An astrarium, also called a planetarium, is the mechanical representation of the cyclic nature of astronomical objects in one timepiece. It is an astronomical clock.

History[link]

Greek and Roman World[link]

The Antikythera mechanism (main fragment)

The first astraria were mechanical devices. Archimedes is said to have used a primitive version that could predict the positions of the sun, the moon, and the planets. On May 17, 1902, an archeologist named Valerios Stais discovered a lump of oxidated material with in it a mechanism with cogwheels that had been recovered from a shipwreck near Antikythera. This mechanism, known as the Antikythera mechanism, was recently redated between [150 to 100 BC][1]. Extensive study of the fragments, using X-rays, have revealed enough details (gears, pinions, crank) to enable researchers to build partial replicas [2], [3][4]. Engraved on the major gears are the names of the planets (such as Venus), which leaves little doubt as to the intended use of the mechanism.

However, before the end of the Roman Empire, the know-how and science behind this piece of clockwork would be lost.

Middle Ages and Renaissance[link]

The first documented astrarium clock was completed in 1364 by Giovanni de' Dondi (1318–1388), a scholar and physician of the Middle Ages interested in astronomy and horology. The original clock, consisting of 107 wheels and pinions, was lost, perhaps during the sacking of Mantua in 1630, but de' Dondi left detailed descriptions which have survived, enabling the reconstruction of the clock. It displays the mean time, sidereal, or star, time and the motions of the sun, moon and the five then known planets Venus, Mars, Saturn, Mercury, and Jupiter. It was conceived according to a Ptolemaic conception of the solar system. De' Dondi was inspired by his father Jacopo who had designed the astronomical clock in the Piazzi dei Signori, Padua, in 1344 - one of the first of its type.

In later ages more astraria were built. A famous example is the one built in 1774 by Eise Eisinga from Dronrijp, Friesland, the Netherlands. It displayed all the planets and was fixed to the ceiling in a house in Franeker where it can still be visited.

In modern time the astrarium grew into a tourist attraction as a commercially exploited planetarium showing in IMAX the history of the universe and other astronomical phenomena.

See also[link]

• Astronomical clock
• Planetarium
• Orrery

External links[link]

• Annosphere An electro-mechanical model of the earth/sun relationship.
• Science and Society Picture Library: - a picture of De Dondi’s "Astrarium", the world’s first astronomical clock, 1364.
• de Dondi's Astrarium Hi-Tech, 14th Century style
• Het Eise Eisinga Planetarium
• Solar tempometer An astrarium clock running to the sun.

Literature[link]

• Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio - "Tractatus astarii"

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Leon Bolier (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈle.joʊ̯n boʊ̯.ˈliːr]; born 1980) is a Dutch classically trained trance composer, DJ, and record producer. His career began to flourish in 2008 with a number of successful song releases including the hit song "Ocean Drive Boulevard". He placed #95 on DJMag's 2008 list of the top 100 DJ's in the world, and moved up 32 places in 2009,^[1] and rests at #68 in 2010. He has had his songs played by top DJs like Tiësto and Armin van Buuren^[2] as well as his tracks appearing on famous trance compilations such as In Search of Sunrise 4: Latin America and A State of Trance 2006. His latest album, Phantasma, was released on August 30, 2010.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• 2008: Pictures
• 2010: Phantasma

Singles/EPs[link]

• 2012: "Me"
• 2012: "You"
• 2011: "The Peacemaker"
• 2011: "The Lovemaker"
• 2011: "Vengeance Vengeance"
• 2011: "Absolut" (with Joop)
• 2011: "Ost Kaas" (with Marcus Schossow)
• 2011: "Cape Town"
• 2010: "Elysian Fields"
• 2010: "Saturn" (with W&W)
• 2010: "By Your Side (I Will Be There)" (feat. Fisher)
• 2010: "That Morning"
• 2010: "Dark Star" (with Sied van Riel)
• 2010: "2099" (with Marcus Schossow)
• 2010: "Shimamoto"
• 2009: "NSFW"
• 2009: "Medellin"
• 2009: "Lunar Diamond"
• 2009: "Seraphic"
• 2009: "Last Light Tonight" (with Menno De Jong)
• 2009: "This" (feat. Floria Ambra)
• 2009: "Wet Dream" (with Galen Behr)
• 2009: "Thug & Sofa Cure"
• 2008: "YE"
• 2008: "XD"
• 2008: "The Night Is Young"
• 2008: "One / Two"
• 2008: "Ocean Drive Boulevard"
• 2008: "Malibeer / With The Flame In The Pipe"
• 2008: "I Finally Found" (feat. Simon Binkenborn)
• 2008: "Hold On"
• 2008: "Deep Red"
• 2007: "Summernight Confessions"
• 2006: "No Need To Come Back" (feat. Elsa Hill)

Remixes[link]

• 2011: Raphinha Bartel - Double Evidence (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2009: Aly & Fila - "Khepera" (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2009: Cliff Coenraad - "Gone South" (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2009: Push - Global Age (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2009: Arnej - "Dust In The Wind" (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2009: W&W - "The Plan" (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2009: Breakfast - Air Guitar (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2008: Karl G feat. Vicky Fee - Repeat Again (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2008: Airbase - "The Road Not Taken" (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2008: Leon Bolier vs. Kamaya Painters - Endless Ocean Wave (Leon Bolier Mash-Up)
• 2008: Embrace - "Embrace" (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2008: Seth Hutton feat. Judie Tzuke - Don't Look Behind You (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2008: Jamaster A - Cicada (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2007: Carlos - Alanda (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2007: Joop - The Future (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2007: Kenneth Thomas - Soleil Noir (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2007: Joop - Prominent (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2007: Dave202 - Torrent (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2007: Evil Robot - Just Go! (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2007: Activa - Genetic (Leon Bolier vs Joop Remix)
• 2007: Stephen J. Kroos - Formalistick (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2007: Sied van Riel - Sigh (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2007: Splitscreen - Boomblasta (Leon Bolier Vs. Joop Remix)
• 2006: Carlos - The Silmarillia 2007 (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2006: Gott & Gordon - Midnight (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2006: JPL - Ilmola (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2006: Mike Shiver - Feelings (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2006: Xtranova - The Way We Were (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2005: Niklas Harding & Redshift - Pagoda (Leon Bolier Remix)
• 2004: Can & Schossow - Blabarsmonstret (Leon Bolier Remix)

DJ Mixes[link]

• 2011: Streamlined 2011 - Tunis
• 2009: Streamlined 2009 - Buenos Aires
• 2008: Trance Mission Disc 1

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Leon Bolier on Myspace
• Leon Bolier at Allmusic
• Leon Bolier discography at Discogs
• Leon Bolier discography at MusicBrainz
• TranceSound interview, April 2010
• TranceSound interview, September 2009

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