The 9th century BC started the first day of 900 BC and ended the last day of 801 BC.

Overview[link]

The 9th century BC was a period of great changes in civilizations. In Africa, Carthage is founded by the Phoenicians. In Egypt, a severe flood covers the floor of Luxor temple, and years later, a civil war starts.

It is the beginning of the Iron Age in Central Europe, with the spread of the Proto-Celtic Hallstatt culture, and the Proto-Celtic language.

Events[link]

King Jehu of the Kingdom of Israel bows before Shalmaneser III of Assyria.

• 895 BC: Death of King Xiao of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
• 894 BC: King Yi of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
• 892 BC: Megacles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 30 years and is succeeded by his son Diognetus.
• 891 BC: Tukulti-Ninurta II succeeds his father Adad-nirari II as king of Assyria.
• 889 BC: Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt.
• 884 BC: Ashurnasirpal II succeeds his father Tukulti-Ninurta II as king of Assyria.
• 879 BC: Death of King Yi of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
• 878 BC: King Li of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
• 874 BC: Osorkon II succeeds Takelot I as king of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt.
• 874 BC: Ahab becomes king of Kingdom of Israel (approximate date).
• 872 BC: An exceptionally high flood of the Nile covers the floors of the Temple of Luxor.
• 865 BC: Kar Kalmaneser was conquered by the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III.
• 864 BC: Diognetus, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 28 years and is succeeded by his son Pherecles.
• 860 BC: The kingdom of Urartu is unified.
• 858 BC: Aramu becomes king of Urartu.
• 858 BC: Shalmaneser III succeeds Ashurnasirpal II as king of Assyria.
• 854 BC: Battle of Karkar—An indecisive engagement between Assyrian king Shalmaneser III and a military alliance of the king of Damascus and lesser powers including the prince of Tyre. (or 853 BC)
• 853 BC: Battle of Karkar—An indecisive engagement between Assyrian king Shalmaneser III and a military alliance of the king of Damascus and lesser powers including the prince of Tyre. (or 854 BC)
• 850 BC: Takelot II succeeds Osorkon II as King of Egypt.
• 850 BC: The Middle Mumun Pottery Period begins in the Korean peninsula.
• 845 BC: Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron.
• 842 BC: Shalmaneser III devastates the territory of Damascus; Kingdom of Israel and the Phoenician cities send tribute.
• 841 BC: Death of King Li of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
• 841 BC: Records of the Grand Historian regards this year as the first year of consecutive annual dating of Chinese history.
• 836 BC: Shalmaneser III of Assyria leads an expedition against the Tabareni.
• 836 BC: Civil war breaks out in Egypt.
• 827 BC: King Xuan of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
• 825 BC: Takelot II, king of Egypt, dies. Crown Prince Osorkon III and Shoshenq III, sons of Takelot, battle for the throne.
• c. 825 BC: Ariphron, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 20 years and is succeeded by his son Thespieus.
• 823 BC: Death of Shalmaneser III, king of Assyria. He is succeeded by his son Shamshi-Adad V.
• 820 BC: Pygmalion ascends the throne of Tyre.
• 817 BC: Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty.
• 814 BC: Carthage is founded by Dido (traditional date).
• 813 BC: Carthage is founded by Phoenicians.
• 811 BC: Adad-nirari III succeeds his father Shamshi-Adad V as king of Assyria.
• 804 BC: Adad-nirari III of Assyria conquers Damascus.
• 804 BC: Death of Pedubastis I, pharaoh.
• c. 800 BC: Etruscan civilization.
• Beginning of the Iron Age in Central Europe, spread of the Proto-Celtic Hallstatt culture, and the Proto-Celtic language.
• Adena culture appears in present day Northeastern United States.

Significant persons[link]

• Shalmaneser III, king of Assyria (858–824 BC)

Inventions, discoveries, introductions[link]

• First inscriptions in Epigraphic South Arabian found in Akkele Guzay^[1]
• 9th century BC—Olmecs build pyramids.
• Emergence of the Brahmana period of Vedic Sanskrit, probable composition of the Shatapatha Brahmana, and the first beginning of the Upanishadic and Vedantic traditions of Hinduism.

Decades and years[link]

References[link]

1. ^ Fattovich, Rodolfo, "Akkälä Guzay" in von Uhlig, Siegbert, ed. Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C. Weissbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, 2003, p.169.

The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Common Era.

West Africa[link]

A bronze ceremonial vessel made around the 9th century, one of the bronzes found at Igbo-Ukwu.^[1]

Southeastern Nigeria[link]

Around the 9th century the Igbo people of what is now southeastern Nigeria, develop bronze casts of humans, animals and mythical creatures. These bronzes which were used as vessels, amulets, pendants and sacrificial tools, are among some of the earliest made bronzes ever found in Nigeria. Most items were part of a burial of a nobleman, stemming form the Nri-Igbo culture in the northern part of Igboland. Long distance trading was also discovered through the thousands of glass beads found at the sites. The discovery of the bronzes were made by locals from Igbo Ukwu and they mark the start of the development of the Nri Kingdom.

Western Europe[link]

Britain[link]

Britain experienced a great influx of Viking peoples in the 9th century as the Viking Age continued from the previous century. The kingdoms of the Heptarchy were gradually conquered by the Danes, who set up Anglo-Saxon puppet rulers in each kingdom. This invasion was achieved by a huge military force known as the Great Heathen Army which was supposedly led by Ivar the Boneless, Halfdan Ragnarsson and Guthrum. This Danish army first arrived in Britain in 865 in East Anglia. After conquering that kingdom, the army proceeded to capture the city of York (Jorvik) and establish the kingdom of Jorvik. The Danes went on to subjugate the kingdom of Northumbria, and take all but the western portion of Mercia. The remaining kingdom of Wessex was the only kingdom of the Heptarchy left. Alfred the Great managed to maintain his kingdom of Wessex and push back the Viking incursions, relieving the neighbouring kingdoms from the threat of the Danes following his famous victory over them at the Battle of Ethandun in 878. Alfred re-established Anglo-Saxon rule over the western half of Mercia, and the Danelaw was established which separated Mercia into halves, the eastern half remaining under the control of the Danes.

Europe in the 9th century

Ireland was affected also by the Viking expansion across the North Sea. Extensive raids were carried out all along the coast, and eventually permanent settlements were established, such as that of Dublin in 841. Particular targets for these raids were the monasteries on the western coast of Ireland, as they provided a rich source for loot. On such raids the Vikings set up impermanent camps, which were called longphorts by the Irish. This period of Viking raids on the coasts of Ireland has been named the longphort phase after these particular types of settlements. Ireland in the 9th century was organised into an amalgam of small kingdoms, called tuatha. These kingdoms were sometimes grouped together and ruled by a single, provincial ruler. If such a ruler could establish and maintain authority over a portion of these tuatha, he was sometimes granted the title of High King (see High King of Ireland).

Scotland experienced significant Viking incursions during the 9th century also. The Vikings established themselves in coastal regions, usually in northern Scotland, and in the northern islands such as Orkney and Shetland. The Viking invasion and settlement in Scotland provided a contributing factor in the collapse of the kingdoms of the Picts, who inhabited most of Scotland at the time. Not only were the Pictish realms either destroyed or severely weakened, the Viking invasion and settlement may have been the reason for the movement of Kenneth MacAlpin, the king of Dál Riata at that time. The kingdom of Dál Riata was located on the western coast of Scotland, and Viking incursions destroyed it after the death of its previous king, Áed mac Boanta in 839, according to the Annals of Ulster. This may have caused the new king, Kenneth MacAlpin, to move to the east, and conquer the remnants of the Pictish realms. Kenneth MacAlpin became king of the Picts in 843 and later kings would be titled as the King of Alba or King of Scots.

Art of the Early Middle Ages[link]

First and foremost, art was dedicated to the Church. The basic tools of the Roman Catholic mass, thousands of golden art objects were made. Sacred cups, vessels, reliqueries, crucifixes, rosaries, altar pieces, and statues of the Virgin and Child or Saints all kept the flame of art from dying out in the period. Architecture began to revive to some extent by the 9th century. It took the form of Church facilities of all kinds, and the first castle fortifications since Roman times began to take form in simple "moat and baily" castles, or simple "strong point" tower structures, with little refinement.

Events[link]

Eastern Hemisphere at the beginning of the 9th century.

Eastern Hemisphere at the end of the 9th century.

• An unknown event causes the decline of the Maya Classical Era.
• Beowulf might have been written down in this century, though it could also have been in the 8th century.
• Reign of Charlemagne, and concurrent (and controversially labeled) Carolingian Renaissance in Western Europe.
• Large-scale Viking attacks on Europe begin, devastating countless numbers of people.
• Oseberg ship burial.
• The Magyars begin their conquest of Pannonia (roughly modern day Hungary, a process that will take several decades to be completed.
• The Tukolor settle in the Senegal river valley.
• Muslim traders settle in the northwest and southeast of Madagascar.
• 800: Charlemagne is crowned emperor of Rome by Pope Leo III.
• 800: Arab fleet sails up the Tiber.
• 800 – 909: Rule of Aghlabids as an independent Muslim dynasty in North Africa, with their capital at Tunis.
• 802: Jayavarman II of the Khmer people in Cambodia founds the Khmer empire and establishes the Angkorian dynasty.
• 803: Construction on the Leshan Giant Buddha in Tang Dynasty China is complete, after 90 years of rock-carving on a massive cliff-side.
• 805 - 820: Tang Dynasty was under the rule of Emperor Xianzong of Tang.
• 809 – 815: War between the Byzantine empire and Bulgaria.
• 811: Battle of Pliska fought between a Byzantine force led by emperor Nicephorus I and a Bulgarian army commanded by Khan Krum. Byzantines are defeated in a series of engagements, culminating with the death of Nicephorus I.
• 813: In Battle of Versinikia the Byzantines are heavily defeated by the Bulgarians.
• 813: China was reunited.
• c. 813 – c. 915: Period of serious Arab naval raids on shores of Tyrrhenian and Adriatic seas.
• 814: Charlemagne dies at Aachen.
• 815: The 30-year Treaty of 815 between Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire end the hostilities between the two countries.
• 824: Han Yu died.
• 827 – 902: Aghlabid dynasty colonises emirates in Sicily and subsequently raids Southern Italy.
• 830: House of Wisdom, a library and translation institute, established by al-Ma'mun, Abbasid caliph, in Baghdad to transfer the knowledge of Greeks, Persians, Indians, etc. to Muslim world.[1] Also The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing which is one of the book of algebra is written by Al-Khwarizmi who worked there.
• 835: Ganlu Incident.
• 840: Death of Louis the Pious.
• 841: Dublin is founded on the east coast of Ireland by the Vikings.
• 843: The three sons of Louis the Pious reach an agreement known as the Treaty of Verdun and split the Carolingian empire into three divisions; East Francia was given to Louis the German, West Francia to Charles the Bald and Middle Francia to Lothair I.
• 845: Buddhism is persecuted and banned in China.
• 846 - 859: Emperor Xuānzong of Tang reigned; He was considered the last capable emperor of Tang Dynasty.
• 848 – 852: The west bank of the Tiber is annexed into the city of Rome. A defensive wall, commissioned by Pope Leo IV, is built around what came to be called the Leonine City.
• 850 – 875: The first Norse settlers arrive on Iceland.
• 851: The Arab merchant Suleiman al-Tajir visits the Chinese seaport at Guangzhou in southern China, and observes the manufacturing of porcelain, the Islamic mosque built at Guangzhou, the granary system of the city, and how its municipal administration functioned.
• 859: Muslims establish the University of Al Karaouine as a madrasa in Fez, Morocco.
• 862: The beginning the Rurik Dynasty in Russia
• 863: The Chinese author Duan Chengshi describes the slave trade, ivory trade, and ambergris trade of Somalia in East Africa.
• 862: The Bagratuni Dynasty of Medieval Armenia begins with Ashot I
• 863 – 879: Period of schism between eastern and western churches.
• 864: Christianization of Bulgaria under Boris I
• 867: Onward Revival of the Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty.
• 868: Ahmad ibn Tulun breaks away from the Abbasid Caliphate and establishes the independent Tulunid dynasty.
• 869: An earthquake and tsunami struck Japan's Sanriku coast, killing 1,000 people.
• 870: Prague Castle founded.
• 871 – 899: Reign of Alfred the Great.
• 875 – 884: Huang Chao leads an unsuccessful rebellion against the Tang Dynasty in China.
• 878: Battle of Ethandun results in the victory of Alfred the Great over the Danish warlord Guthrum.
• 885: Arrival of the disciples of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Clement of Ohrid and Naum of Preslav in Bulgaria. Development of the Cyrillic Alphabet.
• 893: Council of Preslav - Vladimir-Rasate is dethroned and succeeded as Prince of Bulgaria by Simeon I; the capital is moved from Pliska to Preslav; the Byzantine clergy is expelled and replaced by Bulgarian; Old Bulgarian becomes the official language of the country.
• 895/896: The year of the Magyars arrival in Pannonia. This year is widely accepted as the beginning of the Hungarian "Landtaking"* Late 9th century: Bulgaria stretches from the mouth of the Danube to Epirus and Bosnia.
• In Italy, some cities became free republics: for instance Forlì, in 889.
• The Christian Nubian kingdom reaches its peak of prosperity and military power. (Early history of Sudan).
• Harald Fairhair was victorious at the battle of Hafrsfjord, and Norway was unified into one kingdom.
• Chess reaches Japan.
• The Medieval Warm Period begins.
• The Coptic period, at its most broad definition, ends.
• Page from Koran (Surah II:286 and title Surah III) in kufic script, from Syria, is made. It is now kept at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
• Late 9th century – Pallava dynasty ends in Southern India.
• Late 9th century - Womb World mandala, To-ji, Kyoto, is made. Heian period.
• 9th – 10th century – Bowl with kufic border, from Samarkand, Uzbekistan, is made. It is now kept at Musée du Louvre, Paris.
• Laguna Copperplate Inscription, Kavi script, inscribed in Luzon, Philippines, dated Saka year 822 (900)

Significant people[link]

Charlemagne (left) and Pippin the Hunchback. 10th-century copy of a lost original from about 830.

Saint Clement of Ohrid

• Adi Sankara
• Al-Jahiz
• Alfred the Great
• Arnulf of Carinthia
• Árpád, Grand Prince of the Magyars
• Basil I the Macedonian (Βασίλειος Α') (811–886), ruled (867)–(886)
• Boris I of Bulgaria
• Empress Irene of Athens
• Charlemagne
• Clement of Ohrid
• Han Yu
• Harald I of Norway
• Huang Chao
• Harun al-Rashid
• Krum, Khan of Bulgaria
• Kenneth I of Scotland
• Li Deyu
• Louis the Pious
• Naum of Preslav
• Niu Sengru
• Pope Johanna
• Rurik
• Simeon I of Bulgaria
• Saints Cyril and Methodius
• Taizu of Later Liang
• Wang Kon
• Wang Xianzhi
• Emperor Xianzong of Tang
• Emperor Xuānzong of Tang

Inventions, discoveries, introductions[link]

• List of 9th-10th centuries inventions
• First image of a rotary grindstone in a European source—illustration shows crank, first known use of a crank in the West (Utrecht Psalter, 843)
• First known printed book, the Diamond Sutra, printed in China using woodblock printing in 868 AD.
• Invention of gunpowder by Chinese Taoist Alchemists.
• Vulgar Latin begins to develop into various Romance languages.
• Two syllabaries or kana are developed from simplified Chinese characters in Japan.

See also[link]

Timeline of 9th century Muslim history

References[link]

İshak Pasha (? - 1497, Thessaloniki) was an ethnic Serb^[1] who became an Ottoman general, statesman and later Grand Vizier.^[2]

His first term as a grand vizier was during the reign of Mehmet II (the conqueror). During this term he transferred Turkmen people from their Anatolian city of Aksaray to newly conquered İstanbul, to populate the city which had lost a portion of its former population prior to conquest. The quarter of the city where the Aksaray migrants had settled is now called Aksaray.^[3] His second term was during the reign of Beyazıt II.

In popular culture[link]

Ishak Pasha is referenced in the 2011 video game Assassin's Creed: Revelations, as the leader of the Assassin Brotherhood in the Ottoman Empire. Ishak Pasha's armor was hidden underneath the Hagia Sophia, and was later recovered by the protagonist Ezio Auditore da Firenze.

References[link]

v t e Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire v t e Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire – Rise (1299–1453) Hacıkemaleddinoğlu Alaeddin Pasha (1320–1331) Mahmudoğlu Nizamüddin Ahmed Pasha (1331–1348) Hacı Pasha (1348–1349) Sinanüddin Fakih Yusuf Pasha (1349–1364) Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha (1364–1387) Çandarlı Ali Pasha (1387–1406) Osmancıklı Imamzade Halil Pasha (1406–1413) Amasyalı Bayezid Pasha (1413–1421) Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha (1421–1429) Osmancıklı Koca Mehmed Nizamüddin Pasha (1429–1439) Çandarlı Halil Pasha (1439–1453) v t e Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire – Growth (1453–1606) Zagan Pasha (1453–1456) Veli Mahmud Pasha (1456–1466) Rum Mehmed Pasha (1466–1469) Ishak Pasha (1469–1472) Veli Mahmud Pasha (1472–1474) Gedik Ahmed Pasha (1474–1477) Karamani Mehmed Pasha (1477–1481) Ishak Pasha (1481–1482) Davud Pasha (1482–1497) Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (1497–1498) Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha (2nd) (1498–1499) Mesih Pasha (1499–1501) Hadim Ali Pasha (1501–1503) Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (1503–1506) Hadim Ali Pasha (1509–1511) Koca Mustafa Pasha (1511–1512) Dukakinzade Ahmed Pasha (1512–1515) Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha (1515–1516) Hadim Sinan Pasha (1516–1517) Yunus Pasha (1517) Piri Mehmed Pasha (1517) Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha (1523–1536) Ayas Mehmed Pasha (1536–1539) Lûtfi Pasha (1539–1541) Hadim Suleiman Pasha (1541–1544) Rüstem Pasha (1544–1553) Kara Ahmed Pasha (1553–1555) Rüstem Pasha (1555–1561) Semiz Ali Pasha (1561–1565) Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (1565–1579) Şemsi Pasha (1579–1580) Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha (1580) Koca Sinan Pasha (1580–1582) Siyavush Pasha (1582–1584) Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha (1584–1585) Hadim Mesih Pasha (1585–1586) Siyavush Pasha (1586–1589) Koca Sinan Pasha (1589–1591) Ferhad Pasha (1591–1592) Siyavush Pasha (1592–1593) Koca Sinan Pasha (1593–1595) Ferhad Pasha (1595) Lala Mehmed Pasha (1595) Koca Sinan Pasha (1595–1596) Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1596) Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha (1596) Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1596–1597) Hadim Hasan Pasha (1597–1598) Cerrah Mehmed Pasha (1598–1599) Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1599–1601) Yemişçi Hasan Pasha (1601–1603) Yavuz Ali Pasha (1603–1604) Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha (1604–1606) v t e Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire – Stagnation (1606–1699) Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1606) Kuyucu Murad Pasha (1606–1611) Nasuh Pasha (1611–1614) Kara Mehmed Pasha (1614–1616) Damat Halil Pasha (1616–1619) Kara Mehmed Pasha (1619–1619) Güzelce Ali Pasha (1619–1621) Ohrili Hüseyin Pasha (1621) Dilaver Pasha (1621–1622) Kara Davud Pasha (1622) Mere Hüseyin Pasha (1622) Lefkeli Mustafa Pasha (1622) Gürcü Hadim Mehmed Pasha (1622–1623) Mere Hüseyin Pasha (1623) Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha (1623–1624) Çerkes Mehmed Pasha (1624–1625) Filibeli Hafız Ahmed Pasha (1625–1626) Damat Halil Pasha (1626–1628) Gazi Ekrem Hüsrev Pasha (1628–1631) Hafiz Ahmed Pasha (1631–1632) Topal Recep Pasha (1632) Tabanıyassı Mehmed Pasha (1632–1637) Bayram Pasha (1637–1638) Tayyar Mehmed Pasha (1638) Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha (1638–1644) Civankapıcıbaşı Sultanzade Semiz Mehmed Pasha (1644–1645) Nevesinli Salih Pasha (1645–1647) Kara Musa Pasha (1647) Hezarpare Ahmed Pasha (1647–1648) Mevlevi Mehmed Pasha (1648–1649) Kara Dev Murad Pasha (1649–1650) Melek Ahmed Pasha (1650–1651) Siyavush Pasha (1651) Gürcü Mehmed Pasha (1651–1652) Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha (1652–1653) Bıyıklı Koca Derviş Mehmed Pasha (1653–1654) Ipşiri Mustafa Pasha (1654–1655) Kara Dev Murad Pasha (1655) Ermeni Süleyman Pasha (1655) Gazi Hüseyin Pasha (1656) Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha (1656) Siyavush Pasha (1656) Boynuyaralı Mehmed Pasha (1656) Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (1656–1661) Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha (1661–1676) Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha (1676–1683) ) Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha (1683–1685) Sarı Süleyman Pasha (1685–1687) Abaza Siyavuş Pasha (1687–1688) Ayaşlı İsmail Pasha (1688) Tekirdağlı Bekri Mustafa Pasha (1688–1689) Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha (1689–1691) Bahadırzade Arabacı Ali Pasha (1691–1692) Merzifonlu Çalık Hacı Ali Pasha (1692–1693) Bozoklu (Bıyıklı) Mustafa Pasha (1694) Sürmeli Ali Pasha (1694–1695) Elmas Mehmed Pasha (1695–1697) Köprülü Amcazade Hacı Hüseyin Pasha (1697–1702) v t e Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire – Decline (1699–1792) Daltaban Mustafa Pasha (1702–1703) Rami Mehmed Pasha (1703) Sührablı Kavanoz Nişancı Ahmed Pasha (1703) Moralı Damat Hasan Pasha (1703–1704) Kalaylıkoz Hacı Ahmed Pasha (1704) Baltaci Mehmed Pasha (1704–1706) Çorlulu Ali Pasha (1706–1710) Köprülü Numan Pasha (1710) Baltaci Mehmed Pasha (1710–1711) Gürcü Ağa Yusuf Pasha (1711–1712) Silahdar Süleyman Pasha (1712–1713) Kel Hoca Ibrahim Pasha (1713) Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha (1713–1716) Hacı Halil Pasha (1716–1717) Tevkii Nişancı Mehmed Pasha (1717–1718) Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1718–1730) Silahdar Damat Mehmed Pasha (1730–1731) Kabakulak Ibrahim Pasha (1731) Topal Osman Pasha (1731–1732) Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1732–1735) Gürcü Ismail Pasha (1735–1736) Silahdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha (1736–1737) Muhsinzade Abdullah Pasha (1737) Yeğen Mehmed Pasha (1737–1739) Hacı İvazzade Mehmed Pasha (1739–1740) Nişancı Ahmed Pasha (1740–1742) Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1742–1743) Seyyid Hasan Pasha (1743–1746) Tiryaki Hacı Mehmed Pasha (1746–1747) Boynueğri Seyyid Abdullah Pasha (1747–1750) Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha (1750–1752) Çorlulu Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (1752–1755) Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1755) Naili Abdullah Pasha (1755) Silahdar Bıyıklı Ali Pasha (1755) Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha (1755–1756) Çorlulu Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (1756–1757) Koca Ragıp Pasha (1757–1763) Tevkii Hamza Hamid Pasha (1763) Çorlulu Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (1763–1765) Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha (1765–1768) Silahdar Hamza Mahir Pasha (1768) Yağlıkçızade Nişancı Hacı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1768–1769) Moldovancı Ali Pasha (1769) Ivazzade Halil Pasha (1769–1770) Silahdar Mehmed Pasha (1770–1771) Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha (1771–1774) Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1774–1775) Moralı Derviş Mehmed Pasha (1775–1777) Darendeli Cebecizade Mehmed Pasha (1777–1778) Kalafat Mehmed Pasha (1778–1779) Silahdar Karavezir Seyyid Mehmed Pasha (1779–1781) Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1781–1782) Yeğen Hacı Mehmed Pasha (1782) Halil Hamid Pasha (1782–1785) Hazinedar Şahin Ali Pasha (1785–1786) Koca Yusuf Pasha (1786–1789) Kethüda Meyyit Hasan Pasha (1789) Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha (1789–1790) Çelebizade Şerif Hasan Pasha (1790–1791) Koca Yusuf Pasha (1791–1792) v t e Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire – Dissolution (1792–1922) Damad Melek Mehmed Pasha (1792–1794) Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1794–1798) Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (1798–1805) Hafiz Ismail Pasha (1805–1806) Ibrahim Hilmi Pasha (1806–1807) Çelebi Mustafa Pasha (1807–1808) Alemdar Mustafa Pasha (1808) Çavuşbaşı Memiş Pasha (1808–1809) Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (1809–1811) Laz Aziz Ahmed Pasha (1811–1812) Hursid Pasha (1812–1815) Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1815–1818) Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1818–1820) Seyyid Ali Pasha (1820–1821) Benderli Ali Pasha (1821) Hacı Salih Pasha (1821–1822) Deli Abdullah Pasha (1822–1823) Silahdar Ali Pasha (1823) Mehmed Said Galip Pasha (1823–1824) Mehmed Selim Pasha (1824–1828) Darendeli Mehmed Pasha (1828–1829) Reşid Mehmed Pasha (1829–1833) Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1833–1839) Husrev Pasha (1839–1840) Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1840–1841) Darendeli Mehmed Pasha (1841–1842) Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1842–1846) Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1846–1848) Ibrahim Sarim Pasha (1848) Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1848–1852) Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1852) Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1852) Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1852) Damad Mehmed Ali Pasha (1852–1853) Mustafa Naili Pasha (1853–1854) Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1854) Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1854–1855) Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1855–1856) Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1856–1857) Mustafa Naili Pasha (1857) Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1857–1858) Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1858–1859) Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1859) Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1859–1860) Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha (1860–1861) Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1861) Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1861–1866) Yusuf Kamil Pasha (1863) Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1863–1866) Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1866–1867) Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1866–1871) Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1871–1872) Midhat Pasha (1872) Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1872–1873) Ahmed Esad Pasha (1873) Şirvanlızade Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (1873–1874) Hüseyin Avni Pasha (1874–1875) Ahmed Esad Pasha (1875) Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1875–1876) Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1876–1876) Midhat Pasha (1876–1877) Ibrahim Edhem Pasha (1877–1878) Ahmed Hamdi Pasha (1878) Ahmed Vefik Pasha (1878) Mehmed Sadık Pasha (1878) Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1878) Saffet Pasha (1878) Hayreddin Pasha (1878–1879) Ahmed Arifi Pasha (1879) Mehmed Said Pasha (1879–1880) Kadri Pasha (1880) Mehmed Said Pasha (1880–1882) Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha (1882) Mehmed Said Pasha (1882) Ahmed Vefik Pasha (1882) Mehmed Said Pasha (1882–1885) Kâmil Pasha (1885–1891) Ahmed Cevat Pasha(1891–1895) Mehmed Said Pasha (1895) Kâmil Pasha (1895) Halil Rifat Pasha (1895–1901) Mehmed Said Pasha (1901–1903) Mehmed Ferid Pasha (1903–1908) Mehmed Said Pasha (1908) Kâmil Pasha (1908–1909) * Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (1909) Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1909) Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (1909–1910) Ibrahim Hakki Pasha (1910–1911) Mehmed Said Pasha (1911–1912) Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha (1912) Kâmil Pasha (1912–1913) Mahmud Shevket Pasha (1913) Said Halim Pasha (1913–1917) Mehmed Talat Pasha (1917–1918) Ahmed Izzet Pasha (1918) Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1918–1919) Damad Ferid Pasha (1919) Ali Riza Pasha (1919–1920) Salih Hulusi Pasha (1920) Damad Ferid Pasha (1920) Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1920–1922)

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