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The year 1952 in film involved some significant events.

Events[link]

• January 10 - Cecil B. DeMille's circus epic, The Greatest Show on Earth, premieres at Radio City Music Hall in New York City.
• February 20 - The film The African Queen opens (Capitol Theater in New York City).
• March 27 - The MGM musical Singin' in the Rain premieres at Radio City Music Hall in New York City.
• September 30 - The Cinerama widescreen system, invented by Fred Waller, debuts with the film This Is Cinerama.
• November 27 - Bwana Devil, the first American, feature-length, color 3-D film, is released, and begins the demand for 3-D films that lasts for the next two years.
• May Britt debuts in Jolanda la figlia del corsaro nero (Jolanda, the Daughter of the Black Corsair)

Top grossing films (U.S.)[link]

Awards[link]

Academy Awards:

Best Picture: The Greatest Show on Earth - DeMille, Paramount

Best Director: John Ford - The Quiet Man

Best Actor: Gary Cooper - High Noon

Best Actress: Shirley Booth - Come Back, Little Sheba

Best Supporting Actor: Anthony Quinn - Viva Zapata!

Best Supporting Actress: Gloria Grahame - The Bad and the Beautiful

Golden Globe Awards:

Drama:

Best Picture: The Greatest Show on Earth

Best Actor: Gary Cooper - High Noon

Best Actress: Shirley Booth - Come Back, Little Sheba

Musical or comedy:

Best Picture: With a Song in My Heart

Best Actor: Donald O'Connor - Singin' in the Rain

Best Actress: Susan Hayward - With a Song in My Heart

Supporting Role:

Best Supporting Actor: Millard Mitchell - My Six Convicts

Best Supporting Actress: Katy Jurado - High Noon

Other

Best Director: Cecil B. DeMille - The Greatest Show on Earth

Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival):

The Tragedy of Othello: The Moor of Venice, directed by Orson Welles, United States

Two Cents Worth of Hope (Due soldi di speranza), directed by Renato Castellani, Italy

Golden Lion (Venice Film Festival):

Forbidden Games (Jeux interdits), directed by René Clément, France

Golden Bear (Berlin Film Festival):

Hon dansade en sommar (One Summer of Happiness), directed by Arne Mattsson, Sweden

Films released in 1952[link]

U.S.A. unless stated

• 5 Fingers, directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, starring James Mason

A

• Abbott and Costello Meet Captain Kidd, starring Bud Abbott and Lou Costello
• Above and Beyond
• Affair in Trinidad, starring Rita Hayworth
• Against All Flags
• Alraune, starring Hildegard Knef and Erich von Stroheim - (Germany)
• Androcles and the Lion
• Angel Face, starring Robert Mitchum and Jean Simmons
• Angels One Five, starring Jack Hawkins - (U.K.)
• April 1, 2000 - (Austria)
• The Atomic City, a thriller starring Gene Barry and Lydia Clarke

B

• The Bad and the Beautiful, starring Lana Turner, Kirk Douglas, Walter Pidgeon, Dick Powell, Barry Sullivan and Gloria Grahame
• Because You're Mine
• Bela Lugosi Meets a Brooklyn Gorilla starring Bela Lugosi
• The Belle of New York, starring Fred Astaire and Vera-Ellen
• Les Belles de nuit, directed by René Clair - (France)
• Bend of the River, starring James Stewart
• The Big Sky
• The Big Trees, starring Kirk Douglas
• The Black Castle starring Stephen McNally, Boris Karloff, and Lon Chaney, Jr.
• Blackbeard the Pirate, starring Robert Newton
• Brandy for the Parson - (U.K.)
• Brave Warrior
• Buffalo Bill in Tomahawk Territory

C-D

• Captive Women
• The Card - (U.K.)
• Carrie, starring Laurence Olivier, Jennifer Jones and Miriam Hopkins
• Carson City, starring Randolph Scott
• Casque d'or (Golden Helmet), directed by Jacques Becker, starring Simone Signoret - (France)
• Children of Hiroshima - (Japan)
• Ciguli Miguli - (Yugoslavia)
• Clash by Night, starring Barbara Stanwyck, Robert Ryan and Marilyn Monroe
• Come Back, Little Sheba, starring Burt Lancaster and Shirley Booth
• The Crimson Pirate, starring Burt Lancaster
• Derby Day, starring Anna Neagle and Michael Wilding - (U.K.)
• Diplomatic Courier, directed by Henry Hathaway, starring Tyrone Power
• Don't Bother to Knock, starring Richard Widmark and Marilyn Monroe
• Down Among the Z Men, starring The Goons - (U.K.)

E-F

• Europa '51, directed by Roberto Rossellini, starring Ingrid Bergman - (Italy)
• Fanfan la Tulipe - (France)
• Flavor of Green Tea Over Rice ( Ochazuke no aji), directed by Yasujiro Ozu - (Japan)
• Forbidden Games (Jeux interdits), directed by Rene Clement - winner of Oscar for best foreign language film - (France)

G-H

• The Golden Coach (Le Carrosse d'or), directed by Jean Renoir, starring Anna Magnani - (France/Italy)
• The Greatest Show on Earth, starring Betty Hutton, Cornel Wilde, Charlton Heston, Gloria Grahame, Dorothy Lamour and James Stewart
• Hangman's Knot
• Hans Christian Andersen, starring Danny Kaye and Farley Granger
• The Happy Family, directed by Muriel Box, starring Stanley Holloway and Kathleen Harrison - (U.K.)
• The Happy Time, starring Charles Boyer and Bobby Driscoll
• Has Anybody Seen My Gal?, starring Piper Laurie, Rock Hudson and Charles Coburn
• Hiawatha
• High Noon, directed by Fred Zinnemann, starring Gary Cooper (Oscar for best actor) and Grace Kelly
• Hunted, directed by Charles Crichton, starring Dirk Bogarde and Jon Whiteley - (U.K.)

I-J

• Ikiru (To Live), directed by Akira Kurosawa, starring Takashi Shimura - winner of Golden Bear - (Japan)
• The Importance of Being Earnest, directed by Anthony Asquith, starring Michael Redgrave - (U.K.)
• Indian Uprising
• Invasion U.S.A.
• Ivanhoe, starring Robert Taylor, Joan Fontaine and Elizabeth Taylor
• Jack and the Beanstalk, starring Bud Abbott and Lou Costello
• Japanese War Bride
• The Jazz Singer, starring Danny Thomas
• Jolanda la figlia del corsaro nero - (Italy)
• Jumping Jacks, starring Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis

K-L

• Kansas City Confidential
• Kid Monk Baroni, starring Leonard Nimoy
• The Life of Oharu (Saikaku ichidai onna), directed by Kenji Mizoguchi - (Japan)
• Lightning, directed by Mikio Naruse - (Japan)
• Limelight, directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin with Claire Bloom
• Lost in Alaska, starring Bud Abbott and Lou Costello
• The Lusty Men, starring Robert Mitchum

M

• Mandy - (U.K.)
• The Marrying Kind, starring Judy Holliday
• The Member of the Wedding, starring Julie Harris
• The Merry Widow, starring Lana Turner
• Million Dollar Mermaid, starring Esther Williams and Victor Mature
• The Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima
• Les Misérables
• Monkey Business, starring Cary Grant, Ginger Rogers, Charles Coburn and Marilyn Monroe
• Montana Belle, starring Jane Russell
• Moulin Rouge, starring José Ferrer and Zsa Zsa Gabor - (U.K.)
• My Cousin Rachel, starring Olivia de Havilland and Richard Burton
• My Six Convicts
• My Son John, starring Robert Walker and Van Heflin

N-O

• The Narrow Margin, directed by Richard Fleischer
• Never Look Back directed by Francis Searle and starring Rosamund John (U.K.)
• No Greater Love (Herz der Welt) - (Germany)
• O. Henry's Full House, an anthology film with an all-star cast
• On Dangerous Ground, starring Ida Lupino and Robert Ryan
• Othello (aka The Tragedy of Othello: The Moor of Venice), written, directed by and starring, Orson Welles
• Outcast of the Islands, directed by Carol Reed, starring Ralph Richardson and Trevor Howard - (U.K.)

P-Q

• Pat and Mike, starring Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn
• Phone Call from a Stranger
• The Pickwick Papers - (U.K.)
• Le Plaisir, directed by Max Ophuls, starring Claude Dauphin - (France)
• The Pride of St. Louis, starring Dan Dailey
• The Prisoner of Zenda
• The Quiet Man, directed by John Ford, starring John Wayne and Maureen O'Hara

R

• Rancho Notorious, starring Marlene Dietrich
• Red Ball Express
• Red Planet Mars
• Road to Bali, starring Bing Crosby and Bob Hope
• Rome 11:00 - (Italy)
• Ruby Gentry

S

• Sailor Beware, starring Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis
• Sangdil, starring Dilip Kumar - (India)
• The Savage, starring Charlton Heston
• Scandal Sheet, starring Broderick Crawford and Donna Reed
• Scaramouche, starring Stewart Granger and Janet Leigh
• The Scarlet Flower - (U.S.S.R.)
• Secrets of Women, starring Eva Dahlbeck - (Sweden)
• Siempre tuya (Forever Yours) - (Mexico)
• Singin' in the Rain, starring Gene Kelly, Debbie Reynolds, and Donald O'Connor
• The Sniper
• The Snows of Kilimanjaro, starring Gregory Peck and Ava Gardner
• Son of Paleface, starring Bob Hope, Jane Russell and Roy Rogers
• The Sound Barrier, directed by David Lean, starring Ralph Richardson - (U.K.)
• The Star, starring Bette Davis
• The Stooge, starring Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis
• The Story of Will Rogers, starring Will Rogers Jr and Jane Wyman
• Sudden Fear, starring Joan Crawford, Jack Palance and Gloria Grahame

T-V

• The Thief, starring Ray Milland
• This is Cinerama
• Trent's Last Case, starring Orson Welles and Michael Wilding - (U.K.)
• Two Cents Worth of Hope (Due soldi di speranza) - (Italy)
• Umberto D., directed by Vittorio De Sica - (Italy)
• La villa Santo-Sospir, short film directed by Jean Cocteau - (France)
• Viva Zapata!, starring Marlon Brando and Jean Peters

W-Z

• We're Not Married!, starring Ginger Rogers, Marilyn Monroe, Eve Arden, Paul Douglas, Eddie Bracken, Mitzi Gaynor, Louis Calhern and Zsa Zsa Gabor
• The White Reindeer (Valkoinen peura) - (Finland)
• The White Sheik (Lo sceicco bianco), directed by Federico Fellini - (Italy)
• Who Goes There! - (U.K.)
• Wings of Danger, directed by Terence Fisher and starring Zachary Scott (U.K.)
• With a Song in My Heart, starring Susan Hayward
• A Woman Without Love (Una mujer sin amor), directed by Luis Buñuel - (Mexico)
• The World in His Arms

Serials[link]

• Blackhawk, starring Kirk Alyn
• King of the Congo, starring Buster Crabbe
• Radar Men from the Moon, starring George D. Wallace and Aline Towne
• Son of Geronimo starring Clayton Moore
• Zombies of the Stratosphere, starring Judd Holdren

Short film series[link]

• Mickey Mouse (1928–1953)
• Looney Tunes (1930–1969)
• Terrytoons (1930–1964)
• Merrie Melodies (1931–1969)
• Popeye (1933–1957)
• The Three Stooges (1934–1959)
• Donald Duck (1936)-(1956)
• Goofy (1939–1953)
• Tom and Jerry (1940–1958)
• Bugs Bunny (1940–1962)
• Mighty Mouse (1942–1955)
• Chip and Dale (1943–1956)
• Droopy (1943–1958)
• Yosemite Sam (1945–1963)

Births[link]

• February 12 - Simon MacCorkindale, English actor (died 2010)
• March 19 - Harvey Weinstein, American producer
• April 1 - Annette O'Toole, American actress
• April 6 - Marilu Henner, American actress
• April 15 - Glenn Shadix, American actor (died 2010)
• April 28 - Mary McDonnell, American actress
• May 6 - Gregg Henry, American actor & musician
• May 11 - Frances Fisher, British-born American actress
• May 14 - Robert Zemeckis, American director
• June 7 - Liam Neeson, Northern Irish actor
• June 18 - Isabella Rossellini, Italian actress
• June 20 - John Goodman, American actor
• July 1 - Dan Aykroyd, Canadian actor & comedian
• July 15 - Terry O'Quinn, American actor
• July 24 - Gus Van Sant, American director
• August 10 - Daniel Hugh Kelly, American actor
• August 18 - Patrick Swayze, American actor & dancer (died 2009)
• August 26 - Michael Jeter, American actor (died 2003)
• September 16 - Mickey Rourke, American actor
• September 24 - Christopher Reeve, American actor (died 2004)
• October 22 - Jeff Goldblum, American actor
• October 28 - Annie Potts, American actress
• November 8 - Alfre Woodard, American actress
• December 12 - Sarah Douglas, English actress
• December 20 - Jenny Agutter, English actress

Deaths[link]

• January 18 - Curly Howard, comedian, The Three Stooges (born 1903)
• April 21 - Leslie Banks, actor (born 1890)
• May 21 - John Garfield, actor (born 1913)
• July 6 - Gertrud Wolle, actress (born 1891)
• October 17 - Julia Dean, stage and screen actress (born 1878)
• October 23 - Susan Peters, actress (born 1921)
• October 26 - Hattie McDaniel, African American actress best known as Mammy in Gone with the Wind (born 1895)

Film Debuts[link]

• Anne Bancroft
• Brigitte Bardot
• Julie Harris
• Leonard Nimoy

See also[link]

• Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson

Norman McLaren
Norman McLaren drawing directly on film (1944)
Born	(1914-04-11)April 11, 1914 Stirling, Scotland
Died	January 27, 1987(1987-01-27) (aged 72) Montreal, Canada
Occupation	Animator Film director Film producer
Years active	1933 - 1987
Partner	Guy Glover

Norman McLaren, CC, CQ (11 April 1914 – 27 January 1987) was a Scottish-born Canadian animator and film director known for his work for the National Film Board of Canada (NFB).^[1] He was a pioneer in a number of areas of animation and filmmaking, including drawn on film animation, visual music, abstract film, pixilation and graphical sound.^[2][3]

His awards included an Oscar for the Best Documentary in 1952 for Neighbours, a Silver Bear for best short documentary at the 1956 Berlin International Film Festival Rythmetic and a 1969 BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film for Pas de deux.^[4]

Early life[link]

McLaren was born in Stirling, Scotland and studied set design at the Glasgow School of Art.^[1] His early experiments with film and animation included actually scratching and painting the film stock itself, as he did not have ready access to a camera. His earliest extant film, Seven Till Five (1933), a "day in the life of an art school" was influenced by Eisenstein and displays a strongly formalist attitude.

McLaren's next film, Camera Makes Whoopee (1935), was a more elaborate take on the themes explored in Seven Till Five, inspired by his acquisition of a Ciné-Kodak camera, which enabled him to execute a number of 'trick' shots. McLaren used pixilation effects, superimpositions and animation not only to display the staging of an art school ball, but also to tap into the aesthetic sensations supposedly produced by this event.

His two early films won prizes at the Scottish Amateur Film Festival, where fellow Scot and future NFB founder John Grierson was a judge.^[5]

Professional career[link]

GPO Film Unit[link]

Grierson, who was at that time head of the General Post Office film unit, saw another of his movies at an amateur film festival and took interest.^[1] He hired McLaren for the GPO after his studies, following a stint as cameraman on Defence of Madrid, Ivor Montagu’s documentary on the Spanish Civil War.^[5][6] McLaren worked at the GPO from 1936 to 1939, making four films including: Book Bargain (1937), Mony a Pickle and Love on the Wing (1938), and News for the Navy (1938).^[6]

Solomon Guggenheim Foundation[link]

McLaren then moved to New York City in 1939, just as World War II was about to begin in Europe. With a grant from the Solomon Guggenheim Foundation, he worked in New York until 1941, making four drawn-on-film animated works: Boogie-Doodle (1940), along with Dots, Loops and Stars and Stripes.^[7][8]

NFB[link]

At the invitation of Grierson, he moved to Canada in 1941 to work for the National Film Board, to open an animation studio and to train Canadian animators. Upon McLaren's arrival in Canada, Grierson asked him to direct a promotional film reminding Canadians to mail their Christmas cards early, Mail Early (1941). He then worked on animated shorts as well as maps for Allied propaganda documentary films, followed by his War Bonds campaign films: V for Victory (1941), 5 for 4 (1942), Hen Hop (1942) and Dollar Dance (1943).^[6]

As of 1942, McLaren could no longer keep up with the demands for animation at the fast-growing NFB, and he was asked by Grierson to recruit art students and create a small animation team—a task made more difficult because many young students had gone off to fight in the war. McLaren founds recruits for his fledgling animation unit at the École des beaux-arts de Montréal and the Ontario College of Art, including René Jodoin, George Dunning, Jim McKay, Grant Munro and his future collaborator, Evelyn Lambart. McLaren trained these emerging animators, who would all work on cartoons, animated cards and propaganda documentaries before going on to make their own films. Studio A, the NFB's first animation studio, formally came into existence as of January 1943, with McLaren as its head.^[6][1]

During his work for the NFB, McLaren created his most famous film, Neighbours (1952), which has won various awards around the world, including the Canadian Film Award and the Academy Award. Besides the brilliant combination of visuals and sound, the film has a very strong social message against violence and war. In his early period in Canada, McLaren spent considerable time developing the animation department of the board.^[1]

In 2006, the Film Board marked the 65th anniversary of NFB animation with an international retrospective of McLaren's restored classics and a new DVD box set of his complete works.

UNESCO[link]

In addition to film, McLaren worked with UNESCO in the 1950s and 1960s on programs to teach film and animation techniques in China and India.^[1] His five part "Animated Motion" shorts, produced in the late 1970s, are an excellent example of instruction on the basics of film animation.

Awards and achievements[link]

McLaren is remembered for his experiments with image and sound as he developed a number of groundbreaking techniques for combining and synchronizing animation with music.

The National Film Board honoured McLaren's genius by naming its Montreal head office building the Norman McLaren Building. The Montreal borough of Saint-Laurent, which is home to the NFB, has also honoured McLaren by naming a borough district after him.

Lifetime achievement awards

In 1968 he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada and promoted to Companion in 1973. In 1982, he was the first anglophone to receive the Prix Albert-Tessier, given to persons for an outstanding career in Québec cinema.

In 2009, McLaren's works were added to UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme, listing the most significant documentary heritage collections in the world, joining such works as the Gutenberg Bible and The Wizard of Oz.^[9]

Awards for McLaren's films[link]

Academy Awards (USA)

• (1953) Oscar - Best Documentary, Short Subjects for Neighbours (1952)

Annie Awards (USA)

• (1975) Annie Award: Winsor McCay Award

BAFTA Awards (England)

• (1969) BAFTA Film Award Best Animated Film for Pas de Deux (1968)^[10]

Berlin International Film Festival

• (1951) Silver Medal (Culture Films and Documentaries) award for Begone Dull Care^[11]
• (1956) Silver Bear (Short Film) award for Rythmetic^[12]

Canadian Film Awards (Canada)

• (1949) Special Award for Dots
• (1950) Special Award for Begone Dull Care
• (1952) Special Award for Around is Around
• (1952) Special Award for Now is the Time
• (1952) Special Award for After the Storm
• (1953) Special Award for A Phantasy
• (1953) Special Award for Neighbours
• (1958) Arts and Experimental for A Chairy Tale
  • Shared with Claude Jutra
• (1962) Arts and Experimental for Lines Horizontal
• (1965) Arts and Experimental for Canon
  • Shared with Grant Munro
• (1968) Special Award for Pas de Deux

Cannes Film Festival

• (1955) Short Film Palme d'Or for Blinkity Blank

Columbus International Film and Video Festival (USA)

• (1984) Honorable Mention for Narcissus

Dance on Camera Festival (USA)

• (1984) Gold Star Award for Narcissus

Festival international de cinéma de court métrage (France)

• (1985) Special Mention for Narcissus

Festival international du film romantique

• (1985) First Prize - Madame de Stael Prize, (France, May 1985) for Narcissus

Genie Awards (Canada)

• (1984) Special Achievement Genie

Golden Sheaf Awards / Short Film and Video Festival (Canada)

• (1984) Golden Sheaf Award - Best Experimental Film for Narcissus, Short Film and Video Festival (Canada, October–November 1984)

International Film Festival (India)

• (1984) Golden Peacock for the Best Short Film of the Festival for Narcissus

Itinerant - American Film and Video Festival (USA)

• (1984) Honorable Mention - Visual Essays for Narcissus

Award nominations[link]

Academy Awards (USA)

• 1953 Academy Award Best Short Subject, One-reel for Neighbours (1952)
• 1958 Academy Award Best Short Subject, Live Action Subjects for A Chairy Tale (1957)
• 1964 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film for Christmas Cracker (1963) (as co-director)

BAFTA Awards (UK)

• 1960 BAFTA Film Award Best Animated Film for Short and Suite (Shared with Evelyn Lambart)

Personal life[link]

His longtime companion was NFB director Guy Glover, whom he met at the ballet in London in 1937. The two were together until McLaren’s death.^[13]

See also[link]

• McLaren's Negatives
• René Jodoin
• Motion graphics

References[link]

Bibliography[link]

• Raphaël Bassan, "Norman McLaren : le silence de Prométhée", in Les Cahiers de Paris expérimental, no 17 (in French) (2004)*
• Olivier Cotte (2007) Secrets of Oscar-winning animation: Behind the scenes of 13 classic short animations. (Making of '"Neighbours") Focal Press. ISBN 978-0-240-52070-4
• Alfio Bastiancich, "Norman McLaren: Précurseur des Nouvelles Images", Dreamland èditeur, Paris (1997) (in French) ISN 2-910027-07-4

External links[link]

• Norman McLaren at the Internet Movie Database
• Watch the NFB Playlist, Norman McLaren: Hands-on Animation
• Profile of Norman McLaren at NFB.ca
• Canadian Film Encyclopedia
• Order of Canada Citation
• Official UK Myspace for 'Norman McLaren: The Master's Edition'
• Norman McLaren on screenonline

Aldo Fabrizi (November 1, 1905, Rome, Italy – April 2, 1990, Rome, Italy) was an Italian actor and cinema and theatre director.

Actor Filmography[link]

• Avanti, c'è posto... by Mario Bonnard (script too ) (1942)
• Campo de' fiori by Mario Bonnard (script too) (1943)
• L'ultima carrozzella by Mario Mattoli (script too) (1943)
• Circo equestre Za-Bum (episode Dalla finestra and Il postino) by Mario Mattoli (1944)
• Roma città aperta by Roberto Rossellini (1945)
• Mio figlio professore by Renato Castellani (script too) (1946)
• Vivere in pace by Luigi Zampa (script too ) ([1946)
• Il delitto di Giovanni Episcopo by Alberto Lattuada (script too) (1947)
• Natale al campo 119 by Pietro Francisci (script too) (1947)
• Tombolo, paradiso nero by Giorgio Ferroni (1947)
• Emigrantes by Aldo Fabrizi (1948)
• Antonio di Padova by Pietro Francisci (1949)
• Benvenuto, reverendo! by Aldo Fabrizi (1949)
• Vita da cani by Steno & Mario Monicelli (script too) (1950)
• Prima comunione by Alessandro Blasetti (1950)
• Tre passi a Nord (Three steps North) by William Lee Wilder (1950)
• Francesco, giullare di Dio by Roberto Rossellini (1950)
• Parigi è sempre Parigi by Luciano Emmer (1951)
• Signori, in carrozza! by Luigi Zampa (1951)
• La famiglia Passaguai by Aldo Fabrizi (1951)
• Guardie e ladri by Steno & Mario Monicelli (script too) (1951)
• Cameriera bella presenza offresi... by Giorgio Pàstina (1951)
• Fiorenzo il terzo uomo by Stefano Canzio (cameo) (1951)
• Altri tempi (episode Il carrettino dei libri vecchi) by Alessandro Blasetti (1952)
• La famiglia Passaguai fa fortuna by Aldo Fabrizi (1952)
• Cinque poveri in automobile by Mario Mattoli (script too) (1952)
• Papà diventa mamma by Aldo Fabrizi (1952)
• La voce del silenzio by Georg Wilhelm Pabst (1952)
• Una di quelle by Aldo Fabrizi (1953)
• L'età dell'amore by Lionello De Felice (1953)
• Siamo tutti inquilini by Mario Mattoli (1953)
• Cose da pazzi by Georg Wilhelm Pabst (1953)
• Cento anni d'amore (episode Garibaldina) by Lionello De Felice (1953)
• Questa è la vita (episode Marsina stretta) by Aldo Fabrizi (1954)
• Cafè Chantant by Camillo Mastrocinque (1954)
• Hanno rubato un tram by Aldo Fabrizi (1954)
• Accadde al penitenziario by Giorgio Bianchi (1955)
• Carosello di varietà by Aldo Quinti & Aldo Bonaldi (1955)
• Io piaccio by Giorgio Bianchi (1955)
• I due compari by Carlo Borghesio (script too) (1955)
• Donatella by Mario Monicelli (1956)
• I pappagalli by Bruno Paolinelli (1956)
• Un po' di cielo by Giorgio Moser (1956)
• Guardia, guardia scelta, brigadiere e maresciallo by Mauro Bolognini (1956)
• Festa di maggio (Premier mai) by Luis Saslavsky (1957)
• Il maestro by Aldo Fabrizi (1957)
• I prepotenti di Mario Amendola (script too) (1958)
• Prepotenti più di prima by Mario Mattoli (script too) (1959)
• Ferdinando I re di Napoli by Gianni Franciolini (1959)
• I tartassati by Steno (script too) (1959)
• Un militare e mezzo by Steno (script too) (1959)
• La sposa bella (The angel wore red) by Nunnally Johnson (1960)
• Totò, Fabrizi e i giovani d'oggi by Mario Mattoli (1960)
• Fra' Manisco cerca guai by Armando William Tamburella (1960)
• Gerarchi si muore by Giorgio Simonelli (1961)
• Le meraviglie di Aladino by Mario Bava (1961)
• Twist, lolite e vitelloni by Marino Girolami (1962)
• I quattro monaci by Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia (1962)
• Gli italiani e le donne (episode Chi la fa, l'aspetti) by Marino Girolami (1962)
• Il giorno più corto by Sergio Corbucci (cameo) (1963)
• Totò contro i quattro by Steno (1963)
• I quattro moschettieri by Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia (1963)
• I quattro tassisti (episode L'uomo in bleu) by Giorgio Bianchi (1963)
• Das feuerschiff by Ladislao Vajda (in Germany) (1963)
• Made in Italy by Nanni Loy (1965)
• Sette monaci d'oro by Marino Girolami (1966)
• Tre morsi nella mela (Three bites of the apple) by Alvin Ganzer (1967)
• Cose di Cosa Nostra by Steno (script too) (1970)
• La Tosca by Luigi Magni (1973)
• C'eravamo tanto amati by Ettore Scola (1974)
• I baroni by Giampaolo Lomi (1975)
• Nerone by Mario Castellacci & Pier Francesco Pingitore (1977)
• Il ginecologo della mutua by Aristide Massaccesi (1977)
• Giovanni Senzapensieri by Marco Colli (1985)

Film Director Filmography[link]

• Emigrantes (script too) (1948)
• Benvenuto, reverendo! (producer and script too) (1949)
• La famiglia Passaguai (producer and script too) (1951)
• La famiglia Passaguai fa fortuna (producer and script too) (1951)
• Papà diventa mamma (producer and script too) (1952)
• Una di quelle (producer and script too) (1953)
• Questa è la vita (episode Marsina stretta, script too) (1954)
• Hanno rubato un tram (script too) (1954)
• Il maestro (script too) (1957)

External links[link]

• Aldo Fabrizi at the Internet Movie Database
• Sito amatoriale su Aldo Fabrizi
• La radio di Aldo Fabrizi, con una bella scheda biografica

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Dilip Kumar
Dilip Kumar in 2006.
Born	Yusuf Khan (1922-12-11) December 11, 1922 (age 89) Peshawar, North-West Frontier Province, British India
Residence	Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Other names	Dilip Sahaab
Occupation	Actor, Producer, Director, Politician
Years active	1944–1998 (retired)
Religion	Islam
Spouse	Saira Banu (1966-present)
Signature

Dilip Kumar, born Muhammad Yusuf Khan on 11 December 1922, is an Indian actor and a former Member of Parliament. He is commonly known as "Tragedy King",^[1] and is described as "the ultimate method actor" by Satyajit Ray.^[2]

Starting his career with Jwar Bhata in 1944, Kumar's career has spanned five decades and over 60 films. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest actors in the history of Hindi cinema.^[3][4][5] Kumar was the first actor to receive a Filmfare Best Actor Award and holds the record for the most number of Filmfare Awards won for that category with Shahrukh Khan; eight wins.^[6] He starred in films of a variety of genres such as the romantic Andaz (1949), the swashbuckling Aan (1952), the dramatic Devdas (1955), the comical Azaad (1955), the historical Mughal-e-Azam (1960) and the social Ganga Jamuna (1961).

In 1976, Kumar took a five-year break from film performances. In 1981, he returned with a character role in the film Kranti and continued his career playing central character roles in films such as Shakti (1982), Karma (1986) and Saudagar (1991). His last film was Qila in 1998. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1991 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1994 for his contributions towards Indian cinema. Dilip Kumar has acted with actress Vyjayanthimala the most, where they both had acted seven films together including the former's home production Gunga Jumna resulting great on-screen chemistry and alleged affair between them.^[7][8]

Early life[link]

Dilip Kumar was born as Muhammad Yusuf Khan on 11 December 1922,^[9] in Peshawar, British India (now in Pakistan). He was born to a Hindko speaking Peshawari family. His father, Lala Ghulam Sarwar, was a fruit merchant who owned orchards in Peshawar and Nashik in Maharashtra, India. The family relocated to Bombay (now Mumbai) in the late 1920s. Dilip Kumar started working as a canteen supplier in Pune circa 1940.^[10]

In 1943, actress Devika Rani, and her second husband Svetoslav Roerich spotted Khan in Aundh military canteens, Pune.^[10] and helped Khan's entry into the Bollywood film industry. Hindi author Bhagwati Charan Varma gave him the screen name Dilip Kumar and offered him the leading role in his film Jwar Bhata (1944).

Career[link]

His first film with Nisar Bhai and Hamed Bhai Jwar Bhata was released in 1944 which went unnoticed. His first major hit was the 1947 film Jugnu. He went onto appear in many hit films including Mela (1948), Andaz (1949), Deedar (1951), Devdas (1955), Yahudi (1958) and Madhumati (1958). These films established his screen image as the "Tragedy King".^[11] Together with Raj Kapoor and Dev Anand he was the biggest star in Bollywood in the 1950s. He starred alongside Raj Kapoor in Andaz (1949) and Dev Anand in Insaniyat (1955). He formed popular on-screen pairings with many of the top actresses at the time including Nargis, Kamini Kaushal, Meena Kumari, Madhubala and Vyjanthimala.

Depressed after playing many tragic roles his psychiatrist suggested he take on ligher roles which he played in films such as Aan (1952), Azaad (1955) and Kohinoor (1960).^[12] In 1960 he portrayed Prince Salim in the historical film Mughal-e-Azam which as of 2008 was the second highest grossing film in Hindi film history.^[13]

In 1961 he produced and starred in Ganga Jamuna in which he and his real-life brother Nasir Khan played the title roles. This was the only film he produced. In 1962 British director David Lean offered him the role of Sherif Ali in his 1962 film Lawrence of Arabia, but Kumar declined the part.^[14] The role eventually went to Omar Sharif, the Egyptian actor. His next film Leader (1964) was below average at the box office.^[15] In 1967 Dilip Kumar played a dual role of twins separated at birth in the hit film Ram Aur Shyam. His career slumped in the 1970s with films like Dastaan (1970) and Bairaag (1976), the latter in which he played triple roles failing at the box office.^[16][17] He took a five year hiatus from films from 1976 to 1981.^[10]

In 1981 he returned with the multi-starrer Kranti which was the biggest hit of the year.^[18] He went onto play character roles in hit films including Shakti (1982), Vidhaata (1982), Mashaal (1984) and Karma (1986).^[18] In 1991 he starred alongside veteran actor Raaj Kumar in Saudagar which was his last successful film.^[19] In 1993 he won the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award. In 1996 he was attached to make his directorial debut with a film titled Kalinga but the film was shelved. In 1998 he made his last film appearance in the unsuccessful film Qila where once again he played dual roles as an evil landowner and his twin brother investigating his death. His films Mughal-e-Azam and Naya Daur were fully colorized and re-released in 2004 and 2008 respectively.

Films refused[link]

Dilip Kumar was very choosy, and turned down lead roles in many films which eventually were released to great box office success, including Lawrence of Arabia, Pyaasa, The Rains Came and Sangam.

Voices[link]

During his Bollywood career, Dilip Kumar was most often voiced by Mohammed Rafi. Others who provided his voice were:

• Talat Mahmood
• Mukesh (until 1958), who was also the main voice of Kumar's competitor Raj Kapoor.
• Kishore Kumar was chosen to playback the song "Saala Main To Saab Bangaya" for the film Sagina(1974).

Public life[link]

Kumar has been active in efforts to bring the people of India and Pakistan closer together. He has been a member of the upper house of Parliament since 2000.^[10]

He was awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1994. In 1998 he was awarded the Nishan-e-Imtiaz, the highest civilian award conferred by the government of Pakistan. He is the second Indian to receive the award. At the time of the Kargil War, Shiv Sena chief Bal Thackeray demanded Kumar return his Nishan-e-Imtiaz, arguing that "He must return Nishan-e-Imtiaz following that country's blatant aggression on Indian soil."^[20] Kumar refused, saying:

"This award was given to me for the humane activities to which I have dedicated myself. I have worked for the poor, I have worked for many years to bridge the cultural and communal gaps between India and Pakistan. Politics and religion have created these boundaries. I have striven to bring the two people together in whatever way I could. Tell me, what does any of this have to do with the Kargil conflict?"^[21]

Personal life[link]

Kumar married actress and beauty queen Saira Banu in year 1966 when he was aged 44 and she was 22. Dilip Kumar secretly married a pakistani woman Asma in the early eighties but divorced her when Saira Banu refused to accept the marriage^[22]. His brothers are Nasir Khan, Ehsan Khan and Aslam Khan.^[23] Kumar's younger brother Nasir Khan was also an actor and appeared opposite him in Ganga Jamuna (1961) and Bairaag (1976).

Dilip Kumar on Twitter[link]

Around September 10, 2011 it surfaced that the health of Dilip Kumar is worsening. Some incredible tweets even mistakenly spread news of his death.^[24] Later Dilip Kumar's wife Saira Banu, made a public statement that the actor is good in health and in high spirits. Finally, Dilip Kumar launched his Twitter account. His first tweet was on his 89th Birthday on 11 Dec. 2011. His tweets are eloquent and inspirational.

Legacy and awards[link]

Dilip Kumar is widely considered to be one of the greatest actors in the history of Hindi cinema.^[3][4][5] Kumar holds the Guinness World Record for having won the maximum number of awards by an Indian actor.^[25] He has received many awards throughout his career, including 8 Filmfare Best Actor awards and 19 nominations.^[26] He was honoured with the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award in 1993.^[27] The Government of India honoured him with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1994^[21] — the highest award for cinematic excellence in India. In 1980, he was appointed Sheriff of Mumbai, an honorary position. In 1991, he was awarded Padma Bhushan from the Government of India.^[28] In 1997, Kumar was awarded, Nishan-e-Imtiaz, a high civilian award conferred by the Government of Pakistan.

He received in 1997 the NTR National Award. He was also awarded CNN-IBN Indian of the Year - Lifetime Achievement Award in 2009. From some years large section of his fan and people in general are demanding Bharat Ratna for Kumar.

Filmography[link]

References[link]