Yasin Malik (1963) is the chairman of one of the two factions of Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front, the chairman for other faction is Farooq Siddiqi(Farooq Papa).Kashmir watchers think that Yasin Malik's shifting policy of seeking an internal solution with India after its alleged secret meeting with the Prime Minister of India led to the secession of its senior leaders, (see Praveen Swami; PMO in secret talks with secessionists)^[1].Farooq Papa is considered to be a hard liner ideologically.The organisation, Jammu & Kashmir Liberation Front split^[2] in two after the senior leaders of the party disagreed with his policy of dealing Kashmir issue on bilateral level with India on the basis as was done in Nagaland. The Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), founded by Amanullah Khan and Maqbool Bhat, is a Kashmiri nationalist organization founded in Birmingham, UK on May 29, 1977. Within a couple of years branches were established in several cities and towns of the UK; and also in several countries of Europe, USA and Middle East. In 1982 branches were established in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, Pakistan and in 1987 in Indian-administered Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir) which shows it essential foreign origin. He started his movement^[3] for separation of Jammu & Kashmir from secular India as an Islamic Nation of Darul Islam while silent on freedom of Pakistan-administered Kashmir. He spent almost 6 years of his life in jail and in interrogations. Yasin Malik originally came to prominence as a Militant Area Commander under the chief commander of Ishfaq Wani of JKLF^[4] who was killed in an encounter with Indian army. In 1994, Yasin Malik renounced violence after he was released from jail and thenceforth, he and his organization called for a peaceful method to come to a settlement on the Kashmir Conflict. He supports the return of Kashmiri Hindus back to the valley^[5]

Personal life[link]

Yasin Malik was born in 1963 in a modest Kashmir household of Maisuma Bazar in the centre of Srinagar. His father was a Government Bus Driver, driving through the toughest routes of the world between Srinagar and Laddakh. He is married to the artist Mishal Malik. Mishal, a distance learning graduate from the London School of Economics and an artist, is the daughter of Rehana Hussain, chief of the Muslim League (women’s wing). Her father, the late M.A. Hussain Malik, was an internationally renowned Pakistani economist. Yasin Malik met Mushaal during a lunch hosted by PML (Q) in favour of Huriet Delegation including Yasin malik who visited Pakistan through LOC during General Pervez Musharrafs tenure.

Militancy[link]

Yasin Malik has admitted killing 4 Indian Airforce Personnel. In 1987, he was arrested, taken to an interrogation center for twenty days and then imprisoned for a year under the Public Safety Act. It was during this period that the four core activist member of the JKLF, Ashfaq Majid Wani (The JKLF Chief), Hamid Sheikh, Javid Mir and Yasin Malik met to form the famous HAJY group, an acronym formed of the first letters of their first names.

Two members of the HAJY Group Hamid and Ashfaq, were killed during encounter with security forces. Yasin Malik and Javid Mir were caught and imprisoned until 1994. In that year, Malik was released on grounds of ill- health. Soon after his release, he announced a unilateral cease-fire on the part of his party. He has stuck, to this day, to his commitment of reverting to a non-violent struggle. Even since his release in 1994 he has been arrested numerous times by Government and had six attempts made on his life by other terrorists. Yet despite this, he has sought to moderate the militant attitudes of fellow party workers.^[6] Meanwhile the years of imprisonment have left him frail. Yasin Malik recently completed two lengthy visits to the United States for health reasons. He undertook campaigns to educate the U.S public and garner support for the cause of Kashmiri struggle.

Yasin Malik was arrested in October 1999 by Indian Authorities under the Public Safety Act and was again arrested on March 26, 2002 under the POTA. He was detained for almost a year. In recent times Yasin has had one to one meetings with President of Pakistan, Prime Minister of Pakistan, Prime Minister of India and other world leaders.^[7] In 2007 Yasin Malik and his party launched a \campaign known as Safar-i-Azadi (Journey to Freedom).^[8] This journey was to create an atmosphere for anti-Indian agitations among public which lasted for one year and during it, Yasin Malik and his colleagues visited about 3500 towns and villages of Kashmir.^[9] Stone pelting and sporadic attacks by Muslim majority of Kashmir of security forces have increased hence forth.^[10]

Some of his prominent party workers include Adv. Bashir Butt, Enj. Ghulam Rasool Dar, Noor Mohammed Kalwal, Showkat Ahmed Bakhshi and Mohammed Hussain Khan Altaf etc. Yasin Malik has Shaheed Maqbool Bhat, Jinnah & Yaser Arafat as his ideals.^[11] Yasin has studied only up to 5th standard but claims that most of the studies he has done are self studies done in various jails. He loves poetry of Allama Iqbal and writings of Imam Gazali. He is influenced with the visions of struggle of Che Guevara.^[12]

In January 2010, asked Kashmiri Pandit migrants to return to their homes in the Kashmir valley.^[13][14]

References[link]

External Links[link]

• http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/25/stories/2006012506451400.htm
• http://www.kashmirnewsline.com/2009/02/13/sacrifices-wont-go-waste-says-siddiqi/
• http://www.youtube.com/results?search_type=&search_query=jklfmaqboolmanzil.
• http://www.newsline.com.pk/newsJan2005/int1jan2005.htm -
• http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/.../Militant-kashmiri-leader-Yasin-Malik-to-marry-racy-artist-Mushaal-Mullick.html -
• http://www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=8652 -
• http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/21/stories/2004012103871200.htm -
• http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/21/stories/2004012103871200.htm -
• http://www.khalidhasan.net/2005/12/18/yasin-malik%E2%80%99s-dream/
• http://www.jamespot.com/a/115935-Pro-independence-Jammu-Kashmir-Liberation-Front-chairman-Mohamme.html -
• http://www.conclave.digitaltoday.in/conclave2008/index.php?option=com_magazine&opt=section&sectionid=3...32...T... -
• http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1413145.cms -
• http://www.outlookindia.com/author.asp?name=Mohammad+Yasin+Malik -
• http://www.jammu-kashmir.com/archives/archives2008/kashmir20080617a.html
• http://www.dawn.com/2008/06/18/local.htm
• http://www.newsline.com.pk/newsJan2005/int1jan2005.htm -
• http://www.newsline.com.pk/NewsJuly2008/profilejuly.htm -
• http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/04/12/08/142842.html
• JKLF Website
• JKLF Website

Harjinder Singh Jinda
Nickname	Jinda
Born	1961 Village Gadli, Amritsar, Punjab, India
Died	October 09, 1992 Pune, Maharashtra, India
Allegiance	Khalistan Commando Force
Years of service	1984 - 1992
Battles/wars	Khalistan movement
Awards	“Great Martyr’ of the Sikh nation

Harjinder Singh Jinda was a member of a Sikh organization Khalistan Commando Force and one of the two assassins of Arun Vaidya (the Chief of Indian army at the time of Operation Bluestar and architect of Operation Bluestar). He was responsible for three high-profile killings; Arjan Dass, Lalit Maken and Gen. Vaidya. He along with other members of Khalistan Commando Force participated in Indian history's biggest bank robbery^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]} of Rs. 5.70 crore ($4.5 million) from Punjab National Bank, Miller Gunj branch, Ludhiana^[8] to finance the campaign for a separate Sikh state of Khalistan.^[9][10]

Early life[link]

Harjinder Singh's mother's and father's names are Gurnam Kaur^[11] and Gulzar Singh.^[12] Jinda had two older brothers, Nirbhail Singh and Bhupinder Singh^[8][13][14] and one sister, Balvinder Kaur.^[11] Harinder Singh alias Mathra Singh and Jagjit Singh were nephews of Harjinder Singh Jinda.^[12] Sikh militant Surjit Singh Penta (who committed suicide by consuming cyanide during Operation Black Thunder in the year of 1998) was a cousin of Harjinder Singh Jinda.^[15][16][17] He belonged to a farmer family.

He was born on April 4, 1962 in the village of Gadli, Jandiala in district Amritsar^[18] and received his early education in his native village of Gadli^[19] in district Amritsar. After completing his early education, he enrolled in Khalsa College, Amritsar.^[13][18][20]

India today described Jinda as 5'7" tall with a mole on the right side of his neck and two wounds on his right leg^[21]

Participation in the Khalistan movement[link]

He was completing his BA part II when Operation Bluestar occurred. He left his studies and joined the Khalistan separatist movement afterwards.

Assassination of Lalit Maken[link]

Harjinder Singh "Jinda" and Sukhdev Singh Sukha along with Ranjit Singh Gill gunned down Congress(I) Member of Parliament Lalit Maken on July 31, 1985,^[8] when he was moving towards his car parked across the road from his house in Kirti Nagar, New Delhi. The three assailants continued firing even as Maken ran towards his house for cover. Maken's wife Geetanjali and a visitor, Balkishan, were also caught in the firing. The assailants escaped on their scooters. Lalit Maken was considered to be involved in the killings of innocent Sikhs during 1984 Anti-Sikh riots. In a 31-page booklet titled 'Who Are The Guilty', People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) listed 227 people who led the mobs, which killed up to 3,000 Sikhs over three days. Lalit Maken's name was third on the list.^[22] A press report has indicated that someone named Bakshish Singh was also involved along with Jinda in this assassination.^[23] Ranjit Singh "Gill" was arrested by Interpol in New Jersey, USA on May 14, 1987, a federal magistrate approved his extradition on February 6, 1988^[24] and he was deported back to India in February 2000 after lengthy legal cases and was sentenced to life imprisonment on February 24, 2003. Finally his life sentence was commuted on May 20, 2009.^[25]

Assassination of General Vaidya[link]

In 1984, General Arun Vaidya had designed and supervised^[26] Operation Blue Star - a controversial military operation ordered by Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India,^[27] against a group of Sikh separatists in June 1984 at the Golden Temple, the holiest shrine of the Sikhs.

General Vaidya had moved to Pune after his retirement from the army. On August 10, 1986, General Arun Vaidya was shot to death by Jinda and Sukha while he was driving his car home from the market.^[28] According to the police, the assailants pulled up next to his car on motor scooters and fired eight or nine shots into the car.^[29] Vaidya reportedly died instantly of head and neck wounds. His wife, who was also in the car, was wounded by four bullets in her back and thighs.^[30] According to Indian intelligence sources, Vaidya had been the number four assassination target on lists by Sikh militants and he was one of several people killed in retaliation for Operation Blue Star.^[31][32] Following the assassination, the Khalistan Commando Force issued a statement declaring that Vaidya had been killed in retaliation for the Operation Blue Star.^[31]

Assassination of Arjan Dass[link]

Congress (I) leader Arjun Dass was assassinated on Sept 5 1985^[33][34] by Jinda,^[35] Sukha^[36] and one other Sikh because of his involvement in 1984 Anti-Sikh riots. Arjan Dass's name appeared in various affidavits submitted by innocent Sikh victims to Nanavati Commission which was headed by Justice G.T. Nanavati, retired Judge of the Supreme Court of India.^[37] He was also identified among organisers of the carnage.^[38][39] Arjun Dass was a close friend of Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi.^[40]

Arrest and death[link]

On September 17, 1986, Sukha got into an accident with a truck in Pimpri, Pune and was arrested. He was riding the same black motorcycle which was used at the time of assassination of General Vaidya. Jinda was arrested at Gurdwara Majnoo Daa Tilla, Delhi in March, 1987. He was shot in the legs at the time of his arrest. During their court trial, despite admitting to the killing, they pled not-guilty, justifying their actions by saying that Vaidya was "guilty of a serious crime, the punishment for which could only be death".^[32] They were awarded death sentences at 2:05 pm on October 21, 1989. Sukha and Jinda also wrote a letter to president of India asking for "No-Clemency" prior to their hanging.^[41] They welcomed their death sentences with Sikh religious slogans of Jo Bole So Nihal and their political slogans of Khalistan Zindabad.

On October 9, 1992, early in the morning, Sukhdev Singh "Sukha" and Harjinder Singh "Jinda" were hanged until death in Pune Jail. The Independent World mentioned “While being led from their cell to the gallows set up in the Yerawada gaol yard, the two convicted killers shouted slogans for Sikh independence in the Punjab”.^[42] Both of them were hanged at 4 am in Yerwada Central Jail Pune while extraordinary security was deployed at the jail and in the periphery of Pune to oppose any possible Sikh militant attack. Security was also tightened all over Northern India.^[43]

Public protests[link]

The Independent World reported that “..their hanging sparked off protests by students and shop-keepers in the Sikh-dominated state of Punjab” and “Security forces were put on alert in New Delhi, Pune, the southern city where the two assassins were hanged, and throughout the Punjab.”.^[42]

Memorial service and subsequent seizure of Golden Temple by the government[link]

On their memorial service, hundreds of troops and police surrounded the Golden Temple. In the early morning hundreds of Sikhs were ordered to move out of the Golden Temple. Sikh leaders Simranjit Singh Mann, Parkash Singh Badal, Gurcharan Singh Tohra and 300 others were arrested in the statewide arrests. Some people were baton charged when they tried to enter this religious place. Approximately 300 Sikhs openly resisted the police clampdown and held the 30 minute memorial service inside the complex while chanting slogans hailing the assassins and in support of Sikh homeland Khalistan. Jinda and Sukha’s fathers were presented with gold medals by Golden Temple priest. Police seize of the temple was lifted 3 hours after the memorial service^[44][45]

Honours/ anniversaries[link]

In October 1999, his death anniversary was celebrated in his village Gadli, district Amritsar, where chief of Akal Takhat Amritsar, Giani Puran Singh declared Jinda a national martyr while justifying his action of killing general Vaidya. Some Akali leaders stayed away from this function.^[46]

On October 9, 2000, representatives of all major Sikh bodies, including ruling Shiromani Akali Dal, the SHSAD, the SGPC, the Damdami Taksal, AISSF and the Dal Khalsa attended the eighth death anniversary of Harjinder Singh Jinda and Sukhdev Singh Sukha. To honour Jinda and Sukha, Giani Joginder Singh Vedanti, Head of Akal Takht (Supreme Sikh temporal seat), performed the ‘ardas’ (a Sikh religious rite). Both Sukha and Jinda were declared as “great martyrs’ of the Sikh nation during this event.^[47]

On October 9, 2002, per The Tribune, on Jinda's death anniversary, "Tributes were paid to the assassins of General Vaidya — Jinda and Sukhdev Singh Sukha" and Jinda's mother was honoured by Giani Joginder Singh Vedanti, chief of Akal Takhat.^[48]

In October 2005, the anniversary of his death was celebrated in his native village of Gadli by various Sikh organization including Dal Khalsa, Damdami Taksal, Akal Federation and Sikh Students Federation etc.^[19] and his family was again honoured by Dal Khalsa in Fateh Garh Sahib in Punjab, India.^[49]

Dashmesh Durbar Sikh temple in Surrey, Canada recently organized special prayers for both Jinda and Sukha in Canada^[50]

On October 9, 2008, Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee honoured kin of Jinda and Sukha in the Golden Temple complex, to mark the anniversaries of their death. SGPC declared Jinda and Sukha ‘martyrs of Sikh nation' and added that Jinda and Sukha took revenge of Operation Bluestar.^[8]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Letter sent by the two to the President of India asking for no clemency
• Letter of Bhai Sukha-Jinda in Panjabi Language
• Harjinder Singh Jinda & Sukhdev Singh Sukha Biography.

On Dal (온달, 溫達, ? ~ 590), referred to by Koreans as babo Ondal ("Ondal the fool"), was a general of the Goguryeo, which was one of the Three kingdoms of Korea. Though simple minded, he rose from common origins to become a remarkable and brave general, died during an attempt to battle of Mt. Acha from Silla army in 590.

See also[link]

• Pyeongwon of Goguryeo
• Princess Pyeonggang

This Korean history-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This Korean biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e