- published: 26 Jan 2008
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- author: justwritingmyname37
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Elu PK Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:33
- Updated: 10 Apr 2013
SONG : Dreamscape (Long Edit)
http://wn.com/Elu_PK_Movie
KOIT TOOME "Elu täie raha eest" (Radio version)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Updated: 01 Jun 2013
"Elu täie raha eest" on Koit Toome kevadel ilmuva uue albumi teine singel, koostöös Sven Lõhmusega. www.facebook.com/koit.toome.58 www.facebook.com/pages/Koi...
http://wn.com/KOIT_TOOME_Elu_täie_raha_eest_Radio_version
"Elu täie raha eest" on Koit Toome kevadel ilmuva uue albumi teine singel, koostöös Sven Lõhmusega. www.facebook.com/koit.toome.58 www.facebook.com/pages/Koi...
- published: 11 Dec 2012
- views: 76948
- author: KoitToomeMusic
rolfJunior - "Elu"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Updated: 27 May 2013
"Elu" Muusika: R. Roosalu Sõnad: R. Roosalu. L. Lass Foto: Martin Dremljuga.
http://wn.com/rolfJunior_Elu
"Elu" Muusika: R. Roosalu Sõnad: R. Roosalu. L. Lass Foto: Martin Dremljuga.
- published: 04 Nov 2012
- views: 8752
- author: Rolf Roosalu
PS Troika-Ära ütle,et elu on inetu.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Updated: 20 May 2013
Kallile Karmenile.
http://wn.com/PS_Troika-Ära_ütle,et_elu_on_inetu
Elu M6te
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:50
- Updated: 20 Apr 2013
Saa teada kes sa oled ja sea see endale eesmärgiks!
http://wn.com/Elu_M6te
Saa teada kes sa oled ja sea see endale eesmärgiks!
- published: 06 Mar 2008
- views: 182579
- author: madism6mmi
Elu - Carol of the Bells
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Updated: 21 Apr 2013
Album: December.
http://wn.com/Elu_Carol_of_the_Bells
Mr80(BOOOOOOOOOOO) Vs Elu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Updated: 01 May 2013
Elu clan said elu can beat 000000.
http://wn.com/Mr80BOOOOOOOOOOO_Vs_Elu
Justament - Kogu elu on tee
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:09
- Updated: 20 May 2013
Väike fotomõtisklus Justamendi suurepärase laulu taustal. Sõnad: Peep Puis Muusika: Toomas Lunge Kogu elu on tee, üle ja läbi sust käiv, kogu elu on tee, pea...
http://wn.com/Justament_Kogu_elu_on_tee
Väike fotomõtisklus Justamendi suurepärase laulu taustal. Sõnad: Peep Puis Muusika: Toomas Lunge Kogu elu on tee, üle ja läbi sust käiv, kogu elu on tee, pea...
- published: 18 May 2011
- views: 15080
- author: Kasutaja auksmann kanal
Elu pärast...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 13 May 2013
Sari "Klass: elu pärast" linastub kinos Artis alates 29. oktoobrist 2010 ja Eesti Televisoonis alates 6. novembrist 2010. Laulu "Elu pärast..." viis: Timo St...
http://wn.com/Elu_pärast
Sari "Klass: elu pärast" linastub kinos Artis alates 29. oktoobrist 2010 ja Eesti Televisoonis alates 6. novembrist 2010. Laulu "Elu pärast..." viis: Timo St...
- published: 13 Oct 2010
- views: 54710
- author: Rahvusringhaaling
Getter Jaani uus elu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Updated: 03 Jun 2013
Eesti Laul 2013 teise poolfinaali vaheklipp Osalesid Getter Jaani Hele-Riin Uib Rainer Sirel Andreas Sepp Uku Suviste Anu Välba Getteri lugu Goresoerd "Vaid ...
http://wn.com/Getter_Jaani_uus_elu
Eesti Laul 2013 teise poolfinaali vaheklipp Osalesid Getter Jaani Hele-Riin Uib Rainer Sirel Andreas Sepp Uku Suviste Anu Välba Getteri lugu Goresoerd "Vaid ...
- published: 23 Feb 2013
- views: 59137
- author: Eesti Rahvusringhääling
KOIT TOOME & DANCE ACT - Elu täie raha eest @ Eesti otsib superstaari 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:15
- Updated: 16 May 2013
Koit Toome esitlemas oma uut singlit "Elu täie raha eest" TV3 saates "Eesti otsib superstaari" Muusika: Koit Toome Sõnad: Sven Lõhmus http://www.tv3.ee/conte...
http://wn.com/KOIT_TOOME_DANCE_ACT_Elu_täie_raha_eest_@_Eesti_otsib_superstaari_2012
Koit Toome esitlemas oma uut singlit "Elu täie raha eest" TV3 saates "Eesti otsib superstaari" Muusika: Koit Toome Sõnad: Sven Lõhmus http://www.tv3.ee/conte...
- published: 09 Dec 2012
- views: 28351
- author: VIINmusic
Getter Jaani vs Koit Toome - Elu täie raha eest - Your Face Sounds Familiar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Updated: 31 May 2013
Teleshow "Su nägu kõlab tuttavalt" 17.03.2013. Getter Jaani parodeerimas Koit Toomet. Tegemist on eduka teleformaadiga Your Face Sounds Familiar.
http://wn.com/Getter_Jaani_vs_Koit_Toome_Elu_täie_raha_eest_Your_Face_Sounds_Familiar
Teleshow "Su nägu kõlab tuttavalt" 17.03.2013. Getter Jaani parodeerimas Koit Toomet. Tegemist on eduka teleformaadiga Your Face Sounds Familiar.
- published: 20 Mar 2013
- views: 35487
- author: kalamajakoll
Marko Matvere - Nõia elu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:10
- Updated: 02 May 2013
http://wn.com/Marko_Matvere_Nõia_elu
Marko Matvere-Nõia elu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:10
- Updated: 08 May 2013
laul.
http://wn.com/Marko_Matvere-Nõia_elu
François Hollande élu deuxième président socialiste de la 5e République. 51,90% France.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:22
- Updated: 11 May 2013
060512 François Hollande élu deuxième président socialiste de la 5e République Le Monde.fr | 06.05.2012 à 19h59 • Mis à jour le 06.05.2012 à 20h02 François H...
http://wn.com/François_Hollande_élu_deuxième_président_socialiste_de_la_5e_République_51,90_France
060512 François Hollande élu deuxième président socialiste de la 5e République Le Monde.fr | 06.05.2012 à 19h59 • Mis à jour le 06.05.2012 à 20h02 François H...
- published: 06 May 2012
- views: 22264
- author: sucreranda
Klass: Elu pärast episode 7 - Kohtumoistmine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 82:24
- Updated: 22 May 2013
Klass: Elu pärast episode 7 - Kohtumoistmine with english subtitles!
http://wn.com/Klass_Elu_pärast_episode_7_Kohtumoistmine
Klass: Elu pärast episode 7 - Kohtumoistmine with english subtitles!
- published: 11 Jan 2013
- views: 2260
- author: There is no God but Allah
Alain Soral - "Le Peuple élu"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Updated: 21 May 2013
Alain Soral - "Le Peuple élu" janvier 2012.
http://wn.com/Alain_Soral_Le_Peuple_élu
Raadio Maria - Igavest elu lõppevas öös
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 29 May 2013
Raadio Maria - Igavest elu lõppevas öös.
http://wn.com/Raadio_Maria_Igavest_elu_lõppevas_öös
Etude 7 : "Le peuple Elu (Michée)"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:50
- Updated: 18 May 2013
http://wn.com/Etude_7_Le_peuple_Elu_Michée
Elu Telephone Clip Officiel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:57
- Updated: 20 Apr 2013
Morocco Voice Presente La Nouvelle Chanson De Elu " Téléphone " Sortie Le 18.02.2013 http://www.facebook.com/AssociationMoroccoVoice.
http://wn.com/Elu_Telephone_Clip_Officiel
Morocco Voice Presente La Nouvelle Chanson De Elu " Téléphone " Sortie Le 18.02.2013 http://www.facebook.com/AssociationMoroccoVoice.
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 1381
- author: voixdumaroc
Sir Warrior & His Oriental Brothers International - Elu Uwa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:13
- Updated: 23 May 2013
Nigeria,high life,igbo music.
http://wn.com/Sir_Warrior_His_Oriental_Brothers_International_Elu_Uwa
Christophe Willem - Elu produit de l'année
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:30
- Updated: 21 May 2013
Music video by Christophe Willem performing Elu produit de l'année. (C) 2007 SBME (France) SAS.
http://wn.com/Christophe_Willem_Elu_produit_de_l'année
Music video by Christophe Willem performing Elu produit de l'année. (C) 2007 SBME (France) SAS.
- published: 25 Oct 2009
- views: 107065
- author: ChristopheWillemVEVO
photo: AP / Alexei Nikolsky
07 Jun 2013
By GREGORY L. WHITE and PAUL SONNE. MOSCOW—Russian President Vladimir Putin and his wife said Thursday they are separating after nearly three decades of marriage, setting the stage for the first divorce of a Russian leader since Peter the Great and bringing an end to years of speculation about the state of the couple's union. Enlarge Image. Close. "It was our joint decision," Mr ... Mr ... Mr ... Mrs ... Asked if they were divorcing, Mrs ... Mr ... Close. Mr ... Mrs....(size: 5.6Kb)
photo: AP / Sebastian Scheiner
07 Jun 2013
The Israeli army has significantly increased its manpower on the Syrian border close to the only border crossing between the two countries, which became the scene of a battle between Syrian government and opposition fighters yesterday ... In addition to the extra military deployment, the army told local farmers to keep away from the area yesterday ... The Israeli army refused to comment on the extra deployment ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
photo: Creative Commons
07 Jun 2013
The National Security Agency (NSA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) are tapping directly into the central servers of nine leading US Internet companies, The Washington Post has reported. , this has allowed investigators to examine e-mails, photos and other documents of tens of millions of Americans that can be used to track people and their contacts over time ... 468 Source.. Al Jazeera and agencies ... Iran ... ....(size: 7.7Kb)
photo: AP / Evan Vucci
08 Jun 2013
RANCHO MIRAGE (CALIFORNIA). US President Barack Obama and China's President Xi Jinping agreed on Friday to work together to try to resolve disputes over cyber security, a major irritant between the world's top two economic powers ... Xi agreed on the need to resolve the cyber-security issue in a "pragmatic way" but was also quick to deflect blame, saying China was also a victim of cyber attacks ... Both wore suits without neckties. U.S ... ....(size: 5.8Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / Miloš Hlávka
05 Jun 2013
By LAURA STEVENS in Frankfurt, LEOS ROUSEK in Prague and MARGIT FEHER in Budapest. Flooding in Central Europe spread Wednesday as swollen waters moved further east along the Danube River, threatening towns in eastern Austria and Slovakia's capital, Bratislava, while the rising Elbe River flooded outlying parts of Dresden in Germany ... Enlarge Image. Close ... Businesses also reported production standstills ... Rösler said at a news conference ... ....(size: 5.2Kb)
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The Hindu
23 May 2013
Important among contemporary playwrights in Kannada is D.S. Chougle. This writer from North Karnataka has also forayed into short story writing, translation apart from being an artiste ... Excerpts from an interview ... People like Aa ... Chougle’s “Elu Natakagalu” will be released on May 26 at 6 p.m ... Chougle, North Karnataka writer, Elu Natakagalu, Chougle plays, Marathi literature, Kannada literature ....(size: 4.8Kb)
Edit
noodls
08 May 2013
... State Street Bank and Trust Omnibus Account a Fund No OM01 153,018 0.86% 0.86% - Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken Finnish clients 135,191 0.76% 0.71% +10,000 SEB Elu- ja Pensionikindlustus AS 128,020 0.72% 0.71% +2,500 Andersson Investeeringud OÜ 120,015 0.68% 0.68% - AS Midas Invest 118,555 0.67% 0.66% +1,500 Clearstream Banking Luxembourg S.A....(size: 23.3Kb)
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Deccan Chronicle
07 May 2013
A day after polling, you find a relaxed Anitha Kumaraswamy, who seems overwhelmed by the high voting percentage recorded in Ramanagara district ... Asked if she will turn a lucky mascot for her party and wrest the Channapatna seat which has eluded the party, she shoots back, “Every time, our party lost this seat, it was because we faltered in the selection of candidate ... We cannot blame voters for this ... He (C.P ... ....(size: 2.8Kb)
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The Examiner
07 May 2013
Rating for Wildfire wine dinners. 4. My friend Elizabeth loves wine dinners and she’s turned me on to them, too. She goes to lots of these all around the city and has the scoop. She told me that Wildfire Restaurant has the best ones. So I took her up on it and joined her there recently ... Wildfire wine dinner ... But it looked very pretty, and the Bordeaux Blend Estate Elu ’09 was a happy companion with its ripe berries and vanilla toast finish....(size: 7.1Kb)
Edit
The Times of India
03 May 2013
The Pune Bachao Samiti has objected to the manner in which the existing land use (ELU) survey was done for the city development plan (DP) ... They pointed out that a wrong ELU survey will have an effect on the proposed land ... The PMC had assigned the work of preparing the ELU survey in June 2008....(size: 1.5Kb)
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The Guardian
12 Apr 2013
One hundred years ago the ballet provoked a riot and orchestras dreaded playing it. Now you can even hear it in Pret a Manger ... Rabble-rousing ... Photograph ... It is not his most perfect ballet, which must be Les Noces, or his most musically exciting, which is Agon; it has strong sections and weak ones, such as (as Stravinsky himself said) the passage before the "Glorification de l'Elue" with the two solo trumpets. It hardly matters ... ....(size: 13.2Kb)
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Stockhouse
08 Apr 2013
(via Thenewswire.ca). Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 8 avril 2013 - Ressources Gespeg Copper Inc. (TSX-v ... Les actionnaires ont elu Sylvain Laberge, Andrew Davidson, Denis Clement, Victor Goncalves et Timothy Termuende au Conseil d'administration de la societe. Lors de la reunion, les actionnaires ont renomme Ernst & Young LLP, comptables agrees, comme verificateur de la compagnie ... A propos de Gespeg Copper ... Pour information. ... 514.702.9841 ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
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The Times of India
31 Mar 2013
MUMBAI ... Under the initiative, more than 80 crore documents, some more than a decade old, will be scanned and saved online in about six months ... The BMC has received around 4,000 suggestions and objections on the existing land use (ELU) maps. The date to respond to the ELU was set for March 31 ... The ELU maps had been kept for scrutiny after NGO's across the city pointed out that there were glaring mistakes in the maps prepared by the BMC. ....(size: 2.2Kb)
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All About Jazz
10 Mar 2013
By NENAD GEORGIEVSKI, Nenad Georgievski. Concert/Festival Reviewer since 2004 For as long I can remember music has been a focal point in my life. Recent articles (169 total) Brad Tolinski. Light and Shade - Conversations with Jimmy... Preludio; Llegada; Camina Como Chencha; Fey Og Di Nou; Simbi; Soufle Van – Mangaje; Pale, Pale, Panama Mwen Tonbe; Balada de Annaise; Jubileo; Pou Ki Ayiti Kriye; Juramento; Tripot; Boullando; Marasa Elu ... ....(size: 3.9Kb)
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noodls
06 Mar 2013
(Source. Luxe Worldwide Hotels LLC) News. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE. Contact(s). Stefan Pollack/Sara Nazarian The Pollack PR Marketing Group (310) 556-4443 spollack@ppmgcorp.com snazarian@ppmgcorp.com LUXE WORLDWIDE HOTELS OFFER SWEET SUNDAY SPECIALS. Enjoy Delectable Weekend Savings in Hotels Around the World ... SWEET ... Includes complimentary suite upgrade, welcome sweets in room, and free dessert with dinner purchase at Elu onsite restaurant....(size: 13.6Kb)
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Indian Express
28 Feb 2013
For the third time, BMC is likely to extend, by at least a month, the deadline for inviting suggestions and objections from citizens to land use (ELU) survey ... After a number of complaints of discrepancies in ELU mapping, BMC put its maps online for scrutiny by citizens ... per cent pertain to ELU....(size: 1.5Kb)
For other uses, see ELU (disambiguation).
The Elu language (also Hela, Helu) is the ancient form of the Sinhala variant of the Middle Indo-Aryan languages. R. C. Childers in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society states:
[Elu] is the name by which is known an ancient form of the Sinhalese language from which the modern vernacular of Ceylon is immediately received, and to which the latter bears is of the same relation that the English of today bears to Anglo-Saxon...The name Elu is no other than Sinhala much succeeded, standing for an older form, Hĕla or Hĕlu, which occurs in some ancient works, and this again for a still older, Sĕla, which brings us back to the Pali Sîhala.[1]
The Pali scholar T. W. Rhys Davids refers to Elu as "the Prakrit of Ceylon".[2]
Elu is considered by some scholars to be a type of Prakrit from India while others contend it is entirely native to Sri Lanka. The Hela Havula are a Sri Lankan literary organization that advocate the use of the Elu terms over the Sanskritic ones. Elu is often referred to by modern Sinhalese as "amisra Sinhala", meaning non mixed Sinhala.
A feature of Elu is its preference for short vowels, deasipiration and the obliteration of compound consonants found frequently in other Prakrits such as Sanskrit and Pali.
Contents |
Elu in comparison with Pali and Sanskrit[link]
Being a Prakrit, Elu is closely related to other Prakrits such as Pali. Indeed, a very large proportion of Elu word-stems are identical in form to Pali. The connections were sufficiently well known that technical terms from Pali and Sanskrit were easily converted into Elu by a set of conventional phonological transformations. Because of the prevalence of these transformations, it is not always possible to tell whether a given Elu word is a part of the old Prakrit lexicon, or a transformed borrowing from Sanskrit.
Vowels and diphthongs[link]
- Sanskrit ai and au always monophthongize to Elu e and o, respectively
-
- Examples: maitrī → met, auṣadha → osada
- Sanskrit avi becomes Elu e (i.e. avi → ai → e)
-
- Example: sthavira' → thera
Sound changes[link]
- Initial ca in Sanskrit and Pali becomes s or h
-
- Examples: canda → sanda, handa
- P if not omitted becomes v
-
- Examples: rūpa → ruva, dīpa → diva
- The Sanskrit sibilants ś, ṣ, and s merge as Elu s
-
- Examples: śaraṇa → saraṇa, doṣa → dosa
- The Sanskrit kti becomes ti or vi
-
- Examples: bhakthi → bätiya, shakthi → saviya
Compound consonants[link]
At the beginning of a word only a single consonant can remain
-
- Examples: dharma → dahama
- Examples: prāna → pana
In the middle of a word no group may exceed one consonant
-
- Examples: arta → aruta
- Examples: danta → data
| Elu | Sanskrit | Pali | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| äsa | akṣi | akkhi | eye |
| adara | ādara | respect | |
| aga | agra | agga | end, chief, principal |
| ahasa | ākāśa | ākāsa | sky |
| akosa | ākrōśḥa | akkosa | insult, abuse |
| akmana | ākramana | akkamana | attack |
| aksuma | akṣama | intolerance, impatience | |
| akura | akṣara | akkhara | letter of the alphabet |
| anada | ānanda | ānanda | bliss |
| aruta | artha | attha | meaning |
| asuna | āsana | āsana | seat |
| ata | hasta | hatta | hand |
| atuna | antra | anta | intestine |
| bambu | brahma | brahma | Brahma |
| bamburā | barbara | barbarian | |
| bamunā | brāhmaṇa | babhana | Brahman |
| basa | bhāṣā | bhāsā | language |
| bima | bhūmi | bhūmi | land |
| bubula | budbuda | bubbula | bubble |
| boduna | bhōjana | bhojana | food |
| bodu | bauddha | bauddha | Buddhist |
| bōsat | bōdhisattva | bōdhisatta | Bodhisattva |
| dahama, dam | dharma | dhamma | Dharma |
| data | danta | danta | tooth |
| däla | jāla | jāla | Net (device) |
| devola | devālaya | devālaya | temple |
| diga, digu | dīrgha | dīgha | long |
| diva | jihvā | jivhā | tongue |
| diviya | jīvita | jīvita | life |
| dudana, dujana | durjana | dujjana | wicked, malicious |
| dujanā | durjanayā | wicked person | |
| dukata | duṣkṛta | wicked deed | |
| dulaba | durlabha | dullabha | rare |
| duma | dhūma | dhūma | smoke |
| dupa | dhūpa | dhūpa | incense |
| gama | grāma | gāma | village |
| gata | gātra | gatta | body |
| gatakura | gātrākshara | consonant | |
| kana | karṇa | kanna | ear |
| karuvā | kāra | person | |
| keta | kṣetra | khetta | field |
| kiḍa | krīḍā | sport | |
| kila | kīlā | kīlā | sport |
| kinu | kṛṣṇa | dark | |
| kilu | kliṣṭa | kiliṭṭha | dirty |
| kiluTu | kliṣṭa | kiliṭṭha | dirty |
| kiri | kṣīra | khīra | milk |
| kumarā | kumāraka | kumāra | son, prince |
| kumari | kumāri | kumāri | girl, princess |
| kuriru | krūra | kurūra | cruel |
| laka | laṅkā | lanka | Sri Lanka |
| lassana | lakṣaṇa | lakkhana | beautiful |
| lova | lōka | lōka | world |
| maga | mārga | magga | way |
| magula | maṅgala | maṅgala | marriage |
| matura | mantra | manta | incantation |
| mäda | madhyama, madhya | majjha | middle |
| miturā | mitra | mitta | friend |
| mugalan | moggallana | mogallana | |
| mudu | mṛdu | mudu | soft |
| muwa | mukha | mukha | mouth |
| mädura | mandira | mandira | palace |
| mula | mūla | mūla | origin |
| näba | nābhi | nābhi | navel |
| näva | naukā | nāvā | ship |
| äsa | nētra | netta | eye |
| nidana | nidhāna | nidhāna | treasure |
| nimala | nirmala | nimmala | pure |
| nipana | niṣpanna | production | |
| nivana | nirvāṇa | nibbana | Nirvana |
| nuvara | nagara | nagara | city |
| pabala | prabala | pabala | mighty |
| pamana | pramāna | pamāna | amount |
| parapura | paramparā | generation | |
| pänaya | praśna | panha | problem, question |
| pava | pāpa | pāpa | sin |
| pavasa | pipāsa | pipāsam | thirst |
| parana | purāṇa | purāna | old |
| parusa | paruṣa | pharusa | harsh |
| pasana | prasanna | pasanna | pleasant |
| pāsala | pāṭhaśālā | pāṭasālā | school |
| pavaruna | prakaraṇa | treatise | |
| pätuma | prārthanā | wish, hope | |
| pedesa | pradēśa | country | |
| pema | prēma | pema | love |
| piduma | pūjā | pūjā | offering |
| pina | punya | punya | merit |
| pokuna | puṣkariṇī | pokkhariṇī | pond |
| poson | pūrva-śravaṇa | pubba-savana | (name of a month) |
| pota | pustaka | pottaka | book |
| pun | pūra, pūrṇa | punna | full |
| pupa | puṣpa | puppha | flower |
| putā | putra | putta | son |
| puva | pūrva | pubba | former, prior |
| puvata | pravṛtti | pavatti | news |
| rada | rājan | rājā | king |
| rakusā | rākṣasa | rakkhasa | demon |
| ratu, rat | raktaka | ratta | red |
| räsa | raśmi | rasmi | ray |
| räya | rātri | ratti | night |
| ruka | vṛkṣa | rukkha | tree |
| ruva | rūpa | rūpa | shape, form |
| sangamit | sanghamitra | sangamitta | |
| sanda | candra | canda | moon |
| sämuni | śākyamuni | sakyamuni | |
| sena | sena | army | |
| sidura | chidr | chidda | hole, gap, space |
| sirura | sharīra | sarīra | body |
| soyurā, sohowurā | sahōdara | sodariya | brother |
| sonduru | sundara | sundara | beautiful |
| supina | svapna | supina | dream |
| supun | sampūrṇa | sampunna | complete |
| teda | teja | magnificence | |
| tavasā | tāpasa | hermit | |
| tisula | triśūla | Trishula (trident) | |
| utura | uttara | uttarā | north |
| väkiya | vākya | Sentence | |
| vesak | vaiṣākha | Visakha | Vesak |
| veses | viśeṣa | visesa | special |
| viyarana | vyākarana | grammar | |
| yakā | yakṣa | yakkha | yaksha |
| yatura | yantra | yanta | machine |
| yiva | jīva | jīva | life |
References[link]
- ^ Sir Henry Yule, A. C. Burnell, William Crooke (2006), A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases, Asian Educational Services, p. 344, ISBN 0-7007-0321-7
- ^ T. W. Rhys D. (2007), Buddhist India, READ BOOKS, p. 155, ISBN 1-4067-5632-6
See also[link]
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Koit Toome (born 3 January 1979) is an Estonian singer and musical actor.
Contents |
Career[link]
In late 1994 the highly successful pop duo Code One consisting of Koit Toome and Sirli Hiius was formed by the producer Mikk Targo. A great run of hits in Estonian music charts wwas to follow until 1998, when the duo split.
In 1998, Koit Toome represented Estonia at the Eurovision Song Contest, held in Birmingham that year, and went on to record his debut solo album of mostly self-penned material. Toome has released five albums all together, both as a solo artist and with Code One.
2007 saw him, with his partner-on-floor, Kertu Tänav, winning in a TV show Tantsud tähtedega (Dancing with the Stars).
In 2010 March released Koit Toome first studio album, named "Kaugele siit" ("Far from here")
Koit Toome has also embarked on a voice acting career, dubbing animated films. He provided the Estonian voice for Lightning McQueen in the Disney movie Cars.
Musical Theatre[link]
Koit Toome's debut in a musical was in the role of Alfred in Tanz der Vampire, shortly followed by that Marius in Les Misérables, Chris in Miss Saigon, and Tony in West Side Story. Several other a lead role in Chess, Rent and Hair were all to follow both in Estonia and Germany.
Personal[link]
The huge tabloid media interest Koit Toome was single and looking for long after a split from his partner in life and on stage, Maarja-Liis Ilus. In 2009, after a long period of denial, he admitted having fathered a daughter to Kaia Triisa, a make-up artist, also well-known Estonia. The couple is back together and happy, according to the Estonian tabloid press.
Toome comes from a prominent family, with his uncle Indrek Toome the Prime Minister of Estonia (1988–1990), his brother a well-known DJ, and his nephew a successful athlete.
Koit Toome lives in Tallinn.
External links[link]
| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Maarja-Liis Ilus with "Keelatud maa" |
Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1998 |
Succeeded by Evelin Samuel & Camille with "Diamond of Night" |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Toome, Koit |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 3 January 1979 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Koit_Toome
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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|
|
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2011) |
| Getter Jaani | |
|---|---|
 Getter Jaani (2012) |
|
| Background information | |
| Born | (1993-02-03) 3 February 1993 (age 19) |
| Origin | Tallinn, Estonia |
| Genres | Pop, electropop |
| Years active | 2009–present |
| Labels | Moonwalk (2010–present) |
| Website | www.getterjaani.com |
Getter Jaani (born 3 February 1993 in Tallinn) is an Estonian pop singer. She represented Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 with her entry "Rockefeller Street".[1] Despite being an initial favourite and qualifying for the final, she finished in the penultimate position at 24th place.
Getter Jaani came to stardom on the third season of Eesti otsib superstaari, an Estonian version of Pop Idol, where she finished 4th which led her to the role of Sharpay Evans in "High School Musical" in Tallinn (2010). She has also taken part as herself in a popular TV series, called "Riigimehed", aired on ETV (2010).
Getter was born and raised in Tallinn where she continues her studies at the Centre of Vocational Disciplines to become a tailor-stylist. She also takes acting classes at the School of Fine Arts, led by Kaari Sillamaa who has written the Estonian lyrics for the Estonian Eurovision entries of 1996 ("Kaelakee hääl") and 1999 ("Diamond of Night").
On May 26, she presented the scores on behalf of Estonia for the grand-finals of the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 held in Baku, Azerbaijan.
Contents |
[edit] Songs performed on Eesti otsib superstaari
| Week | Title | Original artist | Result | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Semi-finals | ||||
| 1 | "Ma tõde tean" | Nele-Liis Vaiksoo | Safe | |
| 2 | "Cruella de Vil" | Bill Lee | Safe | |
| Finals | ||||
| 1 | "Iseendale" | Eda-Ines Etti | Bottom two | |
| 2 | "Laul Põhjamaast" | Ülo Vinter | Safe | |
| 3 | "See maailm uus" ("A Whole New World") | Brad Kane & Lea Salonga | Safe | |
| 4 | "I'm a Believer" | The Monkees | Safe | |
| 5 | "The Climb" | Miley Cyrus | Bottom two | |
| 6 | "Stop it (I Like It)" | Rick Guard | Safe | |
| "Ice Cream Freeze (Let's Chill)" | Miley Cyrus | |||
| 7 | "Taas punab pihlakaid" | Ivo Linna | Eliminated | |
| "Happy" | Leona Lewis | |||
Discography[link]
Albums[link]
| Album Title | Album details | Chart positions |
|---|---|---|
| EST | ||
| Rockefeller Street |
|
3[2] |
Extended Plays[link]
- 2010: Parim Päev EP (Moonwalk)
Singles[link]
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Album | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EST[3] | IRE | |||
| 2010 | "Vaid Suve" (Feat. Chapter One) | — | — | |
| "Parim päev" | — | — | Parim Päev EP | |
| "Grammofon" | — | — | ||
| 2011 | "Rockefeller Street" | 3 | 40 | Rockefeller Street |
| "Valged Ööd" | 1 | — | ||
| "Me kõik jääme vanaks" | 3 | — | ||
| "Talveöö" | — | — | ||
| 2012 | "NYC Taxi"[4] | — | — | |
References[link]
External links[link]
| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Malcolm Lincoln and Manpower 4 with Siren |
Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 |
Succeeded by Ott Lepland and Marvi Vallaste with Kuula |
|
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|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jaani, Getter |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Estonian singer |
| Date of birth | 3 February 1993 |
| Place of birth | Tallinn, Estonia |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Marko Matvere | |
|---|---|
 Marko Matvere performing in Minsk, 2008. |
|
| Born | Marko Matvere (1968-02-04) February 4, 1968 (age 44) Pärnu, Estonia |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1993–present |
| Spouse | Tiina Matvere |
Marko Matvere (born February 4, 1968 in Pärnu) is an Estonian actor. He was the front actor of the Tallinn City Theatre since graduating from the Higher Theatre School of the Estonian Academy of Music in 1990, but was to go freelance in 2004. Matvere is one of the most famous and expensive Estonian actor.[1] He made his first movie appearance in Suflöör (1993). So far, Matvere has played or voiced in seven films and television series including foreign TV- series.[2]
Matvere is married to Tiina Matvere and they have daughter Matilde and son Oskar.[3]
Marko has played many roles, including the musical blockbusters of Les Misérables (Javiert), Tanz der Vampire (Chagal), The Sound of Music (Von Trapp) and Miss Saigon (Engineer). He has performed the main role in several films ("Georg) and television series. He hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2002 with Annely Peebo. Also he has hosted TV-show Songs with Stars with Karin Rask.
He has been a member of the music group "Väikeste lõõtspillide ühing" ("Association of Little Accordions") since 1989.[4]
Contents |
Recognition[link]
Marko has been awarded with the First Prize in the category of young actors at the International Theatre Festival in Torun in 1992, the Estonian Theatre Union Award in 1996, the award for Best Actor in 1997 at the National Drama Festival, the Tallinn City Theatre Collegiate awards of Best Actor in 1995, 1996, 1998, and 1999.
Filmography[link]
Films
| Year | Film | Role | Film gross | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | Suflöör | Unknown | ||
| 1994 | Tulivesi | Pilli-Villu | ||
| 2001 | Lepatriinude jõulud | Pedro (voice) | ||
| 2003 | Vanad ja kobedad saavad jalad alla | Ranger | ||
| 2006 | Vana daami visiit | Bodyguard Roby | ||
| Leiutajateküla Lotte | Mati (voice) | |||
| 2007 | Georg | Georg Ots | 32 million EEK |
Television
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Wikmani poisid | Penno | |
| 1996 | M-Klubi | Maahärra | |
| 2001 | Bekännelsen | Peeter | |
| 2004 | Kodu keset linna | Mihkel | |
| 2006 | Tusenbröder | Mart | |
| Georg (musical) | Georg Ots | ||
| 2006 to 2007 | Ohtlik lend | Andres Västrik | |
| 2008 | Tuulepealne maa | Artur Kallaste |
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Marko Matvere miljonidividendid ohtuleht.ee
- ^ Profile imdb.com
- ^ Marko Matvere räägib suu puhtaks kroonika.ee
- ^ Official page vly.ee
External links[link]
Preceded by Søren Pilmark & Natasja Crone Back |
Eurovision Song Contest presenter (with Annely Peebo) 2002 |
Succeeded by Renārs Kaupers & Marie N |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Matvere, Marko |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | February 4, 1968 |
| Place of birth | Pärnu, Estonia |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
 |
This article about an Estonian actor or actress is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
http://wn.com/Marko_Matvere
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| François Hollande | |
|---|---|
.jpg) |
|
| Hollande in Nantes (2012) | |
| 24th President of France | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 15 May 2012 |
|
| Prime Minister | Jean-Marc Ayrault |
| Preceded by | Nicolas Sarkozy |
| Co-Prince of Andorra | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 15 May 2012 Serving with Joan Enric Vives Sicília |
|
| Prime Minister | Antoni Martí |
| Representative | Christian Frémont |
| Preceded by | Nicolas Sarkozy |
| President of the General Council of Corrèze | |
| In office 20 March 2008 – 15 May 2012 |
|
| Preceded by | Jean-Pierre Dupont |
| Succeeded by | Gérard Bonnet (Acting) |
| First Secretary of the Socialist Party | |
| In office 27 November 1997 – 27 November 2008 |
|
| Preceded by | Lionel Jospin |
| Succeeded by | Martine Aubry |
| Mayor of Tulle | |
| In office 17 March 2001 – 17 March 2008 |
|
| Preceded by | Raymond-Max Aubert |
| Succeeded by | Bernard Combes |
| Deputy of the National Assembly for Corrèze's 1st Constituency |
|
| In office 12 June 1997 – 15 May 2012 |
|
| Preceded by | Raymond-Max Aubert |
| Succeeded by | TBD |
| In office 12 June 1988 – 16 May 1993 |
|
| Preceded by | Proportional representation |
| Succeeded by | Raymond-Max Aubert |
| Personal details | |
| Born | François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande (1954-08-12) 12 August 1954 (age 57) Rouen, France |
| Political party | Socialist Party |
| Domestic partner | Ségolène Royal (1978–2007) Valérie Trierweiler (2005–present) |
| Children | Thomas Clémence Julien Flora |
| Alma mater | School of High Commercial Studies, Paris Institute of Political Studies, Paris National School of Administration, Strasbourg |
| Signature |  |
| Styles of François Hollande |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Reference style | Son Excellence (Monsieur) |
| Spoken style | Monsieur le Président |
| Styles of François Hollande |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Reference style | His Serene Highness |
| Spoken style | Your Serene Highness |
François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa ɔlɑ̃d]; born 12 August 1954) is the 24th President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra. He previously served as the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party from 1997 to 2008 and as a Deputy of the National Assembly of France for Corrèze's 1st Constituency from 1988 to 1993 and then again from 1997 to 2012. He also served as the Mayor of Tulle from 2001 to 2008 and the President of the General Council of Corrèze from 2008 to 2012.
He was elected President of France on 6 May 2012, defeating the incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy, and was inaugurated on 15 May.[1] He is the second Socialist President of the Fifth French Republic, after François Mitterrand who served from 1981 to 1995.
Contents |
Early life and background[link]
Hollande was born in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Upper Normandy, to a middle-class family. His mother, Nicole Frédérique Marguerite Tribert (1927–2009), was a social worker, and his father, Georges Gustave Hollande, an ear, nose, and throat doctor who "had once run for the extreme right in local politics."[2][3][4][5][6] The surname "Hollande" is "believed to come from Calvinist ancestors who escaped Holland (the Netherlands) in the 16th century and took the name of their old country."[7] Hollande was raised Catholic but quietly rebelled against the strict religious brothers chosen by his father to educate him.[7] The family moved to Neuilly, a suburb of Paris, when Hollande was 13.[8]
Education[link]
He attended Saint Jean-Baptiste de La Salle boarding school, then HEC Paris, École nationale d'administration, and the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris (Paris Institute of Political Studies). He graduated from ENA in 1980.[9][10] He lived in the United States in the summer of 1974 while he was a university student.[11] Immediately after graduating, he was employed as a councillor in the Court of Audit.
Early political career[link]
After volunteering as a student to work for François Mitterrand's ultimately unsuccessful campaign in the 1974 presidential election, Hollande joined the Socialist Party five years later. He was quickly spotted by Jacques Attali, a senior adviser to Mitterrand, who arranged for Hollande to stand for election to the French National Assembly in 1981 in Corrèze against future President Jacques Chirac, who was then the Leader of the Rally for the Republic, a Neo-Gaullist party. Hollande lost to Chirac in the first round, although he would go on to become a Special Adviser to the newly-elected President Mitterrand, before serving as a staffer for Max Gallo, the government's spokesman. After becoming a Municipal Councillor for Ussel in 1983, he contested Corrèze for a second time in 1988, this time being elected to the National Assembly. Hollande lost his bid for re-election to the National Assembly in the so-called "blue wave" of the 1993 election, described as such due to the number of seats gained by the Right at the expense of the Socialist Party.
First Secretary of the Socialist Party[link]
As the end of Mitterrand's term in office approached, the Socialist Party was torn by a struggle of internal factions, each seeking to influence the direction of the party. Hollande pleaded for reconciliation and for the party to unite behind Jacques Delors, the President of the European Commission, but Delors renounced his ambitions to run for the French Presidency in 1995, leading to Lionel Jospin's resuming his earlier position as the leader of the party. Jospin selected Hollande to become the official party spokesman, and Hollande went on to contest Corrèze once again in 1997, successfully returning to the National Assembly. That same year, Jospin became the Prime Minister of France, and Hollande won the election for his successor as First Secretary of the French Socialist Party, a position he would hold for eleven years. Because of the very strong position of the Socialist Party within the French Government during this period, Hollande's position led some to refer to him the "Vice Prime Minister". Hollande would go on to be elected the Mayor of Tulle in 2001, an office he would hold for the next seven years.
The immediate resignation of Jospin from politics following his shock defeat by far-right candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen in the first round of the 2002 presidential election forced Hollande to become the public face of the party for the 2002 legislative election but, although he managed to limit defeats and was re-elected in his own constituency, the Socialists lost nationally. In order to prepare for the 2003 Party Congress in Dijon, he obtained the support of many notable personalities of the party and was re-elected First Secretary against opposition from left-wing factions. After the triumph of the Left in the 2004 regional elections, Hollande was cited as a potential presidential candidate, but the Socialists were divided on the European Constitution, and Hollande's support for the ill-fated "yes" position in the French referendum on the European Constitution caused friction within the party. Although Hollande was re-elected as First Secretary at the Le Mans Congress in 2005, his authority over the party began to decline from this point onwards. Eventually his domestic partner, Ségolène Royal, was chosen to represent the Socialist Party in the 2007 presidential election, where she would lose to Nicolas Sarkozy. Hollande was widely blamed for the poor performances of the Socialist Party in the 2007 elections, and he announced that he would not seek another term as First Secretary. Hollande publicly declared his support for Bertrand Delanoë, the Mayor of Paris, although it was Martine Aubry who would go on to win the race to succeed him in 2008.
Following his resignation as First Secretary, Hollande was immediately elected to replace Jean-Pierre Dupont as the President of the General Council of Corrèze in April 2008, a position he holds to this day. In 2008 he supported the creation of the first European Prize for Local History (Étienne Baluze Prize), founded by the "Société des Amis du musée du cloître" of Tulle, on the suggestion of the French historian Jean Boutier. François Hollande awarded the first prize on 29 February 2008 to the Italian historian Beatrice Palmero in the General Council of Corrèze.
2012 presidential campaign[link]
Main article: François Hollande presidential campaign, 2012
- See also: French presidential election, 2012
Following his re-election as President of the General Council of Corrèze in March 2011, Hollande announced that he would be a candidate in the upcoming primary election to select the Socialist and Radical Left Party presidential nominee.[12] The primary marked the first time that both parties had held an open primary to select a joint nominee at the same time. He initially trailed the front-runner, former Finance Minister and IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn. Following Strauss-Kahn's arrest on suspicion of sexual assault in New York City in May 2011, Hollande began to lead the opinion polls. His position as front-runner was established just as Strauss-Kahn declared that he would no longer be seeking the nomination. After a series of televised debates throughout September, Hollande topped the ballot in the first round held on 9 October with 39% of the vote, not gaining the 50% required to avoid a second ballot, which he would contest against Martine Aubry, who had come second with 30% of the vote.
The second ballot took place on 16 October 2011. Hollande won with 56% of the vote to Aubry's 43% and thus became the official Socialist and Radical Left Party candidate for the 2012 presidential election.[13] After the primary results, he immediately gained the pledged support of the other contenders for the party's nomination, including Aubry, Arnaud Montebourg, Manuel Valls and 2007 candidate Ségolène Royal.[14]
Hollande's presidential campaign was managed by Pierre Moscovici and Stéphane Le Foll, a Member of Parliament and Member of the European Parliament respectively.[15] Hollande launched his campaign officially with a rally and major speech at Le Bourget on 22 January 2012 in front of 25,000 people.[16][17] The main themes of his speech were equality and the regulation of finance, both of which he promised to make a key part of his campaign.[17]
On 26 January he outlined a full list of policies in a manifesto containing 60 propositions, including the separation of retail activities from riskier investment-banking businesses; raising taxes for big corporations, banks and the wealthy; creating 60,000 teaching jobs; bringing the official retirement age back down to 60 from 62; creating subsidised jobs in areas of high unemployment for the young; promoting more industry in France by creating a public investment bank; granting marriage and adoption rights to same-sex couples; and pulling French troops out of Afghanistan in 2012.[18][19] On 9 February, he detailed his policies specifically relating to education in a major speech in Orléans.[20]
On 15 February, incumbent President Nicolas Sarkozy announced that he would run for a second and final term, strongly criticising Hollande's proposals and claiming that he would bring about "economic disaster within two days of taking office" if he won.[21]
Hollande visited Berlin, Germany, in December 2011 for the Social Democrats Federal Party Congress, at which he met Sigmar Gabriel, Peer Steinbrück, Frank-Walter Steinmeier and Martin Schulz;[22][23] he also travelled to Belgium before the United Kingdom in February 2012, where he met with Opposition Leader Ed Miliband; and finally Tunisia in May 2012.[24][25]
Opinion polls showed a tight race between the two men in the first round of voting, with most polls showing Hollande comfortably ahead of Sarkozy in a hypothetical second round run-off.[26]
The first round of the presidential election was held on 22 April. François Hollande came in first place with 28.63% of the vote, and faced Nicolas Sarkozy in the second round run-off.[27] In the second round of voting on 6 May 2012, François Hollande was elected President of the French Republic with 51.7% of the vote.[1]
President of France[link]
François Hollande was elected President of France on 6 May 2012. He was inaugurated on 15 May, and shortly afterwards appointed Jean-Marc Ayrault to be his Prime Minister. He also appointed Benoît Puga to be his military chief of staff, Pierre-René Lemas as his General Secretary and Pierre Besnard as his Head of Cabinet.[28] On his first official visit to a foreign country in his capacity as President of France, the aeroplane transporting him was hit by lightning.[29] The plane returned safely to Paris where he took another flight to Germany.
Policies[link]
- Foreign policy: supports the withdrawal of French troops present in Afghanistan by the end of 2012.[30]
- European politics: aims to conclude a new contract of Franco-German partnership and he advocates the adoption of a Directive on the protection of public services. Proposes closer Franco-German partnership: "an acceleration of the establishment of a Franco-German civic service, the creation of a Franco-German research office, the creation of a Franco-German industrial fund to finance common competitiveness clusters (transport, energy or environment) and the establishment of a common military headquarters."[31]
- Financial system: backs the creation of a European rating agency and the separation of lending and investment in banks.
- Energy: endorses reducing the share of electricity generated by nuclear power in France from 75 to 50% in favor of renewable energy sources.
- Tax revenues above 1,000,000 euros per year at a 75% rate (rates for part of the income below a million not changed).
- Taxation: supports the merger of income tax and the General Social Contribution (CSG), the creation of an additional 45% for additional income of 150,000 euros, capping tax loopholes at a maximum of €10,000 per year, and questioning the relief solidarity tax on wealth (ISF, Impôt de Solidarité sur la Fortune) measure that should bring €29 billion in additional revenue.
- Education: supports the recruitment of 60,000 civil servants (new teachers), the creation of a study allowance and means-tested training, setting up a mutually beneficial contract that would allow a generation of experienced employees and craftsmen to be the guardians and teachers of younger newly-hired employees, thereby creating a total of 150,000 subsidized jobs.
- Aid to SMEs, with the creation of a public bank investment-oriented SME's and reducing the corporate tax rate to 30% for medium corporations and 15% for small.
- Recruitment of 5,000 judges, police officers and gendarmes.
- Construction of 500,000 state ruled homes per year, including 150,000 social, funded by a doubling of the ceiling of the A passbook, the region making available its local government land within five years.
- Restoration of retirement (paid by the State) at age 60 for those who have contributed more than 41 years.
- Hollande supported same-sex marriage and adoption for LGBT couples, and has plans to pursue the issue in early 2013.[32]
- The provision of development funds for deprived suburbs.[33]
- Return to a deficit of 0% of GDP in 2017.[34]
- Favours ratifying the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, for the recognition of regional languages of France: Alsatian, Lorraine Franconian, French Flemish, Catalan, Corsican, Breton, Gallo, Basque, Langues d'oïl, Franco-Provençal and Occitan.[35][36]
- Wants to "combine the positions of presidents of the European Commission and of the European Council (currently held by José Manuel Barroso and Herman van Rompuy respectively) into a single office and that it should be directly chosen" by the Members of the European Parliament.[31]
Personal life[link]
For over 30 years, his partner was fellow Socialist politician Ségolène Royal, with whom he has four children – Thomas (1984), Clémence (1985), Julien (1987) and Flora (1992). In June 2007, just a month after Royal's defeat in the French presidential election of 2007, the couple announced that they were separating.[37]
A few months after his split from Ségolène Royal was announced, a French website published details of a relationship between Hollande and French journalist Valérie Trierweiler. This disclosure was controversial, as some considered it to be a breach of France's strict stance on the privacy of politicians' personal affairs. In November 2007, Valérie Trierweiler confirmed and openly discussed her relationship with Hollande in an interview with the French weekly Télé 7 Jours.
Honours and decorations[link]
Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Honour (2012 — automatic upon taking office)
Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (2012 — automatic upon taking office)
Works[link]
Hollande has had a large number of books and academic works published, including:
- L'Heure des choix. Pour une économie politique (The hour of choices. For a political economy), with Pierre Moscovici, 1991. ISBN 2-7381-0146-1
- L'Idée socialiste aujourd'hui (The Socialist Idea Today), Omnibus, 2001. ISBN 978-2-259-19584-3
- Devoirs de vérité (Duties of truth), interviews with Edwy Plenel, éd. Stock, 2007. ISBN 978-2-234-05934-4
- Droit d'inventaires (Rights of inventory), interviews with Pierre Favier, Le Seuil, 2009. ISBN 978-2-02-097913-9
- Le rêve français (The French Dream), Privat, August 2011. ISBN 978-2-7089-4441-1
- Un destin pour la France (A Destiny for France), Fayard, January 2012. ISBN 978-2-213-66283-1
- Changer de destin (Changing destiny), Robert Laffont, February 2012. ISBN 978-2-221-13117-6
References[link]
- ^ a b "Socialist Hollande triumphs in French presidential poll – FRENCH ELECTIONS 2012". FRANCE 24. http://www.france24.com/en/france/2min/20120506-france-socialist-hollande-wins-presidential-election-sarkozy. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ Angelique Chrisafis in Le Bourget. "Francois Hollande stages first major rally in 2012 French presidential race | World news". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jan/22/francois-hollande-socialist-french-elections. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ Willsher, Kim (16 October 2011). "French presidential election: Nicolas Sarkozy v François Hollande". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/16/french-presidential-election-sarkozy-hollande.
- ^ "EN IMAGES. François Hollande, une carrière au parti socialiste – Presidentielle 2012" (in French). leParisien.fr. http://www.leparisien.fr/election-presidentielle-2012/en-images-francois-hollande-une-carriere-au-parti-socialiste-17-10-2011-1657616.php. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ^ Email Us (21 April 2012). "We all know Sarko, but who's the other guy?". The Irish Times. http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/weekend/2012/0421/1224315001448.html. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "The NS Profile: François Hollande". New Statesman. http://www.newstatesman.com/europe/2012/02/hollande-france-french-sarkozy. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ a b Chrisafis, Angelique. "François Hollande: from marshmallow man to Sarkozy's nemesis?". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/apr/18/francois-hollande-sarkozy-nemesis. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "Global Players: Francois Hollande | Thomas White International". Thomaswhite.com. http://www.thomaswhite.com/explore-the-world/global-players/francois-hollande.aspx. Retrieved 2012-05-15.
- ^ Sponsored by. "The French elite: Old school ties". The Economist. http://www.economist.com/node/21549976. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "HEC Paris – Grande Ecole – Foire aux questions" (in (French)). Hec.fr. http://www.hec.fr/Grande-Ecole/FAQ. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ^ Erlanger, Steven (15 April 2012). "The Soft Middle of François Hollande". The New York Times: p. 50. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/15/magazine/the-soft-middle-of-francois-hollande.html. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
- ^ Albinet, Alain (31 March 2011). "L'appel de Tulle de François Hollande" (in French). Le Monde. http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2011/03/31/l-appel-de-tulle-de-francois-hollande_1501495_823448.html. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
- ^ Erlanger, Steven (7 September 2010). "French Unions in National Strike on Pensions". New York Times: p. A4. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/08/world/europe/08france.html. Retrieved 4 December 2010. "[Socialist party leader Martine] Aubry has presidential ambitions... Her rivals included the former leader of the party, François Hollande...."
- ^ Love, Brian (16 September 2011). "Hollande to run for presidency for French left". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/16/us-france-election-idUSTRE79F02T20111016. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
- ^ (French)Botella, Bruno. "François Hollande recrute deux préfets pour sa campagne". acteurs publics. http://nominations.acteurspublics.com/focus/16-11-11/francois-hollande-recrute-deux-prefets-pour-sa-campagne. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ^ Erlanger, Steven (22 January 2012). "François Hollande, Challenging Sarkozy, Calls for Change". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/23/world/europe/francois-hollande-challenging-sarkozy-calls-for-change.html. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ^ a b Clavel, Geoffroy (22 January 2012). "François Hollande, French Presidential Candidate, Says 'Finance' Is His Adversary". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/23/francois-hollande-tk_n_1222529.html. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ^ Erlanger, Steven (26 January 2012). "Sarkozy’s Main Rival Offers Proposals for Lifting France’s Economy". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/27/world/europe/in-france-francois-hollande-offers-plan-to-revive-economy.html?_r=1. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ^ "Presidential program – François Hollande". http://www.scribd.com/doc/79434607/Projet-Presidentiel-Francois-Hollande. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ^ Laubacher, Paul. "Éducation : François Hollande fait de l'école primaire une priorité" (in French). Le Nouvel Observateur. http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/election-presidentielle-2012/20120210.OBS1055/education-francois-hollande-fait-de-l-ecole-primaire-une-priorite.html. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ^ "Politique : Sarkozy se voit à l'Élysée pour encore "sept ans et demi"". Le Figaro. http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2009/07/08/01002-20090708ARTFIG00007-sarkozy-se-voit-a-l-elysee-pour-encore-sept-ans-et-demi-.php. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ "„Gemeinsam eine Menge bewegen“ | Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD)" (in (German)). Spd.de. http://www.spd.de/aktuelles/News/70360/20120326_interview_hollande_gabriel.html. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ Traynor, Ian (26 March 2012). "Roll over, Merkozy: François Hollande finds a German ally of his own | World news". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/french-election-blog-2012/2012/mar/26/merkozy-fran-ois-hollande-german. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "François Hollande en visite en Tunisie – France / Tunisie – RFI". Rfi.fr. http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20110524-francois-hollande-visite-tunisie. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "Cheer for François Hollande in France. But he won't change Europe | Martin Kettle | Comment is free". The Guardian. 28 September 2007. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/apr/18/francois-hollande-wont-change-europe. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "4 March 2012 – Opinion Way" (PDF). http://www.opinion-way.com/pdf/opinionway_fiducial_pour_radio_classique_les_echos_vague_4_-_mars_2012.pdf. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ "Elections Présidentielle Résultats – FRANCE 24". France24.com. 22 April 2012. http://www.france24.com/en/election-resultats. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ Le cabinet du Président de la République elysee.fr 15.05.2012
- ^ Hollande's plane hit by lightning, reports say – BBC News Europe
- ^ Fouquet, Helene (26 January 2012). "Socialist Hollande Pledges Tax Breaks End, Eased Pension Measure". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-26/sarkozy-rival-hollande-may-seek-bank-split-in-election-platform.html. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ a b EurActiv.com, based on reporting by EurActiv.fr. "François Hollande: Towards a European 'New Deal'?". EurActiv. http://www.euractiv.com/elections/fran-ois-hollande-european-new-deal-news-511108. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "Unpopular French President Nicolas Sarkozy Desperately Woos Les Gais". Queerty.com. http://www.queerty.com/unpopular-french-president-nicolas-sarkozy-desperately-woos-gay-rights-20120330/. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "François Hollande outlines manifesto for French presidency challenge – Telegraph". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/9042741/Francois-Hollande-outlines-manifesto-for-French-presidency-challenge.html. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ lefigaro.fr. ""2% de croissance": Hollande s'explique". Le Figaro. http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/2012/01/26/97002-20120126FILWWW00727-hollande-equilibre-impossible-sans-croissance.php. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "Occitan Nation Party – Press release : Presidential election – occitan" (in French). Lo.lugarn-pno.over-blog.org. http://lo.lugarn-pno.over-blog.org/article-occitan-nation-party-press-release-presidential-election-102957066.html. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "14–15 September 2011: French presidency candidate François Hollande on regional languages « Sorosoro". Sorosoro.org. 8 December 2011. http://www.sorosoro.org/en/september-14-15-2011-french-presidency-candidate-francois-hollande-on-regional-languages. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ Sciolino, Elaine (19 June 2007). "French Socialists’ First Couple Disclose a Parting of Ways". New York Times: p. A3. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/19/world/europe/19france.html. Retrieved 4 December 2010.
Further reading[link]
- Michel, Richard (2011). François Hollande: L'inattendu. Paris: Archipel. ISBN 978-2-8098-0600-7. (French)
- Raffy, Serge (2011). François Hollande: Itinéraire Secret. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-63520-0. (French)
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: François Hollande |
- (French) President of France
- (French) Official page at the French National Assembly
- (French) Official website
- François Hollande, 11 années à la tête du Parti Socialiste, Politique.net
- Michael C. Behrent (Sister Republic),"Socialism of Adjustment: François Hollande"
| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Lionel Jospin |
First Secretary of the Socialist Party 1997–2008 |
Succeeded by Martine Aubry |
| Preceded by Ségolène Royal |
Socialist Party nominee for President of France 2012 |
Most recent |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Raymond-Max Aubert |
Mayor of Tulle 2001–2008 |
Succeeded by Bernard Combes |
| Preceded by Jean-Pierre Dupont |
President of the General Council of Corrèze 2008–2012 |
Succeeded by Gérard Bonnet Acting |
| Preceded by Nicolas Sarkozy |
President of France 2012–present |
Incumbent |
| Regnal titles | ||
| Preceded by Nicolas Sarkozy |
Co-Prince of Andorra 2012–present Served alongside: Joan Enric Vives Sicília |
Incumbent |
| Catholic Church titles | ||
| Preceded by Nicolas Sarkozy |
Honorary Canon of the Basilica of St. John Lateran 2012–present |
Incumbent |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hollande, Francois |
| Alternative names | President Hollande |
| Short description | French politician |
| Date of birth | 12 August 1954 |
| Place of birth | Rouen, Seine-Maritime |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
