The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) is the organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry worldwide. It is a not-for-profit members' organisation registered in Switzerland. It operates a Secretariat based in London, with regional offices in Brussels, Hong Kong and Miami.

Function[link]

Its stated mission is to promote the value of recorded music, safeguard the rights of record producers and expand the commercial uses of recorded music.^[1] Its services to members include legal policy advice (lobbying), anti-piracy enforcement, litigation and regulatory affairs, market research and communications support.^[2]

Structure[link]

Frances Moore was appointed the chief executive of IFPI with a term effective from 1 July 2010.^[3] She replaced John Kennedy OBE, who had headed the organisation since 2005 and was also one of the co-producers of Live Aid and Live8.^[4]

The IFPI is currently based in Piccadilly in the City of Westminster in London, England.

Scope of influence[link]

IFPI represents the recording industry worldwide with some 1,400 members in 66 countries and affiliated industry associations in 45 countries.^[1] According to the IFPI, "any company, firm or person producing sound recordings or music videos which are made available to the public in reasonable quantities is eligible for membership of IFPI",^[1] though the company does not specify what "reasonable quantities" actually means.

National groups and affiliate bodies include SNEP in France, Bundesverband Musikindustrie in Germany, RIAJ in Japan, BPI in the UK and RIAA in the US. Although recognised as an "affiliated group", the RIAA on its own website specifically notes that IFPI administers programs "for a number of countries, excluding the United States".^[5] Record labels can be members of both their local industry body and IFPI.

History[link]

This section requires expansion.

Was founded in 1933 in fasistic Mussolini Italy.^[6]

Phonogram performance rights[link]

The IFPI was formed as the phonographic industry held its first international congress in Rome, 10–14 November 1933^[7] and registered its head office in Zurich, Switzerland.^[8] Its mission was to represent "the interests of the recording industry worldwide in all fora"^[9] by promoting legislation and copyrights^[10] and "to protect the largely British-based recording industry" by promoting a global performance right in gramophone sound recordings.^[11]

Phonogram copyrights[link]

The IFPI heavily lobbied at the Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations of 1961, which established an international standard for the protection of sound recordings, live performances & broadcasts. This Convention was opposed by trade groups representing authors and composers, who were concerned that establishing such "neighbouring rights" would undermine their own control over how their works were used and would result in prohibitively expensive licensing.^[12] Pressure from broadcasters who didn't want to license the records they broadcast, among other factors, kept the U.S. from signing the Convention; the U.S. did not recognise a separate sound recording copyright until 1971.^[13]

Phonogram anti-piracy[link]

The IFPI then began a campaign against piracy. In 1971 it succeeded in advocating and obtaining the Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of Their Phonograms (the Geneva Phonograms Convention), which 72 countries signed.^[14]

In 1986, the ISO established the International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) standard, ISO 3901. In 1989, the IFPI was designated the registration authority for ISRC codes. ISRC codes "enable the use of copyright protected recordings and works to be controlled; facilitate the distribution and collection of royalties (performances, private copying); and assist in the fight against piracy."^[15]

In 1994, in an effort to combat piracy, the IFPI and the compact disc manufacturing industry introduced Source Identification (SID) codes, which are markings on CD parts that identify the manufacturers, equipment, and master discs that were used to create each disc.

SID codes are formatted as the letters "IFPI" followed by 4 or 5 hexadecimal digits. A SID-marked disc typically bears at least two codes, each imprinted on different physical components. A number prefaced with "L" is a "mastering code," a serial number taken from a pool assigned by Philips to the manufacturer. It identifies the Laser Beam Recorder (LBR) signal processor or mold that produced a particular stamper or a glass master disc from which molds are produced. Non-"L" numbers are "mold codes", the first 2 or 3 digits of which are assigned by Philips to the operator of the manufacturing or mastering plant, which might not be the same plant that manufactured the stamper or glass master; and the remaining digits are a serial number assigned by that plant to its molds.^[16]

The Pirate Bay incidents[link]

Wikinews has related news: Pirate Bay case: Internet group attacks websites in "Operation Baylout"

In mid-October 2007, after the IFPI let the ifpi.com domain registration lapse, ownership of the ifpi.com domain was transferred to The Pirate Bay, a group which claimed it received the domain from an anonymous donor.^[17] The group set up a Website under the domain titled "International Federation of Pirates Interests", a replacement backronym for IFPI. Ownership of the domain was returned to the IFPI in late November, when a WIPO arbitration panel concluded that "the Disputed Domain Name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark in which the [IFPI] has rights" and that the Pirate Bay's representative "registered and [was] using the Disputed Domain Name in bad faith" and failed to adequately rebut the IFPI's contention that he "has no rights or a legitimate interest in the Disputed Domain Name."^[18] The organisation's website www.ifpi.org was unaffected during the dispute.

In a separate incident, on the 18th February 2009, the Swedish ifpi.se domain was hacked by The Pirate Bay sympathiser(s). This occurred on the third day of the trial of the Pirate Bay founders in Sweden. The site was replaced with a short message directed at the Prosecutor Håkan Roswall and plaintiffs ("Warner Brothers etc"). It was signed "The New Generation".^[19] Peter Sunde of Pirate Bay made an appeal on Twitter requesting that the hackers stop this defacement.^[20]

On 19 April 2009, after the announcement of an unfavorable Swedish court decision against The Pirate Bay, the ifpi.org and ifpi.se domains were reportedly subjected to a DDoS attack. The newspaper The Register and the BitTorrent community site TorrentFreak speculated that the attacks were perpetrated by Pirate Bay supporters.^{[21][22][citation needed]}

Record sales certification[link]

The IFPI awards two album sales certifications, the IFPI Platinum Europe Awards and the IFPI Middle East Awards.

The IFPI Platinum Europe Awards were founded in 1996.^[23] They are awarded for actual retail sales (as opposed to shipments) of one million albums, in one of the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.^[24] An archive of past winners is available online.^[23]

The IFPI Middle East Awards were established in October 2009.^[23] They are awarded for sales in either the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which includes Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, or in Lebanon. in the GCC, Gold award is awarded for sales of 3,000 units and Platinum for sales of 6,000 units. In Lebanon, Gold award is awarded for sales of 1,000 units and Platinum for sales of 2,000 units.^[25] An archive of past winners is also available online.^[23]

See also[link]

• Music industry
• Record label
• Related rights
• Peer-to-peer file sharing
• List of music recording certifications

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website

v t e Music industry Genres Avant-garde · Blues · Contemporary R&B · Country · Crossover · Dance · Drum and bass · Easy listening · Electronica · Experimental · Folk · Funk · Gospel · Hip hop · Instrumental · Jazz · Latin · Motown · New age · Operatic pop · Pop · Reggae · Rock · Soul · Soundtrack · World Sectors and roles Album cover design · Artists and repertoire (A&R) · Distribution · Entertainment law · Music education · Music executive · Music journalism · Music publisher · Music venue · Musical instruments · Promotion · Radio promotion · Record label · Record shop · Road crew · Talent manager · Tour promoter Production Arrangement · Record producer · Recording artist · Session musician · Songwriter · Sound engineer Record labels Major: EMI · Sony Music Entertainment · Universal Music Group · Warner Music Group · Independent: Independent UK record labels Release formats Album · Extended play (EP)/Mini album · Single Awards American Music Award · ARIA Music Awards · Billboard Music Awards · Brit Awards · Choice Music Prize · Classic Brit Awards · Diapason d'Or · Echo Award · Golden Disk Awards · Grammy Award · Grand Prix du Disque · Juno Award · Latin Grammy Awards · Meteor Music Awards · MTV Europe Music Awards · MTV Video Music Awards · MuchMusic Video Awards · Music of Black Origin Awards · New Zealand Music Awards · NRJ Music Award · TEC Awards · World Music Awards Charts ARIA Charts · Billboard Hot 100 · Canadian Hot 100 · RIANZ Singles Chart · Irish Singles Chart · UK Singles Chart Sales certifications ARIA (Gold · Platinum) · BPI (Silver · Gold · Platinum) · CRIA (Gold · Platinum · Multi-Platinum · Diamond) · PROMUSICAE (Gold · Platinum) · RIAA (Gold · Platinum · Multi-Platinum · Diamond) Publications Billboard · HitQuarters · Hot Press · Kerrang! · Mojo · NME · Q · Rolling Stone · Smash Hits · Top of the Pops Retailers Amazon.com · Fnac · HMV Group · Online music stores (iTunes Store) · Trans World Entertainment · Virgin Megastores Television Black Entertainment Television · Country Music Television · Fuse TV · Idol · Juice TV · MTV · MuchMusic · The Music Factory · Star Academy · Viva · The Voice · The X Factor Other A-side and B-side · Christian music industry  · Hidden track  · Grammy Museum  · White label Category

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Joey Yung
Joey Yung at the Lan Kwai Fong Carnival 2007
Chinese name	容祖兒 (Traditional)
Chinese name	容祖儿 (Simplified)
Pinyin	Róng Zǔ'ér (Mandarin)
Jyutping	Jung4 Zo2-ji4 (Cantonese)
Ancestry	Xinhui, Guangdong, China
Born	(1980-06-16) 16 June 1980 (age 32) Hong Kong
Other name(s)	Joey Cho B (祖B) Jo-Jo (祖祖)
Occupation	Singer, Actress
Genre(s)	Cantopop, Dance-pop
Instrument(s)	Singing
Voice type(s)	Alto
Label(s)	EEG Rock Records Avex
Years active	1999 – present
Official Website	www.joeyyung.hk
Awards MTV Asia Awards Favorite Artist, Hong Kong 2005

Joey Yung (born 16 June 1980) is a Hong Kong Cantopop singer and actress from Emperor Entertainment Group. She won the prestigious JSG "Most Popular Female Singer" and "Ultimate Best Female Singer - Gold" awards a record breaking six times, thus emerging as one of the premier Cantonese singers in Hong Kong. According to Forbes 2011 Chinese Celebrity List, Yung made an estimated $25,660,000 RMB last year, making her the highest earning Hong Kong-based female singer.^[1]

Biography[link]

Early career[link]

Yung attended Ma On Shan Lutheran Primary School, and was classmates with Wong Cho-lam when she was in 6th grade.

At the age of 15, Yung participated in many singing contests, including the Big Echo Karaoke Singing Contest, in which she was given the opportunity to be an artist of Go East Entertainment Co. Ltd. However, she did not earn much recognition from Go East, and their contract ended after she recorded the song The First Time I Want to be Drunk, as the theme song for a film.

After that, Yung continued attending school while working as a clerk and helping her mother manage a fashion boutique. She was later introduced to Pony Canyon by an ex-colleague in Go East. However, Pony Canyon withdrew its business in Hong Kong not long after Yung joined the company, causing her singing career to be terminated once again. A couple of years later, she started taking singing lessons by the late Roman Tam. In 2009, it was revealed that Yung was a student of Teresa Carpio before she started her singing career.

1999–2000[link]

In 1998, Yung joined Emperor Entertainment Group (EEG). Her talent was appreciated and she was sent abroad for training to enhance her singing skills in the following year. She also followed her mentor Roman Tam, who was also in EEG, on concert tours to gain experience as a performer.

On 30 September 1999, Yung's debut album EP was released. It charted on the IFPI Album Charts (based on sales) for 23 weeks, breaking the record for the most consecutive weeks on the IFPI album chart in Hong Kong previously held by Jacky Cheung's 1992 album "真情流露", and sold 130,000 copies in Hong Kong alone. In later prize-giving ceremonies held by different media organizations, she won many awards together with Cecilia Cheung.

In January 2000, Yung's apartment was set ablaze. In the same year, she made an appearance in her debut film, Winner Takes All, and her first television drama series The Green Hope. That year, she also released two CDs, including her second EP, Don't Miss, and her first studio album, Who Will Love Me. At the same time, she became the spokesperson of many brands, such as Four Seas, the Red Cross Movement, and Netvigator. Yung also held her first concert at the Hong Kong Coliseum, titled Joey Yung's See You Everywhere Live Concert.

2001–2002[link]

In 2001, Yung released her first compilation album Love Joey, which later became the Best Selling Album of the Year. She then released two Cantonese albums, All New Summer Holiday and Solemn on Stage. In November, she held her second live concert and first concert series, H20+ Solemn on Stage Joey Yung Live in Concert 2001 at the Hong Kong Coliseum, and began her singing career in Taiwan after she released her first Mandarin album Honestly. By the end of the year, her career reached a crisis as a result of strained vocal cords and criticism of being plump.

In 2002, Yung received the approval of her company to take dancing and make-up lessons abroad. Two months later, she came back to Hong Kong and released her Cantopop album Something About You. She then became the spokesperson of Nissin and Nikon. At the end of the year, she released her second collection album Love Joey II.

2003[link]

	"My Pride" (2003) noicon This song launched Yung to new heights, reaping 4 awards and was soon named as "Cantopop Queen of Hong Kong".
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

In 2003, Yung's song, My Pride (the theme song of the TV commercial for Banyan Garden developed by Cheung Kong Holdings) became very popular. In the fad of slimming in Hong Kong, Yung became the spokesperson of a slimming parlor and had her body slimmed, presenting herself with a supposedly new sexy image. She held her third concert Joey Yung Live Show Up! at the Hong Kong Coliseum. At end of the year, Yung dominated all the major music awards ceremonies, winning a handful of prestigious awards including the JSG "Most Popular Female Singer" award (making her the second youngest singer in history to have won this prize, the youngest being Anita Mui). She also won her first "Best Female Singer Gold" award at the CRHK Music Awards, becoming youngest singer to ever win this award. Following this, she began her worldwide "Show Up World Tour", which included stops in Canada, Australia, the United States, Mainland China, Macau, and Malaysia.

Joey Yung concert in 2006

2004–2006[link]

In 2004, Yung continued her sexy image with Nin9 2 5ive and her first photo album The Real Joey, Glamour in London. Her photo album was greatly accepted by the public and ran out of stock shortly after its release. Her second album in 2004, Give Love A Break, was greatly appreciated by the public as well, breaking the platinum mark with pre-orders alone. Around December, Yung released a Cantonese cover of Chihuahua (a song previously released in English by DJ BoBo) as part of a massive Coca-Cola advertising campaign in Hong Kong. At the year-end music awards won more than 20 awards and received the highest honor award again, The Media Award, which is given to the singer who accumulated the most awards from the four music award ceremonies in Hong Kong.

In 2005, Yung released her third compilation album, Love Joey 3, as well as a new Cantonese studio album, Bi-Heart. Her fourth major concert, "Reflection of Joey's Live", spanned eight days in October and November. "好事多為", the concert theme song, was sent to South Korea for mixing and re-arranging, resulting in the "好事多為 Reflection Mix". Sponsored by Sony Ericsson, EEG found the top production crew to produce the music videos for the theme songs. After the concert, Yung suffered from sore throat due to a strain in her vocal cord. Several days after, she had to work without chatting with other people in an attempt to help her vocal cord relax. Despite her heavy workload she was able to spend several days receiving acupuncture treatment in Nanjing to have her voice restored. In addition, under the recommendation of one of her producers, Yung started to take singing lessons with Christine Samson, who is a well-renowned voice coach to many Cantopop singers.

By this time her albums sales had surpassed five million worldwide, an impressive feat as the average Cantopop album only sell around 100,000 copies. It was also estimated that her income from endorsements alone in 2004 was about HK$10 million. In 2005, she purchased two connecting flats, named "The Legend", at Jardine's Lookout, Hong Kong for HK$40 million. This investment came to no surprise though, considering the fact that she earned HK$60 million in the previous year.

Following the success of the eight-night "Reflection's of Joey's Live Concert", her concert CD/VCD/DVD was certified triple platinum (120,000 copies), quite a rare accomplishment in today's Cantopop industry.

On 27 February 2006, Yung released her tenth Cantonese studio album "Ten Most Wanted". More time was put into the production of this album than any of her previous albums. Yung said she wanted to experiment with new musical styles and work with different musicians. Hence, she worked with Mavis Fan, who wrote two songs on the album, Get Fit with Jane Fonda and Torn Tongue (lyrics of both songs written by Yiu Fai Chow).

2007-2009[link]

At the end of December 2006, Yung released her Cantonese album Close Up. Songs include "Joyful Release" (her first collaboration with Hanjin), her biggest hit song in the previous year, "Unexpected Splendid Meeting", and her third plug, "One Love One Lesson". The album received good response from the public, and the first version went out of stock at many online CD stores like Yesasia. It was also reportedly sold out at many stores all over Hong Kong. She released the second version on 26 January, which included a bonus DVD with the music videos for "Unexpected Splendid Meeting" and "Joyful Release".

At the end of January 2007, Neway helped organize a musical for Yung, entitled, "Safari". Other singers who performed at the musical include Anthony Wong, at17, Hins Cheung, Yumiko Cheng, Vincent Wong, and Sun Boy'z.

On 7 July 2007, Yung performed at the Chinese leg of Live Earth in Shanghai.

Yung was selected to be Hong Kong's ambassador of 30 Hour Famine, organized by World Vision. She visited Kenya in March 2007, and shared many of her thoughts about this trip on her blog and on radio interviews.

Yung released her 5th Mandarin album, titled Little, on 5 July. The title track was produced by Jay Chou. The album has received tremendous success, being the best selling Mandarin album Yung has ever released.

Yung held her fifth concert at the Hong Kong Coliseum in early 2008. The concert was titled "StarLight", and the theme of the concert was "light". Yung performed a number of dance numbers as well as her famous ballads. The Power Medley, a 20-minute intense dance medley of her fast songs, was well received. The concert spanned over 10 days, proving her popularity as Hong Kong's most popular female singer. The concert was highly praised, and thus led to a Part II of her concert, which spanned over four nights, making "Starlight 2008" a 14-day concert. In mid February, Yung traveled to New York City to attend dance lessons, in hope of further improving her dancing skills. Yung also sang several official songs for the 2008 Summer Olympics. Her world tour began shortly afterwards, with shows in Malaysia, Canada, the United States, Mainland China, Singapore, and Macau.

2009 2009 marks the 10th anniversary of Yung's singing career. To celebrate the occasion, Yung and EEG released two albums, a documentary, as well as a mini concert. This includes a Cantonese album and a Mandarin album, titled A Time For Us and Very Busy respectively. Her 10th year anniversary mini-concert "Perfect Ten Live" was held on 4 October and tickets for this concert were sold out within seven minutes. Unlike her past concerts that spanned for days or even weeks, Yung performed only two shows in one day. "Perfect Ten Live" was more a intimate and exclusive concert, and was held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre's Grand Theatre, where Yung won a championship in her first major singing contest in 1995. The "Perfect Ten Live Boxset" was released in December, being divided into two versions, the normal and the delux version. The normal version included two DVDs for the concert, the Perfect 10 Documentary and a photo album consisting of 20 or so pages; while in the delux version, two more CDs of the "Perfect Ten Live" would also be found and the photo album in this version would also include more photos.

In late 2009, Yung performed in her 5th concert, "Music Is Live", with Eason Chan and received commendations from different medias. Yung won the Media Award for the 3rd time that year, having previously won the award in 2003 and 2004 (i.e. Yung won the most number of awards in the four major music awards shows in 2009).

2010–present[link]

On 29 January, the 10th Anniversary EP known as Joey Ten was released together with the Joey Ten Boxset. This EP consists of 10 different covers (9 for Version 1 and 1 for Version 2) and includes five songs. The Joey Ten Boxset includes a photo album, stickers, a thank you card from Yung, a Chofy bookmark, a comic book, a Chofy USB, a DVD and the new EP. The first and second plugs from the EP received very great results in the four major media, one getting a No.1 from all four of them while the other gets No.1 from three of them. The third plug, named Always seeing an Angel(一直看見天使), is a song labeling Yung's character.

In March, Yung wrapped up her StarLight tour with two final shows in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia. In August released her new EP 空港 and in November she delivered her Number6 concert at the Hong Kong Coliseum, which was her sixth major solo concert (and seventh overall) held at the Coliseum. The concert received great reviews by critics and fans alike, calling it a worthy successor to her successful StarLight tour.

For the first couple of months in 2011, Yung will travel the world and go on her first major break since 2002. She had earlier stated that in 2011 she will focus her time on the Mandarin market, recording a new Mandarin album and doing promotions in Taiwan and Mainland China.

Amsterdam-based European Chinese concert organizers Orientouch have confirmed that she will be performing a show in London, England on 26 April 2011 at the prestigious Royal Albert Hall, making it her first concert in Europe. This will make Yung the first female Chinese singer to perform at the Royal Albert Hall, and the third Chinese singer overall after Eason in 2010 and her mentor Roman Tam in 1979.

Yung will also star in a big budget film titled Diva produced by Chapman To. The story will revolve around a successful pop diva, which To cites is the reason why he chose Yung. In an interview, he stated "a movie about a diva obviously requires a diva to play the main role." He does not agree with the general consensus that Yung is a bad actress, and hopes that the film can show her true acting potential.

Discography[link]

Film and television credits[link]

Concerts[link]

Concerts in Hong Kong[link]

Awards[link]

Trivia[link]

This section requires expansion with: section.

Yung is a pescetarian.^[4]

See also[link]

• Cantopop

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Website
• Official FanClub Website
• Joey Yung at the Internet Movie Database