September 4 is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 118 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events[link]

• 476 – Romulus Augustulus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire.
• 626 – Li Shimin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizong of Tang, assumes the throne over the Tang Dynasty of China.
• 1260 – The Sienese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeat the Florentine Guelphs at Montaperti.
• 1666 – In London, England, the most destructive damage from the Great Fire occurs.
• 1774 – New Caledonia is first sighted by Europeans, during the second voyage of Captain James Cook.
• 1781 – Los Angeles, California, is founded as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora La Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula (The Village of Our Lady, the Queen of the Angels of Porziuncola) by 44 Spanish settlers.
• 1797 – Coup of 18 Fructidor in France.
• 1812 – War of 1812: The Siege of Fort Harrison begins when the fort is set on fire.
• 1862 – Civil War Maryland Campaign: General Robert E. Lee takes the Army of Northern Virginia, and the war, into the North.
• 1870 – Emperor Napoleon III of France is deposed and the Third Republic is declared.
• 1884 – The United Kingdom ends its policy of penal transportation to New South Wales in Australia.^{[citation needed]}
• 1886 – Indian Wars: after almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader Geronimo, with his remaining warriors, surrenders to General Nelson Miles in Arizona.
• 1888 – George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak and receives a patent for his camera that uses roll film.
• 1912 – Albanian rebels succeed in their revolt when the Ottoman Empire agrees to fulfill their demands
• 1919 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who founded the Republic of Turkey, gathers a congress in Sivas to make decisions as to the future of Anatolia and Thrace.
• 1923 – Maiden flight of the first U.S. airship, the USS Shenandoah.
• 1939 – World War II: a Bristol Blenheim is the first British aircraft to cross the German coast following the declaration of war and German ships are bombed.
• 1941 – World War II: a German submarine makes the first attack against a United States ship, the USS Greer.
• 1944 – World War II: the British 11th Armoured Division liberates the Belgian city of Antwerp.
• 1944 – World War II: Finland exits from the war with Soviet Union.
• 1948 – Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands abdicates for health reasons.
• 1949 – The Peekskill Riots erupt after a Paul Robeson concert in Peekskill, New York.
• 1950 – Darlington Raceway is the site of the inaugural Southern 500, the first 500-mile NASCAR race.
• 1951 – The first live transcontinental television broadcast takes place in San Francisco, California, from the Japanese Peace Treaty Conference.
• 1956 – The IBM RAMAC 305 is introduced, the first commercial computer to use magnetic disk storage.
• 1957 – American Civil Rights Movement: Little Rock Crisis – Orval Faubus, governor of Arkansas, calls out the National Guard to prevent African American students from enrolling in Central High School.
• 1957 – The Ford Motor Company introduces the Edsel.
• 1963 – Swissair Flight 306 crashes near Dürrenäsch, Switzerland, killing all 80 people on board.
• 1964 – Scotland's Forth Road Bridge near Edinburgh officially opens.
• 1967 – Vietnam War: Operation Swift begins: U.S. Marines engage the North Vietnamese in battle in the Que Son Valley.
• 1971 – Alaska Airlines Flight 1866 crashes near Juneau, Alaska, killing all 111 people on board.
• 1972 – Mark Spitz becomes the first competitor to win seven medals at a single Olympic Games.
• 1975 – The Sinai Interim Agreement relating to the Arab-Israeli conflict is signed.
• 1977 – The Golden Dragon Massacre took place in San Francisco, California.
• 1985 – The discovery of Buckminsterfullerene, the first fullerene molecule of carbon.
• 1989 – In Leipzig, East Germany, the first of weekly demonstration for the legalisation of opposition groups and democratic reforms takes place.
• 1996 – War on Drugs: Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) attack a military base in Guaviare, starting three weeks of guerrilla warfare in which at least 130 Colombians are killed.
• 1998 – Google is founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, two students at Stanford University.
• 2001 – Tokyo DisneySea opens to the public as part of the Tokyo Disney Resort in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.
• 2007 – Three terrorists suspected to be a part of Al-Qaeda are arrested in Germany after allegedly planning attacks on both the Frankfurt International airport and US military installations.
• 2010 – Canterbury earthquake: a 7.1 magnitude earthquake which struck the South Island of New Zealand at 4:35 am causing widespread damage and several power outages.

Births[link]

• 1241 – Alexander III of Scotland (d. 1286)
• 1383 – Count Amadeus VIII of Savoy (d. 1451)
• 1454 – Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, English politician (d. 1483)
• 1557 – Sofie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, queen of Denmark and Norway (d. 1631)
• 1563 – Wanli, Emperor of China (d. 1620)
• 1596 – Constantijn Huygens, Dutch poet and composer (d. 1687)
• 1681 – Carl Heinrich Biber, violinist and composer (d. 1749)
• 1717 – Job Orton, English minister (d. 1783)
• 1718 – Carl Heinrich Biber, Austrian violinist and composer (d. 1749)
• 1755 – Count Axel von Fersen the Younger, Swedish Army officer, diplomat and statesman. (d. 1810)
• 1761 – F.L.Æ. Kunzen, German composer and conductor (d. 1817)
• 1768 – François-René de Chateaubriand, French diplomat (d. 1848)
• 1798 – Raynold Kaufgetz, Swiss academic (d. 1869)
• 1803 – Sarah Childress Polk, First Lady of the United States (d. 1891)
• 1809 – Juliusz Słowacki, Polish Romantic poet (d. 1849)
• 1824 – Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer (d. 1896)
• 1825 – Dadabhai Naoroji, An early Indian political leader (d. 1917)
• 1826 – Martin Wiberg, Swedish computer pioneer (d. 1905)
• 1832 – Antonio Agliardi, Italian diplomat (d. 1915)
• 1846 – Daniel Burnham, American architect (d. 1912)
• 1848 – Jennie Lee, American actress (d. 1925)
• 1850 – Luigi Cadorna, Italian Field Marshal (d. 1928)
• 1851 – John Dillon, Irish nationalist (d. 1927)
• 1885 – Antonio Bacci, Italian cardinal (d. 1971)
• 1885 – Dimitrios Loundras, Greek gymnast (d. 1971)
• 1886 – Albert Orsborn, General of the Salvation Army (d. 1967)
• 1887 – Roy William Neill, Irish director (d. 1946)
• 1890 – Naima Wifstrand, Swedish film actor, operetta singer, troubadour, director and composer (d. 1968)
• 1891 – Fritz Todt, Nazi official (d. 1942)
• 1892 – Darius Milhaud, French composer (d. 1974)
• 1896 – Antonin Artaud, French playwright (d. 1948)
• 1896 – Aspasia Manos, wife of king Alexander of Greece (d. 1972)
• 1901 – William Lyons, British industrialist (Jaguar cars) (d. 1985)
• 1902 – Thomas Mitchell, England cricketer (d. 1996)
• 1905 – Mary Renault, English novelist (d. 1983)
• 1906 – Max Delbrück, German biologist, Nobel laureate (d. 1981)
• 1908 – Edward Dmytryk, American film director (d. 1999)
• 1908 – Richard Wright, American writer (d. 1960)
• 1909 – Eduard Wirths, Nazi physician (d. 1945)
• 1910 – Denis Tomlinson, South African cricketer (d. 1993)
• 1912 – Syd Hoff, Jewish-American cartoonist and children's book author (d. 2004)
• 1913 – Mickey Cohen, American gangster (d. 1976)
• 1913 – Victor Kiernan, British historian (d. 2009)
• 1913 – Stanford Moore, American chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1982)
• 1914 – Rudolf Leiding, German auto executive, third postwar chairman of Volkswagen (d. 2003)
• 1917 – Henry Ford II, American industrialist (d. 1987)
• 1918 – Paul Harvey, American radio broadcaster (d. 2009)
• 1918 – Gerald Wilson, American jazz trumpeter and arranger
• 1919 – Howard Morris, American comic actor and director (d. 2005)
• 1920 – Clemar Bucci, Argentine racing driver (d. 2011)
• 1922 – Per Olof Sundman, Swedish writer and politician (d. 1992)
• 1923 – Ram Kishore Shukla, Indian Politician (d. 2003)
• 1924 – Joan Aiken, English writer (d. 2004)
• 1925 – Forrest Carter, American author (d. 1979)
• 1926 – Ivan Illich, Austrian philosopher (d. 2002)
• 1926 – Bert Olmstead, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1927 – John McCarthy, American computer scientist (d. 2011)
• 1927 – Ferenc Sánta, Hungarian writer (d. 2008)
• 1928 – Dick York, American actor (d. 1992)
• 1929 – Thomas Eagleton, American politician (d. 2007)
• 1930 – Don Ackerman, American basketball player (d. 2011)
• 1931 – Mitzi Gaynor, American actress
• 1931 – Antonios Trakatellis, Greek politician
• 1932 – Carlos Romero Barcelo, Puerto Rican politician
• 1932 – Dinsdale Landen, English actor (d. 2003)
• 1934 – Sir Clive Granger, Welsh-born economist, Nobel laureate
• 1934 – Eduard Khil, Russian singer
• 1936 – Wayne Cody, American popular radio and television sportscaster (d. 2002)
• 1937 – Dawn Fraser, Australian swimmer
• 1937 – Gene Ludwig, American jazz organist (d. 2010)
• 1937 – Mikk Mikiver, Estonian actor and director (d. 2006)
• 1939 – Denis Lindsay, South African cricketer (d. 2005)
• 1941 – Marilena Chaui, Brazilian philosopher
• 1941 – Sushilkumar Shinde, Indian politician
• 1941 – Ramesh Sethi, East African cricketer
• 1941 – Joanna Van Gyseghem, English actress
• 1942 – Raymond Floyd, American professional golfer
• 1942 – Jerry Jarrett, American professional wrestling promoter
• 1942 – Merald "Bubba" Knight, R&B singer with Gladys Knight & The Pips
• 1944 – Jennifer Salt, American actress
• 1944 – Ron Ward, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1945 – Danny Gatton, American musician (d. 1994)
• 1946 – Gary Duncan, American guitarist (Quicksilver Messenger Service)
• 1946 – Bryan Mauricette, Canadian cricketer
• 1946 – Dave Liebman, American saxophonist and flautist
• 1949 – Dean Pees, American football defensive coordinator
• 1949 – Tom Watson, American golfer
• 1950 – Doyle Alexander, American baseball player
• 1950 – Ehteshamuddin, Pakistani cricketer
• 1951 – Martin Chambers, English drummer (The Pretenders)
• 1951 – Judith Ivey, American actress
• 1951 – Marita Ulvskog, Swedish politician
• 1952 – Rishi Kapoor, Indian actor
• 1953 – Fatih Terim, Turkish footballer and coach
• 1955 – David Broza, a multi-platinum Israeli singer-songwriter and guitarist.
• 1955 – Garth Le Roux, former South African cricketer
• 1955 – Brian Schweitzer, American politician, 23rd governor of Montana
• 1956 – Blackie Lawless, American musician, lead singer in W.A.S.P.
• 1957 – Khandi Alexander, American actress
• 1957 – Patricia Tallman, American actress
• 1958 – George Hurley, American drummer (Minutemen)
• 1958 – Marzio Innocenti, Italian rugby union player and coach
• 1958 – David Drew Pinsky (Dr. Drew), American radio show host
• 1959 – Kevin Harrington, Australian actor
• 1959 – Armin Kogler, Austrian ski jumper
• 1960 – Kim Thayil, American guitarist (Soundgarden, Probot)
• 1960 – Damon Wayans, American actor and comedian
• 1961 – Nick Blinko, English musician (Rudimentary Peni)
• 1961 – Kevin Kennedy, English actor
• 1961 – Rizwan-uz-Zaman, Pakistani cricketer
• 1962 – Kiran More, Indian cricketer
• 1962 – Ulla Tørnæs, Danish politician
• 1963 – Bobby Jarzombek, American drummer (Halford)
• 1963 – John Vanbiesbrouck, American hockey player
• 1963 – Sam Yaffa, Finnish musician (Hanoi Rocks, New York Dolls)
• 1964 – René Pape, German bass
• 1965 – Sergio Momesso, French Canadian ice hockey player
• 1966 – Yanka Dyagileva, Russian poet and singer-songwriter (d. 1991)
• 1966 – Jeff Tremaine, American director and producer
• 1967 – Darrin Murray, New Zealand cricketer
• 1968 – John DiMaggio, American voice actor
• 1968 – Phill Lewis, American actor
• 1968 – Mike Piazza, American baseball player
• 1969 – Alexander Coe, Welsh DJ and record producer
• 1969 – Ramon Dekkers, Dutch kickboxer
• 1969 – Noah Taylor, English-born actor
• 1970 – Dave Buchwald, American hacker and film maker
• 1970 – Igor Cavalera, Brazilian drummer (Sepultura)
• 1970 – Daisy Dee, West Indian-born singer
• 1970 – Sven Meyer, German footballer
• 1971 – Lance Klusener, South African cricketer
• 1971 – Ione Skye, English actress
• 1971 – Maik Taylor, Northern Irish footballer
• 1971 – Anita Yuen, Hong Kong actress
• 1972 – Françoise Yip, Canadian actress
• 1973 – Jason David Frank, American actor
• 1973 – Aaron Fultz, American baseball player
• 1974 – Naved Ashraf, Pakistani cricketer
• 1974 – Carmit Bachar, American musician (Pussycat Dolls)
• 1974 – Lincoln Roberts, West Indian cricketer
• 1975 – Kai Owen, Welsh actor
• 1975 – Dave Salmoni, Canadian zoologist, animal trainer
• 1975 – Yoani Sánchez, Cuban dissident blogger
• 1976 – Katreeya English, Thai singer, actress, model
• 1976 – Denilson Martins Nascimento, Brazilian footballer
• 1976 – Clinton R. Nixon, American game designer
• 1976 – Mario-Ernesto Rodríguez, Uruguayan-Italian footballer
• 1977 – Sun-Woo Kim, Korean Major League Baseball player
• 1977 – Mark Ronson, English DJ/Producer and co-founder of Allido Records
• 1977 – Lucie Silvas, English musician
• 1978 – Wes Bentley, American actor
• 1978 – Christian Walz, Swedish artist.
• 1979 – Maxim Afinogenov, Russian ice hockey player
• 1979 – Pedro Camacho, Portuguese composer
• 1979 – Kristina Krepela, Croatian actress
• 1979 – Kosuke Matsuura, Japanese racing driver
• 1979 – MC Mong, South Korean hip hop artist
• 1980 – Pat Neshek, American baseball player
• 1980 – Hitomi Shimatani, Japanese singer
• 1981 – Richard Garcia, Australian footballer
• 1981 – Beyoncé Knowles, American singer and actress (Destiny's Child)
• 1981 – Lacey Sturm, American singer (Flyleaf)
• 1982 – Whitney Cummings, American comedian and actress
• 1983 – Joshua Gardner, American sex offender and fictional fifth Duke of Cleveland
• 1983 – Yuichi Nakamaru, Japanese idol, (member of KAT-TUN)
• 1983 – Margit Rüütel, Estonian tennis player
• 1984 – Camila Bordonaba, Argentine actress, singer and composer
• 1984 – Hamish McIntosh, Australian football player
• 1984 – Demetris Nichols, American basketball player
• 1985 – Walid Mesloub, Algerian footballer
• 1985 – Raúl Albiol, Spanish footballer
• 1986 – James Younghusband, Philippine footballer
• 1986 – Ayumi Kaihori, Japanese international footballer
• 1988 – John Tyler Hammons, American politician, mayor of Muskogee, Oklahoma
• 1990 – Stefanía Fernández, Venezuelan beauty queen and Miss Universe 2009
• 1990 – Jonny Lomax, English Rugby League player
• 1991 – Carter Jenkins, American actor
• 1995 – Trevor Gagnon, American actor
• 1999 – Kali Majors, American actress

Deaths[link]

• 422 – Pope Boniface I
• 799 – Musa al-Kazim, Shia Imam (b. 745)
• 1037 – King Bermudo III of León (b. 1010)
• 1063 – Tughril, Turkish conqueror of Persia and Baghdad
• 1199 – Joan of England, Queen consort of Sicily, wife of William II of Sicily (b. 1165)
• 1537 – Johann Dietenberger, German theologian (b. c.1475)
• 1588 – Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (b. 1532)
• 1767 – Charles Townshend, English politician (b. 1725)
• 1780 – John Fielding, English magistrate and social reformer (b. 1721)
• 1784 – César-François Cassini de Thury, French astronomer (b. 1714)
• 1794 – John Hely-Hutchinson, Irish statesman (b. 1724)
• 1804 – Richard Somers, American naval officer
• 1821 – José Miguel Carrera, Chilean general and founding father (b. 1785)
• 1852 – William MacGillivray, Scottish naturalist and ornithologist (b. 1796)
• 1864 – John Hunt Morgan, American Confederate military leader (b. 1825)
• 1907 – Edvard Grieg, Norwegian composer (b. 1843)
• 1909 – Clyde Fitch, American dramatist and playwright (b. 1865)
• 1940 – George William de Carteret, author from Jersey island (b. 1869)
• 1944 – General Erich Fellgiebel, German army officer who participated in the July 20th plot to assassinate Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler. (b. 1886)
• 1963 – Robert Schuman, French politician (b. 1886)
• 1965 – Albert Schweitzer, Alsatian physician and missionary, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1875)
• 1974 – Marcel Achard, French playwright (b. 1899)
• 1974 – Creighton Abrams, U.S. Army general (b. 1914)
• 1974 – Lewi Pethrus, Swedish politician (b. 1884)
• 1977 – E. F. Schumacher, German economist and statistician (b. 1911)
• 1977 – Jean Rostand, French biologist (b. 1894)
• 1977 – Stelios Perpiniadis, Greek musician (b. 1899)
• 1979 – Canuplin, Filipino magician and bodabil entertainer (b. 1904)
• 1986 – Hank Greenberg, American baseball player (b. 1911)
• 1986 – Otto Glória, Brazilian football coach (b. 1917)
• 1987 – Bill Bowes, English cricketer (b. 1908)
• 1989 – Georges Simenon, French author (b. 1903)
• 1989 – Ronald Syme, New Zealand-born classicist and historian (b. 1903)
• 1990 – Irene Dunne American actress (b. 1898)
• 1991 – Tom Tryon, American actor and novelist (b. 1926)
• 1991 – Dottie West, American singer (b. 1932)
• 1991 – Charlie Barnet, American jazz saxophonist and bandleader (b. 1913)
• 1993 – Hervé Villechaize, French actor (b. 1943)
• 1995 – Chuck Greenberg, American musician (Shadowfax (b. 1950)
• 1995 – William Kunstler, American lawyer and activist (b. 1919)
• 1997 – Aldo Rossi, Italian architect (b. 1931)
• 1998 – Elizabeth Kata, Australian writer, A Patch of Blue (b. 1912)
• 1999 – Georg Gawliczek, German football manager (b. 1919)
• 2001 – Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf, American radio personality (b. 1962)
• 2002 – Vlado Perlemuter, Lithuanian pianist (b. 1904)
• 2003 – Tibor Varga, Hungarian violinist and conductor (b. 1921)
• 2003 – Lola Bobesco, Romanian-born violinist (b. 1921)
• 2004 – Alphonso Ford, American basketball player (b. 1971)
• 2004 – Moe Norman, Canadian golfer (b. 1929)
• 2004 – James O. Page, American paramedic (b. 1936)
• 2006 – Colin Thiele, Australian author and educator (b. 1920)
• 2006 – Giacinto Facchetti, Italian footballer (b. 1942)
• 2006 – Steve Irwin, Australian naturalist and television personality (b. 1962)
• 2006 – Astrid Varnay, Swedish-born soprano (b. 1918)
• 2011 – Lee Roy Selmon, American football player (b. 1954)

Holidays and observances[link]

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Blessed Catherine of Racconigi
  • Moses and Aaron (Lutheran Church and Eastern Orthodox Church)
  • Rosalia
  • Rose of Viterbo
  • Ultan of Ardbraccan
  • September 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Immigrant's Day (Argentina)
• Newspaper Carrier Day (United States)
• The first day of the Ludi Romani until 19 September. (Roman Empire)

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: September 4

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

David Wynn Miller (born September 17,^[1] 1949),^[2] also styled David-Wynn: Miller, is a former tool and die welder^[3] and current American activist in a tax protest group affiliated with the Sovereign Citizen Movement.^[4] Defendants in court cases have unsuccessfully attempted to use Miller's language or ideas in courts of the United States and Canada.

Reports appearing after the 2011 Tucson shooting noted similarities between the writing of suspected gunman Jared Lee Loughner and Miller's views.^[5] Miller stated that although he did not know Loughner, he agreed with Loughner's video postings on government mind control and grammar,^[6] but was appalled by Loughner's alleged actions.^[3] Miller states the idea that his work could have inspired the mass shooting was "ridiculous",^[7] and “I expect he’s been on my website... He’s just repeating things I’ve had up on my site the past 11 years.”^[8]

Miller's description of his work and views[link]

Miller lived in Ohio before moving to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and he describes himself as a "Plenipotentiary-Judge", an ambassador, banker, postmaster,^[9] King of Hawaii, and a genius.^[10][11][12]

On April 6, 1988, Miller invented what he calls the Mathematical Interface for Language or Quantum-Math-Communications and Language^[13] or Correct-Language.^[14] According to Miller, his language is "for the stopping-claims of the Theft, Cheating, Fraud, Slavery and War."^[13] Miller's language uses sentences that begin with prepositional phrases, using the word For, are at least thirteen words long, and have many more nouns than verbs. According to Miller, only nouns have legal authority. The language has an abundance of punctuation. Miller explains:

FOR THE FORMS OF OUR PUNCTUATIONS ARE WITH THE CLAIM OF THE USE: FULL-COLON=POSITION-LODIO-FACTS, HYPHEN=COMPOUND-FACTS =KNOWN, PERIOD=END-THOUGHT, COMMA-PAUSE, AND LOCATION-TILDES WITH THE MEANINGS AND USES OF THE COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE FULL-COLON OF THE POSITION-LODIAL-FACT-PHRASE WITH THE FACT/KNOWN-TERM OF THE POSITIONAL-LODIO-FACT-PHRASE AND WITH THE VOID OF THE NOM-DE-GUERRE = DEAD-PERSON.^[13]

According to Miller's teaching, the addition of hyphens and colons to one's name turns one from an ordinary, taxable human into a non-taxable “prepositional phrase.” They are distinguished from the names listed at birth in all capital letters (as on a birth certificate), which he claims turns one into a taxable Person (Corporation). (e.g., DAVID WYNN MILLER as opposed to :David-Wynn: Miller.).”^[15]

Description by Miller's critics[link]

The Los Angeles Times characterized Miller's political views as "far-right."^[16] The Anti-Defamation League described Miller in an article on the Redemption movement: "This Milwaukee, Wisconsin-based sovereign citizen is one of the most unusual of the 'common law gurus' who travel the country holding seminars and offering legal advice. Miller has created his own unique version of English grammar, one that even many sovereign citizens find hard to understand or accept." ^[17] An article published by the Southern Poverty Law Center in 2003 referred to Miller as a "Professional Conspiracist" and stated that Miller claimed Bill Clinton and the entire Supreme Court of the United States were students of his. The Southern Poverty Law Center listed a wide variety of conspiracy theories associated with Miller.^[10][18]

Selected cases[link]

Defendants have attempted to use Miller's language or ideas in courts of the United States and Canada. These attempts have been unsuccessful.

In 1998 Miller assisted Ingleside, Illinois resident George Johnson in his legal defense against child molestation charges.^[19] Johnson was convicted and returned to prison in 1999.^[20]

In June 1998 Prescott, Arizona resident James McCreary filed a federal lawsuit after being arrested in February for aggravated assault and possession of drug paraphernalia. In his filing, "McCreary mentions the name of his apparent mentor. David Wynn Miller of Ohio is an advocate of the restoration of Constitutional rights through 'correct' language and procedure."^[21] McCreary's actions in court got his conviction reduced by the judge to three misdemeanors, and he was sentenced to three concurrent 60-day sentences in jail.^[21]

In August 2001, Paul and Myrna Schuck unsuccessfully used Miller's language during a tax-evasion trial in Calgary, Alberta. They were later sentenced to jail after claiming postage affixed to their clothing and signed by them made them legally equivalent to royalty.^[2][15]

In October 2001, Andrew William Sereda, a naturopath, went to jail in Calgary, Alberta, for contempt of court when he addressed a judge in Miller's language during his tax evasion trial.^[2]

In September 2002, Miller was profiled when Milwaukee-based accountant Steven Allen Magritz was jailed after engaging what authorities called "paper terrorism," or filing large numbers of legal claims against perceived enemies, as part of the sovereign citizen anti-government movement. The article calls Miller "the movement's linguist" and outlines his belief that people don't need to pay taxes if they can "prove that money is a verb."^[22] Magritz was convicted in 2003 on seven counts of criminal slander of title and sentenced to five years in prison.^[23]

In December 2002, Wisconsin juries convicted Oconomowoc, Wisconsin residents Janice K. Logan and Jason Zellmer (Miller's cousin)^[22] of "simulating legal process" by filing documents which purported to be legal documents from the jurisdiction of the "Unity States of the World," a concept originated by Miller.^[24][25] Zellmer had been previously convicted of resisting an officer.^[22] Miller testified at the trial. The defendants were found guilty. Miller remarked that the genesis of Truth-language was when he "turned Hawaii into a verb" and showed "how a preposition is needed to certify a noun."^[11][26]

In 2002 and 2003, Ed Dick stood trial in Vernon, British Columbia for unlawfully failing to provide income tax returns for the taxation years 1997 and 1998. Dick succeeded in having the style of cause amended to include his name with a colon, namely, Edward: Dick. Among other tactics, he challenged the jurisdiction of the court. Dick was found guilty.^[27]

In 2005, Montclair, New Jersey resident Brenda Rickard was arrested and charged with orchestrating a $30 million mortgage scam: "Rickard, who claimed her name is :Brenda :Rickard, is a follower of :Judge: David-Wynn: Miller, who gives seminars around the country and advocates speaking in the 'true language,' which features odd punctuation and syntax. 'I have no problem with the complaint against me as long as it’s in the truthful language,' Rickard told the judge." Her lawyer requested a psychological evaluation following Rickard's behavior in court.^[28] Rickard and co-defendant Jamila Davis were convicted of conspiracy and six counts of bank fraud in 2008.^[29]

In 2006, Hemet, California physician Jerome Mueller was jailed for tax evasion: "Part of a loose-knit group calling themselves 'freemen' and 'patriots,' Mueller is an adherent of 'truth language.' Developed by self-professed genius David Wynn Miller, of Milwaukee, truth language is based on mathematics and purports to be the only correct way of interpreting English. A major tenet, according to interviews with Miller published on the Internet, is that maritime law is the only worldwide governing authority because the Earth is a vessel in a sea of space. The U.S. government, however, contends in everyday English that Mueller owes income taxes back to 1993."^[30]

On 7 July 2008, La Crosse, Wisconsin dentist Frederick G. Kriemelmeyer complained about his conviction for falsifying federal income tax returns. In the United States Court of Appeals, he asserted that he had not been permitted to use Miller as his counsel during the trial. The magistrate judge had refused to allow Miller to act as counsel because Miller was not licensed as an attorney. The Court of Appeals ruled that the magistrate judge's refusal was correct, and that Kriemelmeyer's argument that he was not subject to the tax laws was frivolous.^[31]

In 2008, Wai'anae, Hawaii resident Rita Makekau was convicted of eight counts of assault and one count of domestic abuse for injuring five children in her care with hammers and knives.^[32] In 2009, Makekau challenged her child abuse conviction by claiming her sovereignty group, Hawaiian Kingdom Government, declared her innocent. Miller said he is the group's spokesperson and is a "plenipotentiary judge, ambassador and postmaster."^[33] Makekau was ordered to prison in 2009.

In 2010, David Kevin Lindsay asked Mr Justice Frits Verhoeven of the Supreme Court of British Columbia, who was acting as a court of appeal, to quash a conviction resulting from Lindsay's failure to file income tax returns for 1996 and thereafter. Lindsay, who presented himself as David-Kevin: Lindsay, argued that he was not a "person" as defined by Canada's Income Tax Act. He said he had ceased to be a person in 1996. The judge refused to let Lindsay opt out of personhood. The judge said the sentence of a $5000 fine would remain but jail time would be reduced to 30 days from the original 150.^[34][35]

See also[link]

• Montana Freemen
• Posse Comitatus (organization)
• Sovereign citizen movement
• Tax protester (United States)

References[link]