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A compass rose with east highlighted

East is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. East is one of the four cardinal directions or compass points. It is the opposite of west and is perpendicular to north and south.

By convention, the right hand side of a map is east.

To go east using a compass for navigation, set a bearing or azimuth of 90°.

East is the direction toward which the Earth rotates about its axis, and therefore the general direction from which the Sun appears to rise.

During the Cold War, "The East" was sometimes used to refer to the Warsaw Pact and Communist China, along with other Communist nations.

Throughout history, the East has also been used by Europeans in reference to the Orient and Asian societies.

Etymology[link]

The word east is derived from the Proto-Germanic *aus-to- or *austra- "east, toward the sunrise" , from PIE *aus- "to shine," or "dawn".^[1] Ēostre, a Germanic goddess of dawn, might have been a personification of both dawn and the cardinal points.

References[link]

Look up east in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

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Juice Leskinen
Juice Leskinen at his second to last concert in Tampere, Finland on August 2006.
Background information
Born	(1950-02-19)19 February 1950 Juankoski, Finland
Origin	Finland
Died	24 November 2006(2006-11-24) (aged 56) Tampere, Finland
Genres	Manserock
Years active	1973–2006

Juhani Leskinen as a child

Juhani Juice Leskinen (former Pauli Matti Juhani "Juice" Leskinen), better known as Juice Leskinen (pronounced [ˈjuisɛ] ( listen), not like the English word juice; born 19 February 1950 in Juankoski – died 24 November 2006 in Tampere), was one of the most prominent Finnish singer-songwriters of the late 20th century. From the early 1970s onward he released nearly 30 full-length albums, as well as writing song lyrics for dozens of Finnish artists. Several of Leskinen's songs have reached classic status in Finnish popular music, e.g., "Viidestoista yö", "Kaksoiselämää" and "Syksyn sävel". His early records are considered staples of the so-called Manserock movement of the mid-'70s. In addition to Leskinen's musical work, he extended his focus to poetry and playwriting with nine collections of verse and seven plays published.

After moving to Tampere to study in 1970, Leskinen began his recording career in 1973 with the eponymous debut album of Juice Leskinen & Coitus Int. One more record, Per Vers, runoilija, was made under the same band name, but from then on he released records with several line-ups, most notably Juice Leskinen Slam and Juice Leskinen Grand Slam from the late '70s until mid '80s. Although concentrating more on poetry from the early '90s, Leskinen still released new music every few years despite his failing health caused by years of unhealthy life habits. After the longest hiatus of his recording career, L marked Leskinen's 50th birthday in 2000. His last record, Senaattori ja boheemi (released in 2004), is a collaboration with Mikko Alatalo, a return to their partnership of the early 1970s.

He qualified 38th in the poll of the 100 Greatest Finns held during the summer of 2004.

Leskinen died in 2006 after suffering from renal insufficiency, cirrhosis and diabetes.^[1] He is buried in Kalevankangas cemetery, Tampere, near the main gate.^[2]

Leskinen has gained a considerable amount of posthumous recognition. A musical about Leskinen, titled Juice - taiteilijaelämää (an artist's life) is under production, and premiered in Tampere on 30 August 2011.^[3]

Discography[link]

• 1973 Juice Leskinen & Coitus Int.: Juice Leskinen & Coitus Int
• 1974 Juice Leskinen & Coitus Int.: Per Vers, runoilija
• 1975 Juice Leskinen & Mikko Alatalo: Juice ja Mikko
• 1976 Juice: Keskitysleirin ruokavalio
• 1977 Juice: Lahtikaupungin rullaluistelijat
• 1978 Juice Leskinen Slam: Tauko I
• 1978 Välikausitakki: Välikausitakki
• 1979 Juice Leskinen Slam: Tauko II
• 1980 Juice Leskinen Slam: XV yö (Tauko III)
• 1980 Juice Leskinen Slam: Kuusessa ollaan
• 1981 Juice Leskinen Slam: Ajan Henki
• 1981 Juice Leskinen: Dokumentti
• 1982 Juice Leskinen Grand Slam: Sivilisaatio
• 1983 Juice Leskinen Grand Slam: Deep Sea Diver
• 1983 Juice Leskinen Grand Slam: Boogieteorian alkeet peruskoulun ala-astetta varten - lyhyt oppimäärä
• 1984 Juice Leskinen Grand Slam: Kuopio-Iisalmi-Nivala (Live)
• 1985 Juice Leskinen Grand Slam: Pyromaani palaa rikospaikalle
• 1986 Juice Leskinen Grand Slam: Yölento
• 1987 Juice Leskinen: Minä
• 1990 Juice Leskinen: Sinä
  

  

  Juice Leskinen's grave in December 2006.
• 1991 Juice Leskinen Grand Slam: Taivaan kappaleita
• 1992 Juice Leskinen Etc.: Simsalabim Jim
• 1993 Juice Leskinen: Haitaribussi
• 1996 Juice Leskinen: Kiveä ja sämpylää
• 2000 Juice Leskinen: L
• 2002 Juice Leskinen: Vaiti, aivan hiljaa
• 2004 Juice Leskinen & Mikko Alatalo: Senaattori ja boheemi

Literary works[link]

Collections of poetry[link]

• 1975 Sonetteja laumalle
• 1981 Sanoja
• 1989 Iltaisin, kun veneet tulevat kotiin
• 1990 Pieniä sanoja sinulle, jota rakastan
• 1994 Äeti (luonnos muistelmiksi, runoja)
• 1996 Jumala on
• 1998 Maanosamme, maailmamme
• 1999 Aika jätti (Runoja)
• 2002 Ilonkorjuun aika 2002

Children's books[link]

• 1987 Satuinen musiikkituokio (with Matti Pellonpää, book and cassette)
• 1992 Räkä ja Roiskis
• 1995 Räkä ja Roiskis Suuvedellä
• 1997 Räkä ja Roiskis naisissa

Other works[link]

• 1978 Kuka murhasi rock'n' roll tähden (diary)
• 1984 Päivää (short stories)
• 1993 Vaikuttajat korvissamme (essays)
• 2003 Siinäpä tärkeimmät: edellinen osa E. Ch. (memoirs)

Plays[link]

• 1980 Valto
• 1983 Isänmaan toivo
• 1984 Ravintola Wunderbar
• 1985 Kolme hanhea matkalla pohjoiseen (with Liisa Laukkarinen)
• 1988 Harald Hirmuinen
• 1990 Mikä ny
• 1996 Soma rillumarei

See also[link]

• List of best-selling music artists in Finland

References[link]

External links[link]

• Obituary in English @ Helsingin Sanomat
• A list of books in his library on LibraryThing

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Koit Toome

Koit Toome (born 3 January 1979) is an Estonian singer and musical actor.

Career[link]

In late 1994 the highly successful pop duo Code One consisting of Koit Toome and Sirli Hiius was formed by the producer Mikk Targo. A great run of hits in Estonian music charts wwas to follow until 1998, when the duo split.

In 1998, Koit Toome represented Estonia at the Eurovision Song Contest, held in Birmingham that year, and went on to record his debut solo album of mostly self-penned material. Toome has released five albums all together, both as a solo artist and with Code One.

2007 saw him, with his partner-on-floor, Kertu Tänav, winning in a TV show Tantsud tähtedega (Dancing with the Stars).

In 2010 March released Koit Toome first studio album, named "Kaugele siit" ("Far from here")

Koit Toome has also embarked on a voice acting career, dubbing animated films. He provided the Estonian voice for Lightning McQueen in the Disney movie Cars.

Musical Theatre[link]

Koit Toome's debut in a musical was in the role of Alfred in Tanz der Vampire, shortly followed by that Marius in Les Misérables, Chris in Miss Saigon, and Tony in West Side Story. Several other a lead role in Chess, Rent and Hair were all to follow both in Estonia and Germany.

Personal[link]

The huge tabloid media interest Koit Toome was single and looking for long after a split from his partner in life and on stage, Maarja-Liis Ilus. In 2009, after a long period of denial, he admitted having fathered a daughter to Kaia Triisa, a make-up artist, also well-known Estonia. The couple is back together and happy, according to the Estonian tabloid press.

Toome comes from a prominent family, with his uncle Indrek Toome the Prime Minister of Estonia (1988–1990), his brother a well-known DJ, and his nephew a successful athlete.

Koit Toome lives in Tallinn.

External links[link]

• Koit Toome at the Internet Movie Database

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Getter Jaani
Getter Jaani (2012)
Background information
Born	(1993-02-03) 3 February 1993 (age 19)
Origin	Tallinn, Estonia
Genres	Pop, electropop
Years active	2009–present
Labels	Moonwalk (2010–present)
Website	www.getterjaani.com

Getter Jaani (born 3 February 1993 in Tallinn) is an Estonian pop singer. She represented Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 with her entry "Rockefeller Street".^[1] Despite being an initial favourite and qualifying for the final, she finished in the penultimate position at 24th place.

Getter Jaani came to stardom on the third season of Eesti otsib superstaari, an Estonian version of Pop Idol, where she finished 4th which led her to the role of Sharpay Evans in "High School Musical" in Tallinn (2010). She has also taken part as herself in a popular TV series, called "Riigimehed", aired on ETV (2010).

Getter was born and raised in Tallinn where she continues her studies at the Centre of Vocational Disciplines to become a tailor-stylist. She also takes acting classes at the School of Fine Arts, led by Kaari Sillamaa who has written the Estonian lyrics for the Estonian Eurovision entries of 1996 ("Kaelakee hääl") and 1999 ("Diamond of Night").

On May 26, she presented the scores on behalf of Estonia for the grand-finals of the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 held in Baku, Azerbaijan.