Tribes of Israel
The Tribes Reuben Simeon Levi Judah Dan Naphtali Gad Asher Issachar Zebulun Joseph Manasseh Ephraim Benjamin
Related topics Israelites Tribal allotments Ten Lost Tribes
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According to the Hebrew Bible, the Tribe of Issachar (Hebrew: יִשָּׂשׁכָר, Modern Yissakhar Tiberian Yiśśâḵār) was one of the Tribes of Israel.

Following the completion of the conquest of Canaan by the Israelite tribes after about 1200 BCE,^[1] Joshua allocated the land among the twelve tribes. The territory which it was allocated was immediately south of (the western half of) Manasseh, and south of Zebulun and Naphtali, stretching from the Jordan River in the east, to the coast in the west; this region included the fertile Esdraelon plain. (Joshua 19:17-23)

Origin[link]

According to the Torah, the tribe consisted of descendants of Issachar, the ninth son of Jacob, and a son of Leah, from whom it took its name; however some biblical scholars view this also as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the Israelite confederation.^[2] According to this biblical passage, the name Issachar refers to Leah hiring Jacob's sexual favours at the cost of some Mandrakes; this suggests the etymology is ish-sachar, literally meaning man of hire, though some Jewish sources take it instead to mean reward or recompense, in reference to Issachar being the result of Jacob being hired.

A number of people think that some of the Israelite tribes actually originated as part of the sea peoples.^[3] Issachar may be one of these, since in Egyptian accounts there is a tribe of sea peoples named Shekelesh; Shekelesh is here believed to be composed from shekel-ish, meaning men of the shekel, a meaning synonymous with Issachar's man of hire. The biblical passage in which Leah is described as Issachar's matriarch is one which is regarded by some textual scholars as having been spliced together from its sources in a manner which has highly corrupted the narrative; Leah as a matriarch is interpreted to suggest that the text's authors believed the tribe to be one of the original Israelite groups, and it is having a handmaiden - Bilhah or Zilpah - as a matriarch that would have indicated a foreign origin.^[2] In the ancient Song of Deborah, Issachar is closely associated with Naphtali, which itself does have a handmaiden as matriarch, and at one point the text appears to have been changed by the word Issachar being inserted instead of Naphtali^[4]

Character[link]

Traditionally, Issachar was seen as being dominated by religious scholars;^[5] there is said by some to be an allusion to this in the Book of Chronicles^[5] - ...from Issachar, men who understood the times, and knew what Israel ought to do...^[6] - and if this is indeed an allusion to the tradition, then it would imply that the tradition was in existence by the time that the Book of Chronicles was compiled. In the Midrash, it is said that Issachar were the most influential in proselytism,^[5] and that Jewish religious scholars were either from the tribe of Levi or that of Issachar.^[7] Additionally, the Midrash argues that Issachar's description in the Blessing of Jacob - Issachar is a strong ass lying down between the sheepfolds: and he saw that settled life was good, and the land was pleasant; he put his shoulder to the burden, and became a slave under forced labour^[8] - is a reference to the religious scholarship of the tribe of Issachar, rather than simply to a more literal interpretation of Issachar's name.^[5]

Since the tribe of Zebulun were traditionally seen as merchants and Issachar as religious teachers, Issachar and Zebulun were considered to have a symbiotic relationship, whereby Issachar would devote its time to the study and teaching of Torah, while Zebulun would provide the financial support, in exchange for a share of Issachar's spiritual reward .^[9] Such was the tradition of this symbiosis, that anyone engaged in such a partnership became termed Issachar and Zebulun respectively, even into modern times.

Fate[link]

As part of the Kingdom of Israel, the territory of Issachar was conquered by the Assyrians, and the tribe exiled; the manner of their exile lead to their further history being lost. There might be slight evidence that some Bukharian Jews could be descendants of this tribe because only these Jews carry 'Issachar' as a surname and these Jews have evidence of artifacts and scripts that shows how the Israelites were once there thousands of years ago.^[10]

See also[link]

• Issachar
• Tribe of Zebulun
• Sea Peoples

References[link]

Constructs such as ibid., loc. cit. and idem are discouraged by Wikipedia's style guide for footnotes, as they are easily broken. Please improve this article by replacing them with named references (quick guide), or an abbreviated title. (July 2010)

1. ^ Kitchen, Kenneth A. (2003), "On the Reliability of the Old Testament" (Grand Rapids, Michigan. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company)(ISBN 0-8028-4960-1)
2. ^ ^{a b} Peake's commentary on the Bible
3. ^ Yigael Yadin And Dan, Why Did He Remain in Ships
4. ^ ibid
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Jewish Encyclopedia
6. ^ 1 Chronicles 12:32
7. ^ Yoma 26a
8. ^ Genesis 49:14-15
9. ^ Dr. J.H. Hertz (former Chief Rabbi of Great Britain), commentary on Deuteronomy 33:18-19, in The Pentateuch and Haftorahs, J.H. Hertz, ed., second edition, London, Soncino Press, 1975
10. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muyPRu6qVMU&feature=related

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2009)

DJ Zinc
Birth name	Benjamin Pettit
Origin	United Kingdom
Genres	Drum and bass, breakstep, crack house
Years active	1993–present
Associated acts	Freestyles The Ganja Kru Hoodrats Hype & Zinc Pure Swift & Zinc
Website	djzinc.com

Benjamin Pettit,^[1] better known by his stage name DJ Zinc, is a drum and bass/breakstep DJ from the United Kingdom. Zinc is well known for 1995's "Super Sharp Shooter", a hip hop/jungle fusion.^[2]

Biography[link]

Zinc's career as a DJ and producer stretches the steady evolution of hardcore from its house and rave roots through ragga and hip hop styled hardstep and beyond.^[2]

He continued to DJ on a regular basis, and was one of the first drum and bass producers to score with the R&B slanted two step market courtesy of his 1999 single, "138 Trek".^[2]

His productions have been relatively popular outside the drum and bass scene, most notably in the breaks genre under the pseudonym Jammin. He reached #27 in the UK chart with "138 Trek" in Nov 2000.

Zinc produces and DJs as part of the Ganja Kru and True Playaz collectives, often in association with friend and mentor DJ Hype. He runs the Bingo Beats record label, which releases both drum and bass and breaks records. He has been known to release many records under the alias of Dope Skillz.

In 2001, Zinc released a remix compilation album of his own productions called Beats By Design. By August 2004, he released his second album, Faster, a concept album of sorts. The album, as the name suggests, ups the tempo little-by-little for each song. The title track and album opener, epitomises this and is a grimey crawl through bass and beat that speeds up from 40bpm into the early 100's by its end.^[3]

In 2007, Zinc turned his back on drum and bass, citing "disenchantment with the scene". He started producing again in 2008 with a fusion of deep house, funky house and fidget house, which he believed did not fit into any of these sub-genres. He later named his new sound "crack house".^[4]

In October 2009, DJ Zinc released Crack House EP encompassing his new sound of the crack house genre. A follow up to this EP, Crack House Vol. 2 was released in July 2010. In November 2009, DJ Zinc created a 2-hour mix for broadcasting on BBC Radio 1's Essential Mix.

Discography[link]

Singles[link]

• "138 Trek" (2000) - UK #27
• "Casino Royale" (DJ Zinc) / "Dead A's" (DJ Hype) (2001) - UK #58 †
• "Reachout" / "Pranksters" (2002) - UK #73
• "Fair Fight" / "As We Do" (2002) - UK #72
• "Ska" / "Fruitella" (2004) - UK #54
• "Steppin' Sones" / "South Pacific" (DJ Zinc) (2004) - UK #62
• "Drive By Car" (feat. Eksman) (2004) - UK #66 ‡
• "Creeper" (feat. Dynamite MC) (2005)
• "Ghost Train" (with Dave Spoon)(2009)
• "Wile Out" (feat. Ms. Dynamite) (2010) - UK #38
• "Juicy Fruit" (2012)

DJ Zinc Ft States Of Emotion - Goin in' (2012) † - credited as 'DJ Zinc / DJ Hype'

‡ - credited as 'DJ Zinc featuring Eksman'^[1]

Albums[link]

Compilation albums[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• DJ Zinc discography at Discogs
• DJ Zinc at rolldabeats