Albert Romolo Broccoli, CBE (Hon) (5 April 1909 – 27 June 1996), nicknamed "Cubby", was an American film producer, who made more than 40 motion pictures throughout his career, most of them in the United Kingdom, and often filmed at Pinewood Studios. Co-founder of Danjaq, LLC and Eon Productions, Broccoli is most notable as the producer of the James Bond films. He and Harry Saltzman saw the films from relatively low-budget origins to large-budget, high-grossing extravaganzas, and Broccoli's heirs continue to produce new Bond films.

Early life[link]

Broccoli was born into an Italian-American family on Long Island. The family moved to Florida, and on the death of his father Giovanni, Broccoli moved to live with his grandmother in Astoria, Queens in New York City. Having worked many jobs, including casket maker, Broccoli then became involved in the film industry. He started at the bottom, working as a gofer on Howard Hughes' The Outlaw (1941), which starred Jane Russell. Here he met his life-long friend Howard Hughes for the first time, while Hughes was overseeing the movie's production after director Howard Hawks was fired. Broccoli rose quickly to the level of Assistant Director by the time the U.S. entered World War II.

During his early period in Hollywood, Broccoli may have taken part in a bar room brawl which took the life of comedian Ted Healy. According to E. J. Fleming's book The Fixers, Broccoli, his cousin, gangster Pasquale 'Pat' DiCicco, and film star Wallace Beery fought with Healy and beat him to death. Fleming asserts that MGM executives Eddie Mannix and Howard Strickling, in an attempt to save the reputation of their star Beery, fabricated a story about college students attacking Healy, immediately followed by a four-month trip to Europe for Beery.^[1] Immigration records confirm a four-month trip to Europe on Beery's part immediately after Healy's death, ending April 17, 1938.^[2]

Broccoli joined the United States Navy following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and afterward worked several years as an agent at the Famous Artists Agency. He returned to production crew work again as an assistant director, a second unit director, then director and producer doing several films a year and continually working his way up the ladder while establishing many key personal contacts with Hollywood luminaries and movie moguls.

London subsidy and the origins of Bond[link]

At the beginning of the 1950s Broccoli moved once more, this time to London, where the British government provided subsidies to film productions made in the UK with British casts and crews. Together with Irving Allen, Broccoli formed Warwick Films that made a prolific and successful series of films for Columbia Pictures.

When Broccoli became interested in bringing Ian Fleming's James Bond character into features, he discovered that the rights already belonged to the Canadian producer Harry Saltzman, who had long wanted to break into film, and who had produced several stage plays and films with only modest success. When the two were introduced by a mutual friend, screenwriter Wolf Mankowitz, Saltzman refused to sell the rights but agreed to partner with Broccoli and co-produce the films, which led to the creation of the production company EON Productions and its parent (holding) company Danjaq, LLC, named after their two wives' first names—Dana and Jacquiline.

Saltzman and Broccoli produced the first Bond movie, Dr. No, in 1962. Their second, From Russia With Love, was a breakout success and from then on, the films grew in cost, action, and ambition. With larger casts, more difficult stunts and special effects, and a continued dependence on exotic locations, the franchise became essentially a full-time job. Broccoli made one notable attempt at a non-Bond film, an adaptation of Ian Fleming's Chitty Chitty Bang Bang in 1968, and due to legal wrangling over the rights to story elements, ceded producer credit on Thunderball to Kevin McClory. Nonetheless, by the mid-1960s Broccoli had put nearly all of his energies into the Bond series. Saltzman's interests continued to range apart from the series, including production of a loose trilogy of spy films based on Len Deighton's Harry Palmer, a character who operates in a parallel universe to Bond, with all the danger but none of the glamour and gadgets. Saltzman and Broccoli had differences over Saltzman's outside commitments, but in the end it was Saltzman who withdrew from Danjaq and EON after a series of financial mishaps. While Saltzman's departure brought the franchise a step closer to corporate control, Broccoli lost relatively little independence or prestige in the bargain. From then until his death, the racy credits sequence to every EON Bond film would begin with the words "Albert R. Broccoli Presents." Although from the 1970s onward the films became lighter in tone and looser in plot, at times less successful with critics, the series distinguished itself in production values and continued to appeal to audiences.

In 1966, Albert was in Japan with other producers scouting locations to film the next James Bond film You Only Live Twice. Albert had a ticket booked on BOAC Flight 911. He canceled his ticket on that day so he could see a ninja demonstration. Flight 911 crashed after clear air turbulence.

Family life[link]

Broccoli married three times. In 1940, at the age of 31, he married actress Gloria Blondell (the younger sister of Joan Blondell); they later divorced amicably in 1945 without having had children. In 1951, he married Nedra Clark, and the couple were told they had fertility problems and would never have children. They adopted a son, Tony Broccoli, after which Nedra became pregnant. She died in 1958, soon after giving birth to their daughter, Tina Broccoli. At the time of Nedra's illness, while nursing her in America, Albert Broccoli became convinced that Bond would make a good movie series, and set up a meeting between Ian Fleming and his partner in London.

In the very late 1950s, Broccoli married actress and novelist Dana Wilson (née Dana Natol). They had a daughter together, Barbara Broccoli, and Albert Broccoli became a mentor to Dana's teenage son, Michael G. Wilson. Broccoli insisted on keeping his family close to him when possible. Consequently the children grew up around the Bond film sets, and his wife's influence on various production decisions is alluded to in many informal accounts.

Michael Wilson made uncredited cameo appearances in Bond films from his teens onward, and in adulthood worked his way up through the production company to co-write and co-produce. Barbara Broccoli, in her turn, served in several capacities under her father's tutelage from the 1980s on. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli have co-produced the films since the elder Broccoli's death.

Dana Broccoli died of cancer in 2004, aged 82.

Later life and honors[link]

In 1981, he was honored with the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award for his work in film; the award was presented at the 1981 Academy Awards ceremony by the current James Bond at that time, Roger Moore in 1982. Broccoli also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (as Cubby Broccoli).

A thoroughbred horse racing enthusiast, Albert Broccoli owned Brocco, who won the 1993 Breeders' Cup Juvenile at Santa Anita Park at Arcadia, California.

An autobiography was published posthumously in 1999, entitled When the Snow Melts: The Autobiography of Cubby Broccoli (ISBN 978-0-7522-1162-6).

The end of Tomorrow Never Dies displays the dedication "In loving memory of Albert R. (Cubby) Broccoli".

Death[link]

Albert R. "Cubby" Broccoli died at his home in Beverly Hills in 1996 at the age of 87 of heart failure. He had undergone a triple heart bypass earlier that year. He was interred in Forest Lawn - Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles following a Roman Catholic^{[citation needed]} Mass of Christian Burial, attended by some of the James Bond movies' cast members, including Desmond Llewelyn, Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan and Maryam D'Abo.

Filmography[link]

Producer with Harry Saltzman[link]

• Dr. No (1962)
• Call Me Bwana (1963)
• From Russia with Love (1963)
• Goldfinger (1964)
• You Only Live Twice (1967)
• On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969)
• Diamonds are Forever (1971)
• Live and Let Die (1973)
• The Man with the Golden Gun (1974)

Executive producer with Harry Saltzman[link]

• Thunderball (1965) (produced by Kevin McClory)

Producer (solo)[link]

• Fire Down Below (1957)
• Jazz Boat (1960)
• Call Me Bwana (1963)
• Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968)
• The Spy Who Loved Me (1977)
• Moonraker (1979)
• For Your Eyes Only (1981)
• Octopussy (1983)

Producer with Michael G. Wilson[link]

• A View To A Kill (1985)
• The Living Daylights (1987)
• Licence to Kill (1989)

Consulting producer[link]

• GoldenEye (1995) (credited as presenter)

Cameo[link]

• Moonraker (1979) - Tourist in Venice with wife Dana Broccoli
• Fire Down Below (1957) - Drug smuggler

References[link]

External links[link]

Biography portal

• Albert R. Broccoli at the Internet Movie Database
• Albert R. Broccoli at the British Film Institute's Screenonline
• "Albert R. Broccoli". Find a Grave. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=1721. Retrieved September 3, 2010. 

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2012)

"The Man" is a slang phrase that may refer to the government or to some other authority in a position of power. In addition to this derogatory connotation, it may also serve as a term of respect and praise.

The phrase "the Man is keeping me down" is commonly used to describe oppression. The phrase "stick it to the Man" encourages resistance to authority, and essentially means "fight back" or "resist", either openly or via sabotage.^[1]

History[link]

The earliest recorded use^{[citation needed]} of the term "the Man" in the American sense dates back to a letter written by a young Alexander Hamilton in September 1772, when he was 15. In a letter to his father James Hamilton, published in the Royal Dutch-American Gazette, he described the response of the Dutch governor of St. Croix to a hurricane that raked that island on August 31, 1772. "Our General has issued several very salutary and humane regulations and both in his publick and private measures, has shewn himself the Man." ^{[2][dubious – discuss]} In the Southern U.S. states, the phrase came to be applied to any man or any group in a position of authority, or to authority in the abstract. From about the 1950s the phrase was also an underworld code word for police, the warden of a prison or other law enforcement or penal authorities.

It was also used as a term for a drug dealer in the 1950s and 1960s and can be seen in such media as Curtis Mayfield's "No Thing On Me", William Burroughs's novel Naked Lunch, and in the Velvet Underground song "I'm Waiting for the Man", in which Lou Reed sings about going to Uptown Manhattan, specifically Lexington Avenue and 125th Street, to buy heroin.

The use of this term was expanded to counterculture groups and their battles against authority, such as the Yippies, which, according to a May 19, 1969 article in U.S. News and World Report, had the "avowed aim ... to destroy 'The Man', their term for the present system of government". The term eventually found its way into humorous usage, such as in a December 1979 motorcycle ad from the magazine Easyriders which featured the tagline, "California residents: Add 6% sales tax for The Man."

In present day, the phrase has been popularized in commercials and cinema, featuring particularly prominently as a recurring motif in the 2003 film School of Rock.^[3][4][5][6]

Use as praise[link]

The term has also been used as an approbation or form of praise. This may refer to the recipient's status as the leader or authority within a particular context, or it might be assumed to be a shortened form of a phrase like "He is the man (who is in charge)." One example of this usage dates to 1879 when Otto von Bismarck commented, referring to Benjamin Disraeli's pre-eminent position at the Congress of Berlin, "The old Jew, he is the man."^{[7][dubious – discuss]}

In more modern usage, it can be a superlative compliment ("you da man!") indicating that the subject is currently standing out amongst his peers even though they have no special designation or rank, such as a basketball player who is performing better than the other players on the court. It can also be used as a genuine compliment with an implied, slightly exaggerated or sarcastic tone, usually indicating that the person has indeed impressed the speaker but by doing something relatively trivial.

See also[link]

• Absentee landlord
• Big Brother (Nineteen Eighty-Four)
• New World Order (conspiracy theory)
• Ruling class
• The Establishment
• Power elite
• Corrections officer
• YTMND

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Lighter, J.E. (Ed.). (1997). Random House Dictionary of American Slang. New York: Random House.

Sally Ann Howes (born 20 July 1930) is a British actress and singer, who currently holds dual British-American citizenship. Her career on stage, screen and television has spanned over six decades. She is best remembered for the role of Truly Scrumptious in the 1968 musical film, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang.

Biography[link]

Childhood film career[link]

Howes was born in St John's Wood, London, the daughter of British comedian/actor/singer/variety star Bobby Howes (1895–1972) and actress/singer Patricia Malone (1899–1971). She is the granddaughter of Capt. J.A.E. Malone (died 1928), London theatrical director of musicals, and she has an older brother, Peter Howes, a retired professional musician and music professor. Her great-grandfather, Joseph Malone, was awarded the Victoria Cross in 1854 during the Crimean War. Her uncle, Pat Malone, was an actor on stage, films, and television.

Howes moved to the family's country house in Essendon, Hertfordshire for the duration of World War II. She was a show-business baby who lived a quiet, orderly childhood where she grew up with a nanny and was surrounded by a variety of pets and her parents' theatrical peers, including actor/writer Jack Hulbert and his wife, actress Cicely Courtneidge, who had an adjoining house. Her first taste of the stage was school productions, but as she came from a theatrical family, it was inevitable that another family friend, an agent who was visiting the Howes family for dinner, became impressed with her and not long after suggested the young Sally Ann for a role in a movie. Two hundred young girls had already been screen tested without success, and the producers were desperate to find a talented little girl to play the lead, and they asked her father to please rush in some pictures on the recommendation of the agent. The movie, Thursday's Child, was written by playwright and screenwriter Rodney Ackland, also a close neighbor to the Howes family, and it would become Ackland's directorial debut. Thursday's Child (1943) launched her career. A second film, The Halfway House (1944), led to her being put under contract by Michael Balcon of Ealing Studios, and this was followed by many other film roles as a child actress including Dead of Night (1945) with Sir Michael Redgrave, Pink String and Sealing Wax (1946), Nicholas Nickleby (1947), My Sister and I (1948) and Anna Karenina (1948), with Vivien Leigh.

At age 18, the Rank Organisation put her under a seven-year contract, and she went on to make the films, Stop Press Girl (1949), The History of Mr. Polly (1949) with John Mills, Fools Rush In (1949), and Due mogli sono troppe (1950).

Musical theatre on the West End and Broadway[link]

Howes had begun taking singing lessons on the recommendation of a visiting teacher friend not only to bring out her natural talents but also in effort to lower her speaking voice which was quite high-pitched. While still in her teens, she made her first musical-comedy stage appearance in Fancy Free. In late 1950, she starred in a BBC TV version of Cinderella.

That same year, Howes accepted her first professional stage role in the Sandy Wilson musical, Caprice, forcing her to terminate her contract with Rank, with whom she'd been unhappy with the film roles and being on "loan out". She was finding gainful employment in television and radio, and she was looking to flex her singing talent, something that both Balcon and Rank had overlooked. Caprice was followed by Bet Your Life with Julie Wilson, Arthur Askey and Brian Reece. She was also simultaneously on the radio with Askey and Reece. In 1953, she starred on the West End in the musical Paint Your Wagon with her father, Bobby Howes. The show ran for 18 months. It was followed by Summer Song, also on the West End, firmly establishing her as a leading musical comedy star. This was followed by her critically acclaimed performance in the stage drama, A Hatful of Rain. In the early-to-mid-1950s, she also mixed her theatre with television appearances and even modelling, commercials and product endorsements.

She became a popular celebrity in England, even appearing as a comic-strip character in TV Fun serial comics and annuals, as a young, wholesome teacher in the wild American west at a time when Western TV shows were very popular. She appeared on the cover of many magazines, most notably Life (3 March 1958), when she was in the United States to take over from Julie Andrews in My Fair Lady on Broadway.

In late 1957, Howes was offered the part (for the third time) to enable Andrews to join the cast of the London production. She had turned it down twice before. The first offer had been to join the USA touring company of the musical, and the second time she declined the part was due to her film commitment for Admirable Crichton (1957). With the persistence of Lerner and Loewe, however, she accepted the third time, for a year's contract, but at a higher salary than Julie Andrews. She became an instant hit as a very fiery Eliza Doolittle.

In January 1958, Howes married Tony-winning composer Richard Adler (The Pajama Game, Damn Yankees) . The following December, she appeared on television in Adler's musical adaptation (which was written for her) of O.Henry's short story, The Gift of the Magi. Adler and Bob Merrill collaborated on a musical version of W. Somerset Maugham's Of Human Bondage so that Howes could play Mildred.

She appeared on many TV shows including those of Perry Como, Dinah Shore and Jack Paar in 1962, The Tonight Show, plus appearing in The Bell Telephone Hour, The Kraft Music Hall, The United States Steel Hour. She appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show four times.

When her one-year contract in My Fair Lady was over, she returned to England to tape six one-hour variety shows The Sally Ann Howes Show for the British commercial television network. She was also personally requested to sing for three U.S. presidents (Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson). She became a frequent guest panellist on game shows and was known for her quick, spontaneous answers.

She returned to Broadway in 1961 in the short run of Kwamina, another Adler musical which was written for her. She starred opposite Terry Carter, Brock Peters, and Robert Guillaume. The musical centred on an interracial love story and was too controversial in a time when civil rights were hotly contested. The show has not had a Broadway revival since. Coincidentally, her father, Bobby Howes, was also on Broadway that year with a short revival of Finian's Rainbow, and a cast album exists of that show as well.

In 1962, she starred in a short revival of the musical Brigadoon at the New York City Opera and received a Tony nomination, the first performer to be nominated for a revival performance. She recreated the role in a private White House performance at the express invitation of President and Mrs. Kennedy. In 1964 she starred on Broadway opposite Robert Alda and Steve Lawrence in the energetic What Makes Sammy Run?, which lasted for over 500 performances.

She returned to familiar territory on TV in 1966 with Brigadoon opposite Robert Goulet, Peter Falk and some of her Broadway cast, it won six Emmy Awards.

[edit] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang

In 1967, she began the long film shoot for what would become a popular children's film, as Truly Scrumptious, the beautiful, aristocratic daughter of a confectionery magnate in the movie Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968).

Chitty Chitty Bang Bang did not, however, restart her film career or launch a career for her in episodic television despite several guest-starring roles in Mission: Impossible, Marcus Welby, M.D., and Branigan and The Men From Shiloh. Even the pilot Prudence and the Chief, which was a spoof on The King and I, did not get picked up as a TV series. In addition, musicals were now failing at the box office and that venue was closed to her. As a result, she returned almost exclusively to the musical stage, appearing in only a few more films/TV productions.

Later theatrical career[link]

In the 1970s, she toured Britain with The King and I and later the USA with The Sound of Music. After her debut with the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera in 1972 with The Sound of Music she returned to England to star in the stage drama, Lover, which was written specifically for her.

In the 1970s and 1980s, she began to cross over from standard musicals to operettas. She performed two summers with the Kenley Players in Blossom Time and The Great Waltz, and she later added Franz Lehár's The Merry Widow and then two seasons of Stephen Sondheim's A Little Night Music at the New York City Opera. She also added the role of Gertrude from Hamlet to her repertoire.

In 1990, she debuted her one-woman show, From This Moment On at the Edinburgh Festival and at a benefit for the Long Island AIDS Association at the John Drew Theatre in Easthampton, New York. Her last film was the 1992 miniseries Judith Krantz's Secrets. That marked her 50th year in film.

Recent projects include her narrations of Cubby Broccoli, The Man Behind Bond on 2000 year release of the DVD Diamonds Are Forever, The Making of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang The Musical (2002), and her appearance in the documentary, After They Were Famous - Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (2004).

Except for occasional lectures, charity functions and some Broadway openings, she is semi-retired, although she still hosts events or performs two or three times per year. Over the period September 2007 to January 2008, she toured the USA in the Cameron Mackintosh production of My Fair Lady, appearing as Mrs. Higgins. When she is not performing, she is an Artistic Advisor for the Palm Beach Theater Guild, a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving the Royal Poinciana Playhouse in Palm Beach, Florida.

Personal life[link]

Howes adopted Richard Adler's two sons, Andrew and Christopher (died 1984) after the death of his first wife (1964).

She has been married to Douglas Rae since the early 1970s.

Performances[link]

Filmography[link]

• Thursday's Child (1943) - "Fennis Wilson"
• The Halfway House (1944) - "Joanna French"
• Dead of Night (1945) - "Sally O'Hara" (segment Christmas Party)
• Pink String and Sealing Wax (1945) - "Peggy Sutton"
• Nicholas Nickleby (1947) - "Kate Nickleby"
• Anna Karenina (1948) - "Kitty Scherbatsky"
• My Sister and I (1948) - "Robina Adams"
• Fools Rush In (1949) "Pamela Dickson"
• The History of Mr. Polly (1949) - "Cristabel"
• Stop Press Girl (1949) - "Jennifer Peters"
• Due mogli sono troppe (1950) - aka Honeymoon Deferred (UK) - "Katherine Fry"
• The Admirable Crichton (1957) aka Paradise Lagoon (USA Title) - "Lady Mary"
• Brigadoon (1966) "Fiona MacLaren"
• Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) - "Truly Scrumptious"
• Death Ship - "Margaret Marshall" (1980)
• Broadway: The Golden Age, by the Legends Who Were There (2003) (documentary)

Theatre[link]

• Caprice (Joan) - stage debut in Glasgow - written by Sandy Wilson
• Bet Your Life (Jane) - at the London Hippodrome, with Julie Wilson, Arthur Askey and Brian Reece - 1952
• Paint Your Wagon (Jennifer Rumson) at Her Majesty's Theatre, Haymarket – with father Bobby Howes - production ran for 477 performances over 18 months starting February 1953.
• Babes in the Wood (Robin Hood) - British pantomime - Golders Green Hippodrome - with Arthur Askey, holiday season 1954
• Romance In Candlelight (Margaret) - at Piccadilly - 1955 - 53 performances
• Summer Song (Karolka) - Princes Theatre, Shaftesbury Ave, W.C.2 148 performances - directed by Charles Hickman - opened February 1956. Premiered at the Opera House Manchester on 21 December 1955 before moving to the Princes Theatre on London's West End.
• A Hatful of Rain (Celia Pope) - Princes Theatre, Shaftesbury Ave, W.C.2 - directed by Sam Wanamaker - 1956
• My Fair Lady (Eliza Doolittle) - Mark Hellinger Theater, Broadway - took over for Julie Andrews in February 1958 for one year.
• Kwamina (Eve Jordan)- 54th St. Theatre, 32 shows - October 23 - November 18, 1961
• Brigadoon (Fiona McLaren) - at New York City Center Light Opera Company - 1962
• Brigadoon (Fiona McLaren) (Tony Award Nomination) - at New York City Center Light Opera Company - January 28 - February 10, 1963
• Brigadoon (Fiona McLaren) - Carter Barron Amphitheater, Washington, D.C. - June 24 thru 30th, 1963
• What Makes Sammy Run? (Kit Sargent) - 54th St. Theatre, 540 performances - February 24, 1964 - June 12, 1965
• My Fair Lady - (Eliza Doolittle) - Melody Top Theatre, Chicago - July 1964
• My Fair Lady - (Eliza Doolittle) - Melody Top Theatre, Chicago - July 1965
• Camelot (Guenevere) - St. Louis Municipal Opera (aka The Muny) - summer 1969
• My Fair Lady (Eliza Doolittle) - Kenley Players - Florida theater - December 23, 1969 - January 4, 1970
• Blossom Time (Mitzi Kranz) - Morris Mechanic Theatre, Baltimore. Also starred Earl Wrightson and Lois Hunt - 1970
• Blossom Time (Mitzi Kranz) - Kenley Players, Memorial Hall in Dayton, Ohio - (one week) - August 1970.
• The Sound of Music (Maria) - Kenley Players - 1970 or 1971
• The Great Waltz (Resi) - Kenley Players, Packard Music Hall, Warren, Ohio - August 1971
• The Sound of Music (Maria) - The Los Angeles Civic Light Opera - 1972
• The Sound of Music (Maria) - San Francisco Light Opera Association - 1972
• Lover (Suzy Martin) - with Jeremy Hawk, Derren Nesbitt and Max Wall - Theatre Royal, Brighton - week of February 11–17, 1973 - thriller
• The King and I (Anna Leonowens) - British tour. Also starred Peter Wyngarde - 1973.
• Man and Superman (Ann Whitefield) - with Denis Quilley - 1973
• The King & I (Anna Leonowens)- the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion - with Ricardo Montalban - April 1974.
• I Do! I Do! - Cherry County Playhouse, Traverse City, MI. - August 18, 1976
• Goodbye Charlie - 1976?
• Robert and Elizabeth (Elizabeth) - Yvonne Arnaud Theatre in Guildford - also starred Jeremy Brett - December 22, 1976 - January 29, 1977.
• Robert and Elizabeth (Elizabeth) - O'Keefe Center, Toronto - March 1977
• Hans Anderson (Jenny Lind) - with Tommy Steele. 10 week run at the London Palladium - December 17, 1977 - February 28, 1978.
• The Sound of Music (Maria) - 1978 USA touring company
• Hamlet (Queen Gertrude) - New Shakespeare Company, Gardner Centre Theatre, Brighton, UK. Opened 9 May 1983.
• The Merry Widow - with Barry Clark - 1986
• Noël Coward's Semi-Monde - Royalty Theatre, London - September 13, 1989
• A Little Night Music (Desiree) - New York City Opera, Lincoln Center - November 7, 1990
• From This Moment On - one woman show - 1990.
• A Little Night Music (Desiree) - New York City Opera, Lincoln Center - 1992
• Cinderella (Fairy Godmother) - New York City Opera, Lincoln Center, November 9–21, 1993
• Cinderella (Fairy Godmother) - New York City Opera, Lincoln Center, November 15, 1995 - with Jane Powell and Jean Stapleton
• Where's Charley? (Charley's Aunt) - August 13–16, 1998
• James Joyce's The Dead world premier (Aunt Julia) - December 14, 1999 - April 16, 2000
• Dear World (Countess Aurelia) - November 16-December 10, 2000
• My Fair Lady (Mrs. Higgins) - USA touring company - September 12, 2007 - January 20, 2008.

Television movies, miniseries, series, musicals and specials[link]

Early TV appearances included a guest appearance in "Cafe Continental" with her father when they faced the camera together for the first time. Other appearances included "Kaleidoscope, and her own Sunday night series called "Short and Sweet" with Harry Jacobson at the piano. She appeared in the 1951 Festival of Musical Production, which was written for her and entitled "The Golden Year."

• Cinderella (1950) (TV - BBC) - December 26, 1950
• "Hallmark Hall of Fame" playing "Della Young" in episode: "The Gift of the Magi" 9 December 1958
• The Sally Ann Howes Show (6 variety shows - UK) 1960
• The Fifth Column (1960)
• Jane Eyre (1961)
• "Play of The Week" in episode: "After Hours" - 1961 with Christopher Plummer
• "Play of the Week" in episode: "The Old Foolishness" (episode # 2.24) 6 March 1961
• The Sally Ann Howes Special – A General Motors Special, A CBS Special for the opening of Lincoln Center – September 23, 1962
• Brigadoon (1966) ABC-TV (musical)
• Prudence and the Chief (1970) (TV pilot)
• The Hound of the Baskervilles (1972)
• Female Artillery (1973)
• "Great Performances" playing "Herself" in "An Evening with Alan Jay Lerner" (episode # 18.5), October 23 & 24 November 1989
• Judith Krantz's "Secrets" (1992) (miniseries)
• "After They Were Famous" playing "Herself" in episode: "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang" 24 December 2004

Television guest appearances[link]

• "Cafe Continental" - variety show 1947-1953. Appeared with her father as a guest star.
• "Saturday Spectacular" / "Startime" - variety show broadcast from Prince of Wales Theatre - 1950s?
• "Have You A Camera?" playing "Herself" with Royal photographer, Baron - mid-1950s.
• "Toast of the Town" playing "Herself" (episode # 11.20) 9 February 1958, (episode # 17.37) 21 June 1964, (episode # 19.12) 28 November 1965, (episode # 20.23) 12 February 1967
• "Sunday Night at the London Palladium" - March 1959
• "The Perry Como Show" - 17 May 1958, 15 November 1958, 3 June 1959
• "The Bell Telephone Hour" in episode: "A Night of Music" 9 October 1959, "Holiday in Music" 30 September 1960, "Music hath Charms" 20 January 1961, "A Measure of Music" 19 January 1962
• "Dinah Shore Show" playing "Herself" - 1961
• "The United States Steel Hour" in episode: "The Leonardi Code" (episode # 8.19) 17 May 1961
• "To Tell the Truth" - various appearances 1962-1965, Daytime and nighttime versions
• "Password" - various appearances 1962-1965, Daytime version
• "The Match Game" - various appearances 1963-1964, Daytime version
• "I've Got a Secret" playing "Guest Panelist" 24 June 1963
• "The Merv Griffin Show" - 1963 or 1964
• "You Don't Say!" (gameshow) - 1963, 1964 or 1965
• "The Price Is Right" - (with host Bill Cullen) - "Guest Star" - 1963 or 1964
• "The Miss U.S.A. Pageant" (hostess) - 4 June 1965
• "The Miss Universe Beauty Pageant" (hostess) - 24 July 1965
• "Fanfare" playing "Herself" 28 August 1965
• "Bob Hope presents the Chrysler Theatre" playing "Allison Lang" in episode: "The Enemy on the Beach" (episode # 3.10) 5 January 1966
• "Run for Your Life" playing "Rhona" in episode: "The Savage Machines" (episode # 1.29) 2 May 1966
• "The Dean Martin Show" playing "Herself" 6 April 1967
• "Everybody's Talking" playing "Guest Panelist" 22–26 May 1967
• "What's My Line?" playing - various appearances 1968-1970, Daytime version
• "The Hollywood Palace" playing "Herself" 5 April 1969
• "This Is Tom Jones" playing "Herself" 22 May 1969
• "Mission: Impossible" playing "Beth" in episode: "Fool's Gold" (episode # 4.5) 26 October 1969
• "It Takes Two" - "Guest Panelist" - 25 May 1970
• "The Hollywood Squares" - "Guest Panelist" - 23–27 November 1970
• "Bracken's World" playing "Isabel Blue" in episode: "Miss Isabel Blue" (episode # 2.15) 25 December 1970
• "The Virginian" playing "Martha Clayton" in episode: "Tate, Ramrod" (episode # 9.20) 24 February 1971
• "The Virginia Graham Show" - guest appearance approx. 1971
• "Marcus Welby, M.D." in episode: "The Day After Forever" (episode # 4.23) 27 February 1973
• "The Rosie O'Donnell Show" playing "Herself" 19 October 1998
• "Theatre Talk" - regarding "James Joyce's The Dead" - 20 January 2000

Radio[link]

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, she appeared on many radio programmes including: "Ignorance is Bliss," "Geraldo's Open House," "Taxi" with Jerry Verno, "Desert Island Discs," "Talk Yourself Out of This," and she appeared twice on the "Calling All Forces" show.

• "Arthur's Inn" - radio variety program with Arthur Askey & Brian Reece - June 1952
• Marle Becker's "Out-FM" show, heard on WBAI-FM (99.5) (or on the internet at http://www.outfm.org/) from 6:30 to 7:30 pm. - October 1, 2000

Other live performances[link]

• Royal Variety Performance - at the Victoria Palace Theatre - October 29, 1951
• London Palladium "Midnight Cavalcade 1954" - A Gala Night of World-Famous Stars in aid of The Actors' Orphanage, the Charitable Funds of the Grand Order of Water Rats & the J.N.F. Charitable Trust - Thursday, March 18, 1954
• London Palladium "Night of 100 Stars" - A Midnight Revue in aid of The Actors' Orphanage - Thursday, June 23, 1955
• Grand opening of the Heinz Hall in Pittsburgh, PA - September 21, 1971
• "Golden Gala" - London Palladium - A musical spectacular from the London Palladium to mark the 50th anniversary of Equal Voting Rights For Women. Princess Margaret was the guest of honour. July 2, 1978
• "Cinderella's Star Night" - Charity gala at the Prince Edward Theatre, January 31, 1982.
• "A Royal Night Of One Hundred Stars" - one night performance at the NT Olivier Theatre - in aid of the "Save the Children Fund." March 17, 1985 (Sunday 8:00 P.M.)
• Memorial service for Alan J. Lerner - was a speaker/singer at St. Paul's Church, Covent Garden - September 1, 1986
• A Celebration Of Shakespeare “Hamlet Travestie” - Action Against Aids, at The Sadlers Wells Theatre - Howes sang "So In Love" from "Kiss Me Kate" - April 12, 1987
• "An Evening With Alan Jay Lerner" - The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. (Recorded Live - recordings available). - June 7, 1987 (Sunday)
• "An Evening With Alan Jay Lerner" - The Opera House Manchester - March 27, 1988
• Being Alive - A Celebration Of The Genius Of Stephen Sondheim - at the Drury Lane Theatre, on 4 June 1989, 7:00pm
• “Let’s Do it” – all star celebration of Noël Coward/Cole Porter – 1 night event at Barbican Centre Concert Hall - October 19, 1989
• "Kids at Heart" - at the London Palladium - a fundraising evening for Medical Aid for Free Romania. - January 20, 1991
• "A Glamorous Night With Evelyn Laye And Friends" - one-night gala at the London Palladium - Sunday, July 26, 1992
• "A Time To Start Living" - A Celebration of the great Elizabeth Welch - The Shaftsbury Lyric Theatre - A World Aid’s Day Gala, a fundraising event for Crusaid - December 6, 1992
• "Jack in Review" - charity gala concert in tribute to Jack Tinker, the theatre critic with the Daily News newspaper. London Palladium, London. Friday, 28 February 1997, 2:30 P.M. Howes sang "Alice Blue Gown."
• Cabaret at the Algonquin Hotel's Oak Room in New York City - late 1990s - the cabaret may have been the inspiration for her album "Mary Lea, Songs My Sister Loved and Sang."
• "A Cultural Affair" - New York Pops Gala, A Cultural Affair honors New York City Commissioners of Cultural Affairs Schuyler Chapin - May 15, 2000
• Broadway Honors BMI Composer Lehman Engel - Merkin Concert Hall - hosted by Sally Ann Howes. April 2, 2001
• The 12th Annual New York Cabaret Convention - "A Nightengale Sang in Berkeley Square" - October 24, 2001 - was booked for but cancelled due to the events of 9/11.
• Lansing Town Hall Celebrity Lecture Series - guest lecturer in "The Best of Broadway" - Lansing, Michigan - Monday, May 20, 2002
• Age Cannot Wither - Rosemary Harris, Sally Ann Howes and Hayley Mills appeared in A Benefit for Shakespeare Globe Centre USA called "Coward X2"- presented at University Club, 1 West 54th Street, in New York City. - March 17, 2003 (Monday)
• Townhall Celebrity Lecture Series, 11:30am, Michigan League Ballroom (University of Michigan) - guest lecturer in "The Best of Broadway" - Wednesday, October 15, 2003
• Port Huron Town Hall - guest lecturer in "The Best of Broadway" - Monday, December 8, 2003
• The 16th Annual New York Cabaret Convention - Mabel Mercer Foundation - "Music From the Movies" - October 20, 2005
• 23rd Annual S.T.A.G.E. event - Side by Side by Side by Side by Sondheim - March 10 & 11, 2007, Wilshire Theatre, Los Angeles.

Discography[link]

She has several Broadway, West End, TV and Film cast albums available including:

• Bet Your Life (1952)
• Paint Your Wagon (1953)
• Romance in Candelight (1955) - Original 78 recorded 15 October 1955 in London.
• Summer Song (1956)
• Gift of the Magi (1958)
• Kwamina (1961)
• What Makes Sammy Run? (1964)
• Brigadoon (1966)
• Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968)
• Hans Andersen (1977)
• I Remember Mama (1985)
• Great Expectations (1995)

She can also be found on the albums The Best of the Telephone Hour, Cole Porter: A Remembrance (1965), An Evening With Alan Jay Lerner (1987), and the three Christmas songs she recorded, Toyland, It Came Upon A Midnight Clear, and O Little Town of Bethlehem can be found reissued each year on various compilation Christmas albums. The last known recording she made was a gift album for a party for a friend, called Mary Lea, Songs My Sister Loved & Sang (1998) for which she holds the production rights and copyright.

Product endorsements and modeling[link]

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Sally Ann Howes lent her face to many products, of which a few are mentioned here:

• Blend-rite Hair Clips (late 1940s)
• BritviC Gold Pure Juice Cocktail (1953) — a photo of Sally Ann Howes, and mentions she starred in the new Jack Hylton musical "Paint Your Wagon".

She did some modeling in the 1950s and early 1960s, and can be found in the following publications:

• Weldons Knitting Booklet #319 (approx. 1953) — a photo of Sally Ann Howes modeling a jersey, and mentions she starred in the new Jack Hylton musical "Paint Your Wagon".
• TV Guide — October 13–19, 1962 — "Sally Ann Howes With Fall Fashions" pp. 22–24

Further reading[link]

The following publications feature portions about her career and life. For magazine articles and covers, see her biography on the Internet Movie Database: Sally Ann Howes at the Internet Movie Database.

• Adler, Richard, You Gotta Have Heart .
• McGovern, Dennis; Winer, Deborah Grace (1993), Sing Out Louise!, Schirmer Books .
• Kleiner, Dick (1970), ESP and The Stars, Grosset & Dunlap .

References[link]

External links[link]

• Sally Ann Howes: Save the Royal Poinciana Theater, PB Theather Guild, http://www.pbtheaterguild.org/sally.asp , Royal Poinciana Playhouse video promo
• Sally Ann Howes at the Internet Movie Database
• Sally Ann Howes at the Internet Broadway Database
• A 'Cinderella' That Fills a Larger Space, New York Times, November 11, 1995, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C05E6D71439F932A25752C1A963958260 .

Daniel Craig
Craig at Quantum of Solace premiere in New York, on 11 November 2008
Born	Daniel Wroughton Craig (1968-03-02) 2 March 1968 (age 44)[1] Chester, Cheshire, England
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1992–present
Spouse	Fiona Loudon (m. 1992–94, divorced) Rachel Weisz (m. 2011)
Children	Ella Craig

Daniel Wroughton Craig^[2] (born 2 March 1968) is an English actor best known for playing British secret agent James Bond in a 2006 reboot of the film series and its sequels.

Craig is an alumnus of the National Youth Theatre and graduated from the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London and began his career on stage. His early on screen appearances were in the films Elizabeth, The Power of One and A Kid in King Arthur's Court, and on Sharpe's Eagle and Zorro in television. His appearances in the British films Love Is the Devil, The Trench and Some Voices attracted the industry's attention, leading to roles in bigger productions such as Lara Croft: Tomb Raider, Road to Perdition, Layer Cake and Munich.

Craig achieved international fame when chosen as the sixth actor to play the role of Bond, replacing Pierce Brosnan. His debut in Casino Royale was highly acclaimed and earnt him a BAFTA award nomination, with the film becoming the highest grossing in the series to date. Quantum of Solace followed two years later, with the third film Skyfall set for release in 2012, having been delayed due to MGM's financial troubles.^[3]

Craig is married to actress Rachel Weisz, his second wife. He has a daughter Ella by his first wife, Fiona Loudon. In 2006 he joined the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Since taking the role of Bond, Craig has continued to appear in other films, most recently starring in the English language adaptation of The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo.

Early life[link]

Craig was born in Chester, Cheshire, England.^[4] His mother, Carol Olivia (née Williams), was an art teacher, and his father, Timothy John Wroughton Craig, was the landlord of the pubs "Ring o' Bells" (in Frodsham) and the "Boot Inn" (Willington, Tarporley), and also served as a midshipman in the Merchant Navy.^[5][6][7] Both of Craig's parents were of half-Welsh descent.^[8] He was brought up on the Wirral Peninsula,^[9] and attended a primary school in Frodsham and Hoylake called Holy Trinity Primary School. He attended Hilbre High School in later years.^[10] He began acting in school plays at age six.

Craig moved to London when he was sixteen to join the National Youth Theatre after a stay at Calday.^[7] He and his older sister, Lea, attended Hilbre High School and Calday Grange Grammar School in West Kirby. He played for Hoylake RFC Rugby Union Club.^[11] He attended the Guildhall School of Music and Drama at the Barbican and graduated in 1991 after three years of study under Colin McCormack.

Career[link]

Overview[link]

Craig appeared as Joe in the Royal National Theatre's production of Tony Kushner's Angels in America in November 1993. Also in 1993, Craig appeared in an episode of Yorkshire Television's Heartbeat, which aired on 31 October 1993.^[12] An early starring role was as 'Geordie' in the BBC's 1996 drama Our Friends in the North, with early film roles being as Angelina Jolie's rival and love interest in Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001), before appearing in Sam Mendes's movie Road to Perdition (2002), with Tom Hanks and Paul Newman. Other leading film roles include Sword of Honour (2001), The Mother (2003) with Anne Reid, Sylvia (2003) with Gwyneth Paltrow, Layer Cake (2004) with Sienna Miller, Enduring Love (2004) with Rhys Ifans, Steven Spielberg's Munich (2005) with Eric Bana, Infamous and Casino Royale (2006), The Golden Compass (2007), Quantum of Solace, Defiance (2008), and Cowboys & Aliens (2011).

James Bond: 2005–present[link]

In 2005, Craig was contracted by EON Productions to portray James Bond. He stated that he "was aware of the challenges" of the James Bond franchise which he considers "a big machine" that "makes a lot of money". He aimed at bringing more "emotional depth" to the character.^[13] Being born in 1968, Craig is the first actor to portray James Bond to have been born after the Bond series already started, and Ian Fleming, the novels' writer, had died.

Significant controversy followed the decision, as it was doubted if the producers had made the right choice. Throughout the entire production period Internet campaigns expressed their dissatisfaction and threatened to boycott the film in protest.^[14] Craig, unlike previous actors, was not considered by the protesters to fit the tall, dark, handsome image of Bond to which viewers had been accustomed.^[15] The Daily Mirror ran a front page news story critical of Craig, with the headline, "The Name's Bland – James Bland."^[16] Although the choice of Craig was controversial, numerous actors publicly voiced their support, most notably, four of the five actors who had previously portrayed Bond – Pierce Brosnan,^[17] Timothy Dalton, Sean Connery and Roger Moore – called his casting a good decision. Clive Owen, who had been linked to the role, also spoke in defence of Craig.^[18]

Craig at the Orange British Academy Film Awards in London's Royal Opera House, 11 February 2007.

The first film, Casino Royale, premièred on 14 November 2006 and grossed a total of US$594,239,066 worldwide, which makes the film the highest grossing Bond film to date.^[19] After the film was released, Craig's performance was highly acclaimed.^[20] As production of Casino Royale reached its conclusion, producers Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli announced that pre-production work had already begun on the 22nd Bond film. After several months of speculation as to the release date, Wilson and Broccoli officially announced on 20 July 2006 that the follow-up film, Quantum of Solace,^[21] was to be released on 7 November 2008 and that Craig plays Bond with an option for a third film.^[22] On 25 October 2007, MGM CEO Harry Sloan revealed at the Forbes Meet II Conference that Craig had signed on for four more Bond films, through to Bond 25.^[23]

In 2006, Craig was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.^[24] On 12 June 2008, Craig sliced the top of one of his fingers off while filming Quantum of Solace.^[25] The accident was the latest in a string of incidents surrounding the shoot, including a fire at one of the sets in Pinewood Studios, a car crash that left the stunt driver in a serious condition, and an Aston Martin skidding off the roads while being transported to the set in Italy and plunging into Lake Garda.^[26]

Craig at the 81st Academy Awards in 2009.

Craig describes his portrayal of Bond as an anti-hero: "The question I keep asking myself while playing the role is, 'Am I the good guy or just a bad guy who works for the good side?' Bond's role, after all, is that of an assassin when you come down to it. I have never played a role in which someone's dark side shouldn't be explored. I don't think it should be confusing by the end of the film, but during the film you should be questioning who he is."^[27] Craig also states that his favourite previous Bond actor was Sean Connery, but says, "I'd never copy somebody else. I would never do an impression of anybody else or try and improve on what they did. That would be a pointless exercise for me".^[28] His favourite Bond film is From Russia with Love.^[29] On a James Bond-centric episode of The South Bank Show, Connery divulged his thoughts on Craig's casting as Bond, whom he described as "fantastic, marvelous in the part." When he was told that Craig had taken particular note of his performances, Connery said that he was "flattered" and that Craig really gets the "danger element" to Bond's character.^[30]

On 19 April 2010, Craig's expected third Bond film (the 23rd overall in the series) was announced to have been suspended indefinitely due to the crippling debt and uncertain future of MGM.^[31] However, both Craig and Sam Mendes hoped to resume work on the film soon. The film has since resumed and Craig will return as Bond once again,^[32] with the film (now called Skyfall) due for release on 9 November 2012. Skyfall is expected to be part of year-long celebrations of the 50th anniversary of Dr. No.^[33] On 19 December 2011, it was announced that Daniel Craig has signed on for five future Bond films, bringing his total to eight films which would break by one film Roger Moore's record of the longest running actor to portray the character.^[34]

Other projects[link]

In 1999, Craig starred as Richard in a TV drama called Shockers: The Visitor. In 2007, he portrayed Lord Asriel in The Golden Compass, the film adaptation of Philip Pullman's novel.^[35] Eva Green, who played Bond girl Vesper Lynd in Casino Royale, also starred in the film, although she did not appear in any scenes with Craig. In a stage version of the book, Asriel had previously been played by Timothy Dalton, one of Craig's predecessors in the role of James Bond.

In early 2001, Craig expressed an interest in being a part of the Star Trek franchise, professing his love of the series to the World Entertainment News Network and a desire to have a "stint in the TV show or a film. It's been a secret ambition of mine for years."^[36] On 16 March 2007, Craig made a cameo appearance as himself in a sketch with Catherine Tate who appeared in the guise of her character Elaine Figgis from The Catherine Tate Show. The sketch was made for the BBC Red Nose Day 2007 fundraising programme.^[37]

In 2008's Defiance, he played Tuvia Bielski, a Jewish resistance fighter in the forests of Belarus during World War II who saved 1,200 people^[38] The shot in Casino Royale of Craig sporting swimming trunks has often topped many sexiest male celebrity polls,^[39] and in 2009 Del Monte Foods launched an ice pop moulded to resemble Craig emerging from the sea.^[40] He co-starred with Hugh Jackman, in a limited engagement of the play A Steady Rain, on Broadway at the Schoenfeld Theatre, which opened on 10 September 2009 and closed on 6 December 2009.^[41]

Craig lent his voice and likeness as James Bond for both the Wii game GoldenEye 007, an enhanced remake of the 1997 game for the Nintendo 64, and James Bond 007: Blood Stone, an original game for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Nintendo DS, and Microsoft Windows.^[42] In August 2010, Craig was cast as crusading journalist Mikael Blomkvist in David Fincher's 2011 adaptation of Stieg Larsson's novel The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo.^[43] Craig co-starred with Harrison Ford and Olivia Wilde in Cowboys & Aliens, an American science fiction Western film, based on Scott Mitchell Rosenberg's 2006 graphic novel of the same name.^[44][45]

Personal life[link]

Craig with producer Michael G. Wilson in June 2006.

In 1992, Craig married Scottish actress Fiona Loudon, with whom he has a daughter, Ella. The marriage ended in divorce in 1994.^[46]

After his divorce, he was in a seven-year relationship with German actress Heike Makatsch, ending in 2001.^[47] He subsequently dated film producer Satsuki Mitchell from 2004 until 2010.^[48]

Craig and actress Rachel Weisz began dating in December 2010.^[49] Craig and Weisz married on 22 June 2011^[48][50] in a private New York City ceremony, with only four guests in attendance, including Craig's 18-year-old daughter Ella, and Weisz's four-year-old son Henry.^[51] Craig and Weisz had been friends for many years and had worked together on the movie Dream House shortly before they began dating in late 2010.

In October 2008, Craig paid £4 million for a flat near Regent's Park, London.^[52] He is a Liverpool F.C. supporter.^[53]

Craig is rumoured to have bought a property in the Hertfordshire community of Barkway.^[54]

Filmography[link]

Video games[link]

Further reading[link]

• Marshall, Sarah (2007). Daniel Craig: The Biography. John Blake Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84454-454-7. 
• O'Brien, Daniel (2007). Daniel Craig – Ultimate Professional. Reynolds & Hearn Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905287-44-4. 
• Ogle, Tina (2009). Daniel Craig: The Illustrated Biography. Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84732-266-1. 

References[link]