Triple Zero (000) is the primary national emergency number in Australia.^[1] The Emergency Call Service is operated by Telstra a condition of its telecommunications licence, and is intended only for use in life-threatening or time-critical emergencies. Other emergency numbers in Australia are 112 for GSM mobile and satellite phones, which is answered by a Triple Zero (000) operator and 106 for TDD textphones. Triple Zero (000) was also the emergency number in Denmark and Finland until the introduction of the 112 number in 1993.

For calls to the State Emergency Service the Australia wide number 132 500 can be used (except for in the Northern Territory). This number should only be used for non life threatening situations.

History[link]

Prior to 1969, Australia did not have a national number for emergency services; the police, fire and ambulance services possessed many phone numbers, one for each local unit. In 1961, the office of the Postmaster General (PMG) introduced the Triple Zero (000) number in major population centres and near the end of the 1980s extended its coverage to nationwide. The number Triple Zero (000) was chosen for several reasons: technically, it suited the dialling system for the most remote automatic exchanges, particularly outback Queensland. These communities used the digit 0 to select an automatic trunk line to a centre. In the most remote communities, two 0s had to be used to reach a main centre; thus dialling 0+0, plus another 0 would call (at least) an operator. Zero is closest to the finger stall on Australian rotary dial phones, so it was easy to dial in darkness.^[2]

911 was previously considered as a potential emergency number, though existing numbering arrangements make this unfeasible due to homes and businesses being assigned numbers beginning with 911^[3] .

Calling Triple Zero (000)[link]

Calling Triple Zero (000) connects the caller to a Telstra operator who will then connect the caller to the emergency service organisation calltaker. Telstra operators do not take any details or dispatch services; instead they ask the caller if they require the "Police, Fire, Ambulance?" and their location if calling from a mobile phone or nomadic service (i.e. Voice over Internet Protocol or VoIP). The caller is then connected to the relevant emergency service answer point as requested by the caller.

As soon as the emergency service calltaker answers the call, the available caller location information is transferred to the emergency service. The emergency service calltaker will then query the caller for the relevant details and dispatch the required response.

The caller's address is always available to Telstra operators for fixed services in Australia even if the number is "private" (except for VoIP services). However, emergency service organisation calltakers will always ask for the address of the emergency to be stated whenever possible to ensure an accurate location is provided^[4] - this is especially important in the case of "third-party" callers who are not personally on the scene of the incident (e.g relatives or alarm monitoring corporations). When calling from a mobile telephone, callers should always attempt to provide accurate location details. This will assist emergency calltakers, and will expedite emergency service dispatch, as this information is not always readily available during the call.

Within Australia, Triple Zero (000) is a free call from any telephone. Dialling Triple Zero (000) (or 112) on most Australian GSM mobile phones will override any keypad lock, and if the caller's home network is out of range, the phone will attempt to use other carrier's networks to relay the call. Interpreter services may also be available once connected to Emergency Services.

Due to special configuration in their firmware, some 3G or GSM mobile phones sold in Australia will redirect other emergency numbers, such as 9-1-1 and 9-9-9, to Triple Zero (000). These calls are sent out by the handset as an emergency flag to the network and as such are treated in the same way as a call to Triple Zero (000).

Victoria[link]

In the state of Victoria, emergency service dispatch and call-taking for Police, Ambulance in most parts of the state, and both rural and metropolitan fire services, is handled by the Emergency Services Telecommunications Authority (ESTA). ESTA operates over three sites, located in the Melbourne CBD, East Burwood, and Mount Helen. Currently, some rural Ambulance communication is still facilitated at a local level by Ambulance Victoria, however the various regional ambulance call-taking centres are progressively being rolled into the Mount Helen ESTA facility. When a person calls 000 for emergency response within Victoria, the Telstra operator will connect him or her to the relevant ESTA facility, where a trained calltaker will collect information from the caller, and enter this into the Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) system. Using this information, a trained dispatcher will respond with the appropriate emergency services or resources. Services are often already being notified by the dispatcher while the call-taker is still obtaining further information or giving advice, such as guiding the caller through CPR. ESTA is also responsible for Victorian State Emergency Service call-taking and dispatch, although this service cannot be contacted by dialling 000, as SES calls are not considered to be life-threatening. Many ESTA practices and protocols are standardised across all emergency services agencies, and all agencies use the same computer network. The result is complete and instantaneous information sharing between emergency services.

Issues[link]

SES[link]

As the Australian Communications and Media Authority does not regard State Emergency Service (SES) calls as life-threatening, this service cannot be contacted via Triple Zero (000). If dialling Triple Zero (000), asking Telstra for the SES will result in connection to a recorded announcement explaining how to contact these services.

2003 overload in Melbourne[link]

On 3 December 2003, floods and storms in Melbourne caused a large influx of Triple Zero (000) calls, which prevented some calls from being answered immediately. This caused some users interviewed by authorities to believe that they may have accidentally dialed the wrong number. A subsequent investigation recommended that a recorded announcement be implemented to assure callers that their calls were being connected.^[5] Callers to Triple Zero (000) are now greeted with a recorded message, which states "You have dialed emergency triple-zero. Your call is being connected."

Triple Oh[link]

Emergency services and Australia's Communications Regulator prefer the phrase "triple zero" over "triple oh" because of potential confusion and misunderstanding over keying the number when using alpha-numeric keypads. This could cause people to dial "666" in an emergency, not Triple Zero (000), or even enter the alphabet characters OOO if using a computer-based dialler or telephone software such as VoIP (a feature intended to be used for numbers advertised as a phrase or word, such as 13 CABS or 1800 REVERSE).

Remote locations[link]

One major obstacle in earlier 2009^[6] is the inability of operators of triple-0 to use GPS within GSM or CDMA systems to accurately locate distressed or injured persons using mobile phones visibly away from roads. Presently, operators must ask the caller exactly where they are. The answer to this may need to correspond to an existing road name (which may be practically impossible for distressed person(s) some kilometres away from a road) prior to the Emergency Service Organisation operator being able to dispatch an emergency service vehicle. In 2010, the Australian Communications and Media Authority are researching options that may provide improved location information for mobile services when dialling Triple Zero (000).

David Iredale[link]

The NSW State Labor Government has admitted to failings regarding the death of David Iredale, a high school student who died of dehydration in the bush near Katoomba in late 2006.^[7][8] Iredale made several calls for help to 000 prior to his death.^[9] Emergency services, specifically the NSW Ambulance Service Triple-zero call centre, were accused of inappropriately handling Iredale's calls; he was not provided with any medical advice, and operators were accused of being "pre-occupied" with obtaining a street address to send help to, despite the fact that Iredale was located in the bush. An inquest set up to investigate failings in the 000 system as a result of his death identified serious issues in the practices used by 000 operators.^[10]

See also[link]

• 111 Emergency phone number in New Zealand.
• 112 Emergency phone number across the European Union and on GSM mobile networks across the world.
• 119 Emergency phone number in parts of East Asia.
• 911 Emergency phone number in US and Canada.
• 999 Emergency phone number in Ireland, Poland and United Kingdom (where it works parallel to 112). Also an emergency number in several non-EU countries.

• Emergency telephone
• Emergency telephone number
• In case of emergency (ICE) entry in the mobile phone book.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Australian Disaster Information Network: Triple Zero (000) - Australia's Emergency Call Service
• Australian Communications and Media Authority: Emergency Calls Service information
• Emergency Services Telecommunications Authority (VIC)

Claudio Pizarro

Pizarro captaining Peru in 2007.
Personal information
Full name	Claudio Miguel Pizarro Bosio
Date of birth	(1978-10-03) 3 October 1978 (age 33)
Place of birth	Callao, Peru
Height	1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)
Playing position	Striker
Club information
Current club	Werder Bremen
Number	24
Youth career
	Academia Deportiva Cantolao
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
1996–1997	Deportivo Pesquero	42	(11)
1997–1999	Alianza Lima	44	(22)
1999–2001	Werder Bremen	56	(29)
2001–2007	Bayern Munich	174	(71)
2007–2009	Chelsea	21	(2)
2008–2009	→ Werder Bremen (loan)	26	(17)
2009–2012	Werder Bremen	77	(43)
2012–	Bayern Munich	0	(0)
National team‡
1999–	Peru	61	(16)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 15 May 2012. † Appearances (Goals). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 29 February 2012

Claudio Miguel Pizarro Bosio (born 3 October 1978 in Callao, Peru) is a Peruvian football forward. Pizarro plays for the Peru national team, for which he has 60 caps. He is known for his scoring ability and headers.

On 23 October 2010, Pizarro surpassed the 133 goals record previously reached by Giovane Elber, making him the top foreign scorer in German football history, when he scored with his team, Werder Bremen against Borussia Mönchengladbach.^[1]

Personal[link]

Pizarro was born and raised in the Santiago de Surco district of capital city Lima. He was born to Patricia Bosio and Claudio Pizarro Dávila, a naval officer. He has a sister, Patricia, and brother, Diego.^[2] Younger brother, Diego,^[3] was a youth player for Bayern Munich,^[4] and he is currently playing for Cienciano.

Pizarro is married to his teenage sweetheart, Karla Salcedo, and they have two sons, Claudio and Gianluca, and one daughter, Antonella.^[5] Pizarro co-owns a race horse called 'Crying Lightning' with Queens Park Rangers player Joey Barton.^[6] In January 2011 the horse competed at the Nad Al Sheba Racecourse in Dubai.^[7]

Club career[link]

Deportivo Pesquero[link]

Pizarro started playing as a youth in the Academia Deportiva Cantolao in Callao. He started his professional career playing with Deportivo Pesquero, a small provincial team in the city of Chimbote in the north of Peru, at the age of seventeen. His first professional game was in 1996 against Alianza Lima. He scored his first two goals two weeks later against Atletico Torino in the victory of Deportivo Pesquero 2–1.

Alianza Lima[link]

Pizarro scored 25 goals over two seasons with Alianza Lima and was part of the Alianza team that reached second position in the Torneo Apertura of Peru in 1999. Shortly after his success at Alianza, Pizarro was sold to German Bundesliga club Werder Bremen. Later that year, he earned his first cap for the Peru national football team.

Werder Bremen[link]

Pizarro's 29 goals over two seasons for Werder Bremen made the rising star of Peruvian football more coveted by managers of major European clubs. After the 2000–01 season, Werder announced that it would not prevent Pizarro from moving to a bigger club, and the conflict to secure the Peruvian forward's services intensified. The media indicated that Real Madrid and Barcelona of Spain, Internazionale of Italy, and Werder's Bundesliga rivals Borussia Dortmund were in the running to sign Pizarro. The most speculated transfer in Peruvian football monopolized the interest of the national press. After seeming destined for Spain, Pizarro ended weeks of speculation by signing for Bayern Munich on 7 June 2001.

Bayern Munich[link]

Pizarro at Bayern.

Pizarro was a key player in Bayern's Bundesliga and German Cup double in 2003.

The "Anden-Bomber" ("Andes Bomber", a reference to his South American home country as well as legendary Bayern striker Gerd Müller, who was nicknamed "Bomber") or sometimes called "Inca God" by the media, started well with Bayern Munich scoring his first goal with the Bavarian team in the fourth minute of the game against Schalke 04 (the second date of the Bundesliga 2001–02).

Pizarro's contract with the German champions expired at the end of the 2006–07 season and negotiations on an extension were not making progress, with Sevilla, Benfica and Rangers ready to step in and make a move. Pizarro later rejected a contract extension offered by Bayern chairman Franz Beckenbauer, demanding an increase in pay which angered Karl-Heinz Rummenigge who was quoted saying that "Anyone wishing to earn as much as Shevchenko had better start playing like Shevchenko."

On 20 May 2007, Bayern Munich announced Pizarro would be leaving the club.^[8]

Chelsea[link]

Pizarro at Chelsea

On 1 July 2007, Chelsea officially signed Pizarro and confirmed that he had completed his medical and agreed on personal terms to join the club on a Bosman transfer, signing a four-year deal.^[9][10] He is the first Peruvian to sign for Chelsea. Pizarro also revealed that his decision was largely influenced by the advice of his national team team-mate Nolberto Solano, who played in England with Newcastle, Aston Villa and West Ham United, as well as Owen Hargreaves, who at the time also played for Bayern Munich.^[11]

Pizarro was assigned the number 14, the same number he wears for Peru, and his former shirt number at Bayern Munich. He succeeded Geremi as the holder of the shirt number 14 at Chelsea. He made his debut against Manchester United in the 2007 FA Community Shield. He came on as a substitute but then missed one of the penalties in the shootout as Chelsea lost.^[12] His Chelsea league career got off to a good start, scoring a goal on his debut on the opening weekend of the 2007–08 Premier League season against Birmingham City.^[13] However, after José Mourinho's departure, and the signing of French striker Nicolas Anelka, Pizarro found himself surplus to requirements by the then new manager Avram Grant. Pizarro did play an important role in Chelsea progressing to the fourth round of the FA Cup 2008, by contributing to the goal which rebounded off QPR keeper Lee Camp and into the net.^[14] He then went on to score the only goal in a match against Birmingham.^[15] This meant that his only two goals in a Chelsea shirt both came in separate games against Birmingham City.

Loan and return to Werder Bremen[link]

On 15 August 2008, he was loaned until the end of the season to Werder Bremen. Soon after the announcement that Pizarro would be joining the team, a large group of Werder Bremen fans lined up to buy the new Pizarro jersey showing that Pizarro is still appreciated in Bremen, seven years after leaving the club. He has been assigned the number 24 jersey and has been decisive and important for the club, scoring many goals.

Pizarro's role has been fundamental in the qualification of Werder to the UEFA Cup Final, helping score goals and eliminate teams such as A.C. Milan and German rivals Hamburg, amongst others. However with the absence of Werder playmaker Diego from the final with Shakhtar Donetsk, Pizarro could not save the team from a 2–1 defeat after extra time.

On 18 August 2009, Pizarro signed with Werder Bremen for an undisclosed fee after impressing for Werder in the previous season, scoring 17 goals in 26 appearances. In his second season at Werder Bremen, he continued to be a top Bundesliga scorer with 16 goals and reached the top foreign scorer record. On 23 October 2010, Pizarro scored his 134th goal in the Bundesliga making him the top scoring foreign-born player in the league history after being level with Giovane Elber.

On 15 May 2012, Pizarro announced that he would leave Werder Bremen in the summer.^[16]

Return to Bayern Munich[link]

On 26 May 2012, Pizarro signed a one-year deal with his former German club, Bayern Munich.^[17]

International career[link]

Claudio Pizarro as Peru's captain in Copa América Venezuela 2007

Pizarro has been a regular for Peru since 1999, and was the captain succeeding Nolberto Solano. His career in the national team has not mirrored his club career, as he has scored only 13 goals, only 6 of which have been in competitive matches. Pizarro has been a starting player in the qualifying tournaments for the 2002 Japan-Korea World Cup, the 2006 Germany World Cup, and the first three games of the 2010 South Africa World Cup. Fans of the Peruvian national team have complained of his lackluster performance in the qualifiers: only three goals scored throughout three tournaments.

In the Copa América 2004 when playing for the Peruvian National team he suffered a fractured skull, when he took an elbow to the head in an on-field collision during a 3–1 win over Venezuela which forced him out of the Copa America and required extensive surgery in Germany.^[18] He was not able to play for over three months after the incident.

Under the management of Julio César Uribe, Pizarro played for Peru in the 2007 Copa América, scoring two goals against Bolivia.

On 7 December 2007, an investigation on having introduced women and alcohol into the national squad's hotel two days before Peru's away drubbing at the hands of Ecuador (5–1) started running, and Pizarro has thus been suspended 18 months from the national team starting on the day before the match.^[19] Other Peruvian players based overseas like Jefferson Farfán and others were also suspended. Since Pizarro claimed to be innocent, he started a trial against the Peruvian Football Federation. This action alerted FIFA about the case who warned the player about not taking it to the regular judges or he could face an international ban.^[20]

On 3 July 2008, after an investigation and a review of the facts, the suspension was changed to only three months (from the date of appeal in April 2008) and $10,000 fine. Pizarro served the three month ban.

On 17 April 2009, Pizarro won a court victory over his national federation. The Court of Arbitration for Sport overturned a $10,000 fine imposed on Pizarro by the Peruvian football association after the alleged November 2007 incident. "The facts put forward by (the federation) in relation to Pizarro were not supported by concrete evidence", sport's highest court said in a statement.^[21]

Pizarro expressed his satisfaction with the final result. He explained: "I am very satisfied and feel vindicated, Pizarro said. "My honor has been restored. My family and friends have always stood by me and knew that these were all just lies that were being spread about me. But this verdict will now also give certainty to everyone who had doubts that I have always told the truth.^[22]

Despite these results neither him nor any of the other suspended players were ever called for the duration of the World Cup South Africa qualification games by coach Del Solar. Pizarro's attitude as team captain had already been called into question by the fans, who felt he that he would focus more on his hobbies (such as horse racing) than training when he would go to Peru.

International goals[link]

Pizarro – goals for Peru
#	Date	Venue	Opponent	Score	Result	Competition
1.	17 February 1999	Guayaquil, Ecuador	Ecuador	2–1	Win	Friendly
2.	17 June 1999	Manizales, Colombia	Colombia	3–3	Draw	Friendly
3.	23 June 1999	Lima, Peru	Venezuela	3–0	Win	Friendly
4.	27 March 2001	Lima, Peru	Chile	3–1	Win	2002 World Cup qualification
5.	2 June 2001	Lima, Peru	Ecuador	1–2	Loss	2002 World Cup qualification
6.	2 April 2003	Lima, Peru	Chile	3–0	Win	Friendly
7.	2 April 2003	Lima, Peru	Chile	3–0	Win	Friendly
8.	20 August 2003	New Jersey, United States	Mexico	3–1	Win	Friendly
9.	1 June 2004	Montevideo, Uruguay	Uruguay	3–1	Win	2006 World Cup qualification
10.	6 July 2004	Lima, Peru	Bolivia	2–2	Draw	2004 Copa America
11.	7 October 2006	Viña del Mar, Chile	Chile	2–3	Loss	Friendly
12.	3 July 2007	Mérida, Venezuela	Bolivia	2–2	Draw	2007 Copa América
13.	3 July 2007	Mérida, Venezuela	Bolivia	2–2	Draw	2007 Copa América
14.	2 September 2011	Lima, Peru	Bolivia	2–2	Draw	Friendly
15.	11 October 2011	Santiago, Chile	Chile	2–4	Loss	2014 World Cup qualification
16.	29 February 2012	Tunis, Tunisia	Tunisia	1–1	Draw	Friendly

Career statistics[link]

Club statistics[link]

Correct as of 5 May 2012

Honours[link]

Bayern Munich

• Intercontinental Cup: 2001
• Bundesliga (3:) 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06
• DFB-Pokal (3:) 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06
• DFB-Ligapokal: 2004

Chelsea

• Runner-up: Community Shield: 2007
• Runner-up: Carling Cup: 2008
• Runner-up: Premier League: 2007–08
• Runner-up: Champions League: 2007–08

Werder Bremen

• Runner-up: UEFA Cup: 2008–09
• DFB-Pokal: 2008–09

Individual[link]

• 2005 Best Iberoamerican Soccer Player in Europe.^[23]
• 2009–10 UEFA Europa League top scorer.
• Top foreign scorer in German football history.

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Claudio Pizarro

• Claudio Pizarro career stats at Soccerbase
• Career statistics at National Football Teams

Peru squads v t e Peru squad – 1999 Copa América 1 Ibáñez 2 Rebosio 3 Reynoso 4 Olivares 5 Guadalupe 6 José Soto 7 Solano 8 Jayo 9 Maestri 10 Palacios 11 Holsen 12 Miranda 13 Velasquez 14 Jorge Soto 15 Pereda 16 Mendoza 17 Chacón 18 Pizarro 19 Ciurlizza 20 Soria 21 Butrón 22 Zúñiga Coach: Oblitas v t e Peru squad – 2004 Copa América 1 Ibáñez 2 Acasiete 3 Rebosio 4 Soto 5 Hidalgo 6 Vílchez 7 Solano 8 Jayo 9 Maestri 10 Palacios 11 Olcese 12 Delgado 13 la Rosa 14 Pizarro 15 Salas 16 Mendoza 17 Farfán 18 Pedro García 19 Ciurlizza 20 Zegarra 21 Butrón 22 Julio García Coach: Autuori v t e Peru squad – 2007 Copa América 1 Butrón 2 Villalta 3 Acasiete 4 Vílchez 5 Rodríguez 6 Herrera 7 Cespedes 8 Bazalar 9 Guerrero 10 Mariño 11 Zúñiga 12 Forsyth 13 de la Haza 14 Pizarro 15 Villamarín 16 Mendoza 17 Farfán 18 García 19 Ísmodes 20 Jiménez 21 Juan Flores 22 Galliquio Coach: Uribe