A model wearing a crop top

A crop top (also cropped top, belly shirt, half shirt, midriff shirt, tummy top, short shirt, and cutoff shirt) is a T-shirt or blouse with the lower part cut off, showing off some of the abdomen.^[1] The half shirt (or belly shirt) is a kind of shirt that is cut off from the bottom of the chest.^[2]

History[link]

A 1976 photo of women in crop tops in Berlin.

Actress Bianca Rinaldi in a 90's cropped top.

During the mid-1980s, pop star Madonna caused a controversy when she gyrated in a mesh crop top in her video for the song "Lucky Star." Also during this decade, cutoff crop tops became a popular fashion item thanks to the aerobic craze and popularity of the movie Flashdance. It became common for girls to crop off sections of their workout wear, such as sleeves, collars, and the hem of the shirt to create a loose-fitting top which was often worn over a body suit or tank top. Crop tops were also often paired with low-slung belts in the 1980s, angled at the side of the hip.As mesh fabrics and oversized aerobics gear went out of fashion by the 1990s, the crop top reappeared in the form of the bustier, a lingerie-styled shirt which revealed the midriff and was typically worn under a blazer or shirt. By the mid-1990s, the crop top took on the form of the baby doll shirt, a cropped, tight-fitting t-shirt which often featured graphic logos. Long-sleeved crop tops and even crop top turtlenecks also became fashionable for the first time, popularized by such public figures as country singer Shania Twain. By the late 1990s, crop tops had become so mainstream that many schools began banning the garment in their dress code.^[2]

While pop singers such as Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera popularized the crop top for teeny boppers in the 1990s, others were making a crop top fashion statement for pregnant women.Certain members of the all-female musical groups All Saints and the Spice Girls wore crop tops on stage during their pregnancies, ushering in the trend of showing off one’s baby bump rather than hiding it. Since the beginning of the new millennium, cropped jackets and blazers have become popular fashion items, while the hemlines of shirts have mostly remained longer.^[2] Currently, the crop tops are back in fashion with celebrities like Lindsay Lohan etc., sporting it in public.^[3] and models sporting it in ads.^{[4] [5]}

Modesty[link]

A model in a modern crop top with less exposure at São Paulo Fashion Week 2011

A normal crop top will result in exposure of midriff.Those uncomfortable with too much exposure of skin can also layer a cropped top over a longer tank top for modesty.Carol Steele, northwest fashion director for Nordstrom, once said that a jeans jacket over a cropped top is a great look.She commented,"That's important for young girls. They can layer and still get a fun look.But the tops need to be body close.".^[6] However after 2010, the crop top fashion had a changeover by which women started wearing it in a modest way.The modern crop top is paired with a high-waisted skirt, jeans or modest shorts to balance out the high hemline.The shirt can be a fun twist on a traditional silhouette by drawing attention to the higher natural waistline and creating a feminine figure that isn't too revealing.^[7][8]

Types[link]

Picture	Type
	Bustier
	Choli
	Sports bra
	Cropped Tube top
	Cropped Halter top
	Cropped Turtleneck top
	Cropped Tank top
	Cropped T-shirt

See also[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Crop tops

• Tops
• Hip-huggers
• Low-rise jeans

References[link]

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2011)

Domesticated plants

Crops drying in a home in Punjab, India.

A crop is a non-animal species or variety that is grown to be harvested as food, livestock fodder, fuel or for any other economic purpose. Major world crops include sugarcane, pumpkin, maize (corn), wheat, rice, cassava, soybeans, hay, potatoes and cotton.^[1] While the term "crop" most commonly refers to plants, it can also include species from other biological kingdoms. For example, mushrooms like shiitake, which are in the fungi kingdom, can be referred to as crops. In addition, certain species of algae are also cultivated, although it is also harvested from the wild. In contrast, animal species that are raised by humans are called livestock, except those that are kept as pets. Microbial species, such as bacteria or viruses, are referred to as cultures. Microbes are not typically grown for food, but are rather used to alter food. For example, bacteria are used to ferment milk to produce yogurt.

See also[link]

References[link]

• Sleper, David A.; Poehlman, John M. (2006). "Breeding Field Crops". Blackwell Publishing. http://books.google.com/books?id=1VPUNIlrFYgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=crops&hl=en&ei=2LXcTsSzLamKiALvxqBd&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved December 05, 2011. 

v t e Horticulture and gardening Gardening and Gardens Arboretum Butterfly gardening Forest gardening French intensive gardening Garden Garden design History of gardening Kitchen garden Landscape garden Native gardening Parterre Rain garden Raised bed gardening Roof garden Square foot gardening Sustainable gardening Therapeutic garden Tropical garden Wildlife garden Xeriscaping Horticulture Agriculture Aquaponics Arboriculture Botany Companion planting Crop Floriculture Fruticulture Horticultural flora Indigenous horticulture Intercropping Landscape architecture Oenology Olericulture Plant Plant breeding Plant propagation Postharvest physiology Stock-free agriculture Sustainable agriculture Tropical horticulture Urban agriculture Urban horticulture Viticulture Organic Biodynamic agriculture List of organic gardening and farming topics Vegan organic gardening Plant protection Fungicide Herbicide Index of pesticide articles List of fungicides Pesticide Plant disease forecasting Weed control Agriculture and Agronomy portal Gardening portal Commons

This agriculture article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the Portuguese Wikipedia. (May 2012) Click [show] on the right to review important translation instructions before translating. Google's machine translation is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. After translating, {{Translated}} must be added to the talk page to ensure copyright compliance. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Spinning top

Japanese Spinning Tops

A top (also called spinning top or spintop) is a toy that can be spun on an axis, balancing on a point. This motion is produced in the most simple forms of top by twirling the stem using the fingers. More sophisticated tops are spun by holding the axis firmly while pulling a string or twisting a stick or pushing an auger as shown in the pictures on this page. In the kinds with an auger, an internal weight rotates, producing an overall circular motion.

The top is one of the oldest recognizable toys found on archaeological sites. Spinning tops originated independently in cultures all over the world.^[1] Besides toys, tops have also historically been used for gambling and prophecy. Some role-playing gamers still use tops to augment dice in generating randomized results; it is in this case referred to as a spinner.^{[citation needed]} A thumbtack may also be made to spin on the same principles.

The action of a top relies on the gyroscopic effect for its operation. Typically the top will at first wobble until the shape of the tip and its interaction with the surface force it upright. After spinning upright for an extended period, the angular momentum, and therefore the gyroscopic effect will gradually lessen, leading to ever increasing precession, finally causing the top to topple in a frequently violent last thrash.

In recent years there have been many developments within the technology of the top. Bearing tops, with a tip that spins, have been one of the biggest changes. In addition, plastic and metal have largely supplanted the use of wood in tops. Fixed tip tops are featured in National Championships in Chico, California and in the World Championships in Orlando, Florida.^{[citation needed]}

Types of tops[link]

• Battling top
  • Battle Strikers
  • Beigoma
  • Beyblade
  • Spin Fighters
  • Spinja
• Dreidel (also spelled "dradel", "dreidl", or "dreydl")
• Flaming top
• Gaming top
• Gasing jantung
• Gasing leper
• Humming top
• Floating top
• Perinola, a six-sided top, very similar to the dreidel, that is used for a similar game in Latin America.^[2]
• Spinja
• Tippe top
• Trompo, Whipping top
• Whistling top
• Cracker top
• Peg top
• Ball top

See also[link]

"Brummkreisel"

• Bauernroulette
• Gee-haw whammy diddle
• Gyroscope
• Levitron
• Rattleback or celt, a top that reverses its spin direction.
• The Top, short story by Franz Kafka
• Wizzzer
• Yo-yo

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Spinning top