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Socioeconomics or socio-economics or social economics is an umbrella term with different usages. 'Social economics' may refer broadly to the "use of economics in the study of society."^[1] More narrowly, contemporary practice considers behavioral interactions of individuals and groups through social capital and social "markets" (not excluding for example, sorting by marriage) and the formation of social norms.^[2] In the latter, it studies the relation of economics to social values.^[3]

A distinct supplemental usage describes social economics as "a discipline studying the reciprocal relationship between economic science on the one hand and social philosophy, ethics, and human dignity on the other" toward social reconstruction and improvement^[4] or as also emphasizing multidisciplinary methods from such fields as sociology, history, and political science.^[5] In criticizing mainstream economics for its alleged faulty philosophical premises (for example the pursuit of self-interest) and neglect of dysfunctional economic relationships, such advocates tend to classify social economics as heterodox.^[6]

In many cases, socioeconomists focus on the social impact of some sort of economic change. Such changes might include a closing factory, market manipulation, the signing of international trade treaties, new natural gas regulation, etc. Such social effects can be wide-ranging in size, anywhere from local effects on a small community to changes to an entire society. Examples of causes of socioeconomic impacts include new technologies such as cars or mobile phones, changes in laws, changes in the physical environment (such as increasing crowding within cities), and ecological changes (such as prolonged drought or declining fish stocks).^{[citation needed]} These may affect patterns of consumption, the distribution of incomes and wealth, the way in which people behave (both in terms of purchase decisions and the way in which they choose to spend their time), and the overall quality of life.

The goal of socioeconomic study is generally to bring about socioeconomic development, usually in terms of improvements in metrics such as GDP, life expectancy, literacy, levels of employment, etc.^{[citation needed]}

Although harder to measure, changes in less-tangible factors are also considered, such as personal dignity, freedom of association, personal safety and freedom from fear of physical harm, and the extent of participation in civil society.^{[citation needed]}

See also[link]

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Pokrovskii, Vladimir N. (2011) Econodynamics. The Theory of Social Production, Springer, Berlin.

Earlier works[link]

• Gustav Cassel, [1931] 1932. The Theory of Social Economy. Reprinted 1967, Augustus M. Kelley. From the Mises Institute, select among sections (press +).
• Max Weber, 1922. Economy and Society, 2 v. Description and scroll to chapter-preview links.
• Friedrich von Wieser, [1924] 1928. Social Economics. Foreword by Wesley C. Mitchell. Reprint 2003, Routledge. Scroll to chapter-preview links links.

Journals[link]

External links[link]

Look up socioeconomic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Association for Social Economics
• The Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics
• SASE Spanish Chapter

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions. (October 2010)

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (October 2009)

Nitin Gadkari
Maharashtra Legislative Council
Incumbent
Assumed office 1990
Minister for PWD, Maharashtra
In office 27th May 1995 – 1999
President of Bharatiya Janata Party
Incumbent
Assumed office 25th December 2009
Preceded by	Rajnath Singh
Personal details
Born	(1957-05-27) May 27, 1957 (age 55) Nagpur, India
Nationality	Indian
Political party	Bharatiya Janata Party
Spouse(s)	Kanchan Gadkari
Children	Nikhil, Sarang and Ketki
Alma mater	Nagpur University
Occupation	Lawyer, Industrialist
Religion	Hindu
Website	nitingadkari.in

Nitin Gadkari Marathi  pronunciation (help·info);(born 27 May 1957)is a senior Indian politician and the current President of the Bharatiya Janata Party.^[1] He is best known for the works during his tenure as a Public Works Department Minister in the state of Maharashta when he constructed a series of roads, highways and flyovers across the state including the Yashwantrao Chavan Mumbai–Pune Expressway ^[2]

Background, family and education[link]

Nitin Gadkari was born in Nagpur, India, to a middle class family hailing from Nagpur district. During his teens, he worked for the Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha and the student union ABVP.

He started his political career as a grass-root worker who laid down red carpets prior to party programmes.^[3] He did his Ph.D., L.L.B and D.B.M. from Maharashtra, India.

Nitin Gadkari is married to Kanchan Gadkari and they have three children; Nikhil, Sarang and Ketki. He currently lives in Nagpur close to the head office of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.^[4]

Political career[link]

Nitin Gadkari served as the Minister of Public Works Department(pwd) of the Govt. of Maharashtra from 1995 to 1999 and restructured it from top to bottom.^[5] He has served as the president of the Maharashtra BJP.^[6]

Support for privatization[link]

He showed strong support for privatization when he campaigned for investment in the infrastructure areas from private firms. He addressed several meetings between private investors, contractors, builders and various trade organizations and diverted large amounts of budgeted projects towards privatization. He managed to convince the state to allocate Rs. 700 Crores for rural connectivity. In the next 4 years, 98% of the total population of Maharashtra achieved an all-weather road connectivity. It also helped to solve the malnutrition problems prevailing in remote Melghat-Dharni area of Amravati district which previously had no access to medical aid, ration or educational facilities. The project aimed to connect 13,736 remote villages which remained unconnected since independence by road.^{[citation needed]}

Chairman of NRRDC[link]

The Union Government appointed him the Chairman of National Rural Road Development Committee. After a series of meetings and studies, Shri Gadkari submitted his report to the central government and gave the presentation to the Hon. Prime Minister of India. His new report was accepted and a new rural road connecting scheme now popularly known as Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana was launched. The ambitious scheme is of Rs. 60,000 crores.^[7][8]

Positions served[link]

• Ex Minister, Govt Of Maharashtra^[9]
• Chairman, Purti Group Of Companies^[10]
• President, Bharatiya Janata Party, Maharashtra State^[11]
• Ex-Leader of Opposition, Maharashtra Legislative Council^[12]
• Former Minister for Public Works Department, Maharashtra State^[13]
• Member of Legislative Council, Maharashtra State^[14]
• Elected to the Maharashtra Govt. Legislative Council in 1989 from graduates constituency, Nagpur Region.^[15]
• Re-Elected in the year 1990.^[16]
• Re-Elected in the year 1996 and elected unopposed in 2002.^[17]
• Inducted in the Maharashtra State Government Cabinet as the Minister for Public Works on May 27, 1995.^[18]
• Ex-Member of the High Power Committee for Privatisation, Government of Maharashtra.^[19]
• Ex-Chairman, Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation, India.^[20]
• Ex-Guardian Minister for Nagpur District, Govt. of Maharashtra.^[21]
• Ex-Chairman, Mining policy Implementation Committee, Govt. of Maharashtra.^[22]
• Ex-Chairman, Metropolis Beautification Committee, Govt. of Maharashtra.^[23]
• Ex-Leader of Opposition, Maharashtra Legislative Council, Chairman National Rural Road Development Committee^[24]
• Chairman, Review Committee of CPWD, Govt. of India.^[25]
• State President of Bhartiya Janata Party, Maharashtra.^[26]

After a successful stint as PWD Minister, Gadkari took over as President of the Maharashtra State Unit of the BJP in 2004. In 2009, when the BJP National President Rajnath Singh's term ended in December, Gadkari succeeded him as the youngest ever President of BJP.^[27]

Industrial career[link]

Nitin Gadkari does not consider himself a career politician.^[28] He is known to control these establishments in the following way;

• Poly sack Industrial Society Ltd - Founder and Chairman.^{[citation needed]}
• Nikhil Furniture and Appliances Pvt. Ltd - Promoter and Director.^{[citation needed]}
• Antyodaya Trust - Founder and Member.^{[citation needed]}
• Empress Employees Co-operative Paper Mills Ltd - Founder and Chairman.^{[citation needed]}

Gadkari is also an agriculturist. He has not only promoted but also has major interests in the fields of Water Management, Solar Energy Projects and the use of modern tools in agriculture. Recently, he started exporting fruits to various countries under the banner Ketaki overseas Trading Company.^{[citation needed]}

Awards[link]

He has been honored with the Bombay Bhushan Award and has also been felicitated by various organizations in Mumbai.^{[citation needed]}

References[link]

External links[link]

v t e Bharatiya Janata Party Presidents Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1980 - 1986) · Lal Krishna Advani(1986 - 1991, 1993-1998, 2004-2006) · Murli Manohar Joshi (1991 - 1993) · Kushabhau Thakre (April 1998 - August 2000) · Bangaru Laxman (August 2000 - March 2001) · Jana Krishnamurthi (March 2001 - July 2002)  · Venkaiah Naidu (July 2002 - October 2004) · Rajnath Singh (January 2006 - December 2009) · Nitin Gadkari (December 2009 - incumbent) Branches Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad · Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha · Bharatiya Kisan Sangh · Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh Party leaders Sushma Swaraj · Arun Jaitley · Venkaiah Naidu · Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi · Narendra Modi · Sushil Kumar Modi · Murli Manohar Joshi · Shivraj Singh Chauhan History Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh  · Bharatiya Jana Sangh  · Janata Party  · Organisation