Diane Duane (right) and Charles Stross in Dublin

Diane Duane (born May 18, 1952) is an American science fiction and fantasy author. Her works include the Young Wizards young adult fantasy series and the Rihannsu Star Trek novels.

Biography[link]

Born in New York City, she grew up in Roosevelt, Long Island. After school, she studied nursing and practiced as a psychiatric nurse for two years until 1976, when she moved to California and worked as an assistant to David Gerrold. Her first novel was published by Dell Books in 1979; Gerrold wrote an "overture" to that novel, on the grounds that he'd rather be making overtures than introductions to Duane.^[1] She subsequently worked as a freelance writer. In 1981 she moved to Pennsylvania. She married Northern Irish author Peter Morwood in 1987; they moved to the United Kingdom and then to Ireland, where she resides in County Wicklow.^[2]

Bibliography[link]

Young Wizards[link]

1. So You Want to be a Wizard. Delacorte. 1983. ISBN 0-15-204738-7. 
2. Deep Wizardry. Delacorte. 1985. ISBN 0-15-216257-7. 
3. High Wizardry. Corgi. 1990. ISBN 0-15-216244-5. 
4. A Wizard Abroad. Corgi. 1993. ISBN 0-15-216238-0. 
5. The Wizard's Dilemma. Harcourt. 2001. ISBN 0-15-202551-0. 
6. A Wizard Alone. 2002. ISBN 0-15-204562-7. 
7. Wizard's Holiday. 2003. ISBN 0-15-204771-9. 
8. Wizards at War. 2005. ISBN 0-15-204772-7. 
9. A Wizard of Mars. Harcourt. April 2010. ISBN 0-15-205449-9. 

A short story within the same universe, "Uptown Local", has also been published as part of Jane Yolen's Dragons and Dreams anthology, and a mp3 of Duane reading it is freely available from her website. It also appears in the twentieth anniversary edition of So You Want to be a Wizard.

In February 2011, Diane Duane announced she would be releasing new versions of the first 4 books in the series.^[3] She will be updating the technology used in the books, fixing some of the time line issues within the series, and overall making the series more appealing to the young adult reader of today. The first of the series will be available on or around June 21, 2011 in ebook format, through the Diane Duane ebooks store, with eventual distribution at other outlets.^[4] The next 3 books will follow over July and August 2011. The new books are planned to have new ISBN numbers,^[5] with the publisher switching to the revised editions with new covers around the time the next book in the series is released.

Feline Wizards[link]

The series focuses on cat-wizards, who maintain the worldgates that wizards use for travel between the sheaf of canonical universes. They take place in the same setting as the Young Wizards novels.

1. Book of Night With Moon. 1997. ISBN 0-340-69329-0. 
2. To Visit the Queen. 1998. ISBN 0-446-67318-8.  (Published in the UK as On Her Majesty's Wizardly Service. 1998. ISBN 0-340-69330-4. )
3. The Big Meow. 2011. 

The Big Meow[link]

In December 2005, Duane proposed to her fans that they fund a third novel in the series, The Big Meow.^[6] After funding the project via whole-book subscriptions, per-chapter threshold pledges,^[7] merchandising,^[8][9] "put something in the kitty" donations,^[10] and $2,900 in challenge grants,^{[11][12][13][14]} Duane wrote, over a span of two and a half years, seven of the book's 13 chapters. No new chapters were published between July 2008 and February 2011, but on February 2, 2011, Duane announced the project's completion^[15] and posted the remaining chapters for subscribers between then and the 15th.^[16]

Adult Wizards[link]

Books about adult wizards set in the same universe of the Young Wizards series.

• "Theobroma" featured in Wizards, Inc. (November 2007) [1]

Alternate Universes[link]

The Young Wizards universe contains canonical alternate universes (So You Want to Be a Wizard and To Visit the Queen are good examples: the protagonists travel to alternate universes to solve problems there).

• Stealing the Elf-King's Roses (ISBN 0-446-60983-8) is set in a sheaf of universes originally mentioned^{[page needed]} in Nita's studies in So You Want To Be A Wizard.

The Middle Kingdoms[link]

Also known as the Tale of the Five, this high fantasy series has been awaiting completion since 1992. The books center on some of the same themes as her better-known Young Wizards series; those who wield the Blue Fire have many of the same responsibilities as the wizards and fight the same battle against entropy. In So You Want to Be a Wizard Nita's wizardry manual is written by "Hearnssen", a reference to the protagonist of The Door Into Fire, Herewiss s'Hearn (son of Hearn), so it may be that the Middle Kingdoms are part of the same sheaf of universes as the Young Wizards setting. Adding to this, one interdimensional portal in The Door into Fire appears to open over New York City. Unlike Duane's children's books, however, the Tale of the Five series deals openly with issues of alternative sexuality. Within the Middle Kingdoms, bisexuality and group marriage are the norm. Duane is working on the final volume. The Door into Fire and The Door into Shadow have an omnibus reprint called Tale of Five: The Sword and the Dragon. (ISBN 978-1892065513)

1. The Door into Fire (1979)
2. The Door into Shadow (1984)
3. The Door into Sunset (1992)
4. The Door into Starlight (to be written)

Several short stories are set in the Middle Kingdoms: Parting Gifts (1981) and its prequel The Span (1999) featuring Sirronde; Duane plans to write a middle novella and publish the three together as Sirronde's World.^[17] Lior and the Sea (1985) is set in the world of the Middle Kingdoms, but not concerning any of the characters in the novels.

Star Trek[link]

She has also written a number of Star Trek novels:

• Original Series
  1. The Wounded Sky. #13. 1983. 
  2. Spock's World. 1988. 
  3. Doctor's Orders. #50. 1990. 
  4. Sand and Stars. 2004. ISBN 0-7434-9658-2.  (omnibus, containing Spock's World and A. C. Crispin's Sarek)
  • Rihannsu
    1. My Enemy, My Ally. #18. 1984. 
    2. The Romulan Way. #35. 1987.  (co-written with husband Peter Morwood)
    3. Swordhunt. #95. 2000. ISBN 0-671-04209-2. 
    4. Honor Blade. #96. 2000. ISBN 0-671-04210-6. 
    5. The Empty Chair. 2006. ISBN 1-4165-0891-0. 
    6. Rihannsu: The Bloodwing Voyages. 2006. ISBN 1-4165-2577-7.  An omnibus of the first four Rihannsu novels, containing minor tweaks for consistency and reediting Swordhunt and Honor Blade into the originally-intended single novel.
• Next Generation
  1. Dark Mirror. 1993. ISBN 0-671-79377-2. 
  2. Intellivore. #45. 1997. ISBN 0-671-56832-9. 

Duane also shares story credit on the TNG episode "Where No One Has Gone Before" with Michael Reaves.

Harbinger[link]

The Harbinger Trilogy, published by Wizards of the Coast, is set in the Star*Drive universe. While Duane is not the only author to write for this universe, she was the first.

1. Starrise at Corrivale. October 1998. ISBN 0-7869-1179-4. 
2. Storm at Eldala. March 1999. ISBN 0-7869-1334-7. 
3. Nightfall at Algemron. April 2000. ISBN 0-7869-1563-3. 

Spider-Man[link]

Duane wrote a trilogy of Spider-Man novels, The Venom Factor, for Byron-Preiss Multimedia from 1994 to 1998. The trilogy was composed of:

1. The Venom Factor. ISBN 1-57297-038-3. 
2. The Lizard Sanction. ISBN 1-57297-148-7. 
3. The Octopus Agenda. ISBN 1-57297-279-3. 

Guardians of the Three[link]

2. Keeper of the City. 1989.  (written with Peter Morwood)

SeaQuest DSV[link]

• SeaQuest DSV: The Novel. ISBN 1-85798-205-3. 

Space Cops[link]

(written with Peter Morwood)

1. Mindblast. Avon Books. June 1991. ISBN 0-380-75852-0. 
2. Kill Station. Avon Books. January 1992. ISBN 0-380-75854-7. 
3. High Moon. Avon Books. May 1992. ISBN 0-380-75855-5. 

X-COM[link]

• UFO Defense. 1995. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/0-7615-0235-2|0-7615-0235-2]]. 

X-Men[link]

• Empire's End. 1995. ISBN 0-7615-0235-1. 

Net Force[link]

Co-authored with Tom Clancy and Steve Pieczenik

1. Virtual Vandals
3. One Is the Loneliest Number
6. End Game
10. Safe House
13. Deathworld
16. Runaways
18. Death Match

Omnitopia[link]

1. Omnitopia Dawn. DAW Hardcover. 2010. ISBN 978-0-7564-0623-3. 

Short Stories[link]

• "Parting Gifts" featured in Flashing Swords! #5: Demons and Daggers (1981), and released for free on her website as part of International Pixel-Stained Technopeasant Day
• "Lior and the Sea" featured in Moonsinger's Friends (1986)
• "Apparitions" featured in The Further Adventures of Superman (1993)
• "The Dovrefell Cat" featured in Xanadu 2 (1995)
• "Don't Put That in Your Mouth, You Don't Know Where It's Been" featured in Don't Forget Your Space Suit, Dear (1996)
• "Recensions" featured in Amazing Magazine (1998)
• "Blank Check" in On Crusade: More Tales of the Knights Templar (1998)
• "1-900-nodream" featured in Perchance to Dream (2000)
• "Night Whispers" featured in Star Trek: Enterprise Logs (2000)
• "Herself" featured in "Emerald Magic" (2004)
• "The Fix" (2006)
• "Goths and Robbers" featured in the Doctor Who anthology Short Trips: The Quality of Leadership (2008)
• "The House" featured in Witch High (2008)^[18]

Comics[link]

• "Ill Wind", five part graphic novel/miniseries for STAR TREK: THE NEXT GENERATION, DC Comics, New York: Autumn 1995-Spring 1996.
• "The Tale of Prince Ivan the Not-Too-Experienced", six-part comic script for THE DREAMERY, Epic Comics, December 1987 through August 1988.
• "The Last Word", STAR TREK #28: single-issue comic script for DC Comics, NYC, April 1986.
• "Double Blind", STAR TREK #24-25: two-part (comedy) comic script for DC Comics, NYC, Jan/Feb 1986.
• "The Misadventures of Prince Ivan." About Comics. February 2011. ISBN 978-1-936404-01-8.^[19]

Other prose works[link]

Duane has recently made available in various e-formats a previously unpublished book which was sold to at least two European publishers, but never actually brought out due to internal restructuring at one publishing house (Corgi) and the sale of another (Heyne Verlag). The novel, A Wind from the South, is the first of a projected trilogy telling the story of a young girl born in the 11th century in a remote region of the Alps. This girl slowly discovers that she is the intended physical avatar of an exiled Roman goddess, while (as she grows) she becomes caught up in the political turmoil of William Tell's time.

Duane was also responsible for a novelization of X-COM: UFO Defense, and for prose adaptations of several scripts from The Outer Limits. She has also written numerous short stories, about equally divided between fantasy and science fiction, which have appeared in various anthologies and collections over the last twenty years.

Screen works: film and television[link]

Duane has worked in television since the early 1980s, initially becoming involved in script work at the Hanna-Barbera animation studio (now Cartoon Network). After writing numerous scripts for such series as Scooby and Scrappy-Doo, Captain Caveman, Space Stars, Fonz and the Happy Days Gang, Biskitts, and Laverne and Shirley in the Army, she moved on to work in development and serve as a staff writer at Filmation, and in 1985 was hired to story-edit the DiC animated series Dinosaucers. During this period she also wrote scripts for Sunbow Productions (Glo Friends, Transformers, and My Little Pony) and Walt Disney Productions (Duck Tales). In 1986, she co-wrote (with Michael Reaves) the script of one of the earliest episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation, "Where No One Has Gone Before".

In the early 1990s Duane was brought on board as the head writer on the BBC Television educational series Science Challenge. Shortly thereafter she co-wrote (with her husband) scripts for Batman: The Animated Series and for Gargoyles. She also wrote the screenplay for the 1996 space adventure game Privateer 2 - The Darkening, which starred Clive Owen, Christopher Walken, Jürgen Prochnow and Mathilda May. Other screen work from that period includes the screenplay for the Space Island One episode "Not In My Back Yard" (1998–1999).

In 2003, after doing nearly four years' development work with the production company Tandem Communications of Munich, Germany, Duane and Peter Morwood co-wrote the script for the German TV miniseries Die Nibelungen. The miniseries aired in Germany on the Sat.1 network in late November 2004, and a feature version (titled Sword of Xanten) screened in the UK in December 2004. A "megafeature" cut of the entire miniseries was aired on Channel Four television in the UK in December 2005. The miniseries aired on the Sci-Fi Channel in the US in late March 2006 under the title Dark Kingdom: The Dragon King. The miniseries has also been released on DVD in the US and numerous other markets, under various titles (the previous US title was Curse of the Ring).

Duane was also a co-author of the Barbie movie Barbie: Fairytopia.^[20]

An adaptation of So You Want to be a Wizard is currently in the works.^{[citation needed]}

Awards[link]

• "Midnight Snack" (Cassette version): Award for Excellence in Education from Media & Methods Magazine, 1987.
• The Door Into Fire: Two-time John W. Campbell Award nominee for best new writer.
• "Young Wizards" series: special commendation in the Anne Spencer Lindbergh Prize in Children's Literature, 2003.^[21]
• Wizard's Dilemma: Mythopoeic award nominee, 2002.^[22]
• Wizards at War: Mythopoeic award nominee, 2006.^[22]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Weblog, mirrored by the author on LiveJournal
• Diane Duane on Twitter
• Diane Duane at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• Diane Duane at the Internet Movie Database
• Diane Duane at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek wiki)
• Bibliography at SciFan
• Universe-Specific Sites:
  • Young Wizards
    • Young Wizards.com, interactive website and discussion forums
    • The Errantry Concordance, a wiki-format encyclopedia-in-progress of the Young Wizards universe
    • WizCast (podcast RSS feed )
  • Feline Wizards 3: The Big Meow, home to the online novel The Big Meow
  • Raetian Tales: A Wind from the South, home to the first "Raetian Tales" novel, A Wind from the South

Peter Morwood (born October 20, 1956) is primarily a fantasy novelist and screenwriter, though he has also written works of science fiction. His best-known works include the Horse Lords series (in two sequences) and the Tales of Old Russia series.

Biography[link]

Morwood was born Robert Peter Smyth in Lisburn, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, and lived there for more than thirty years. From 1969 to 1975 he attended Friends School Lisburn, a Quaker-operated primary and middle school, and then Queen's University in Belfast, where he studied English literature and acquired an honors Bachelors degree with an emphasis on middle-English poets such as Chaucer. During this period Morwood also took pilot training as a cadet pilot with the Queen's University Student Air Squadron of the Royal Air Force; though budgetary considerations (on the Air Force's side) forced Morwood to make a choice between his degree studies and his further studies as a pilot. He chose to continue his work in English literature, and subsequently resigned his commission.

After graduation from university in 1979, Morwood took a position in the UK's Civil Service as a clerk working for the Customs and Excise. During this period he began work on his first novel, which he submitted and sold in 1982. He adopted the pen name "Peter Morwood" in honor of his mother, whose maiden name was Morwood. (He legally changed his surname to match the pen name in the mid-1980s.) His second and third novels were published in 1984 and 1986.

At a science fiction convention in Glasgow, Scotland in 1985, Morwood was introduced by author Anne McCaffrey to his future wife, the fantasist and science fiction writer Diane Duane. After several more meetings and a brief courtship, Morwood asked Duane to marry him, and they celebrated their engagement at the World Science Fiction Convention in Atlanta, Georgia. Morwood then returned to Northern Ireland to complete his term of employment in the Civil Service, and resigned his post in December 1986. Shortly thereafter he relocated to Los Angeles, California, where Duane was working for the animation studio DiC. They were married at the New England regional science fiction convention, Boskone, on February 15, 1987. Later in 1987, Morwood and Duane relocated briefly to Scotland, and then, after a short period spent roving the United Kingdom, to County Wicklow in Ireland, where the two of them currently reside.

Bibliography[link]

[edit] The Book of Years and Clan Wars sequences

These two sequences of books center on a feudal-style realm called Alba and the struggles of various clans for its domination. The first sequence is told from the point of view of Aldric Talvalin, scion of a warrior clan of Alba, who is unwillingly drawn into the bloody intrigues of Alban politics and the machinations of the Drusalan Empire, including its power-behind-the-throne, the evilly scheming and sorcerous Commander Voord.

• The Horse Lord (ISBN 0-88677-178-1)
• The Demon Lord (ISBN 0-88677-204-4)
• The Dragon Lord (ISBN 0-88677-252-4)
• The Warlord's Domain (ISBN 0-88677-458-6)

A fifth book (tentatively titled The Shadow Lord) and a sixth (title as yet indeterminate) are projected.

The four Horse Lords novels have recently been reissued by DAW Books in a pair of two-book omnibus volumes:

• The Book Of Years, Volume 1 (ISBN 0-7564-0306-5)
• The Book Of Years, Volume 2 (ISBN 0-7564-0307-3)

In Volume 2, the novel previously published as The Warlord's Domain has been restored to its intended title, The War Lord.

The Clan Wars sequence is (so far) a pair of prequels, telling the story of how the Clan Lords (including Aldric Talvalin's remote ancestors) invaded the land of Alba, settled it, and eventually came to dominate it.

• Greylady (ISBN 0-09-926161-8)
• Widowmaker (ISBN 0-09-931241-7)

A third volume (tentatively titled Cradlesong) is projected.

[edit] Tales of Old Russia

This series, densely interwoven with motifs from Russian folktale and legend, tells the story of the young tsar Ivan Khorlovskiy, heir to the throne of the city of Khorlov. Complications instantly ensue when he meets, on a battlefield full of the slain, the sorceress-tsarevna Marya Morevna, "the most beautiful princess in all the Russias", and becomes involved willy-nilly in her entanglement with the ancient and deadly being known as Koschei the Undying. The series goes on to deal humorously with the difficulties of a "two-kingdom household", especially when one partner is both a skilled sorcerer and the mother of one's (rather unusual) children, and -- more seriously -- with the political problems that can beset a small independent tsardom in the face of such threats as the Teutonic Knights and the Golden Horde of the Great Khan.

• Prince Ivan (1990)
• Firebird (1992)
• The Golden Horde (1993)

A fourth volume, The Blue Kremlin, is projected.

Star Trek[link]

Morwood has written one solo Star Trek novel:

• Star Trek: The Original Series #48: Rules of Engagement

He has also collaborated on one with Diane Duane (this novel was written during their honeymoon):

• Star Trek: TOS: Rihannsu #2: The Romulan Way

Other prose works[link]

Morwood has occasionally collaborated with Diane Duane on other novels, primarily in "licensed" universes or shared-world scenarios. These include:

The Space Cops sequence:

1. Mindblast
2. Kill Station
3. High Moon

Others:

1. Keeper of the City
2. SeaQuest DSV

Screen works[link]

Morwood has written various animated scripts, often in collaboration with his wife. These include:

1. Gargoyles: The Hound of Ulster
2. Gargoyles: Ill Met by Moonlight
3. Batman, the Animated Series: Red Claw Rising

In 1999, Morwood began development work along with Duane on a live-action retelling of one of the great German epics, the Nibelungenlied. The script they wrote between late 2002 and mid-2003 was produced as a miniseries for the German satellite network Sat.1 by Tandem Communications of Munich, in association with Sony/Columbia Pictures. Directed by Uli Edel, the miniseries, under the title Die Nibelungen, won a DIVA Award for best German movie-for-TV of 2004. A feature version, entitled Sword of Xanten in the UK, screened there late in 2004; a "megafeature" cut of the entire miniseries aired on Channel Four television in the UK in December 2005.

The miniseries had its premiere USA airing on the Sci-Fi Channel in late March 2006 under the title Dark Kingdom: The Dragon King. It has also been released on DVD in the US and many other markets, under various titles (the previous US title is Curse of the Ring.)

External links[link]

• Peter Morwood at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• Bibliography at SciFan
• PeterMorwood.com

3-2-1 Contact is an American science educational television show that aired on PBS from 1980 to 1988, and an adjoining children's magazine. The show, a production of the Children's Television Workshop, teaches scientific principles and their applications. Dr. Edward G. Atkins, who was responsible for much of the scientific content of the show, felt that the TV program wouldn't replace a classroom but would open the viewers to ask questions about the scientific purpose of things.^[1]

History[link]

3-2-1 Contact was the brainchild of Samuel Y. Gibbon, Jr., who had been the executive producer of The Electric Company for CTW from 1971 to 1977. (Gibbon actually left CTW before Contact's production began, though he was still credited as "Senior Consultant.")

The first season of 65 programs began airing January 14, 1980 on select PBS member stations; it featured a cast of three college students who discussed science in an on-campus room known as the Workshop. The first season came to an end on April 11, 1980, but funds for more episodes were not sufficient until 1982.

When production resumed for the second season, which premiered on October 17, 1983, the show presented a more realistic appearance, as the new cast convened in a suburban basement (these segments were shot at Reeves Teletape, which also housed Sesame Street at the time). This cast continued until October 18, 1985. Ozzie Alfonso was Contact's new director and Al Hyslop its executive producer.

When the fifth season began on September 22, 1986, a third cast was introduced. However, unlike the previous casts, they did not meet in any specific setting; instead, they appeared in various taped and filmed segments. Episodes continued to be produced through November 1988.

For a time in the mid-1980s, the program was co-produced with the French television network FR3 and featured several new French cast members in addition to the American cast. From 1982 to 1983 the program was aired in Spain with dubbed-over versions of the American original broadcasts, and some local add-ons with four Spanish cast members: Sonia Martínez, Luis Bollain, Fernando Rueda and Marifé Rodríguez.^[2] Another Spanish version of the broadcast was aired from 1990 to 1992.

From September 1, 1991 until May 1, 1992, an edited version of the series titled 3-2-1 Classroom Contact was produced, specifically for in-school viewing.

It was reported in 1984 that 3-2-1 Contact had an audience of over 7 million viewers and was broadcast in 26 countries including West Germany, France, Italy and Spain making their own dubbed-over versions.^[1]

Broadcasters wanted the children to record the episodes without being afraid of infringement of copyright violations.^[1]

Hosts[link]

The Bloodhound Gang[link]

A frequent segment of the show was The Bloodhound Gang, a series about a group of young detectives who used science to solve crimes. Episodes of the series needed to be run in regular sequence for understandable viewing, as many Bloodhound Gang mysteries were cut among two or three Contact episodes.

The magazine[link]

Three months before the show premiered, a print magazine of the same name that also focused on science was released. In 1985, the magazine absorbed some of the content of sibling publication Enter (which went out of print that same year), including reader submissions of computer programs written in the BASIC computer language as well as reviews of popular computer programs. A new feature called "The Slipped Disk Show" appeared in mid-1985, starring a fictional disc jockey who answered computer-related questions submitted by readers.

Beginning in 1987, the magazine also featured content from another CTW production, Square One Television. Such content frequently took the form of a two-page comic strip, often parodying a popular show or movie of the time, with a math-related question at the end.

The Bloodhound Gang mysteries also made the leap to the magazine, but they were subsequently replaced with a series entitled The Time Team in September 1990. These stories found teenage characters Sean Nolan and Jenny Lopez traveling to different time periods in the past and future. Their surroundings and personal encounters were described with great detail, educating readers as to the customs of various cultures throughout history, and – on trips to the future – often pushing present day hot-button issues. For example, a 1993 story saw the duo traveling to what appeared to be a prehistoric forest, but near the end, they found a Brazil flag, a newspaper clipping from 1995, and a bulldozer at work: this was in fact a Brazilian rainforest being levelled.

In 1996, The Time Team was replaced by a comic serial, Cosmic Crew, which focused on the adventures of a group of teenagers and their robot butler in space. Their first story arc (which ran for more than a year) had them trying to figure out a series of riddles relating to places in the solar system in order to claim a treasure (which turned out to be a scholarship fund). Another story arc had a delinquent (who had been a villain in the first arc) join them in order to chase down a gang of other delinquents. Despite being effectively replaced, a few Time Team stories were run whenever there were gaps between installments of Cosmic Crew.

Many of the magazine's cover stories involved current events, such as 1990s oil fires in the Middle East. In addition, the magazine offered a games section in which most of the games were related to the stories in the issue.

In 1996, CTW presumably concluded that faithful readers from the late 1980s and early 1990s had long since moved on, and the magazine began to reprint non-time-sensitive stories from years past. For example, a 1991 article on the geography of the Galápagos Islands – a relatively unchanging subject – could very well re-appear in an identical format a half a decade later.

Under Sesame Workshop the magazine later became Contact Kids, removing the original reference to the television show. Production of the magazine was suspended indefinitely in 2001.

After production[link]

Though the show went off the air in 1988, it appeared in reruns from 1999 to 2003 on the cable television network Noggin, then a joint venture of CTW and Nickelodeon. Occasionally, shows were also rerun on Nickelodeon's Cable in the Classroom time period. For all these Nickelodeon and Noggin airings, the series was rated TV-Y7 (possibly due to the target audience). It also still aired on some PBS stations as reruns from 1989 to 1998 before it was switched to Noggin in 1999. As of 2003, Noggin no longer airs any shows produced by Sesame Workshop. The shows were modified for the shorter running time on these networks to allow for their interstitials.

Sources of funding[link]

Funding for 3-2-1 Contact was provided by the following:^[3]

• National Science Foundation (January 14, 1980–November 18, 1988)
• United States Department of Education (January 14, 1980–November 18, 1988)
• Corporation for Public Broadcasting (January 14, 1980–November 18, 1988)
• Andrew W. Mellon Foundation (January 14, 1980–November 18, 1988)
• IBM Corporation (January 14, 1980–November 18, 1988)
• Carnegie Corporation of New York (October 31, 1983-November 18, 1988)

Five sponsors funded the show for its entire run. They were originally supposed to fund for 20 new episodes until 1989.^[1]

References[link]

External links[link]

• 3-2-1 Contact at the Internet Movie Database
• 3-2-1 Contact at TV.com