (The Devil's Godmother) (1937)

References[link]

External links[link]

Biography portal

• Brief biography (Spanish)
• Jorge Negrete at the Internet Movie Database
• Negrete's official website
• Brief biography and full filmography, compiled by Rita Lynn Wilson, of UTSA
• Rafael Negrete (performing grandson) official site
• Lorenzo Negrete (performing grandson) official site
• Homenaje a Jorge Negrete en Suiza
• Sites and events about Negrete
• Spanish fan club
• Jorge Negrete at Find a Grave

v t e Cinema of Mexico Actors Directors Films A-Z Cinematographers Editors Producers Screenwriters Films by year 1896–1919 1920s 1930s 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (August 2008)

His Excellency Pedro Santana Lopes
Prime Minister of Portugal
In office 17 July 2004 – 12 March 2005 (&100000000000000000000000 years, &10000000000000238000000238 days)
President	Jorge Sampaio
Preceded by	José Manuel Durão Barroso
Succeeded by	José Sócrates
Personal details
Born	(1956-06-29) 29 June 1956 (age 55) Lisbon
Political party	Social Democratic
Profession	Lawyer politician
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Pedro Miguel de Santana Lopes (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpedɾu sɐ̃ˈtɐnɐ ˈlɔpɨʃ]; born 29 June 1956), a Portuguese lawyer and politician, was Prime Minister of Portugal from 2004 to 2005. He is a former and current Member of the Portuguese Parliament.

Background[link]

Santana Lopes was born in Lisbon, Campo Grande, to Aníbal Luís Lopes (b. Lisbon, São Sebastião da Pedreira, 17 February 1933), a company administrator whose maternal grandfather's maternal grandfather was a relative of famous Portuguese Miguelist outlaw and bandit João Brandão,^[1] and wife (m. Lisbon, São Sebastião da Pedreira, 27 February 1954) Maria Ivone Risques Pereira de Santana (Lisbon, São Sebastião da Pedreira, 3 May 1931 – Lisbon, 23 March 1999), a half-great-great-great-niece of the 2nd Baron of Brissos.

Biography[link]

He graduated as a Licentiate in Law from the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon, where he was Leader of the Student Union, becoming a lawyer. He joined the Portuguese Social Democratic Party (PSD) in 1976, and has remained a member ever since. There he started his career as a Deputy to the Assembly of the Republic.

In 1979, he became a legal advisor to Prime Minister Francisco Sá Carneiro, and has identified himself as a follower of his for all his political life.

In 1986, he became Assistant State Secretary to Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva, an office he left the next year to lead to PSD list to the European Parliament, where he remained for two years of his five-year-term.

In 1991, Cavaco Silva appointed him to the government post of Secretary of State for Culture. Leaving office, he successively ran for, and won, 43rd President of Sporting Clube de Portugal (1995–1996),^[2] winning the 1994/1995 Taça de Portugal in soccer, Mayor of Figueira da Foz (the only time that he completed a term in office), and Mayor of Lisbon. During this period he also earned a living as a sports and political commentator and founded a weekly newspaper, Semanário. In 1998, he announced his withdrawal from politics, following a comical sketch in private TV station which presented him and his private life in a very unfavourable light.

After three unsuccessful attempts to become leader of his party, Santana Lopes rose to Vice-President under José Manuel Durão Barroso, who had once called him "a mix of Zandinga (astrologer) and Gabriel Alves (sports commentator)." ^[1] When Barroso resigned in July 2004 to take up the Presidency of the European Commission, Santana Lopes became the PSD leader and President. As his party was the major partner in the coalition government at the time, he also moved to Prime Minister, suspending his term as Mayor of Lisbon.

Meanwhile he also had a political analysis jaunt with José Sócrates on RTP's Telejornal.

Prime minister[link]

The leadership of Santana Lopes was made difficult by a number of inherited economic and political problems. When his party first took power, the country’s economy was in a poor state, with a rising government-spending deficit, partially because of policies focused on public expenditure by the previous governments (led by António Guterres of the Socialist Party) and the early 2000s recession. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit, "Portugal became the first country to breach the EU's 'excessive deficit' rule with a budget deficit of 4.4% of GDP in 2001, well above the 3% of GDP ceiling set by the EU's Stability and Growth Pact."^[3] The situation inherited by Santana Lopes was a little better, as the previous government led by Barroso had been able to comply with European Union directives regarding the deficit by selling State assets.

Santana Lopes himself failed to gain a reputation as a competent Prime Minister.^{[citation needed]} His unusual rise to power, as Barroso's successor rather than by election, contributed to these difficulties. Although his appointment was in fact constitutional, he was not a Member of Parliament but only a municipal leader, as the Mayor of Lisbon, and many columnists thus saw him as an illegitimate Prime Minister,^{[citation needed]} a view shared by a large section of the public.^{[citation needed]}

The short career of Santana Lopes as Prime Minister began with some members of government being shuffled between departments on the same afternoon as the government was being inaugurated. His Minister of Defense Paulo Portas looked surprised during the ceremony when he was announced as the Minister for National Defense and Sea Affairs. Portas' look of surprise when the name of his office was announced was broadcast live on television.

Santana Lopes' period in office was also marked by chaos in the allocation of teachers to schools^{[citation needed]} (more than a month after classes officially started, and resulting from alleged incompetence of the IT provider (designated during the previous Government); the problem was swiftly solved by another small provider), and by claims of pressure exerted on the press, including arranging for the replacement of the information director of the public television channel RTP, and pressing private television channel TVI to tone down the criticism of him by a political commentator, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa,^{[citation needed]} a former leader of his own party, who consequently left the channel.

The government of Santana Lopes received its death sentence on 30 November 2004 when President Jorge Sampaio announced that he was calling an early Parliament election for February 2005, from which a new government would be formed, after Henrique Chaves, a Santana Lopes loyalist, resigned after four days as Minister for Sport, claiming that Santana Lopes lacked "loyalty and truth".^[2]

Santana Lopes announced the resignation of the government on 11 December so that his Government would assume just a caretaker role until the election. He went on to lead his party to its worst result in parliamentary elections in Portugal; the election of 20 February 2005 was won by the Socialist Party led by José Sócrates, with whom Santana Lopes had debated every Sunday for one year on the public television station, RTP. Santana Lopes did not follow his coalition partner Paulo Portas and did not resign on election night, instead leaving the party leadership two days later.

Two days after the inauguration of the new government, he returned to complete his term as mayor of Lisbon. However, when his party failed to endorse him as a candidate for the 2005 municipal elections, he resigned his office one month before the vote, to assume his seat in the Parliament, which he immediately suspended to return to.

Gaffes[link]

Santana Lopes is known for his Quaylesque gaffes,^{[citation needed]} which include:

• claiming that the non-existent Chopin violin concertos were his favourite pieces of classical music;^{[citation needed]}
• having his secretary send a postcard to Brazilian author Machado de Assis, who died in 1908;^{[citation needed]}
• calling a press conference to announce a threat on his life when in fact he had received a teaser mailing for a book titled Cuidado com os Rapazes ("Watch out for the boys");^{[citation needed]}
• announcing that he would leave politics in protest at his private life being parodied on a TV show, if the President didn't intervene (he didn't);^{[citation needed]}
• seeming to have missed a formal reception for the Mozambican Minister of Foreign Affairs in order to attend a fashion show;^{[citation needed]}
• postponing the inauguration of some of his Secretaries of State in order to attend a wedding;^{[citation needed]}
• appearing lost in the middle of his inauguration speech, with long and embarrassing silences, confusing pages and looking nervous (he said in an interview to the Expresso newspaper that it was hot that day, people had already fainted in the audience and he himself wasn't feeling too well, so he'd tried to cut the speech short);^{[citation needed]}
• in the Portuguese Parliament, in 2008, saying that the country was emitting too many kilowatts of carbon dioxide. The latter is a substance and thus is measured in tons; a kilowatt is a power unit.^{[citation needed]}

Bibliography[link]

• Co-author with José Manuel Durão Barroso: Sistema de Governo e Sistema Partidário, Livraria Bertrand, 1980.
• Os Sistemas de Governos Mistos e o actual Sistema Português, Difel Editorial, 2001.
• Percepções e Realidade, Alêtheia Editores, 2006.

Footnotes[link]

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2011)

Pedro Santana y Familias, 1st Marquis of Las Carreras
1st President of the Dominican Republic
In office November 13, 1844 – August 4, 1848
Succeeded by	Manuel Jimenes
4th President of the Dominican Republic
In office February 15, 1853 – May 26, 1856
Vice President	Felipe Benicio Alfau Bustamante (1854) Manuel de Regla Mota y Alvarez (1854-1856)
Preceded by	Buenaventura Báez
Succeeded by	Manuel de Regla Mota
8th President of the Dominican Republic
In office July 28, 1858 – March 18, 1861
Vice President	Benigno Filomeno de Rojas y Ramos
Preceded by	José Desiderio Valverde
Succeeded by	Annexation to Spain
1st Governors-General of Santo Domingo
In office March 18, 1861 – July 20, 1862
Preceded by	Himself as President
Succeeded by	Felipe Ribero
Supreme Chief of the Dominican Republic
In office May 30, 1849 – September 23, 1849
Preceded by	Manuel Jimenes
Succeeded by	Buenaventura Báez
Personal details
Born	(1801-06-29)June 29, 1801 Hinche, Colony of Santo Domingo (Presently part of Haiti)
Died	June 16, 1864(1864-06-16) (aged 62) Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Spouse(s)	Micaela Antonia Rivera Ana Zorrilla
Religion	Catholic

Pedro Santana y Familias (Pedro Santana y Familias, 1st Marquis of Las Carreras) (June 29, 1801 – June 14, 1864) was a wealthy cattle rancher, soldier, politician and dictator of the Dominican Republic. He was born in the community of Hinche, which was part of the Colony of Santo Domingo. Currently, Hinche is a border town part of Haiti. He was the first constitutional President of the Dominican Republic, and the first Marqués de las Carreras.

Background[link]

His parents were Pedro Santana and Petronila Familias, landowners in the border zone. Around 1805, Santana moved with his family to El Cibao, and later to El Seibo at the eastern part of the country, where he eventually became a cattle rancher for 2 years.

Military and political role[link]

He held the office of the presidency during the years 1844-1848, 1853–1856, and 1858-1861 (when Spain annexed the country). Thereafter, Santana became Governor, with the rank of Captain General of the territory. He continued in this post until 1862. He also received the Spanish noble title of Marqués de las Carreras, which was given as a recognition to his victory in the Battle of Las Carreras.

Santana was characterized by his great military talents, dictatorial tendencies, annexationist desires, and meticulousness in public affairs. Politically, his actions are criticized by many historians, though without doubt he was a great soldier, which is demonstrated by his participation in numerous battles, including: Battle of March 19; Azua in 1844; and Battle of Las Carreras. He also fought with distinction in the Revolution of July 7, 1857, when the residents of Cibao placed the revolutionary army under his command.

The Congress of the Dominican Republic awarded him the title of “Liberator of the Nation” on July 18, 1849 for his victory in the Batalla de las Carreras.

As a Dictator[link]

He is considered a brilliant military strategist, and was a key figure in the successful separation of the Dominican Republic from Haiti. But many^[who?] historians think that some of his later actions barred him from becoming a genuine national hero.

• After he drove the Haitian army out of the country in the Dominican War of Independence, he almost immediately moved to eliminate the very Independentists that fought alongside him. Santana felt that the new nation could not survive without being annexed to Spain, which the Trinitarian Independentists did not accept.

• He relentlessly arrested or exiled members of La Trinitaria. The very first person that was forced out of the country was Juan Pablo Duarte, founding father of the new Dominican Republic.

• Santana attacked María Trinidad Sánchez, the first heroine of the Republic and aunt of Francisco del Rosario Sánchez of the Founding Fathers of the nation. She and Concepción Bona made the first national flag. Santana imprisoned her, tortured her, and sentenced her to death when she refused to name "conspirators" against him in the newly independent republic. Exactly one year after the proclamation of Independence (February 27, 1845) María Trinidad Sánchez was executed by a firing squad. This made her the first (but not last) female martyr of the republic [1].

• After being defeated in the elections of 1848, he reluctantly handed over the presidency to Manuel Jiménes, only to overthrow him by force less than a year later.

Last years[link]

On June 16, 1864, Pedro Santana died in the city of Santo Domingo, shortly after having been awarded the hereditary title of Marqués de las Carreras (28 March 1862) by Queen Isabel II of Spain, and was buried in the Ozama Fortress next to the Torre del Homenaje.

External links[link]

• Dominican Republic Heads of State - www.archontology.org
• Pedro Santana Familias - www.27febrero.com (in Spanish) by Miosotis de Jesus