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Dibba (Arabic: دبا; Portuguese: Doba), sometimes spelled Diba or Daba, is a coastal region at the northeastern tip of the United Arab Emirates(UAE)/Oman peninsula on the Gulf of Oman. It is politically divided into three parts:

• Dibba Al-Fujairah (دبا الفجيرة), ruled by the Emirate of Fujairah, UAE
• Dibba Al-Hisn (دبا الحصن), ruled by the Emirate of Sharjah, UAE
• Dibba Al-Baya (دبا البيعة), ruled by the Governorate of Musandam, Oman

History[link]

This large natural harbour on the east coast of the northern Emirates has been an important site of maritime trade and settlement since the pre-Islamic era. There is some slight evidence, mainly from tombs, of settlement during the later 2nd millennium and the early first millennium BC, contemporary with such sites as Shimal, Tell Abraq and Rumeilah. There is also scattered occupation during the period of al-Dur and Mileiha but it is in the period just prior to, and after, the coming of Islam that we hear most about Dibba. Under the Sasanians, and their Omani clients the Al-Julanda, an important market existed at Dibba and that it was sometimes the capital of Oman.^[1] According to Ibn Habib "merchants from Sindh, India, China, people of the East and West came to it."

Soon after the death of the prophet Muhammad a rebellion broke out at Dibba and a faction of the Azd, led by Laqit bin Malik Dhu at-Taj, rejected Islam. According to one tradition Laqit was killed by an envoy of the caliph Abu Bakr in what may have been a relatively small struggle, while other sources including Al-Tabari say that at least 10,000 rebels were killed in one of the biggest battles of the Ridda wars. The plain behind Dibba still contains a large cemetery which according to local tradition represents the fallen apostates of Dibba.

During the time of the Abbasid caliph Al-Mu'tadid (AD 870–892) a great battle was fought at Dibba during the conquest of Oman by the Abbasid governor of Iraq and Bahrain, Muhammad bin Nur. Thereafter references to Dibba in historical literature are scarce, until we come to the Portuguese who built a fortress there. Dibba (Debe) appears in the list of southeast Arabian placenames preserved by the Venetian jeweler Gasparo Balbi in AD 1580 and depictions of its Portuguese fort can be found in several sources, such as Cortesao's Portugalliae monumenta cartographica.

Around 1620–1621 the Italian traveller Pietro Della Valle, while staying with the Sultan of Bandar Abbas, met the son of the ruler of Dibba. From this he learned that Dibba had formerly been subject to the kingdom of Hormuz, but was at that time loyal to the Safavids. In 1623 Safavids sent troops to Dibba, Khor Fakkan and other ports on the southeast coast of Arabia in order to prepare for a Portuguese counter-attack, following their expulsion from Hormuz (Jarun). The Portuguese, under Rui Freire, were so successful that the people of Dibba turned on their Safavid overlords putting them all to death, whereupon a Portuguese garrison of 50 men was installed at Dibba. More Portuguese forces had to be sent to Dibba in 1627 as a result of an Arab revolt. Two years later the Portuguese proposed moving part of the Mandaean population of southern Iraq to Dibba under pressure from neighbouring Arab tribes . Although Dibba was offered to the Mandaeans they were wise enough to see that the Portuguese force there would be insufficient to guarantee their security and, while a few Mandaeans tested the waters by moving to Muscat, most returned to Basra in AD 1630.

In 1645 the Portuguese still held Dibba but the Dutch, searching for potential sites for new commercial activities, sent the warship Zeemeeuw ('Seagull') to explore the Musandam peninsula between Khasab, on the Persian Gulf side, and Dibba on the east coast. Claes Speelman, the captain of the Zeemeeuw, made drawings in his logbook, including what is certainly the earliest depiction of Dibba in a European source. Within a year or two the Portuguese were forced out of Dibba and held only Khasab and Muscat, which they finally lost in 1650.

Eleven years later Jacob Vogel's description of the east coast of the Oman peninsula, prepared for the Dutch East India Company in 1666, contained the following: "Dabba (which we were unable to visit because of calm and counter currents) is a place (according to the interpreter assigned to us) with about 300 small houses constructed from branches of date trees ... During the days of the Portuguese, there were here 4 fortresses of which the biggest one is still standing. This place also has a valley with a lot of date trees under which there are water wells, where one can get fresh water. At the Northern side of Dabba there is a small fresh water river where the fishermen live.".^[2]

The 1900s witnessed land disputes over Dibba.^[3]

Geology[link]

The Dibba Fault is an active fault, which means that it had a displacement or seismic activity during the geologically recent period, and is one of the two faults that run through the UAE. The fault crosses into Oman near the from the north and runs southward to the centre of the Arabian Peninsula. Gulf News reported that people in Dibba have felt at least 150 tremors during 2003 and 2004 which indicates that there is a major earthquake waiting to happen in the area.^[4] Dibba also felt the 2005 Qeshm earthquake.

The Mesozoic and the Cenozoic accretionary wedge is truncated on the western side by the right lateral fault, the Zendan Fault – Oman Line. West of the transform are the Zagros Mountains of southern Iran, the Musandam peninsula and the Oman Mountains, and the Arabian platform and the Dibba Fault. The Dibba Fault separates the ophiolites in the Oman Mountains from the Mesozoic carbonates in the Musandam Peninsula.^[5]

On March 31, 2009, Gulfnews reported that the UAE's National Centre of Metrology and Seismology (NCMS) recorded two earth tremors, measuring magnitudes of 2.9 and 3.5 on the Richter scale, which shook the Gulf of Aden and the north of Dibba at 6.21am and 9.35am. The tremors were lightly felt in some areas of the northern emirates.^[6]

Marine life[link]

In 2008 an algal bloom affected the sea around Dibba and reached the tourist hot-spots of 'Aqqah and Al-Faqeet, which contain several high-end resorts.^[7] 95 per cent of corals in the Dibba Marine Protected Zone were destroyed and the fish population dwindled to a minimum. Rita Bento, a marine biologist working with the Emirates Diving Association (EDA), said she saw only three fish during an hour-long dive in an area where previously hundreds were seen. ^[8]

Natural disasters[link]

In June 2007, Dibba was affected by Cyclone Gonu, which caused damage to buildings and homes.^[9]

Archaeology[link]

There is evidence of extensive ancient settlement^[10] and Dibba was an international market on the coast of Oman frequented by merchants from India and China sailing through the Arabian Sea. Indian and Chinese merchant activity has also been discovered in Dibba, and in Chinese sources as well.^[11]

In the early 1950s Bibby appealed to his wartime acquaintance, P. V. Glob, professor of Prehistory at Aarhus University, and together they organized the first modern archaeological expedition to the Persian Gulf region, including Dibba.^[12]

The towns[link]

Dibba Al-Fujairah[link]

Dibba Al-Fujairah on the east coast is one of the largest towns in Fujairah. It contains several small villages located between the mountains and the seacoast. In winter people from all over the Emirates travel to Dibba to camp in the mountains and in summer they enjoy water sports and the sandy beaches. Beaches in Dibba are considered among the best of the UAE and have many luxury hotels.

Dibba Al-Hisn[link]

Dibba Al-Hisn is bordered by the Gulf of Oman to the east, Dibba Al-Baya to the north, and Dibba Al-Fujairah to the south. It is the smallest in size among the other "Dibbas" and is notable mostly for its fish market and a fortress, after which the town is named. Its population density is greater than the other towns. There have been land disputes between Dibba Al-Hisn and Dibba Al-Baya, which were resolved in the 1990s.

Dibba Al-Hisn is believed to be the site where the Portuguese built a fort and a wall around the city during the Iberian Union.^[13]

Dibba Al-Baya[link]

Dibba Al-Baya is the most northerly of the three "Dibbas" and acts as a gateway to the Musandam peninsula.

Notable people[link]

• Al Muhallab ibn Abi Suffrah, an Azdi Arab and an eminent military commander born in Dibba, whose name appeared on the first-edition of the United Arab Emirates dirham coins shortly after the people of the country accepted Islam.

• Laqit bin Malik: A false prophet and an Azdi Arab in Dibba also known as the "Crowned One (Dhul'-Taj)" who rose against the local Muslim Julanda rulers. The army led by Hudayfa and supported by Ikrimah ibn Abi-Jahl and 'Arfaja arrived at Al Ain / Buraimi where they wrote to local tribes to convince them to abandon the revolt. They then marched against and defeated Laqit in battle at Dibba, where reports of combined casualties of 10,000 are mentioned. Hudayfah then remained in Oman as governor restoring peace with the local tribes and bringing them back to the fold of Islam while the remaining troops to Mahra in southern Arabia to Ash Shihr in Yemen.^[14]

In popular culture[link]

"We will go to Dibba, and we will see how summer feels like" is a saying popular in the UAE and Oman. It is used to express the ability of proving a point or test if a fact is true or not, since Dibba allegedly enjoys a cooler weather in the summer than the rest of the UAE.^{[citation needed]}

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dibba

Coordinates: 25°37′N 56°16′E / 25.617°N 56.267°E / 25.617; 56.267

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2010)

Ricardo Quaresma

Quaresma playing against Argentina, 9 February 2011
Personal information
Full name	Ricardo Andrade Quaresma Bernardo
Date of birth	(1983-09-26) 26 September 1983 (age 28)
Place of birth	Lisbon, Portugal
Height	1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)[1]
Playing position	Winger
Club information
Current club	Beşiktaş
Number	7
Youth career
2000–2001	Sporting CP
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
2001–2003	Sporting CP	59	(8)
2003–2004	Barcelona	22	(1)
2004–2008	Porto	114	(24)
2008–2010	Internazionale	24	(1)
2009–2010	→ Chelsea (loan)	4	(0)
2010–	Beşiktaş	32	(5)
National team‡
2003–	Portugal	31	(3)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 8 December 2011. † Appearances (Goals). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 12 October 2011

Ricardo Andrade Quaresma Bernardo (born 26 September 1983) is a Portuguese footballer of partial Romani descent^[1][2] who currently plays as a winger for Turkish Süper Lig side Beşiktaş J.K and the Portuguese national team. Quaresma began his career at Sporting Clube de Portugal, and has also played for FC Barcelona, FC Porto, Internazionale, and Chelsea. He is popular for incorporating a repertoire of tricks into his style of play, including the rabona and trivela. A winger who can play on either flank, with his qualities of speed and finesse a regular problem for opposing defenses.^[3]

Club career[link]

Sporting CP[link]

This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (October 2010)

Whilst a trainee at Sporting's famed academy, Quaresma made his professional debut during the 2000–01 season, playing 15 games for the B squad. In the next season, he was promoted to the senior squad by then club manager László Bölöni, playing 28 matches and scoring three goals and was a key player in Sporting's league and cup double triumph.

2002–03 was a poor season for Sporting, finishing third in the league, which prompted speculation about Quaresma's future at the club.

Barcelona[link]

Quaresma was then sold to FC Barcelona for a reported €6 million and loan of Fábio Rochemback.^[4] His stint with the Catalan side could be best described as unlucky.^{[citation needed]} In his debut season, he made 10 starts and 11 substitute appearances, scoring only one goal. In the final weeks of the season, he injured his right foot badly, forcing him to miss the 2004 UEFA Under-21 Championship.^{[citation needed]}

During UEFA Euro 2004, he announced his refusal to play for Barça as long as Frank Rijkaard was in charge, incurring the interest of many other clubs.^{[citation needed]}

Porto[link]

Quaresma signed for FC Porto in the summer of 2004 when they sold Deco for a fee of €15 million cash, plus Quaresma's playing rights, which were evaluated at the time at €6 million.^[5]

Quaresma started his campaign with Porto on a high note, scoring in his debut game in the 2004 UEFA Super Cup^{[citation needed]} and netting the only goal in Porto's triumph against Benfica in the Portuguese SuperCup.^{[citation needed]} He went on to score five goals in 32 league matches and was ever-present in Porto's run to the first knockout round of the 2004–05 UEFA Champions League.^{[citation needed]} He also contributed to Porto's dramatic win against Once Caldas in the 2004 FIFA Intercontinental Cup, scoring in a thrilling penalty shoot-out which ended 8–7 in Porto's favour.^{[citation needed]}

Quaresma was heavily criticised^{[by whom?]} during his first year with Porto for being selfish and frequently trying to dribble past defenders rather than making a simple pass. He gradually began to incorporate his teammates into the game, however, and by his third year with Porto, he had become a fan favorite and a key component of the squad. His sublime performances in both the Primeira Liga and the Champions League drew interest from various clubs,^{[citation needed]} and despite having a contract with Porto running until 2011, he soon found himself being transferred to a major club for the second time in his career.

Internazionale[link]

Quaresma playing for Inter

On 1 September 2008, Quaresma signed for Italian champions Internazionale on a cash/player exchange fee of €18.6 million with young Portuguese midfielder Pelé joining Porto.^[6][7] He played his first game for the club in a friendly against Locarno, playing on the left wing.^{[citation needed]} The game ended 2–2, and Quaresma was voted man of the match following an impressive performance.^{[citation needed]}

He was decisive in his first Serie A match against Catania, with one of his trademark trivelas^{[clarification needed]} resulting in a Giuseppe Mascara own goal. The game finished 2–1 for Inter.^[8]

Quaresma, however, found opportunities in the Inter XI limited as former Inter boss José Mourinho stated:

"He is a great talent, but the joy I have at seeing the way Ibra [ Zlatan Ibrahimović ] works for and with the team I do not yet have with Quaresma. He will have to learn, otherwise he won’t play, and I am sure he'll change and become more tactically disciplined. He likes kicking the ball with the outside of his foot, but if you ask me about him in a few months' time, we'll be talking about a different Quaresma."^[9][10]

His time in Italy was not considered a success, with him being given the Bidone d'Oro award for the worst footballer in Serie A for 2008.^[11]

Chelsea[link]

Quaresma's omission from Inter's squad for the knockout stage of the 2008–09 Champions League led to speculation of him leaving the club. On 2 February 2009, transfer deadline day, he signed on loan for Premier League club Chelsea, until the end of the season.^[12] He was given the #18 shirt. On 7 February, he made his debut for Chelsea against Hull City.^{[citation needed]} Quaresma was mostly used as a substitute, making noticeable contributions, including providing the cross for Alex to score against Coventry City.^{[citation needed]} After a disappointing start to life at the San Siro, Quaresma claimed his move to Chelsea had restored his confidence after he struggled to impress José Mourinho at Inter. The 25-year-old Portuguese international told The Star on 29 March 2009, "When I was at Inter, I wasn't feeling very confident. I wasn't playing well and wasn't happy, I already feel more confident here at Chelsea. It has brought the joy back for me, which I didn't have at Inter."^{[citation needed]} Subsequently, with Guus Hiddink's temporary position as Chelsea manager, Quaresma found it hard to find space in the Chelsea starting XI squad, and he returned to Inter at the end of his loan.

Return to Internazionale[link]

Quaresma returned to Inter after his loan at Chelsea ended.^[13] Despite desperate attempts made by Inter to offload him,^[14] Quaresma did not manage to attract any interest. With the retirement of Luís Figo, Quaresma inherited the #7 shirt, and José Mourinho said he would give Quaresma another chance for the new season.^[13] Quaresma made his debut for the new season against Bari, coming on as a substitute for Patrick Vieira. Despite the odd impressive performance, he continued to find first team football hard to come by. After the arrival of Goran Pandev, Quaresma did not feature in Mourinho's plans on their quest for the treble.

Beşiktaş[link]

Quaresma playing for Beşiktaş.

On 13 June 2010, Quaresma joined Beşiktaş J.K. in Turkey after long and arduous negotiations with Inter.^[15][16] Beşiktaş paid a €7.3 million for his transfer. He signed three-year contract, which entitled him to €3.5 million in the first season and €3.75 million in the next two seasons.^[17] He scored his first goal for the club against Viktoria Plzeň in the UEFA Europa League Third qualifying round.^[18] Quaresma was an integral part of the side during their run to the Türkiye Kupası final. Quaresma opened the scoring for Beşiktaş in the 33rd minute and won Man of the Match honors as his side won 4-3 in penalties, 2-2 after extra time.^[19] On April 25, 2011 Ricardo Quaresma and veteran player Nihat Kahveci had spat on the pitch. Nihat was upset at Quaresma for failing to pass the ball and the altercation was broken up by team mates.^[20] Following the 3-0 defeat to Spanish side Atlético Madrid in the first leg of Europa League, Quaresma had a alteration with manager Carlos Carvalhal when the incident happened in the dressing room at half-time after Carvalhal put off Quaresma for İsmail Köybaşı much to his dismay as he did not take the news lightly and began throwing water bottles, before launching a stinging attack at Carvalhal. Quarsema allegedly said "I brought you here, you just think of yourself," the former Inter and Barcelona star. If I was not here, you [Carvalhal] would not be here. You can not remove me from the match because you're nothing." This incident with Carvalhal led the club suspended Quarsema from playing indefinitely.^[21]

International career[link]

Quaresma taking a set piece for Portugal.

A UEFA Under-17 Championship winner with Portugal in 2000,^{[citation needed]} Quaresma made his full international debut for the Portuguese national team in June 2003, in a friendly against Bolivia.^{[citation needed]}

Poor form during his time with FC Barcelona and an injury prevented Quaresma from taking part in the 2004 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship, Euro 2004, and the 2004 Olympics.^{[citation needed]} Sparkling displays, however, with FC Porto won him a role in Portugal's 2006 World Cup qualification campaign and the winger helped his country to a vital 2–0 win against Slovakia.^{[citation needed]} Quaresma, however, was left out of the 23-man squad named by coach Luiz Felipe Scolari to represent Portugal in the 2006 World Cup.^{[citation needed]} He was later called up to play in a friendly game against Brazil at the Emirates Stadium, where Portugal won 2–0. Quaresma provided two assists and was named man of the match.^{[citation needed]} On 24 March 2007, Quaresma scored his first goal for the national team in Portugal's 4–0 win in a Euro 2008 qualifier against Belgium.^{[citation needed]} He was also a member of the 23-man squad for Portugal in Euro 2008, but appeared only sparingly for Scolari's Portugal during the tournament; he did start in the Portugal secondary team in a third group stage match, a 2–0 loss to host nation Switzerland where nine of the 11 regular team starters were rested.^{[citation needed]}

Quaresma was not called up for Portugal's 2010 World Cup campaign.

On 31 August 2010, Quaresma was called to play in UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying matches against Cyprus and Norway to replace the injured Cristiano Ronaldo.^{[citation needed]} On 3 September, Quaresma led Portugal against Cyprus in an entertaining encounter that ended 4-4. He was named man of the match after two years of absence from the national team.^{[citation needed]}

Career statistics[link]

Last updated 3 December 2011

International goals[link]

Goal	Date	Venue	Opponent	Score	Result	Competition
1.	24 March 2007	Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal	Belgium	4–0	Win	UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying
2.	6 February 2008	Letzigrund, Zürich, Switzerland	Italy	1–3	Loss	Friendly
3.	11 June 2008	Stade de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland	Czech Republic	3–1	Win	UEFA Euro 2008

Honours[link]

Club[link]

Sporting

• Primeira Liga: 2001–02
• Taça de Portugal: 2002
• Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2002

Porto

• Primeira Liga: 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08
• Taça de Portugal: 2006
• Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2004, 2006
• Intercontinental Cup: 2004

Chelsea

• FA Cup: 2008–09

Internazionale

• UEFA Champions League: 2009–10
• Serie A: 2008–09, 2009–10
• Coppa Italia: 2009–10

Beşiktaş

• Turkish Cup: 2010–11

International[link]

• UEFA Under-17 Championship: 2000

Individual[link]

• Primeira Liga Player of the Year: 2006

References[link]

External links[link]

• Ricardo Quaresma on Playerhistory.com
• Ricardo Quaresma's profile, career timeline and detailed statistics Football Database
• Ricardo Quaresma career stats at Soccerbase
• Ricardo Quaresma Turkey Fan Clup
• Turkish Football Federation Football Database

Portugal squads v t e Portugal squad – 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship 1 Vale 2 Nélson 3 Meireles 4 Semedo 5 Pedro Ribeiro 6 Zé Castro 7 Quaresma 8 M. Fernandes 9 Almeida 10 Moutinho 11 Valente 12 Paulo Ribeiro 13 Rolando 14 Custódio 15 Morais 16 Amaro 17 Varela 18 Nani 19 Vaz Tê 20 Lourenço 21 F. Oliveira 22 D. Fernandes Coach: A. Oliveira v t e Portugal squad – UEFA Euro 2008 1 Ricardo 2 Ferreira 3 Bruno Alves 4 Bosingwa 5 Meira 6 Meireles 7 C. Ronaldo 8 Petit 9 H. Almeida 10 J. Moutinho 11 Simão 12 Nuno 13 Miguel 14 Ribeiro 15 Pepe 16 Carvalho 17 Quaresma 18 Veloso 19 Nani 20 Deco 21 Nuno Gomes (c) 22 Patrício 23 H. Postiga Coach: Scolari v t e Portugal squad – UEFA Euro 2012 1 Eduardo 2 Bruno Alves 3 Pepe 4 Veloso 5 Coentrão 6 Custódio 7 C. Ronaldo (c) 8 J. Moutinho 9 H. Almeida 10 Quaresma 11 N. Oliveira 12 Rui Patrício 13 R. Costa 14 Rolando 15 Micael 16 Meireles 17 Nani 18 Varela 19 M. Lopes 20 H. Viana 21 J. Pereira 22 Beto 23 Postiga Coach: Bento