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Look up Carolyn in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

See Carl (name) for more information about the name.

Carolyn is a female given name, a spelling variant of Caroline]. Another spelling is Karolyn. Caroline itself is one of the feminine forms of Charles.

People named Carolyn include:

• Carolyn Bennett (born 1950), Canadian politician
• Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy (1966-1999), wife of John F. Kennedy, Jr.
• Carolyn Brown (choreographer) (born 1927), American dancer, choreographer, and writer, founding member of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company
• Carolyn Cassady (born 1923), American writer associated with the Beat Generation
• Carolyn C. J. Cherryh, American science fiction and fantasy writer
• Carolyn Forché (born 1950), American poet, editor, translator and human rights advocate
• Carolyn Franklin (1944-1988), American singer and songwriter, sister of Aretha Franklin
• Carolyn Hart, American mystery writer
• Carolyn Hax (born 1966), American writer and advice columnist
• Carolyn Dawn Johnson (born 1971), Canadian country music singer-songwriter
• Carolyn Jones (1930-1983), American actress best known for playing Morticia Addams in the television series The Addams Family
• Carolyn Jones (politician), Canadian politician
• Carolyn Jones-Young (born 1969), American former basketball player
• Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick (born 1945), American politician
• Carolyn Kizer (born 1925), Pulitzer Prize-winning American poet
• Carolyn Leigh (1926-1983), American lyricist best known for co-writing "Witchcraft" and "The Best Is Yet to Come"
• Carolyn B. Maloney (born 1946), American politician
• Carolyn Martin (born 1951), American academic, author and president of Amherst College
• Carolyn McCarthy (born 1944), American politician
• Carolyn McCormick (born 1959), American actress best known for her role as Dr. Elizabeth Olivet in the Law & Order franchise
• Carolyn Morris (1925-1996), pitcher in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
• Carolyn Omine, American television writer and producer
• Carolyn Parrish (born 1946), Canadian former politician
• Carolyn Porco (born 1953), American planetary scientist
• Carolyn See (born 1934), American author and reviewer
• Carolyn Seymour (born 1947), English actress
• Carolyn S. Shoemaker (born 1929), American astronomer
• Carolyn Watkinson (born 1949), English mezzo-soprano singer of baroque music
• Carolyn D. Wright (born 1949), American poet

Fictional Carolyns include:

• Carolyn Keene, pseudonym of the authors of the Nancy Drew and The Dana Girls mystery stories
• Carolyn Barek, on the television series Law & Order: Criminal Intent
• Carolyn Stoddard, from the soap opera Dark Shadows

See also[link]

• All pages beginning with "Carolyn"
• All pages beginning with "Karolyn"

This given name-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Merle Haggard
Haggard at the White House for the 2010 Kennedy Center Honors
Background information
Birth name	Merle Ronald Haggard
Also known as	The Hag
Born	(1937-04-06) April 6, 1937 (age 75) Oildale, California, United States
Genres	Country
Occupations	Songwriter, musician, guitarist and singer
Years active	1963–present
Labels	Capitol, MCA, Epic, Curb, ANTI, Vanguard
Website	merlehaggard.com
Notable instruments
Merle Haggard Signature Model Telecaster

Merle Ronald Haggard (born April 6, 1937) is an American country music song writer, singer, guitarist, fiddler and instrumentalist. Along with Buck Owens, Haggard and his band The Strangers helped create the Bakersfield sound, which is characterized by the unique twang of Fender Telecaster and the unique mix with the traditional country steel guitar sound, new vocal harmony styles in which the words are minimal, and a rough edge not heard on the more polished Nashville Sound recordings of the same era.

By the 1970s, Haggard was aligned with the growing outlaw country movement, and has continued to release successful albums through the 1990s and into the 2000s. In 1997, Merle Haggard was inducted into the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame.

Early life[link]

Merle Haggard was born in Oildale, California, in 1937. His parents, James Francis and Flossie Mae (née Harp) Haggard,^[1] moved from Oklahoma to California during the Great Depression. At that time, much of the population of Bakersfield consisted of migrant workers from Oklahoma and surrounding states. Haggard spent his childhood in Oildale, a hardscrabble suburb of Bakersfield home to many workers in the adjacent Kern River Oil Field. His maternal grandmother, Martha Arizona Belle "Zona" Villines Harp (1881-1971), is the subject of his 1972 hit "Grandma Harp."

Haggard's father died when Merle was nine years old. He soon began committing petty crimes and truancy. Due to shoplifting in 1950 (aged thirteen), Merle was sent to a juvenile detention center.^[2] In 1951, aged 14, Haggard ran away to Texas with a friend, but returned that same year and was arrested for truancy and petty larceny. Again escaping the juvenile detention center, he went to Modesto, California. He worked odd jobs—legal and not—and began performing in a bar. Once he was found again, he was sent to the Preston School of Industry, a high-security installation. He was released fifteen months later, but was sent back after beating a local boy during a burglary attempt. After his fourth release, Haggard saw Lefty Frizzell in concert with his friend, Bob Teague. After hearing Haggard sing along to his first two songs Frizzell allowed Haggard to sing at the concert. The audience enjoyed Haggard and he began working on a full-time music career. After he had earned a local reputation, Haggard's money problems caught up with him. He was arrested for attempting to rob a Bakersfield tavern in 1957^[3] and was sent to the San Quentin state prison for three years.

While in prison, Haggard ran a gambling and brewing racket from his cell. During a time of solitary confinement, he encountered an alcoholic mathematician and death row inmate, Drunk Adam. Haggard had the opportunity to escape with a fellow inmate (nicknamed "Rabbit") but passed. The inmate successfully escaped, only to shoot a police officer and return to San Quentin for execution. Drunk Adam's predicament along with that of "Rabbit" inspired Haggard to turn his life around. Haggard soon earned a high-school equivalence diploma, kept a steady job in the prison's textile plant, and played in the prison's band. Upon his release in 1960, Haggard said it took about four months to get used to being out of the penitentiary and that, at times, he actually wanted to go back in. He said it was the loneliest he had ever felt.^{[citation needed]}

Country success[link]

Haggard performing in June 2009

Upon his release, Haggard started digging ditches and wiring houses for his brother. Soon he was performing again, and later began recording with Tally Records. The Bakersfield Sound was developing in the area as a reaction against the over-produced honky tonk of the Nashville Sound. Haggard's first song was "Skid Row". In 1962, Haggard wound up performing at a Wynn Stewart show in Las Vegas and heard Wynn's "Sing a Sad Song". He asked for permission to record it, and the resulting single was a national hit in 1964. The following year he had his first national top ten record with "(My Friends Are Gonna Be) Strangers", written by Liz Anderson (mother of country singer Lynn Anderson) and his career was off and running. 1966 saw his first number one song "I'm a Lonesome Fugitive", also written by Liz Anderson, which Haggard acknowledges in his autobiography remains his most popular number with audiences.

In 1968, Haggard's first tribute LP Same Train, Different Time: A Tribute to Jimmie Rodgers, was released to acclaim. "Okie From Muskogee", 1969's apparent political statement, was actually written as an abjectly humorous character portrait. Haggard called the song a "documentation of the uneducated that lived in America at the time."^[4] He said later on the Bob Edwards Show that "I wrote it when I recently got out of the joint. I knew what it was like to lose my freedom, and I was getting really mad at these protesters. They didn't know anything more about the war in Vietnam than I did. I thought how my dad, who was from Oklahoma, would have felt. I felt I knew how those boys fighting in Vietnam felt."

Later, Alabama Gov. George Wallace asked Haggard for an endorsement, which Haggard declined. However, Haggard has expressed sympathy with the "parochial" way of life expressed in "Okie" and songs such as "The Fightin' Side of Me". After "Okie" was released, it was a hit.

Regardless of exactly how they were intended, "Okie From Muskogee", "The Fightin' Side of Me", and "I Wonder If They Think of Me" were hailed as anthems of the so-called "Silent Majority" and presaged a trend in patriotic songs that would reappear years later with Charlie Daniels' "In America", Lee Greenwood's "God Bless the USA", and others. In 1969 the Grateful Dead began performing Haggard's tune "Mama Tried", which appeared on their 1971 eponymous live album. The song became a staple in their repertoire until the band's end in 1995. The Grateful Dead also performed Haggard's "Sing Me Back Home" numerous times between 1971 and 1973. In addition, the Flying Burrito Brothers recorded and performed "White Line Fever" in 1971, and toured with "Sing Me Back Home" and "Hungry Eyes". Singer-activist Joan Baez, whose political leanings couldn't be more different from those expressed in Haggard's above-referenced songs, nonetheless covered "Sing Me Back Home" and "Mama Tried" in 1969. The Everly Brothers also used both songs in their 1968 country-rock album Roots. Haggard's next LP was A Tribute to the Best Damn Fiddle Player in the World (or, My Salute to Bob Wills), which helped spark a permanent revival and expanded audience for western swing.

On Tuesday, March 14, 1972, shortly after "Carolyn" became another number one country hit for Haggard, then-California governor Ronald Reagan granted Haggard a full pardon for his past crimes.

During the early to mid 1970s, Haggard's chart domination continued with songs like "Someday We'll Look Back", "Carolyn", "Grandma Harp", "Always Wanting You", and "The Roots of My Raising". He also wrote and performed the theme song to the television series Movin' On, which in 1975 gave him another number one country hit. The 1973 recession anthem "If We Make It Through December" furthered Haggard's status as a champion of the working class. Haggard appeared on the cover of TIME on May 6, 1974.

In 1981, Haggard published an autobiography, Sing Me Back Home. That same year, he alternately spoke and sang the ballad The Man In the Mask. Written by Dean Pitchford (whose other output includes Fame, Footloose, Sing, Solid Gold and the musical Carrie), this was the combined narration/theme from the movie The Legend of the Lone Ranger...which was a box-office flop.

Country star Willie Nelson believed the 1983 Academy Award-winning film Tender Mercies, about the life of fictional singer Mac Sledge, was based on the life of Merle Haggard. Actor Robert Duvall and other filmmakers denied this and claimed the character was based on nobody in particular. Duvall, however, said he was a big fan of Haggard.^[5]

"If We Make It Through December" turned out to be Haggard's last pop hit. Although he won a Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance for 1984's new kind of honky tonk, newer singers had begun to take over country music, and singers like George Strait and Randy Travis had taken over the charts. Haggard's last number one hit was "Twinkle, Twinkle Lucky Star" from his smash album Chill Factor in 1988.^{[citation needed]}

Influence[link]

Haggard's guitar playing and voice gives his country a hard-edged, blues-like style in many cuts. Although he has been outspoken in his dislike for modern country music, he has praised George Strait, Toby Keith and Alan Jackson. Keith has singled Haggard as a major influence on his career. The Youngbloods responded to "Okie from Muskogee" with "Hippie from Olema", in which, in one repetition of the chorus, they change the line "We still take in strangers if they're ragged" to "We still take in strangers if they're haggard". Nick Gravenites, of Big Brother and the Holding Company, paid Haggard a tongue-in-cheek tribute with the song, "I'll Change Your Flat Tire, Merle," later covered by other artists including Pure Prairie League. The Dixie Chicks paid tribute by recording Darrell Scott's song "Long Time Gone", which criticizes Nashville trends: "We listen to the radio to hear what's cookin’/But the music ain't got no soul/ Now they sound tired but they don’t sound Haggard," with the following lines mentioning Johnny Cash and Hank Williams in the same vein. Collin Raye paid him tribute with the song "My Kind Of Girl", when he sang "How 'bout some music/She said have you got any Merle/That's when I knew she was my kind of girl." In 2000, Jackson and Strait sang "Murder On Music Row," which criticizes mainstream country trends: "The Hag wouldn't have a chance on today's radio/Because they committed murder down on music row." In 2005, the country rock duo Brooks & Dunn sang "Just Another Neon Night" off their Hillbilly Deluxe album. In the song Ronnie Dunn said "He's got an Eastwood grin and a too early swagger/Hollerin' turn off that rap/And play me some Haggard". Brooks & Dunn also reference Haggard in 1993's "Rock My World (little country girl)" off their Hard Workin' Man Album as they sing "Acts like Madonna but she listens to Merle/Rock my world little country girl."

In 2005, Shooter Jennings mentioned him in the title track of his album Put the "O" Back in Country and later mentioned him in 2007 in his song "Concrete Cowboys." In 2006, Hank Williams III included Haggard as well as other country icons in the song "Country Heroes". Steve Goodman mentioned him, humorously but respectfully, in the song "You Never Even Called Me By My Name" (which he either co-wrote or didn't co-write with John Prine). George Jones recorded two albums with him. Lynyrd Skynyrd's song Railroad Song references Haggard, "Well I'm a ride this train Lord until I find out/What Jimmy Rodgers and the Hag was all about", Nuthin' Fancy Nuthin' Fancy.^{[citation needed]}

In 2006, Haggard was back on the charts in a duet with Gretchen Wilson, "Politically Uncorrect".^[6] He is also featured on "Pledge Allegiance to the Hag" on Eric Church's debut album.

Comeback[link]

Merle Haggard Drive, Oildale, California

In 2000, Haggard made a comeback of sorts, signing with the independent record label Anti and releasing the spare If I Could Only Fly to critical acclaim. He followed it in 2001 with Roots, vol. 1, a collection of Lefty Frizzell, Hank Williams, and Hank Thompson covers, along with three Haggard originals. The album, recorded in Haggard's living room with no overdubs, featured Haggard's longtime bandmates The Strangers as well as Frizzell's original lead guitarist, Norman Stephens. In December 2004, Haggard spoke at length on Larry King Live about his incarceration as a young man and said it was "hell" and "the scariest experience of my life".^{[citation needed]}

Haggard's number one hit single "Mama Tried" is featured in the 2003 film Radio with Cuba Gooding, Jr. and Ed Harris as well as in Bryan Bertino's "The Strangers" with Liv Tyler. In addition, his song "Swingin' Doors" can be heard in the 2004 film Crash and his 1981 hit "Big City" is heard in Joel and Ethan Coen's 1996 film "Fargo" and in the 2008 Larry Bishop film "Hell Ride", executive produced by Quentin Tarantino.^{[citation needed]}

In October 2005, Haggard released his album Chicago Wind to mostly positive reviews. The album contained an anti-Iraq war song titled "America First," in which he laments the nation's economy and faltering infrastructure, applauds its soldiers, and sings, "Let's get out of Iraq, and get back on track." This follows from his 2003 release "Haggard Like Never Before" in which he includes a song, "That's The News". Haggard released a bluegrass album, The Bluegrass Sessions, on October 2, 2007. In 2008, Haggard was going to perform at Riverfest in Little Rock, Arkansas, but the concert was canceled because he was ailing, and three other concerts were canceled as well; however, he was back on the road in June and successfully completed a tour that ended on October 19.^{[citation needed]}

In April 2010, Haggard released a new album, I Am What I Am.^[7] Released to strong reviews, Haggard performed the title song on The Tonight Show With Jay Leno in February 2011.^{[citation needed]}

Equipment[link]

Haggard has endorsed Fender guitars and has a Custom Artist signature model Telecaster. The guitar is a modified Telecaster Thinline with laminated top of figured maple, set neck with deep carved heel, birdseye maple fingerboard with 22 jumbo frets, ivoroid pickguard and binding, gold hardware, abalone Tuff Dog Tele peghead inlay, 2-Colour Sunburst finish and a pair of Fender Texas Special Tele single-coil pickups with custom-wired 4-way pickup switching. He also plays six string acoustic models. In 2001, C.F. Martin & Company introduced a limited edition Merle Haggard Signature Edition 000-28SMH acoustic guitar available with or without factory-installed electronics.^{[citation needed]}

Personal life[link]

Wives and children[link]

This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (March 2012)

Haggard was married five times, first to Leona Hobbs from 1956 to 1964. They had four children: Dana, Marty (b. June 18, 1958), Kelli, Noel (b. Sept. 4, 1963). They divorced and in 1965 he married singer Bonnie Owens; they divorced in 1978. Haggard married a third time in 1978 to Leona Williams and they were divorced in 1983. In 1985 Haggard married Debbie Parret, but they divorced in 1991. He married his current wife, Theresa Ann Lane, on September 11, 1993. They have two children, Jenessa and Ben.

Health[link]

Haggard said he had started smoking marijuana when he was 41 years old. He admitted that in 1983 he bought "$2,000 (worth) of cocaine" and partied for five days afterward, when he says he finally realized his condition and quit for good.^[8]

Haggard underwent angioplasty in 1995 to unblock clogged arteries. On November 9, 2008, it was announced that Haggard had been diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer in May of that year and underwent surgery on November 3, during which part of his lung was removed.^[9] Haggard returned home on November 8.^[10] Less than two months after his cancer surgery, Haggard played two shows on January 2 and 3, 2009, in Bakersfield at Buck Owens' Crystal Palace, and continues to tour and record.

Legacy[link]

On December 19, 2006, the Kern County Board of Supervisors approved a citizen-led resolution to rename a portion of 7th Standard Road in Oildale as Merle Haggard Drive, which will stretch from North Chester Avenue west to U.S. Route 99. The first street travelers will turn onto when they leave the new airport terminal will be Merle Haggard Drive.

In 2006, Haggard was honored as a BMI Icon at the 54th annual BMI Pop Awards. During his songwriting career, Haggard has earned 48 BMI Country Awards, nine BMI Pop Awards, a BMI R&B Award, and 16 BMI "Million-Air" awards, all from a catalog of songs that adds up to over 25 million performances.^[11]

Merle Haggard accepted the prestigious award for lifetime achievement and "outstanding contribution to American culture" from the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts on December 4, 2010.^[12] At a December 5, 2010 gala in Washington, D.C. he was honored with musical performances by Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, Sheryl Crow, Vince Gill, Jamey Johnson, Kid Rock, Miranda Lambert and Brad Paisley. This tribute was featured on the December 28, 2010 CBS telecast of the Kennedy Center Honors.^[13]

Discography[link]

38 number one hits[link]

1. I'm a Lonesome Fugitive (1966)
2. Branded Man (1967)
3. Sing Me Back Home (1968)
4. The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde (1968)
5. Mama Tried (1968)
6. Hungry Eyes (1969)
7. Workin' Man Blues (1969)
8. Okie from Muskogee (1969)
9. The Fightin' Side of Me (1970)
10. Daddy Frank (The Guitar Man) (1971)
11. Carolyn (1971)
12. Grandma Harp (1972)
13. It's Not Love (But It's Not Bad) (1972)
14. I Wonder If They Ever Think of Me (1972)
15. Everybody's Had the Blues (1973)
16. If We Make It Through December (1973)
17. Things Aren't Funny Anymore (1974)
18. Old Man from the Mountain (1974)
19. Kentucky Gambler (1974)
20. Always Wanting You (1975)
21. Movin' On (1975)
22. It's All in the Movies (1975)
23. The Roots of My Raising (1975)
24. Cherokee Maiden (1976)
25. Bar Room Buddies (with Clint Eastwood) (1980)
26. I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink (1980)
27. My Favorite Memory (1981)
28. Big City (1981)
29. Yesterday's Wine (with George Jones) (1982)
30. Going Where the Lonely Go (1982)
31. You Take Me for Granted (1982)
32. Pancho and Lefty (with Willie Nelson) (1983)
33. That's the Way Love Goes (1983)
34. Someday When Things Are Good (1984)
35. Let's Chase Each Other Around the Room (1984)
36. A Place to Fall Apart (with Janie Frickie) (1984)
37. Natural High (1985)
38. Twinkle, Twinkle Lucky Star (1987)

Awards[link]

Academy of Country Music

• 1965 Top New Male Vocalist
• 1965 Top Vocal Duo with Bonnie Owens
• 1966 Top Male Vocalist
• 1967 Top Vocal Duo with Bonnie Owens
• 1969 Album of the Year – "Okie from Muskogee"
• 1969 Single of the Year – "Okie from Muskogee"
• 1969 Top Vocal Duo – with Bonnie Owens
• 1970 Entertainer of the Year
• 1970 Top Male Vocalist
• 1972 Top Male Vocalist
• 1974 Top Male Vocalist
• 1981 Top Male Vocalist
• 1982 Song of the Year – "Are the Good Times Really Over (I Wish a Buck Was Still Silver)"

Country Music Association

• 1970 Album of the Year – "Okie from Muskogee"
• 1970 Entertainer of the Year
• 1970 Male Vocalist of the Year
• 1970 Single of the Year – "Okie from Muskogee"
• 1983 Vocal Duo of the Year – with Willie Nelson

Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum

• Inducted in 1994

Grammy Awards

• 1984 Best Country Vocal Performance, Male – "That's The Way Love Goes"
• 1998 Best Country Collaboration with Vocals with Clint Black, Joe Diffie, Emmylou Harris, Alison Krauss, Patty Loveless, Earl Scruggs, Ricky Skaggs, Marty Stuart, Pam Tillis, Randy Travis, Travis Tritt & Dwight Yoakam for "Same Old Train"
• 1999 Grammy Hall of Fame Award – "Mama Tried"

Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame

• Inducted in 1977

Kennedy Center Honors

• Inducted in 2010

Sources[link]

• Di Salvatore, Bryan. (1998). "Merle Haggard". In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 222–24
• Di Salvatore, Bryan. "Ornery", The New Yorker, February 12, 1990, pp. 39–77
• Fox, Aaron A. "White Trash Alchemies of the Abject Sublime: Country as 'Bad' Music", in Christopher J. Washburne and Maiken Derno (eds.), Bad Music: The Music We Love to Hate, New York: Routledge, 2004 (ISBN 0-415-94366-3)
• Haggard, Merle, with Tom Carter. My House of Memories: For the Record. New York: HarperEntertainment, 1999
• Haggard, Merle, and Peggy Russell. Sing Me Back Home. New York: Times Books, 1981

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Merle Haggard

• Official Site
• Photo timeline of his life from RollingStone.com
• Record Label
• at the Country Music Hall of Fame
• Merle Haggard at the Internet Movie Database

Henry (Hank) Mobley (July 7, 1930 – May 30, 1986) was an American hard bop and soul jazz tenor saxophonist and composer. Mobley was described by Leonard Feather as the "middleweight champion of the tenor saxophone", a metaphor used to describe his tone that was neither as aggressive as John Coltrane nor as mellow as Stan Getz. In addition, as his style was laid-back, subtle and melodic, especially in contrast with players like Sonny Rollins and Coltrane. The critic Stacia Proefrock claimed he is "one of the more underrated musicians of the bop era."^[1]

Biography[link]

Mobley was born in Eastman, Georgia, but was raised in Elizabeth, New Jersey, near Newark. When he was 16, an illness kept him in the house for several months. His uncle thought of buying a saxophone to help him occupy his time. It was then that Mobley began to play sax. He tried to enter a music school in Newark, but couldn't, since he was not a resident, so he kept studying through books at home. At 19, he started to play with local bands and, months later, worked for the first time with musicians like Dizzy Gillespie and Max Roach.^[2] He took part in one of the earliest hard bop sessions, alongside Art Blakey, Horace Silver, Doug Watkins and trumpeter Kenny Dorham. The results of these sessions were released as Horace Silver and the Jazz Messengers. They contrasted with the classical pretensions of cool jazz, with Mobley's rich lyricism being bluesier, alongside the funky approach of Horace Silver. When The Jazz Messengers split in 1956, Mobley continued on with pianist Horace Silver for a short time, although he did work again with Blakey some years later, when the drummer appeared on Mobley's albums in the early 1960s.

During the 1960s, he worked chiefly as a leader, recording over 20 albums for Blue Note Records between 1955 and 1970, including Soul Station (1960), generally considered to be his finest recording,^[3] and Roll Call (1960). He performed with many of the other important hard bop players, such as Grant Green, Freddie Hubbard, Sonny Clark, Wynton Kelly and Philly Joe Jones, and formed a particularly productive partnership with trumpeter Lee Morgan. Mobley is widely recognized as one of the great composers of originals in the hard-bop era, with interesting chord changes and room for soloists to stretch out.

Mobley spent a brief time in 1961 with Miles Davis, during the trumpeter's search for a replacement for John Coltrane. He is heard on the album Someday My Prince Will Come (alongside Coltrane, who returned for the recording of two tracks), and some live recordings (In Person: Live at the Blackhawk and At Carnegie Hall). Though considered by some as not having the improvisational fire of Coltrane, Mobley was known for his melodic playing.

Mobley was forced to retire in the mid-1970s due to lung problems. He worked two engagements at the Angry Squire in New York City November 22 and 23, 1985 and January 11, 1986 in a quartet with Duke Jordan and guest singer Lodi Carr a few months before his death from pneumonia in 1986.

Discography[link]

As leader[link]

As sideman[link]

with Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers

• At The Cafe Bohemia, Vol. 1 (1955) Blue Note
• At The Cafe Bohemia, Vol. 2 (1955) Blue Note
• The Jazz Messengers (1956) Columbia
• The Cool Voice Of Rita Reys (1956) Colombia
• At the Jazz Corner of the World (1959) Blue Note

with Kenny Burrell

• All Night Long (1956) Prestige
• K.B.'s Blues (1957) Blue Note

with Donald Byrd

• Byrd's Eye View (1955) Transition
• Byrd in Flight (1960) Blue Note
• A New Perspective (1963) Blue Note
• Mustang! (1966) Blue Note
• Blackjack (1967) Blue Note

with Sonny Clark

• Dial "S" for Sonny (1957) Blue Note
• My Conception (1959) Blue Note

with John Coltrane, Zoot Sims & Al Cohn

• Tenor Conclave (1956) Prestige

with Miles Davis

• Someday My Prince Will Come (1961) Columbia
• In Person Friday Night at the Blackhawk (1961) Columbia
• In Person Saturday Night at the Blackhawk (1961) Columbia
• Miles Davis at Carnegie Hall (1961) Columbia

with Kenny Dorham

• Afro-Cuban (1955) Blue Note
• Whistle Stop (1961) Blue Note

with Kenny Drew

• Undercurrent (1960) Blue Note

with Art Farmer

• Farmers Market (1957) Prestige

with Curtis Fuller

• The Opener (1957) Blue Note
• Sliding Easy (1959) United Artists

With Dizzy Gillespie

• Afro (Norgran, 1954)
• Dizzy and Strings (Norgran, 1954)
• Jazz Recital (Norgran, 1955)

with Grant Green

• I Want to Hold Your Hand (1965) Blue Note

with Johnny Griffin

• A Blowin' Session (1957) Blue Note

with Freddie Hubbard

• Goin' Up (1960) Blue Note
• Blue Spirits (1965) Blue Note

with Jay Jay Johnson

• The Eminent Jay Jay Johnson Volume 2 (1955) Blue Note

with Elvin Jones

• Together! (Atlantic, 1961) with Philly Joe Jones
• Midnight Walk (Atlantic, 1966)

with Lee Morgan

• Introducing Lee Morgan (1956) Savoy
• Lee Morgan Sextet (1957) Blue Note
• Cornbread (1965) Blue Note
• Charisma (1966) Blue Note
• The Rajah (1966) Blue Note

with Dizzy Reece

• Star Bright (1959) Blue Note

with Freddie Roach

• Good Move! (1963) Blue Note

with Max Roach

• The Max Roach Quartet Featuring Hank Mobley (1953) Debut Records
• Max Roach + 4 (1957) Emarcy
• Max Roach 4 Plays Charlie Parker (1957) Emarcy

with Archie Shepp

• Yasmina, a Black Woman (1969) BYG
• Poem for Malcolm (1969) BYG

with Horace Silver

• Horace Silver and the Jazz Messengers (1955) Blue Note
• Silver's Blue (1956)
• 6 Pieces of Silver (1956) Blue Note
• The Stylings of Silver (1957) Blue Note

with Jimmy Smith

• A Date with Jimmy Smith Volume One (1957) Blue Note
• A Date with Jimmy Smith Volume Two (1957) Blue Note

Bibliography[link]

• Derek Ansell, Workout: The Music of Hank Mobley. London: Northway Publications, 2008. ISBN 978-0-9550908-8-2

References[link]

External links[link]

• Sample: The Dip

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (July 2009)

Carolyn Carlson and Raghunath Manet performing

Carolyn Carlson (born 1943) is an American contemporary dance choreographer, performer, and poet. She is of Finnish descent.^[1]

She is the director of the Centre Chorégraphique National in Roubaix and of the Atelier de Paris at La Cartoucherie de Vincennes in Paris.

She was awarded the title of Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres of the French Republic.

Career[link]

She initially studied dance at the San Francisco School of Ballet and at Utah University. In 1965 she joined the Alwin Nikolaïs dance company in New York becoming an outstanding dancer of the company.^[2]

In 1968 she won the International Dance Festival in Paris as Best Dancer (Meilleur Danseur).^[3]

In 1971 she joined the Anne Béranger dance company and in 1972 she presented Rituel pour un rêve mort at the Avignon Festival. Successively she was invited to join the London School of Contemporary Dance as an instructor, performer and choreographer.

In 1974 she met Rolf Liebermann and was invited to join the Opéra de Paris as a choreographer.

In 1975 she directed the Groupe de Recherches Théâtrales (GRTOP). Creations of this period include Density 21,5 ; The Architects ; This, that and the other; Slow, heavy and blue. Beginning 1974 she taught her improvisation and composition techniques in masterclasses held at the rotonde of the Opéra.

In 1980 she was at the 'Teatro la Fenice' in Venice. Works of this period include Undici Onde; Underwood; Blue Lady.

In 1985 she was back in Paris where she performed at the 'Théâtre de la Ville' presenting Dark ; Still Waters and other works.

In 1991–1992 she was in Finland (Elokuu ; Syyskuu ; Maa). She also directed the Cullberg Ballet of Stockholm for two years (Sub Rosa).

She presented several solo choreographies such as Blue Lady (1984), Vu d’ici (1995). Other works include choreographies for dancers such as Nina Hyvärinen, Talia Paz, Marie-Claude Pietragalla, Tero Saarinen.

In 1998, she won the Prix Benois de la Danse as choreographer.

She was the director of the Dance sector of the Venice Biennale (Biennale Danza - Venice, Italy) from 1999 to 2002. Works there include Parabola (1999), Light Bringers (2000), J. Beuys Song (2001), Writings on water (2002). In Venice she opened the contemporary dance academy Accademia Isola Danza and created a festival.

She has performed in improvisations with artists such as Larrio Ekson, Jorma Uotinen, Malou Airaudo, and with musicians such as Michel Portal, John Surman, René Aubry, Joachim Kuhn, Trilok Gurtu.

She creates repertory pieces for Opéra de Paris (Signes), Opéra de Bordeaux (Hydrogen Jukebox).

Timeline[link]

• 1965–1971 – Leading figure in the Alwin Nikolais company
• 1974–1980 – Etoile-Chorégraphe at the Paris Opera Ballet (GRTOP)
• 1980–1984 – Artistic Director of the Teatro La Fenice, Venice
• 1985–1991 – Resident Artist at the Théâtre de la Ville, Paris
• 1991–1992 – Resident Artist at the Helsinki City Theater and the Finnish National Ballet
• 1994–1995 – Artistic Director of the Cullberg Ballet, Stockholm
• 1999–2002 – Artistic Director of the dance section of the Venice Biennale
• Since 1999 – Artistic director of the Atelier de Paris - Carolyn Carlson, Master classes centre
• Since 2004 – Artistic Director of the National Choreographic Centre of Roubaix Nord-Pas de Calais

References[link]

1. ^ Bill Marshall and Cristina Johnston 2005. France and the Americas: culture, politics, and history, a multidisciplinary encyclopedia. Volume 3. ABC-CLIO. Pages 213–214
2. ^ Atelier de Paris Carolyn Carlson ([1])
3. ^ The New York Times, December 3, 1968 (Article preview)

External links[link]

• Carolyn Carlson bibliography at UNESCO Office Venice
• Carolyn Carlson at the Atelier de Paris
• Carolyn Carlson at Biennale de la Dance 2008
• Carolyn Carlson at Federal Agency of Culture and Cinematography
• Carolyn Carlson at CCN Roubaix
• Carolyn Carlson at the Biennale Danza (in Italian)

Carolyn Hester (born January 28, 1937, Waco, Texas) is an American folk singer and songwriter. She was a figure in the early 1960s folk music revival.

Biography[link]

Carolyn Hester's first album was produced by Norman Petty in 1957. In 1960, she made her second album for the Tradition Records label run by the Clancy Brothers. She became known for "The House of the Rising Sun" and "She Moved Through the Fair".^[1]

Hester was one of many young Greenwich Village singers who rode the crest of the 1960s folk music wave, and appeared on the cover of the May 30, 1964 issue of the Saturday Evening Post. According to Don Heckman of the Los Angeles Times, Hester was "one of the originals—one of the small but determined gang of ragtag, early-'60s folk singers who cruised the coffee shops and campuses, from Harvard Yard to Bleecker Street, convinced that their music could help change the world." Hester was dubbed "The Texas Songbird," and was politically active, spearheading the controversial boycott of TV's Hootenanny when Pete Seeger was blacklisted from it.^[2]

After failing to convince Joan Baez to sign with Columbia Records, John H. Hammond signed Hester in 1960. The same year Hester met Richard Fariña and they married eighteen days later. They separated after less than two years.

In 1961, Hester met Bob Dylan and Hester invited him to play on her third album, her first on the Columbia label. Her producer, John H. Hammond, quickly signed Dylan to the label.^[1][3]

Hester remained relatively obscure throughout the folk revival. She turned down the opportunity to join a folk trio with Peter Yarrow and Paul Stookey and with Mary Travers the trio found stardom as Peter, Paul & Mary. Though she collaborated with Bill Lee and Bruce Langhorne, she stuck exclusively to traditional material. In the late 1960s, unable to succeed as a folk-rock artist, she explored psychedelic music as part of the Carolyn Hester Coalition before largely drifting out of the business.^[1]

Hester has disputed David Hajdu's depiction of her marriage to Fariña in his book Positively 4th Street: The Lives and Times of Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, Mimi Baez Fariña and Richard Fariña,, and of supposed exaggerations in his description of the relationships between Dylan, Baez, Hester, and the Fariñas. Hester denies that Farina was as close to Dylan as some rock historians claim, and strongly disputes that Fariña was in any way responsible for Dylan’s success, as Hajdu insinuated.^[2]

Hajdu also suggested that Hester had an ongoing rivalry with Baez and her sister Mimi. To this day, Hester maintains that she did not and does not know Baez well, and that they were never rivals, personally or professionally.^[2]

In 1969, Hester married jazz pianist/producer/songwriter David Blume, composer of The Cyrkle's 1966 Top 40 hit "Turn Down Day," and together they formed the Outpost label. They also started an ethnic dance club in Los Angeles, and in the 1980s she returned to recording and touring. She and Nancy Griffith performed Bob Dylan's "Boots of Spanish Leather" at Dylan's 30th Anniversary Tribute Concert at Madison Square Garden in 1992.^[1]

In 1997, Hester toured Germany for the first time. Her tour manager was Dirk Stursberg of M&K Management. As a friend she visited his home and bought a Teddy from his wife's company, the "Teddy Atelier Stursberg". A year later, Hester played in a festival in Denmark.

In 1999, Hester released a Tom Paxton tribute album. She appeared on A&E's Biography of Bob Dylan in August 2000. Blume died in the spring of 2006. Hester closed Cafe Danssa, the dance club, a year after her husband's death. She continues to perform and tour with her daughters Amy Blume and Karla Blume. They Recorded her latest album released in 2010, "We Dream Forever." ^[4]

Discography[link]

• Scarlet Ribbons (1957) (Coral, LP)
• Carolyn Hester (1960) (Tradition, LP)
• Carolyn Hester (1961) (Columbia, LP)
• This Life I'm Living (Columbia, LP)
• That's My Song (1964) (Dot, LP)
• Carolyn Hester at Town Hall, one (Dot, LP)
• Carolyn Hester at Town Hall, two (Dot, LP)
• The Carolyn Hester Coalition (Metromedia, LP)
• Magazine (Metromedia, LP)
• Music Medicine (Outpost, cassette)
• Warriors of the Rainbow (Outpost, LP & cassette)
• From These Hills (1999) (Road Goes On Forever, CD)
• A Tribute to Tom Paxton (2000) (Road goes On forever, CD)
• "We Dream Forever" (2009) (Crazy Creek Records, CD)

CD Reissues of Early Work:

• Carolyn Hester (1994) (Sony) CD reissue of Carolyn Hester on the Columbia label.
• Carolyn Hester at Town Hall (1994) (Bear Family) CD reissue of both Town Hall albums.
• Dear Companion (1995) (Bear Family) CD box set reissue of Carolyn Hester on Columbia, This Life I'm Living and That's My Song with outtakes and alternate recordings.
• Texas Songbird (1995) (Road Goes On Forever) CD reissue of Warriors of the Rainbow and Music Medicine.
• The Tradition Album (1995) (Road Goes On Forever) CD reissue of Carolyn Hester on the Tradition label with four new tracks.
• The Tradition Years (1996) (Empire Musicwerks) CD remaster of Carolyn Hester on the Tradition label.
• The Carolyn Hester Coalition (2008) (Phantom Sound & Vision) CD remaster of original Metromedia LP.
• Magazine (2008) (Phantom Sound & Vision) CD remaster of original Metromedia LP.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website