David Astor

Name	David Astor
Birthname	Francis David Langhorne Astor
Birth date	March 05, 1912
Birth place	London, England, UK
Death date	December 07, 2001
Death place	London, England
Education	Balliol College, Oxford
Occupation	Editor
Spouse	(1) Melanie Hauser (1945-1951) (2) Bridget Aphra Wreford (1952-2001)
Children	Frances Christine Langhorne Alice Margaret Frances Richard David Langhorne Lucy Aphra Nancy Nancy Bridget Elizabeth Thomas Robert Langhorne

Francis David Langhorne Astor CH (5 March 1912, London – 7 December 2001, London) was an English newspaper publisher and member of the prominent Astor family.

Early life and education

David Astor was the third child of American-born parents, Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor (1879–1952) and Nancy Witcher Langhorne (1879–1964). The product of an immensely wealthy business dynasty, and raised in the grandeur of a great country estate where the political and intellectual elite of the time gathered, he nevertheless had an instinctive compassion for the poor and those who were the victims of destructive socioeconomic policies.

An extremely shy man, David Astor was greatly influenced by his father but as a young man he rebelled against his strong-willed mother. Educated at Eton College he went on to Oxford University where he suffered a nervous breakdown and left in 1933 without obtaining a degree. He was psychoanalysed by Anna Freud and during World War II he served with distinction and was wounded in France.

Early career

While at Balliol College, Oxford in 1931, he met a young anti-fascist German, named Adam von Trott zu Solz, who was to become the most influential figure in his life. Von Trott's involvement in the 1944 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler led to his execution. In 1936, Astor joined the Yorkshire Post newspaper where he worked for a year then joined his father's newspaper, The Observer where he would serve as editor for 27 years. With his father's advancing age, and high inheritance taxes in England, in 1945 David Astor and his brother transferred ownership of the paper to a board of trustees. The trust contained restrictions so that the paper could not be subject to a hostile takeover but also stipulated that its profits go towards improving the newspaper, promoting high journalistic standards, and required a portion of the profits to be donated to charitable causes.

Later life

By the mid 1950s, David Astor had made The Observer a successful and influential paper that published points of view from the right and left. Astor's policies were passionate about the plight of black Africans and the violation of human rights. He wrote against the death penalty and opposed all censorship. But, he took a more conservative view on the economic problems caused by high taxes and believed British trades unions had become too powerful and were hindering economic progress. He warned of the dangers of big government and of big business, influenced by his friend and employee of The Observer, George Orwell.

In 1956, David Astor and his newspaper came under fire when it accused Prime Minister Anthony Eden of lying to the people about important matters in Suez Crisis. Although he ultimately was shown to have been right, the situation harmed the paper's image and its circulation began to decline. Astor's causes included playing a main role in establishing Amnesty International in 1961 after his paper published "The Forgotten Prisoners" by Peter Benenson. He also voiced strong opposition to the apartheid policy of the white South African government and supported the African National Congress (ANC). Nelson Mandela would refer to Astor as one of the best and most loyal of friends who had supported the ANC when other newspapers ignored them.

Despite his great wealth, David Astor lived modestly, putting his money to good use through a network of benefactions and charities. Although he proved a brilliant editor, he lacked the drive for profits like other newcomers to the business who took advantage to increase rapidly both their advertising and circulation at the expense of The Observer. When The Daily Telegraph launched a Sunday edition in 1961 it changed what had been a staid industry and the ensuing battles for advertising changed the character of how and what newspapers were all about. The aggressive marketing by The Sunday Times under Canadian newspaper tycoon Roy Thomson hurt circulation while the paper's unions were making repeated demands that drove costs to a point where the operation became an unsustainable business.

In 1975, Astor resigned as editor of The Observer but continued as a trustee. In 1977 the paper was sold by his family to Robert O. Anderson, the American owner of the Atlantic Richfield Oil Company. In his retirement, Astor continued to support a number of charities and to finance pressure groups for causes that he strongly believed in. For his contributions to British society, he was made a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in 1994.

Astor is buried in All Saints' Churchyard, Sutton Courtenay, Oxfordshire, in the grave next to his friend George Orwell.

Marriages

# Melanie Hauser (1945–1951), one child #* Frances Christine Langhorne (b. 1947) # Bridget Aphra Wreford (1952–2001), five children: #* Alice Margaret Frances (b. 1953) #* Richard David Langhorne (b. 1955) #* Lucy Aphra Nancy (b. 1958) #* Nancy Bridget Elizabeth (b. 1960) #* Thomas Robert Langhorne (b. 1962)

Bibliography

David Astor and The Observer by Richard Cockett. Has endpapers that are facsimiles of The Observer newspaper, with other black and white photographic plates of personnel linked to newspaper. 294 pages with an index.

Footnotes

Category:1912 births Category:British people of German descent Category:2001 deaths Category:Astor family Category:British newspaper editors Category:Old Etonians Category:Old West Downs Category:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour Category:Newspaper publishers (people) Category:People from Sutton Courtenay Category:Younger sons of viscounts