Look up mistrust in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with distrust. (Discuss) Proposed since October 2010.

Mistrust means "to doubt, to lack confidence in". It does not necessarily imply any serious suspicion of malice or bad faith.

This can happen in everyday life in situations where the parties otherwise trust each other, but find themselves questioning that trust. Mistrust is different^{[citation needed]} from distrust, which means much the same but adds suspicion to the mix: it is reserved more for a situation where bad faith is suspected.

Die Verbannten Kinder Evas is an Austrian music project signed to Napalm Records, which was founded in 1993 by Richard Lederer and Michael Gregor.

Biography[link]

The band originally consisted of Protector and Silenius, members of the black metal band Summoning. Michael Gregor later left the band to focus on Summoning.^[1] The music is slow and melancholic, with clear female and male vocals, and with lyrics of John Dowland and Percy Bysshe Shelley.^[1] In 2006 the band released their fourth album, Dusk and Void Became Alive, featuring a new lead female singer, Christina Kroustali.

Die Verbannten Kinder Evas translates to "The Banished Children of Eve". This name is taken from a line of the hymn Salve Regina. ^[1][2]

Discography[link]

• 1995: Die Verbannten Kinder Evas
• 1997: Come Heavy Sleep
• 1999: In Darkness Let Me Dwell
• 2006: Dusk and Void Became Alive

Line-up[link]

Current line-up

• Richard Lederer - synthesizer and vocals
• Christina Kroustali (Lady of Carnage) - vocals

Ex-members

• Michael Gregor - synthesizer and vocals
• Julia Lederer - vocals
• Tania Borsky - vocals

Founding members

• Richard Lederer (Protector) - synthesizer and vocals
• Michael Gregor (Silenius) - synthesizer and vocals

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Die Verbannten Kinder Evas at MySpace
• Die Verbannten Kinder Evas at Napalm Records

Penn Jillette
Penn Jillette after the Penn & Teller show at the Rio in Paradise, Nevada, May 23, 2007
Born	Penn Fraser Jillette (1955-03-05) March 5, 1955 (age 57) Greenfield, Massachusetts, U.S.
Residence	Las Vegas, Nevada
Nationality	American
Occupation	Magician, illusionist, writer, actor, inventor
Years active	1974–present
Known for	Half of the comedy magic duo known as Penn & Teller
Height	6 ft 7 in (2.01 m)[1]
Political party	Libertarian Party
Religion	None (atheist)
Website
Penn and Teller.com

Penn Fraser Jillette (born March 5, 1955) is an American illusionist, comedian, musician, and best-selling author known for his work with fellow magician Teller in the team Penn & Teller, and advocacy of atheism, scientific skepticism, libertarianism and free market capitalism.

Early life[link]

Jillette was born in Greenfield, Massachusetts. His mother, Valda R. Jillette (née Parks) (November 8, 1909 – January 1, 2000),^[2] was a secretary, and his father, Samuel H. Jillette (March 14, 1912 – February 14, 1999),^[2] worked at Greenfield's Franklin County Jail.^[3][4][5] Jillette became disenchanted with traditional illusionist acts that presented the craft as authentic magic, such as The Amazing Kreskin on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. At age eighteen, he saw a show by illusionist James Randi, and became enamored of his approach to magic that openly acknowledged deception as entertainment rather than a mysterious supernatural power. Jillette regularly acknowledges Randi as the one person on the planet he loves the most besides members of his family.

Jillette worked with high school classmate Michael Moschen in developing and performing a juggling act during the years immediately following their 1973 graduation.^[5] In 1974, Jillette graduated from Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Clown College.^[6] That same year, he was introduced to Teller by Weir Chrisemer, a mutual friend.^[7] The three then formed a three-person act called Asparagus Valley Cultural Society which played in Amherst, Massachusetts and San Francisco.^[5] In 1981, he and Teller teamed up as Penn & Teller, and went on to do a successful on- and Off Broadway show called "Penn & Teller" that toured nationally.^[5]

Career and showtime[link]

In 1994 Jillette purchased a home in Las Vegas and dubbed it "The Slammer".^[8] It has been featured in dozens of television shows and articles and was designed by his friend Colin Summers. He currently records music there, and previously conducted his radio show at the studio inside "The Slammer".^[9][10]

Jillette was also a regular contributor to the now-defunct PC/Computing magazine in the early 1990s, having a regular back section column between 1990 and 1994. True to form, the columns were often as much about Uma Thurman as actual PC computing issues. Jillette and PC Computing parted ways over a dispute with a new editor. Jillette felt the new editor was trying to tell him how to write his column and what topics he should be covering. Jillette asserts that he is unsure if he was fired or if he actually quit.

Jillette was the primary voice announcer for the U.S.-based cable network Comedy Central in the 1990s.^[11][12]

Starting in 1996, he had a recurring role on Sabrina, the Teenage Witch as Drell, the head of the Witches' Council. He and Teller both appeared in the pilot with Debbie Harry as the third member of the Council. The show was created by Jillette's friend Nell Scovell.

For a brief time in 1997, Jillette wrote bi-weekly dispatches for the search engine Excite.com. Each column ended with a pithy comment identifying which of the Penn & Teller duo he was. (For example: "Penn Jillette is the half of Penn & Teller that's detained at airports.") Jillette made a habit of linking many words in his online column to wacky sites that generally had nothing to do with the actual words. The columns are no longer available on the current Excite.com site, but have been republished with permission at PennAndTeller.com.^[13]

Starting in 2003, Jillette, along with his partner Teller, began producing and hosting the show Penn & Teller: Bullshit! In the show, the two analyze cultural phenomena, debunk myths, criticize people and aspects of society they deem "bullshit".

In 2005 with actor Paul Provenza, Jillette co-produced and co-directed The Aristocrats (2005), a documentary film tracing the life of a dirty joke known as "The Aristocrats".

From January 3, 2006 to March 2, 2007, Jillette hosted, along with fellow atheist, skeptic, and juggler Michael Goudeau, a live, hour-long radio talk show broadcast on the radio station brand known as Free FM. The show, Penn Radio, broadcast from his Vintage Nudes Studio in Jillette's Las Vegas home. The most notable recurring segment of the show was "Monkey Tuesday" and later "The Pull of the Weasel". On March 2, 2007, Jillette, on Free FM, announced that he would no longer be doing his radio show. He stated that he is a "show biz wimp" and decided to stop doing the show so he could spend more time with his kids Zolten Penn Jillette and Moxie CrimeFighter Jillette.

During the 2006–07 television season, Jillette hosted the prime time game show "Identity" on NBC-TV.

In 2008, Jillette was a contestant on Dancing with the Stars. He was the first celebrity to be eliminated. A reference to his large feet as a sign of another large body part was bleeped in the West Coast airing.^{[citation needed]}

In 2009, Jillette did a spoken guest appearance on a song by Pakistani rapper Adil Omar. The song was titled "Spookshow" and produced by DJ Solo of Soul Assassins. The lyrics condemn religious extremism and encourage skepticism. It is set to be featured on a compilation album by Thick Syrup Records alongside artists like Matt Cameron of Soundgarden, Pearl Jam, Half Japanese and more.^{[citation needed]}

On May 24, 2010, Jillette began a bi-weekly show on Revision3 called Penn Point. It is currently on hiatus. The last update was posted on October 26, 2011.^[14]

On August 16, 2011 Jillette's book God, No! Signs You May Already Be An Atheist and Other Magical Tales was released and made the New York Times Best Sellers in its first week of publication.

An avid upright bassist, Penn frequently accompanies jazz pianist Mike Jones, who opens for the magician's Las Vegas show.^[15]

Jillette was one of the contestants on The Celebrity Apprentice season 5, beginning on February 19, 2012. He was fired from the show by Donald Trump on the April 22 episode of the show. Also on February 19, 2012, along with Michael Goudeau, he started the podcast Penn's Sunday School.

Business ventures[link]

Jill-Jet[link]

In July 1999, Jillette was granted U.S. Patent 5,920,923 for the "Jill-Jet", a hot-tub jet specially angled for a woman's pleasure. He has credited Debbie Harry of Blondie for suggesting the idea, as the two of them were once in a hot-tub and Harry made a remark about changing the jets for a woman's pleasure. Jillette liked the idea enough to pursue patent application at the USPTO under the patent title "Hydro-therapeutic stimulator".^[16] The abstract of the patent explains that a "discharge nozzle is located within the tub and connected to the outlet, mounted to the seat so that the discharged water from the circulation pump automatically aligns with and is directed to stimulation points (i.e., the clitoris) of the female user when the female user sits in the seat." An article in the June 2006 issue of Playboy shed additional light on the invention. Originally, it was to be called the "ClitJet", however he stated that "Jill-Jet" was more suitable because it included his name in the title. Also, "jilling off" is a colloquialism for female masturbation.^{[citation needed]}

On the Penn Radio show, telling the listeners about the photo shoot for the Playboy article, Jillette mentioned that he has a Jill-Jet installed in a tub at "The Slammer", and that several of his female friends and friends' spouses enjoy it a lot, but he is not aware of any other installations of a water jet in such a configuration anywhere else.

Vintage Nudes Studio[link]

Jillette created a private recording studio in his Las Vegas home.^[17] The addition, designed by Outside The Lines Studio and built by Crisci Custom Builders between October 2003 and June 2004 as part of his Las Vegas home,^[18] was named Vintage Nudes Studios by Jillette for playing cards that he had collected. The cards are displayed in the interior design in a manner which is meaningful to magicians.^[19] The studio was home to Free FM's Penn Radio show, and is currently the home of the Penn's Sunday School stream and podcast.^[17][20]

Personal life[link]

Jillette is married to Emily Zolten and has a daughter Moxie CrimeFighter Jillette and a son Zolten Jillette.

He says he has never used recreational drugs or alcohol. He is, however, an advocate of the legalization of all drugs and discontinuing the War on Drugs.^[21]

Jillette is an atheist, libertarian (he has stated that he may consider himself to be an Anarcho-capitalist),^[22] and skeptic, as well as an adherent to Ayn Rand's Objectivist philosophy, as stated on his Penn Says podcast. Jillette is a Fellow at the libertarian think tank, the Cato Institute, and has stated that he "always" votes Libertarian.^[23] In January 2007, Jillette took the "Blasphemy Challenge" offered by the Rational Response Squad and publicly denied the existence of a holy spirit.^[24] His cars' license plates read "atheist", "nogod", and "godless".^[25] "Strangely enough, they wouldn't give me 'Infidel,'" he says.^[25]

In 2005 he wrote and read an essay for National Public Radio claiming that he was "beyond atheism. Atheism is not believing in God  ... I believe there is no God."^[26] His atheism, he has explained, has informed every aspect of his life and thoughts, and as such is as crucial to him as theistic beliefs are to the devout. Jillette welcomes and even encourages open discussion, debate, and proselytizing on the issue of God's existence, believing that the issue is too important for opinions about it to remain private. Jillette does not, however, dismiss all who do believe in God: A 2008 edition of his Penn Says podcast expresses his appreciation for a fan who brought him the gift of a pocket Gideon Bible after a performance because he realized that this individual sincerely cared enough about him to try to help him.^[27]

Jillette has stated that there is not enough information to make an informed decision on global warming, and that it is an emotion versus logic issue.^[28]

Red fingernail[link]

Speculation arises from Jillette's red fingernail on his left hand. From a FAQ from Penn & Teller's official website, there are three common answers:

1. It means he once shot a man for asking personal questions.
2. When Jillette first began performing, his mother told him to get a manicure because people would be looking at his hands. In response to this, he had all of his nails painted red as a joke. The one remaining red fingernail is in honor of his mother.^[29]
3. It's just cool and can also sometimes provide excellent misdirection.^[7]

On the episode of Penn Radio broadcast on November 29, 2006, Jillette related the real story behind his red fingernail. It began as a joke with his mother. When he was 18 years old, his mother advised him to keep his hands looking nice, since he then was working as a magician and his audience would be looking at his hands. Jillette colored the single nail red and showed it to his mother. He has continued to paint that single nail to the present. The color he uses is Jelly Apple Red (#054) by Essie.^[30][29]

Appearances[link]

Filmography[link]

• Futurama: Into the Wild Green Yonder (2009)
• The Growth (2009)
• The Aristocrats (2005)
• Michael Moore Hates America (2004)
• Fantasia 2000 (2000)
• Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998)
• Toy Story (1995)
• Hackers (1995)
• Car 54, Where Are You? (1994)
• The Residents: Twenty Twisted Questions (1992)
• Half Japanese – The Band That Would Be King (1991)
• Penn & Teller Get Killed (1989)
• Gandahar (1988)
• Tough Guys Don't Dance (1987)
• My Chauffeur (1986)
• Off Beat (1985)
• Savage Island (1985)

Television[link]

• Miami Vice
  • "Prodigal Son" (1985) TV episode ... Jimmy Borges
• Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman
  • "Illusions of Grandeur" (1 episode, 1994) ... Romick
• VR 5
  • "Pilot" (1 episode, 1995) ... Mr.Orwell Kravitz
• Friends
  • "The One With the Cuffs" (1 episode, 1997) ... Encyclopedia Salesman
• The Drew Carey Show
  • "See Drew Run" (1997) TV episode ... Archibald Fenn
  • "Drew Meets Lawyers" (1995) TV episode ... Archibald Fenn
• Sabrina The Teenage Witch
  • "First Kiss" (1997) TV episode .... Drell
  • "Jenny's Non-Dream" (1997) TV episode ... Drell
  • "Terrible Things" (1996) TV episode ... Drell
  • "Pilot" (1996) TV episode ... Drell
• Babylon 5
  • "Day of the Dead" (1998) TV episode ... Rebo
• Penn & Teller's Sin City Spectacular 1998–99
• "Hollywood Squares" (1999–2004) regular
• The Simpsons
  • "Hello Gutter, Hello Fadder"
  • "The Great Simpsina" (2 episodes, 1999, 2011) ... himself
• Dharma & Greg (2001)
• The West Wing
  • "In the Room" (2004) ... himself
• Penn & Teller: Bullshit! (2003–2010)
• The Moxy Show (original voice of Flea; later replaced by an unidentified actor in some episodes)
• Identity (premiered in December 2006); returned on March 16, 2008 on NBC and will air for seven weeks every Friday at 8 pm ET.^[22]
• Real Time with Bill Maher (2006) TV episode ... himself
• Dancing with the Stars (2008) ... himself^[31]
• Numb3rs
  • "Magic Show" (2008) TV episode ... himself
• "Glenn Beck" (Fox News)
• Handy Manny
  • "Halloween/Squeeze's Magic Show" (2008) TV episode ... Magic Marty
• Penn & Teller Go Public (1985) TV program produced by Community Television of Southern California and aired on Public Television stations.
• The Defenders
  • "Whitten v. Fenlee" (2010) TV episode ... Ruben Charters
• Fetch with Ruff Ruffman
  • "You Can't Teach an Orange Dog New Tricks" (2009) TV episode...Himself
• Penn & Teller: Fool Us (2010–)
• Real Time with Bill Maher (October 14, 2011) TV episode ... himself
• Penn & Teller Tell a Lie (2011–)
• Celebrity Apprentice 5 (2012)

Music videos[link]

• Ramones – "Something to Believe In"
• Run D.M.C. – "It's Tricky"
• Katy Perry – "Waking Up in Vegas"
• Too Much Joy – "Donna Everywhere"
• Rascal Flatts – "Why Wait"

Music[link]

• "The Horse You Rode In On" by Pigface
• "Spookshow" by Adil Omar

Books by Jillette[link]

• Jillette, Penn (2011). God, No!: Signs You May Already Be an Atheist and Other Magical Tales. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-1036-9. 
• Jillette, Penn (2004). Sock. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin. ISBN 0-312-32805-2. 
• Jillette, Penn (2005). How to Cheat Your Friends at Poker: The Wisdom of Dickie Richard. New York: St. Martin’s Press. ISBN 0-312-36068-1. 
• Jillette, Penn (1989). Cruel Tricks for Dear Friends. New York: Villard. ISBN 0-394-75351-8. 
• Jillette, Penn and Teller (1992). Penn and Teller's How to Play with Your Food. New York: Villard. ISBN 0-679-74311-1. 
• Jillette, Penn and Teller (1997). Penn and Teller's How to Play In Traffic. Berkley Trade. ISBN 1-57297-293-9. 

Podcasts[link]

• "Penn Point" on Revision3.com
• "Penn Says" on Crackle.com
• "Penn's Sunday School" at pennsundayschool.com

References[link]

External links[link]

This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (July 2011)

Find more about Penn Jillette on Wikipedia's sister projects:
	Images and media from Commons
	Quotations from Wikiquote
	Source texts from Wikisource

• Penn & Teller's official website
• Penn's old YouTube channel (Available only in the United States, discontinued Apr 23, 2010)
• Penn's new YouTube channel (Available everywhere)
• Penn Jillette at the Internet Broadway Database
• Penn Jillette at the Internet Movie Database
• Penn Point Jillette's video blog on Revision3
• Penn Says Jillette's video blog on Crackle.com
• Penn Jillette columns includes Jillette's PC-Computing columns
• Penn Jillette/The magician-comedian-writer's secrets revealed! – Slate, February 4, 2006
• Penn Jillette/Telling It Like It Is, With Teller – AskMen.com interview
• "Voodoo and Violence", interview in Reason by Steve Kurtz
• Jillette's home "The Slammer"
• "Penn Jillette's 10 Commandments for atheists". USA Today. October 28, 2011. http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/story/2011-10-28/penn-jillette-ten-commandments/50978982/1. 

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2009)

This article's lead section may not adequately summarize its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of the article's key points. (July 2009)

The Spinto Band
The Spinto Band performing in Bristol, UK
Background information
Origin	Wilmington, Delaware, United States
Genres	Indie rock
Years active	1995–present
Labels	Bar/None, Park the Van
Website	www.spintoband.com
Members
Nick Krill Thomas Hughes Joey Hobson Sam Hughes Jeff Hobson
Past members
Albert Birney Jon Eaton

The Spinto Band is an indie rock band from Wilmington, Delaware. Formed in 1996, the band comprises singer and guitarist Nick Krill, singer and bassist Thomas Hughes, drummer Jeffrey Hobson, keyboardist Sam Hughes, and guitarist Joey Hobson. They are currently signed to Park the Van Records.^[1]

Biography[link]

The Spinto Band was originally formed as recording project by high school students in Wilmington, Delaware in 1996. Frontman Nick Krill describes being inspired to form the band after stumbling upon unused song lyrics penned by his grandfather, Roy Spinto, on the back of Cracker Jack boxes.^[2] Describing the early years of the band: "Every other band we knew back then would play in their garage and do the live thing. They’d do a bunch of concerts, then go, ‘Oh man, we’ve gotta record now?’ But we just had this crap in the basement and all we’d do was record, so we had 20 90-minute tapes full of junk before we played our first show."^[3]

After several releases on the band's own Spintonic label, the band released its proper debut album, Nice and Nicely Done, on Bar/None Records in 2006. The song "Oh, Mandy" was released as a single, and the group performed the first installment of filmmaker Vincent Moon's popular Take-Away Shows. The song was also featured as the soundtrack to a TV commercial for Sears, the payment for which funded the band's 2008 European tour.^[4][5]

In 2008, the band signed to Park the Van Records and released its second full-length album Moonwink. The group promoted the album with a series of humorous videos on YouTube.^[6] Preorders of the album were accompanied with a 7-inch single that coupled the band original "Franco Prussian" with a cover of The Motors 1978 UK hit "Airport."

The following year, the band released an EP titled Slim and Slender. The four-song release contained three original songs and a cover of Ary Barroso's 1939 South American hit "Brazil."

The band recently released their third album, Shy Pursuit, on May 1, 2012.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Free Beer (1998), Spintonic Records - (as Free Beer)^[7]
• 30 Songs To Ease the Soul (1998), Spintonic Records - (as Free Beer)^[8]
• Our Mama, Jeffrey (1998), Spintonic Records - (as Free Beer)^[9]
• The Analog Chronicles (1998), Spintonic Records - (as Free Beer)^[10]
• Digital Summer (New Wave Techno Pop) (1999), Spintonic Records
• Roosevelt (2000), Spintonic Records
• Mersey & Reno (2001), Spintonic Records
• Nice and Nicely Done (2005), Bar/None Records
• Moonwink (2008), Park the Van Records
• Shy Pursuit (2012), Spintonic Records

Compilations[link]

• Sam Raimi (2000) - Spintonic Records
• Strauss (2000) - Spintonic Records
• Straub (2000) - Spintonic Records
• Happy Naught Seven from The Spinto Band (2007)

E.P.s[link]

• The Spinto Band (EP) (2003) - Sleepglue Records
• Good Answer (2004) - Spintonic Records
• Slim and Slender (2009) - Park the Van Records

Singles[link]

• "Oh Mandy" (CD) (2005) - Stolen Transmissions
• "Mountains/Brown Boxes" (7") (2005) - Radiate
• "Direct to Helmet" (CD, 7") (2006) - Radiate
• "Did I Tell You" (CD, 7") (2006) - Radiate - UK #55
• "Oh Mandy" (CD, 7") (2006) - Radiate - UK #54
• "Brown Boxes/Mountains" (promo CD only) (2006) - Radiate
• "Summer Grof" (7") (2008) - Fierce Panda Records
• "Franco Prussian" (7") (2008) - Park the Van Records
• "Vivian, Don't" (7") (2009) - Fierce Panda Records

Band members[link]

• Nick Krill (guitar/vocals)
• Thomas Hughes (bass guitar/vocals)
• Jeffrey Hobson (drums)
• Sam Hughes (keyboards)
• Joey Hobson (guitar)

Previous members[link]

• Albert Birney, until Nice and Nicely Done. Now plays in the Airkick Pigeon Band.^[11]
• Jon Eaton, guitarist, until March 2011. In the words of Nick Krill, he "decided he didn't want to be a musician for the rest of his life and figured now is a good time to bow out."^[12]

References[link]

External links[link]

• The Spinto Band Web Journal
• The band's official website
• Official all dig down page and Blog
• The largest fan community on the web
• A creative website driven by the Spinto Band and their friends
• Article on The Spinto Band
• WHYME Podcast #34: Interview with Jon and Nick of the Spinto Band
• Carol Cleveland Sings
• Carol Cleveland Sings on Songfight!
• Music For Listeners and The Spinto Band First Interview and Soda/Tea/Root Beer Taste Test
• Soundcrank Podcast Hosted by The Spinto Band
• [1]

Rand Paul
United States Senator from Kentucky
Incumbent
Assumed office January 3, 2011 Serving with Mitch McConnell
Preceded by	Jim Bunning
Personal details
Born	Randal Howard Paul (1963-01-07) January 7, 1963 (age 49) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Kelley Ashby Paul (m. 1990)
Relations	Ron Paul Carol Wells Paul (parents)
Children	William, Robert, and Duncan
Residence	Bowling Green, Kentucky
Alma mater	Baylor University (1981–1984) Duke University (M.D., 1988)
Occupation	Ophthalmologist (Physician), Politician
Religion	Presbyterian[1] (baptized Episcopalian)
Website	paul.senate.gov Rand Paul 2010

Randal Howard "Rand" Paul (born January 7, 1963) is the junior United States Senator for Kentucky. He is a member of the Republican Party. A member of the Tea Party movement, he describes himself as a "constitutional conservative"^[2] and a libertarian.^[3] He is the son of Republican Congressman and 2012 Republican presidential candidate Ron Paul of Texas and had never previously held political office. Paul first received national attention in 2008 when making political speeches on behalf of his father. Rand Paul is the first United States Senator in history to serve alongside a parent in the United States House of Representatives.

A graduate of the Duke University School of Medicine, Paul has been a practicing ophthalmologist in Bowling Green, Kentucky, since 1993, and established his own clinic in December 2007. In 1994, he founded Kentucky Taxpayers United, of which he is still the chairman.^[4]

In 2010, Paul ran as the Republican candidate for the United States Senate seat being vacated by retiring Senator Jim Bunning of Kentucky and defeated Kentucky Attorney General Jack Conway. As a supporter of the Tea Party movement, Paul has been vocal in advocating for term limits, a balanced budget amendment, and the Read the Bills Act, in addition to the widespread reduction of federal spending and taxation. He has gained prominence for his independent positions on many political issues, often clashing with both Republicans and Democrats.^[5]

Early life and education[link]

Paul at a rally in Erlanger, Kentucky, on October 2, 2010, along with his father, Congressman Ron Paul of Texas, and his son, William Paul.

Randal Howard Paul^[6] was born on January 7, 1963, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Carol Wells Paul and Ron Paul. Paul's father is a physician and U.S. Representative of Texas's 14th congressional district. The middle child of five, his siblings are Ronald "Ronnie" Paul Jr., Lori Paul Pyeatt, Robert Paul and Joy Paul-LeBlanc.^[7] Paul was baptized in the Episcopal Church^[8] and identified as a practicing Christian as a teenager.^[9] Despite his father's libertarian views and strong support for individual rights,^[9][10] the novelist Ayn Rand was not the inspiration for Paul's first name; he went by "Randy" while growing up.^[11] His wife shortened his name to "Rand".^[9][12][13]

The Paul family moved to Lake Jackson, Texas, in 1968,^[11][14] where Rand was raised^[15][16] and his father began his medical practice and for an extent of time was the only obstetrician in Brazoria County.^[11][14] When Paul was 13, his father was elected to the United States House of Representatives.^[17] In his teenage years, Paul studied the Austrian economists that his father respected, as well as Ayn Rand.^[11] Paul went to Brazoswood High School and was on the swimming team and played defensive back on the football team.^[9][15] Paul attended Baylor University from fall 1981 to summer 1984. Paul was enrolled in the honors program at Baylor, and had scored approximately in the 90th percentile on the Medical College Admission Test.^[18] During Paul's time at Baylor, he was involved in the swim team and Young Conservatives of Texas and was a member of a secret organization known as the NoZe Brotherhood.^[19] Paul left Baylor early when he was accepted into the Duke University School of Medicine, where he earned his Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree in 1988 and completed his residency in 1993.^[18]

Personal life[link]

Paul arriving at the Bowling Green-Warren County Regional Airport on November 1, 2010, in Bowling Green, Kentucky, along with his wife Kelley, sons Duncan and Robert, and a campaign staffer.

In Atlanta, Paul met Kelley Ashby, a Rhodes College English major. Paul and Ashby were married on October 20, 1990, and moved to Bowling Green, Kentucky, less than 30 miles (48 km) from her hometown of Russellville, Kentucky, in 1993.^[20]

Kelley Paul is a freelance writer, and she manages payroll and marketing communications for Paul's surgical practice.^[21] The couple have three sons: William, Duncan and Robert.^[22]

Medical career[link]

Paul has held a state-issued medical license since moving to Bowling Green in 1993.^[23] He received his first job from Dr. John Downing of Downing McPeak Vision Centers, which brought him to Bowling Green after completing his residency. Paul worked for Downing for about five years before parting ways. Afterwards, he went to work at the Graves-Gilbert Clinic, a private medical group in Bowling Green, for 10 years before creating his own practice in a converted one-story house across the street from Downing's office.^[24] After his election to the U.S. Senate, Paul merged his practice with Downing's medical practice.^[25] Paul has had two malpractice lawsuits filed against him since 1993. Paul was cleared in one case and the other was settled for $50,000.^[24] Regardless, his medical work has been praised by Downing and Paul has medical privileges at two Bowling Green hospitals.^[23][24] Paul specializes in cataract and glaucoma surgeries, LASIK procedures, and corneal transplants.^[12]

As a member of the Bowling Green Noon Lions Club, Paul founded the Southern Kentucky Lions Eye Clinic to help provide eye surgery and exams for those who cannot afford to pay.^[26] He is a regular presenter at the annual Men's Health and Safety Day conference held by The Medical Center of Bowling Green since 1998.^[27] In 1999 Paul founded the Non-profit organization National Board of Ophthalmology (NBO).^[28]

Board certification[link]

In 2010 the Louisville Courier-Journal reported that Paul, who described himself as a "board-certified" ophthalmologist, was not certified by the American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO).^[23] In 1995, Paul passed the American Board of Ophthalmology boards earning his certification under the ABO for a term of one decade. In 1997, after a dispute with the American Board of Ophthalmology over recertification requirements,^[29] Paul, along with 200 ophthalmologists formed the National Board of Ophthalmology (NBO).^[30] A spokesperson for the American Board of Medical Specialties stated: "He [Paul] is not board-certified."^[23]

Paul's ABO certification lapsed on December 31, 2005, and Paul has since been certified by the NBO.^[23] ABO administrator Beth Ann Slembarski says that over 95 percent of the nation’s practicing ophthalmologists have American Board of Ophthalmology certification.^[31] Regardless of his additional certifications, Paul has been licensed by the state to practice medicine in Kentucky since 1993, and his license is in good standing with no history of disciplinary action. The Courier-Journal reported: "There is no indication that Paul isn't qualified to practice ophthalmology."^[23]

Political activism[link]

Rand Paul in 2011 speaking at the Night of the Rising Stars.

As founder and chairman of the anti-tax organization Kentucky Taxpayers United (KTU) since 1994, Paul regularly presents "taxpayers' friend" awards to state legislators. KTU, which regards itself as nonpartisan, but is criticized for being ideologically conservative,^[32][33] examines legislator records on taxation and spending to inform voters where their own lawmakers stand on the issues.^[34] Paul's editorial commentary on behalf of KTU has been published and recognized in the Kentucky Post.^[35]

KTU sponsors the Taxpayer's Pledge of Americans for Tax Reform, encouraging politicians to pledge publicly to vote uniformly against tax raises.^[35] Nine of fifteen Northern Kentucky legislators signed the pledge,^[36] such as Senator Dick Roeding^[35] and Representative Royce Adams in 1996.^[37] In 2000, these legislators considered a hotel room tax hike (favored by Governor Paul Patton for helping expand the Dr. Albert B. Sabin Convention Center in nearby Cincinnati), even though the increase might "incur the wrath of Paul's group," as two newspapers put it.^[36][38]

Paul stated that Patton's argument for "revenue recovery" was merely a euphemism for taxes^[39] and said that KTU would fight reelection of any pledge-breakers; Adams requested in writing that Paul's group release him from his pledge, stating that it only applied to his first term.^[37] By the close of session in April, the tax increase had failed, although Patton had achieved most of his intended budget; Paul stated legislators were pressured to finalize the budget by deadline rather than to "face accusations of shutting down government."^[40]

Paul often speaks on his father's behalf,^[22][41] and he and his son William attended the third Republican presidential debate of 2007 in New Hampshire, as well as campaigned door-to-door in the state for his father.^[42] At a New Hampshire rally with 250 in attendance (plus 30 members of his own family), Paul repeated a campaign meme by pretending to take a call from Rudy Giuliani during his remarks, and joking that Giuliani needed campaigners and wanted to borrow the Paul family.^[43]

On December 16, 2007, the 234th anniversary of the Boston Tea Party, Paul spoke at Faneuil Hall in favor of small government principles,^[44] calling for what CNN termed a "modern day revolution."^[45] He continued campaigning across the country for his father in 2008,^[21] traveling as far as Montana.^[26]

Paul has co-authored a book entitled The Tea Party Goes to Washington with Jack Hunter, released on February 22, 2011.^[46] It defends the Tea Party movement.^[47]

Electoral history[link]

Paul in Louisville, November 2009

Primary campaign[link]

In the beginning of 2009, Paul was the focus of an online grassroots movement to draft him in a bid to replace beleaguered Republican Kentucky senator Jim Bunning. The news of his potential candidacy became a topic of national interest and was discussed in the Los Angeles Times^[48] and locally in the Kentucky press.^[49] Commenting on Paul's possible candidacy, Congressman Ron Paul noted that "Should Senator Bunning decide not to run, I think Rand would make a great U.S. Senator."^[50]

On May 1, 2009, Paul officially confirmed that if Bunning, whose fundraising in 2009 has matched his poor numbers in opinion polling for the 2010 election,^[51] declined to seek a third term, he would almost certainly run in the Republican Party primary to succeed him,^[52] and formed an exploratory committee soon after, while still promising to stay out of the race if Bunning had ultimately decided to run for re-election. Paul made this announcement on MSNBC's The Rachel Maddow Show, though the news was first broken by a local Kentucky news site.^[53]

On July 28, 2009, Bunning announced that he would not run for re-election, after facing insufficient fundraising. This announcement left only Paul and Secretary of State Trey Grayson as the remaining candidates for the Republican nomination,^[54] with Paul announcing on August 5, 2009 that he would officially run for the U.S. Senate as a Republican. The announcement was made through a series of national TV events, radio, and other programs, as well as through newspapers in Kentucky.^[55][56][57]

Early fundraising success[link]

On August 20, 2009, Paul's grassroots planned a moneybomb to kick off his campaign for United States Senate. The official campaign took in $433,509 in 24 hours.^[58] According to Paul,^[59] This set a new record in Kentucky's political fundraising history in a 24-hour period.

A second "moneybomb" was held on September 23, 2009, to counter a D.C. fundraiser being held for primary opponent Trey Grayson, by 23 Republican United States Senators, 17 of whom voted for the bank bailout.^[60] The theme was a UFC "fight" between Paul and "We the People" vs. Trey Grayson and the "D.C. Insiders."^[61] The money bomb ended up raising $186,276 for Paul in 24 hours on September 23;^[62] bringing Paul's Senate campaign's total raised to over one million. Later in the campaign, Paul claimed his pledge to not take money from lobbyist and Senators who voted for the bailout was only a "primary pledge"^[63] and Paul later held a DC fundraiser with the same Senators who were the target of the September 23, 2009 "moneybomb." Paul ended up raising some $3 million during the primary period.

Primary victory[link]

Rand Paul with then-Senator Jim Bunning.

Although Grayson was considered the frontrunner in July 2009,^[64] Paul found success characterizing Grayson as a "career politician" and challenging Grayson's conservatism. Paul ran an ad in February that made an issue out of Grayson's September 2008 admission that he voted for Bill Clinton when he was 20 years old.^[65] Although the Paul campaign later removed the video from YouTube, Paul's Democratic general election competitor put it back up on October 20 after Paul had taken exception to the Democrat making an issue out of Paul's own college-age actions.^[66] James Dobson, a Christian evangelical figure, endorsed Grayson on April 26 based on the advice of what Dobson described as "senior members of the GOP", but on May 3 the Paul campaign announced that Dobson had changed his endorsement to Paul^[67] after Paul and some Paul supporters had lobbied Dobson insisting on Paul's social conservative bona fides.^[68]

On May 18 Paul won the Republican Senatorial primary by a 23.4% margin,^[69] meaning he would face the Kentucky Attorney General Jack Conway, in the November 2 general election.^[70]

General campaign[link]

On June 28, 2010, Rand Paul supporters held their first post-primary online fundraising drive, this time promoted as a "money blast."^[71][72]

BP oil spill comments[link]

On May 21, 2010, Paul generated some controversy by characterizing statements made by Obama administration officials regarding the BP oil spill cleanup as sounding "un-American". Paul said:

Paul may have been referring to a statement by Interior Secretary Ken Salazar, who said "our job is basically to keep the boot on the neck of British Petroleum to carry out the responsibilities that they have, both under the law and contractually to move forward and to stop this spill."^[74] Salazar's remark was later slightly misquoted as "boot on the throat" by Press Secretary Robert Gibbs. Gibbs clarified at the same press conference, when asked if this metaphor did not imply hostility to BP, "I think the President accurately conveyed in his remarks yesterday that we are going to do everything humanly possible, and ensure that BP is doing everything humanly possible, to deal with this as comprehensively and as quickly as they can."^[75]

Private property and civil rights[link]

Paul criticized the Bowling Green Daily News on May 30, 2002 for supporting the Fair Housing Act. He explained that "a free society will abide unofficial, private discrimination, even when that means allowing hate-filled groups to exclude people based on the color of their skin."^[76] On May 19, 2010, Paul stated that he favors 9 out of 10 titles of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, but had he been a senator during 1960s, he would have raised some questions on the constitutionality of Title II of the Act, which prohibits private businesses who provide public accommodations from discriminating on the basis of race, religion, or national origin against their customers, arguing that it infringes upon constitutional freedoms. Paul stated on National Public Radio, "I'm in favor of everything with regards to ending institutional racism".^[77] Paul favors community and neighborhood pressure to persuade private businesses, rather than federal laws that he argued might violate the constitution.^[78] Paul said he abhors racism, and he would have marched with Martin Luther King Jr. to repeal Jim Crow Laws. Paul's comments on Title II of Civil Rights Act of 1964 stirred controversy^[79][80][81] and brought concern among Republican party insiders about his viability in the general election.^[80][81] Paul later released a statement declaring that he would have voted for the Act and stated "unequivocally ... that I will not support any efforts to repeal the Civil Rights Act of 1964".^[82][83] Paul stating that while he "abhors racism," he doesn't like the idea of the federal government determining who a business may serve.^[84] Amid a flurry of controversy, Paul became the first American politician to cancel an appearance on Meet the Press in their 64-year history.^[85] Additionally, RNC Chairman Michael Steele, publicly denounced him, saying that Paul's opposition to the Civil Rights Act is a "misplaced" philosophy for the 21st Century.^[86]

Paul addressed his feelings about intentions of the legislation relating to public offices, stating that he "overwhelmingly agrees with the intent of the [Civil Rights Act] which was to stop discrimination in the public sphere and halt the abhorrent practice of segregation and Jim Crow laws," and that Constitutional challenges to the law have been settled by the courts.^[87]

Endorsements[link]

Paul has secured endorsements from several public figures and political organizations. They include the Downsize DC Foundation,^[88] Concerned Women for America,^[89] Gun Owners of America,^[90] Steve Forbes,^[91] FreedomWorks,^[92] Club for Growth,^[93] James Dobson,^[94] Sarah Palin,^[95] Jim DeMint,^[96] Cathy Bailey,^[97] Jim Bunning,^[98] Erick Erickson,^[99] National Federation of Independent Business,^[100] Council for Citizens Against Government Waste,^[101] National Right to Life,^[102] US Chamber of Commerce,^[103] National Vietnam and Gulf War Veterans Coalition,^[104] Mike Huckabee,^[105] and Tony Perkins/FRC Action PAC.^[106][107]

U.S. Senate career[link]

Tenure[link]

Paul was sworn in on January 5, 2011 along with his father, marking the first time in congressional history that a child served in the Senate while the parent simultaneously served in the House of Representatives.^[108] He was assigned to serve on the Energy and Natural Resources, Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, Homeland Security and Government Affairs, and Small Business committees.^[109] Paul also formed the Senate Tea Party Caucus with Jim DeMint and Mike Lee as its inaugural members.^[110] Paul’s first legislative proposal was to cut $500 billion from federal spending in one year. This proposal includes cutting the Department of Education by 83 percent and the Department of Homeland Security by 43 percent, as well as folding the Department of Energy into the Department of Defense and eliminating the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Seven independent agencies would be eliminated and food stamps would be cut by 30 percent. Under Paul’s proposal, defense spending would be reduced by 6.5 percent and international aid would be eliminated.^[111] He later proposed a five-year budget plan that he believed would balance the budget.^[112]

In February, Paul was one of two Republicans to vote against extending three key provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act (roving wiretaps, searches of business records, and conducting surveillance of "lone wolves" — individuals not linked to terrorist groups).^[113] In May, he remained the last senator opposing the PATRIOT Act, and was ultimately defeated on May 26.^[114]

On March 2, Paul was one of nine senators to vote against a stopgap bill that cut $4 billion from the budget and temporarily prevent a government shutdown, citing that it did not cut enough from the budget.^[115] One week later, Paul voted against the Democratic and Republican budget proposals to keep funding the federal government, citing that both bills did not cut enough spending. Both bills failed to pass the senate.^[116] He later voted against stopgap measures on March 17 and April 8, both of which passed the senate.^[117] On April 14, Paul was one of 19 senators to vote against a budget that cut $38.5 billion from the budget and fund the government for the remainder of the fiscal year.^[118] Paul voiced opposition to U.S. intervention in the Libyan civil war and has criticized President Obama for not gaining congressional consent for Operation Odyssey Dawn.^[119] During the debt ceiling crisis, Paul stated that he would only support raising the debt ceiling if a balanced budget amendment was enacted.^[120] Paul was a supporter of the Cut, Cap and Balance Act, which was tabled by the Democrats.^[121] On August 3, Paul voted against a bill that would raise the debt ceiling.^[122]

On September 7, Paul called for a vote of no confidence in Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner.^[123] Later that month, Paul blocked legislation that would strengthen safety rules for oil and gas pipelines because he felt the bill was not strong enough.^[124] In October, Paul blocked a bill that would provide $36 million in benefits for elderly and disabled refugees, saying that he was concerned that it could be used to aid domestic terrorists. This was in response to two alleged terrorists, who came to the United States through a refugee program and were receiving welfare benefits, were arrested in 2011 in Paul’s hometown of Bowling Green.^[125] Paul lifted his hold on the bill after Democratic leaders promised to hold a congressional hearing into how individuals are selected for refugee status and request an investigation on how the two suspects were admitted in the country through a refugee program.^[126]

Committee assignments[link]

• Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
  • Subcommittee on Energy
• Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
  • Subcommittee on Primary Health and Aging
• Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
  • Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Contracting Oversight
  • Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
  • Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
• Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship

Political positions[link]

Paul supports term limits, a balanced budget amendment, and the Read the Bills Act, in addition to the widespread reduction of federal spending and taxation. He has gained prominence for his independent positions on many political issues, often clashing with both Republicans and Democrats.^[5]

Abortion and bioethics[link]

Paul is opposed to abortion and supports a Human Life Amendment and a Life at Conception Act.^{[127][128][129]} He also opposes abortion in cases of rape and incest,^[130] but supports use of the morning-after pill.^[131] He opposes federal funding for abortion.^[128] He takes a states' rights position, favoring the overturn of Roe v. Wade and allowing states to decide on the legality of abortions without federal involvement.^[132]

According to the Paul campaign, Paul received a 100% pro-life score on a Kentucky Right to Life survey^[133] and indicated on the survey that he opposed human cloning. This was disputed by Kentucky Right to Life, however, who endorsed Paul's primary opponent instead and claimed that Paul did not, in fact, answer the cloning question.^[134]

Campaign finance reform[link]

Paul opposes the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 and has called it a "dangerous piece of legislation".^[135] Instead, he supports regulating the contracts given out by Congress and placing limits on corporations receiving government contracts. Paul opposes legislation limiting the amount of money individuals, corporations, and organizations can give to candidates. Additionally, Paul has proposed "mandating a clause in all federal contracts over $1 million that requires the recipient to pledge not to lobby government or contribute to campaigns during the terms of the contract."^[135][136]